2014暨南大学管理学与微观经济学真题与答案

2011年全国硕士研究生统一入学考试自命题试题********************************************************************************************学科与专业名称：企业管理、会计学、旅游管理考生注意：所有答案必须写在答题纸（卷）上，写在本试题上一律不给分。

Ⅱ微观经济学部分一、选择题（每题只有一个正确答案，每题 3 分，共30 分）1.垄断厂商的边际成本曲线是MC=8，该厂商所面临的需求曲线是P=40-Q，其中P 代表价格，Q代表数量。

下面哪个产量使得该垄断厂商的利润最大：A 32B 16C 64D 722.最近纽约公交地铁系统工会组织大罢工为了争取更好的待遇（现已结束），很多经济学家在罢工还没结束时就相信劳动方（即工会）的要求将会得到一定程度的满足，经济学家的理由最有可能是以下哪一个？A 罢工会对社会带来巨大损失，劳资双方出于社会财产的关心达成妥协B 政府施加压力使得资方不得不满足劳方部分要求C 工会是劳动力供给的垄断者，它们对劳动力的价格有较强的控制能力D 工会的谈判技巧高超3．关于长期成本和短期成本的关系，以下说法那个不对：A 在任何一个产量水平上，长期总成本都小于或等于短期总成本B 在任何一个产量水平上，长期平均成本都小于或等于短期平均成本C 在任何一个产量水平上，短期平均成本都和长期平均成本相切在短期的最低点上D 存在一个短期规模，其短期平均成本和长期平均成本相切在两者的最低点上4.完全竞争行业的供给曲线向上倾斜，有人列出了三种的原因：（1）由于生产的投入资源是有限的，随着生产者数目的增加，这些投入资源的价格上涨，导致所有生产者的成本上升。

（2）行业中每个企业的边际成本是向上倾斜的（3）企业（包括考试科目：管理学与微观经济学共 6 页。

（Ⅰ）管理学部分一、名词解释1.霍桑实验2.波士顿矩阵3.学习型组织4.全面质量管理5.矩阵型结构二、判断（略）三、论述题综合论述激励理论与领导理论，并结合实际谈谈怎样有效地领导？四、材料分析题1.五个选择（不难）2.谈谈该企业哪些地方的管理需要改进？如果你是该企业的管理人员，说说你会提出哪些建议？（Ⅱ）微观经济学部分一、选择题（共有十道）二、判断题（每题5分，判断正确得2分，回答出理由得3分，都是一些具体的例子，并不是概念性的）三、案例分析人们驾车旅行的需求与汽油价格的需求之间的关系（大概是这样，都是关于需求变动的）管理学部分：一、选择题（没记住，不过不太难）二、判断题（也比较简单）三、论述题1、设计良好目标的特征，该理论对管理工作的启示2、马斯洛需要层次理论的内容和对管理工作的启示3、在波士顿矩阵中的四个业务如何分配资源四、案例分析题（考的都是激励理论和领导理论）有个企业，他的总经理王志溯，今天开始了他的一天工作：1、工厂负责人报告说工厂的工人近期的离职率较高，原因是受‘民工荒’的影响，行业内其它企业工人的工资都上涨了，但是本企业的工人工资依旧。

2、销售部负责人来报告说近期销售人员离职的较多，并且销售人员反映公司制定的销售目标过高，使得销售部的压力非常大。

3、（没记住）4、公司的财务经理是个能力很强，并且经验丰富。

公司聘请他担任公司的财务经理，管理公司财务。

王志朔给该经理安排了一些任务，然而他发现该经理的态度比较漠然。

请根据以上资料回答以下问题：（1）、用相关理论分析工厂工人离职率高的真正原因。

（2）、用相关理论分析销售人员离职人数多的原因。

（3）、如果你是王志溯，该采取什么措施来处理这两个问题。

（4）、根据激励理论和领导理论分析王志溯应该如何处理财务经理的问题。

微观部分：一、选择题二、名词解释：1、规模经济和范围经济2、向后弯曲的劳动供给曲线3、科斯定理三、判断分析题四、计算题（古诺均衡和需求供给弹性）五、论述题：垄断存在效率损失，说明这是如何产生的。

管理学部分
一，选择题5个
二、判断题5个
三、论述题
1、企业是否应该负社会责任？结合食品安全问题谈谈你的看法
2、市场、官僚、小集团控制管理系统有什么特征？分别适宜什么样的组织或情境
3、叙述公平理论的内容，假如你是管理者，你将怎么用它去激励员工
四、案例题
经济学部分
一，选择题
1、边际替代率的内容
2、生产函数
3、边际收益产品
4、劳动的供求价格弹性
5、外部经济
二、名词解释
1、恩格尔法则
2、自然垄断
3、帕累托效率
三、辨析题
1、弹性的内容
2、生产者和消费者剩余的内容
四、计算题
1、市场上有3张很珍贵的邮票，老王在一次拍卖会上买到了2张，并当场用打火机烧掉了一张。

问老王这样做的理由？及老王认为邮票价格弹性的上限时多少？
2,、很简单的收益、利润的题
五、简答题
用均衡定理分析ZF对粮食实行最低价收购政策，对农产品市场有什么影响。

微观经济学部分消费者理论部分1。

简述基数效用论与序数效用论的区别（2008年简）答:基数效用论和序数效用论是解释消费者行为的两种不同理论。

二者在分析消费者行为时有着明显的区别。

具体表现在：①假设不同。

基数效用论假设消费者商品所获得的效用是可以度量的，即效用的大小可以用基数大小来表示,并且每增加一个单位商品所带来的效用增加具有递减规律；序数效用论则认为，消费者商品所获得的效用水平只可以进行排序，只可以用序数来表示效用的高低,而效用的大小及特征表示在无差异曲线中.②使用的分析方法不同。

基数效用论使用MU以及预算约束条件来分析效用最大化条件。

而序数效用论则以无差异曲线和预算约束线为工具来分析消费者均衡。

③所表述的消费者均衡的实现条件是不一样的。

其中前者表述为MUx/Px=λ,后者表述为MRSxy=Px/Py。

以上分析方法上的区别,只是以不同的方式表达了消费者行为的一般规律。

除此以外，二者有又许多相同之处：①两者都是从市场的需求着手，通过推导需求曲线来说明需求曲线的任一点都表示消费者获得了效用最大化.②两者都是一种消费者行为理论，都把消费者的行为看做是在既定的收入限制条件下追求最大化效用的过程。

③两者都以边际效用理论为基础，认为商品的价值或价格是由商品带给消费者的边际效用的大小来决定的。

④两者推到的曲线具有相同的趋势，都符合需求规律.2.供给曲线的移动、沿着供给曲线的移动。

(2011简）答：供给量的变动和供给的变动是两个相互联系而又相互区别的概念.供给量的变动和供给的变动都是供给数量的变动，它们的区别在于引起这两种变动的因素是不相同的，而且,这两种变动在几何图形中的表现也是不相同的.供给量的变动表现为沿着供给曲线移动，而供给的变动表现为供给曲线的移动。

供给量的变动是指在其他条件不变的前提下，由某种商品的价格变动所引起的该商品的供给数量的变动.在几何图形中，供给量的变动表现为商品的价格-供给数量组合点沿着同一条既定的供给曲线的运动.供给的变动是指在商品价格不变的前提下，由于其他因素变动所引起的该商品的供给数量的变动。

一、辨析题（每题5分，共20分）
1、关于组织机构层级和幅度的题，大概是在出现指挥混乱的时候应该设置临时机构来协调。

2、公共部门的战略管理是完全照搬私人部门战略管理的，没有经过消化。

3、集体物品生产中，私人部门不能对产生激励机制，所以集体物品只能由集体生产。

4、有一个忘了+.+实在想不起来。

二、简答题（每题10分，共30分）
1、我国ZF间关系研究取得的成就和存在的问题。

2、绩效预算模式的概况。

（主要回答是什么，步骤，要求等）
3、对于ZF工具的理解有很多，简述构建主义的观点。

（原本近两年大纲里把这一章书去掉了，所以我没怎么看，只是扫了一眼，具体的点答不准。

不知道其他人怎样。

总之要吸取教训，多看点书。

）
三、论述题（每题30分，共60分）
1、转轨时期，社会矛盾和社会问题出现频繁，并且有新特征，那么为了解决问题，社会管理应从哪方面进行改革？
2、分专业回答的报哪个专业就回答哪个
行管和社保都是考查第三部门的内容，在书本上有原样，土管忘了。

教育经济管理是谈谈你对大学校长“去行政化”的看法，并结合南方科技大学的建校历程和改革分析其教育新模式。

应急是原发性和再生性危机事件的处理。

差不多是这样的。

四、案例分析（40分）
广州南沙社区服务创新的案例。

问题是
1、结合公共管理学相关知识，说明这个社区做的创新工作是否符合十八大提到的社会管理创新的内容。

2、社区创新的特点是什么？
3、创新点有哪些？。

2014年暨南大学717公共管理学考研真题及详解科目代码：717科目名称：公共管理学一、辨析题（判断下列观点是否正确，并简要说明理由。

共4题，每题5分，共20分）1．随着社会的发展，行政组织体系内部门林立、层次重叠，组织管理难度增加，造成指挥混乱，建立临时组织就是必须的。

2．私人永远没有经济激励去生产集体物品，所以，集体物品只能由集体生产。

3．绩效不易衡量为公共组织之特征，政府绩效评估在实际中常常存在多种限制。

4．战略管理在公共部门与私营部门在原则上没有什么不同，因此，公共部门的战略管理是私营部门战略管理的直接应用。

二、简答题（共3题，每题10分，共30分）1．国内政府间关系研究有哪些成就与不足？2．从管理或方法的角度看，预算管理主要有五种基本模式，请简述绩效预算模式。

3．国外政府工具的研究已经形成了多种途径，请简述建构主义途径的基本观点。

三、论述题（共2题，每题30分，共60分。

注意：第1题为所有专业必答题，第2题为不同专业必答题）1．在转型时期，社会问题和社会矛盾呈现新的特征，经济社会的可持续性发展面临挑战，我国的社会管理需要从哪几个方面推进改革？2．我国的第三部门在社会经济发展中正在发挥越来越重要的作用，但也面临各种困境，请论述我国第三部门发展过程中存在的困境。

【行政管理专业、社会保障专业必答题，其余专业不用回答】3．当前低碳发展成为世界经济发展的重大趋势，试从公共管理的角度论述，提出如何实现低碳土地利用的对策思路和政策建议。

【土地资源管理专业必答题，其余专业不用回答】4．我国大学校长的级别分别对应于政府部门的“处级”“厅级”和“部级”，你如何看待我国大学校长的“行政级别”现象？成立于深圳的南方科技大学被社会各界寄予“大学去行政化”的厚望，结合南方科技大学的建校历程和改革实践，请谈谈我国大学的“去行政化”改革。

【教育经济与管理专业必答题，其余专业不用回答】5．危机事件可分为原发性危机事件和继发性危机事件，请分别阐述这两种危机事件的含义，举一实例说明这两种危机事件的相继发生及对社会的影响，论析这两种危机事件的相互因果关系及对事态发展的影响，并分别设计这两种危机事件在各自发生阶段的危机管理方法。

Exercises for MicroeconomicsChapter 1问题1 ScarcityA. is the inability to satisfy all our wants.B. leads to higher prices.C. applies only to people living in poverty.D. is not something that affects very rich people.E. used to exist everywhere but has been eliminated in advanced economies.问题2 The study of economics is best described as a study ofA. the factors that influence the stock and bond markets.B. capitalism.C. the choices made in producing goods and services.D. coping with scarcity, and choices made as a result of scarcity in a society.E. how people earn a living.问题3 Microeconomics is the branch of economics that deals with which of the following topics?A. The behavior of individual consumersB. Unemployment and interest ratesC. The behavior of individual firms and investorsD. B and CE. A and C问题4 A Rolling Stones song goes: ʺY ou canʹt always get what you want.ʺThis echoes an importanttheme from microeconomics. Which of the following statements is the best example of thistheme?A. Consumers must make the best purchasing decisions they can, given their limitedincomes.B. Workers do not have as much leisure as they would like, given their wages and workingconditions.C. Workers in planned economies, such as North Korea, do not have much choice over jobs.D. Firms in market economies have limited financial resources.问题5 Economics is about the allocation of scarce resources. Which of the following is NOT anexample of economic scarcity?A. If Steve goes to see the movie Master and Commander on Saturday, he will not be able to afford buying ice cream.B. If Jenny studies for her economics quiz this evening, she will not have time to walk herdog.C. If General Motors increases its production of SUVs this year, it will have to spend moreon advertising.D. If Borders Books increases the number of titles it carries, it will have to reallocate shelf space to accommodate the new titles.问题6 A valid and useful theory of gold prices:A. helps to predict the movements of gold prices over time.B. may be founded on simplifying assumptions.C. need not exactly predict every change in gold prices.D. all of the aboveE. none of the above问题7 Which of the following is a positive statement?A. The President of the United States ought to be elected by a direct vote of the American people rather than the Electoral College.B. A fundamental assumption of the economic theory of consumer behavior is that consumers always prefer having more of any good to having less of it.C. Because many adults cannot afford to go to college, tax credits for tuition should be introduced.D. all of the aboveE. none of the above问题8 Which of the following is a normative statement?A. The taxes paid by the poor should be reduced in order to improve the incomedistribution in the U.S.B. State governments should not subsidize corporations by training welfare recipients.C. Presidential candidates should not be given funds from the federal government to runcampaigns.D. The sea otter should not be allowed to spread into Southern California coastal waters, because it will reduce the value of fisheries.E. all of the above问题9 Which of the following is a positive statement?A. Intermediate microeconomics should be required of all economics majors in order to build a solid foundation in economic theory.B. The minimum wage should not be increased because this action would increase unemployment.C. Smoking should be restricted on all airline flights.D. All automobile passengers should be required to wear seatbelts in order to protect them against injury.E. none of the above问题10 Which of the following is a positive statement?A. When the price of a good goes up, consumers buy less of it.B. When the price of a good goes up, firms produce more of it.C. When the Federal government sells bonds, interest rates rise and private investment is reduced.D. all of the aboveE. none of the above问题11 The key assumption underlying the theory of the firm is that:A. firms are assumed to maximize sales revenue.B. managers are assumed to maximize the number of employees in their department.C. firms are assumed to maximize profits.D. none of the above问题12 Which of the following statements is NOT true?A. The trade-offs facing consumers and producers are based on prices.B. All prices are determined by market interactions between buyers and sellers.C. Prices serve an important role in microeconomics.D. Only A and B above false.E. Only B and C above are false.问题13 The trade-offs facing consumers include:A. how to allocate income across goods and serves.B. how to allocate income between consumption and savings.C. both A and BD. none of the above问题14 The trade-offs facing workers include all of the following EXCEPT:A. decision to work or remain outside the workforce.B. decision to work or seek additional education.C. decision to work for a large corporation or a small firm.D. decision to allocate their time between work and leisure.E. All of the above are trade-offs facing workers.问题15 Firms face trade-offs in production, including decisions related to:A. which products to produce.B. how much of a particular product to produce.C. the best way to produce a given amount of output.D. all of the above问题16 The price of a taco was $0.29 in 1970 and $0.99 in 1993. The CPI was 38.8 in 1970 and 144.0 in 1993. The 1993 price of a taco in 1970 dollars is:A. $0.08.B. $0.27.C. $0.34.D. $3.67.问题17 Which of the following markets has the most restrictive geographic boundary?A. The market for retail gasolineB. The market for housingC. The market for goldD. The market for beef问题18 Why is market definition important for economic decision making?A. A firm is interested in knowing its actual and potential competitors.B. A firm will define its market in order to maximize revenue.C. Government regulators are interested in knowing the effect of mergers and acquisitions on competition and prices in a particular market.D. both A and CE. both A and B问题19 What does it mean when the CPI is higher this year than last?A. The rate of inflation has increased.B. There has been inflation since last year.C. Real prices have increased.D. Real prices have decreased.问题20 Which of the following could not possibly be included in the same market as Coke?A. A) PepsiB. GatoradeC. MilkD. BreadChapter 2问题1 Which of the following is NOT an application of supply and demand analysis?A. Understanding changing world economic conditions and their effects on pricesB. Evaluating the effects of government price controls on the agricultural industryC. Determining how taxes affect aggregate consumption spending patternsD. all of the aboveE. none of the above问题2 A supply curve reveals:A. the quantity of output consumers are willing to purchase at each possible market price.B. the difference between quantity demanded and quantity supplied at each price.C. the maximum level of output an industry can produce, regardless of price.D. the quantity of output that producers are willing to produce and sell at each possible market price.问题3 Plastic and steel are substitutes in the production of body panels for certain automobiles. If the price of plastic increases, with other things remaining the same, we would expect:A. the price of steel to fall.B. the demand curve for steel to shift to the right.C. the demand curve for plastic to shift to the left.D. nothing to happen to steel because it is only a substitute for plastic.E. the demand curve for steel to shift to the left.问题4 Coffee and cream:A. are both luxury goods.B. are complements.C. are both more inelastic in demand in the long run than in the short run.D. have a positive cross price elasticity of demand.问题5 Which of the following would shift the demand curve for new textbooks to the right?A. A fall in the price of paper used in publishing textsB. A fall in the price of equivalent used textbooksC. An increase in the number of students attending collegeD. A fall in the price of new textbooks.问题6 When an industryʹs raw material costs increase, other things remaining the same,A. the supply curve shifts to the left.B. the supply curve shifts to the right.C. output increases regardless of the market price and the supply curve shifts upward.D. output decreases and the market price also decreases.问题7 Sugar can be refined from sugar beets. When the price of those beets falls,A. the demand curve for sugar would shift right.B. the demand curve for sugar would shift left.C. the supply curve for sugar would shift right.D. the supply curve for sugar would shift left.问题8 Assume that steak and potatoes are complements. When the price of steak goes up, the demand curve for potatoes:A. shifts to the left.B. shifts to the right.C. remains constant.D. shifts to the right initially and then returns to its original position.问题9 Which of the following events will cause a leftward shift in the supply curve of gasoline?A. A decrease in the price of gasolineB. An increase in the wage rate of refinery workersC. Decrease in the price of crude oilD. An improvement in oil refining technologyE. all of the above问题10 Which of the following will NOT cause a shift in the supply of gasoline?A. An increase in the wage rate of refinery workersB. A decrease in the price of gasolineC. An improvement in oil refiningD. technologyA decrease in the price of crude oil问题11 You are analyzing the demand for good X. Which of the following will result in a shift to the right of the demand curve for X?A. A decrease in the price of XB. An increase in the price of a good that is a complement to good XC. An increase in the price of a good that is a substitute for XD. all of the above问题12 The price of good A goes up. As a result, the demand for good B shifts to the left. From this we can infer that:A. good A is used to produce goodB.B. good B is used to produce good A.C. goods A and B are substitutes.D. goods A and B are complements.E. none of the above问题13 Which of the following will cause the demand curve for Beatlesʹcompact discs to shift to the right?A. An increase in the price of the discsB. A decrease in consumersʹincomesC. An increase in the price of Phil Collins' latest compact disc (a substitute)D. all of the aboveE. none of the above问题14 Which of the following will NOT cause a rightward shift in the demand curve for beer?A. A change in the price of beerB. A health study indicating positive health benefits of moderate beer consumptionC. An increase in the price of French wine (a substitute)D. A decrease in the price of potato chips (a complement)E. none of the above问题15 Suppose biochemists discover an enzyme that can double the amount of ethanol that may be derived from a given amount of biomass. Based on this technological development, we expect the:A. supply curve for ethanol to shift leftward.B. supply curve for ethanol to shift rightward.C. demand curve for ethanol to shift leftward.D. demand curve for ethanol to shift rightward.问题16 Due to the recent increase in the price of natural gas, the quantity of coal demanded by electric power generation plants has increased. Based on this information, coal and natural gas are:A. complements.B. substitutes.C. independent goods.D. none of the above问题17 To protect the cod fishery off the northeast coast of the U.S., the federal government may limit the amount of fish that each boat can catch in the fishery. The result of this public policy is to:A. shift the cod demand curve to the left.B. shift the cod demand curve to the right.C. shift the cod supply curve to the right.D. shift the cod supply curve to the left.问题18 When the current price is above the market-clearing level we would expect:A. quantity demanded to exceed quantity supplied.B. quantity supplied to exceed quantity demanded.C. a shortage.D. greater production to occur during the next period.问题19 Assume that the current market price is below the market clearing level. We would expect:A. a surplus to accumulate.B. B) downward pressure on the current market price.C. upward pressure on the current market price.D. lower production during the next time period.问题20 As long as the actual market price exceeds the equilibrium market price, there will be:A. downward pressure on the market price.B. upward pressure on the market price.C. no purchases made.D. Both A and C are correct.E. Both B and C are correct.Chapter 3问题1 Gary Franklin is a movie critic. He invented the Franklin Scale with which he rates movies from 1 to 10 (10 being best). When asked about his scale, Mr. Franklin explained "that it is a subjective measure of movie quality. A movie with a ranking of 10 is not necessarily 10 times better than a movie with a ranking of 1, but it is better. A movie with a ranking of 5 is better than a movie with a ranking of 1, but is not as good a movie with a ranking of 10. That's all it really tells you." Based on Mr. Franklin's description, his scale is:A) ordinal but not cardinal.B) cardinal but not ordinal.C) an objective standard to judge movies.D) neither cardinal nor ordinal.问题2 Which of the following is NOT an assumption regarding people's preferences in the theory of consumer behavior?A) Preferences are complete..B) Preferences are transitive.C) Consumers prefer more of a good to less.D) All of the above are basic assumptions about consumer preferences问题3 The theory of consumer behavior is based on certain assumptions. The set of four basic assumptions includes:A) completeness.B) transitivity.C) intransitivity.D) Both A and B are correct.E) Both A and C are correct.问题4 The assumption of transitive preferences implies that indifference curves must:A) not cross one another.B) have a positive slope.C) be L-shaped.D) be convex to the origin.E) all of the above问题5 A consumer prefers market basket A to market basket B, and prefers market basket B to market basket C. Therefore, A is preferred to C. The assumption that leads to this conclusion is:A) transitivity.B) completeness.C) all goods are good.D) diminishing MRS.E) assumption of rationality.问题6 The assumption that preferences are complete:A) means that a consumer will spend her entire income.B) is unnecessary, as long as transitivity is assumed.C) recognizes that there may be pairs of market baskets that cannot be compared.D) means that the consumer can compare any two market baskets of goods and determine that either one is preferred to the other or that she is indifferent between them.问题7 If a market basket is changed by adding more of at least one good, then rational consumers will:A) rank the market basket more highly after the change.B) more likely prefer a different market basket.C) rank the market basket as being just as desirable as before.D) be unable to decide whether the first market basket is preferred to the second or vice versa.E) have indifference curves that cross.问题8 A curve that represents all combinations of market baskets that provide the same level of utility to a consumer is called:A) a budget line.B) an isoquant.C) an indifference curve.D) a demand curve.E) none of the above问题9 An upward sloping indifference curve defined over two goods violates which of the following assumptions from the theory of consumer behavior?A) transitivity.B) preferences are complete.C) more is preferred to less.D) all of the aboveE) none of the above问题10 The slope of an indifference curve reveals:A) that preferences are complete.B) the marginal rate of substitution of one good for another good.C) the ratio of market prices.D) that preferences are transitive.E) none of the above问题11 Zoe is an executive at Dell Computer Company who is in charge of designing the next version of laptop computers. She will consider such features as screen size, weight, processor speed, and CD and DVD drives. Given the fact that it is costly to include more features in new products, why might Zoe be interested in data on how much consumers paid for a range of laptops with different attributes?A) in order to estimate willingness to pay for each feature.B) in order to set an optimal price for the laptops.C) in order to determine the best features to include.D) in order to estimate willingness to trade off one feature for another.E) all of the above问题12 In what ways can economists help auto manufacturers estimate the marginal rate of substitution between features such as vehicle interior size and acceleration?A) Examining production cost dataB) Conducting consumer surveys about willingness to pay for auto featuresC) Solving the standard consumer model D) Statistically analyzing historical data on purchases of different types of autosE) B and D only问题13 Indifference curves are convex to the origin because of:A) transitivity of consumer preferences.B) the assumption of a diminishing marginal rate of substitution.C) the assumption that more is preferred to less.D) the assumption of completeness.E) none of the above问题14 Suppose that a market basket of two goods is changed by adding more of one of the goods and subtracting one unit of the other. The consumer will:A) rank the market basket more highly after the change.B) rank the market basket more highly before the change.C) rank the market basket just as desirable as before.D) any one of the above statements may be true.问题15 If indifference curves cross, then:A) the assumption of a diminishing marginal rate of substitution is violated.B) the assumption of transitivity is violated.C) the assumption of completeness is violated.D) consumers minimize their satisfaction.E) all of the above问题16 Which of the following is true about the indifference curve where one commodity (such as pollution) is "bad"?A) It has a negative slope. .B) It has a positive slope.C) It is horizontal.D) It is vertical问题17 If indifference curves are concave to the origin, which assumption on preferences is violated?A) Diminishing marginal rates of substitutionB) Transitivity of preferencesC) More is preferred to lessD) Completeness问题18 Envision a graph with meat on the horizontal axis and vegetables on the vertical axis. A strict vegetarian would have indifference curves that are:A) vertical lines.B) horizontal lines.C) diagonal straight lines.D) right angles. E) upward sloping.问题19 Mikey is very picky and insists that his mom make his breakfast with equal parts of cereal and apple juice--any other combination and it ends up on the floor. Cereal costs 4 cents per tablespoon and apple juice costs 6 cents per tablespoon. If Mikey's mom budgets $8 per month for Mikey's breakfast, how much cereal and juice does she buy?A) 40 tablespoons each of cereal and juiceB) 80 tablespoons each of cereal and juiceC) 40 tablespoons of cereal and 75 tablespoons of juiceD) 100 tablespoons of cereal and 67 tablespoons of juice问题20 Jane is trying to decide which courses to take next semester. She has narrowed down her choice to two courses, Econ 1 and Econ 2. Now she is having trouble and cannot decide which of the two courses to take. It's not that she is indifferent between the two courses, she just cannot decide. An economist would say that this is an example of preferences that:A) are not transitive.B) are incomplete.C) violate the assumption that more is preferred to less.D) all of the aboveChapter 4问题1 As we move downward along a demand curve for apples,A) consumer well-being decreases.B) the marginal utility of apples decreases.C) the marginal utility of apples increases.D) Both A and B are true.E) Both A and C are true.问题2 The change in the price of one good has no effect on the quantity demanded of another good. These goods are:A) complements.B) substitutes.C) both inferior.D) both Giffen goods.E) none of the above问题3 The price of good A goes up. As a result the demand for good B shifts to the left. From this we can infer that:A) good A is a normal good.B) good B is an inferior good.C) goods A and B are substitutes.D) goods A and B are complements.E) none of the above问题4 An individual demand curve can be derived from the ______ curve.A) price-consumptionB) price-incomeC) income-substitutionD) income-consumptionE) Engel问题5 Which of the following claims is true at each point along a price-consumption curve?A) Utility is maximized but income is not all spent.B) All income is spent, but utility is not maximized.C) Utility is maximized, and all income is spent.D) The level of utility is constant.问题6 Which of the following is true regarding income along a price-consumption curve?A) Income is increasing.B) Income is decreasing.C) Income is constant.D) The level of income depends on the level of utility.问题7 Which of the following is true regarding utility along a price-consumption curve?A) It is constant.B) It changes from point to point.C) It changes only if income changes.D) It changes only for normal goods.问题8 The income-consumption curveA) illustrates the combinations of incomes needed with various levels of consumption of a good.B) is another name for income-demand curve.C) illustrates the utility-maximizing combinations of goods associated with every income level.D) shows the utility-maximizing quantity of some good (on the horizontal axis) as a function of income (on the vertical axis).问题9 Which of the following pairs of goods are NOT complements?A) Hockey sticks and hockey pucksB) Computer CPUs and computer monitorsC) On-campus student housing and off-campus rental apartments D) all of the aboveE) none of the above问题10 Which of the following goods has a low, but positive, income elasticity of demand?A) furniture.B) new cars.C) health insurance.D) all of the aboveE) none of the above问题11 If an Engel curve has a positive slopeA) both goods are normal.B) the good on the horizontal axis is normalC) as the price of the good on the horizontal axis increases, more of both goods in consumed.D) as the price of the good on the vertical axis increases, more of the good on the horizontal axis is consumed.问题12 Which of the following pairs of goods are substitutes?A) Baseball bats and baseballsB) Hot dogs and mustardC) Computer hardware and softwareD) Gasoline and motor oilE) Owner-occupied housing and rental housing问题13 When the income-consumption curve has a positive slope throughout its entire length, we can conclude thatA) both goods are inferior.B) both goods are normal.C) the good on the vertical (y) axis is inferior.D) the good on the horizontal (x) axis is inferior问题14 Consider two goods X and Y available for consumption. Assume that the price of X changes while the price of Y remains fixed. For these two goods, the price-consumption curve illustrates theA) relationship between the price of X and consumption of Y.B) utility-maximizing combinations of X and Y for each price of X.C) relationship between the price of Y and the consumption of X.D) utility-maximizing combinations of X and Y for each quantity of X.问题15 Consider a graph on which one good Y is on the vertical axis and the only other good X is on the horizontal axis. On this graph the income-consumption curve has a positive slope for low incomes, then it takes a zero slope for a higher income, and then it takes a negative slope for even higher incomes (the curve looks like an arc, first rising and then falling as income increases). This curve illustrates that, for all income levels,A) both X and Y are normal.B) only Y is normal.C) both X and Y are inferior.D) only X is normal.问题16 According to a survey by the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, which of the following statements about annual U.S. household consumer expenditures is false?A) The income elasticity of demand for entertainment is positive.B) The income elasticity of demand for owner-occupied housing is positive.C) The income elasticity of demand for rental housing is positive.D) The income elasticity of demand for health care is positive.E) Average family expenditures increase with income.问题17 The income-consumption curve for Dana between Qa and Qb is given as: Qa = Qb. His budget constraint is given as:120 = Qa + 4QbHow much Qa will Dana consume to maximize utility?A) 0B) 24C) 30D) 60问题18 Jon's income-consumption curve is a straight line from the origin with a positive slope. Now suppose that Jon's preferences change such that his income-consumption curveremains a straight line but rotates 15 degrees clockwise. Jon's demand curve for the good on thehorizontal axisA) will shift left.B) will shift right.C) will not change.D) might do any of the above.问题19 Suppose that a consumer regards two types of soap as perfect substitutes for one another. The price consumption path generated by changing the price of one type of soapA) is always upward sloping.B) is always horizontal.C) is always vertical.D) corresponds with the axis for the cheaper soap.E) corresponds with the axis for the more expensive soap.问题20 Your income response for bicycle riding changes with the amount of income you earn. At low levels of income, you view bicycle riding as an inferior good and substitute other types of transportation (e.g., auto travel) as your income rises. However, you view bicycle riding as a normal good after your income rises above a particular level. What shape does your Engel curve for bicycle riding have?A) Vertical lineB) Horizontal lineC) C-shapedD) Upward slopingE) none of the aboveChapter 6问题1 A production function defines the output that can be producedA) at the lowest cost, given the inputs available.B) for the average firm.C) if the firm is technically efficient.D) in a given time period if no additional inputs are hired.E) as technology changes over time.问题2 A production function assumes a givenA) technology.B) set of input prices.C) ratio of input prices.D) amount of capital and labor.E) amount of output.问题3 A function that indicates the maximum output per unit of time that a firm can produce, for every combination of inputs with a given technology, is calledA) an isoquant.B) a production possibility curve.C) a production function.D) an isocost function.问题4 Which of the following inputs are variable in the long run?A) labor.B) capital and equipment.C) plant size.D) all of these.问题5 The short run isA) less than a year.B) three years.C) however long it takes to produce the planned output. D) a time period in which at least one input is fixed.E) a time period in which at least one set of outputs has been decided upon.问题6 Joe owns a small coffee shop, and his production function is q = 3KL where q is total output in cups per hour, K is the number of coffee machines (capital), and L is the number of employeeshired per hour (labor). If Joe's capital is currently fixed at K=3 machines, what is his short-run production function?A) q = 3L。

2010年暨南大学828管理学与微观经济学考研真题及详解一、单选题（每题2分，共5题）1．“世界上唯一不变的就是变化”，这一说法与以下（）理论最为接近？A．科学管理理论B. 系统理论C. 权变理论D. 情境理论C【考点】权变理论【答案解析】题干中说明变化是必然的，与权变理论是最为接近的。

权变理论指组织不同，面对的情景不同，可能要求不同的管理方式。

强调不存在简单的和普遍使用的管理原则。

2．一般来说，高层管理人员的决策倾向于：（）A．战略性、程序化和确定性B．战略性、非程序化和不确定性C．战术性、程序化和不确定性D．战术性、非程序化和确定性B【考点】决策【答案解析】高层管理者决策倾向是战略性、非程序化和不确定化；基层管理者的决策是战术性、程序化和确定性；从组织高层到底层，管理者的工作会越具体越明确。

3．判断一个组织分权程度的主要依据是：（）A．按地区设置多个区域性部分B．设置多个中层的职能机构C．管理幅度、管理层次增加D．命令权的下放程度D【考点】分权【答案解析】集权化指的是决策集中于组织中某一点的程度。

描述组织高层进行决策制定的集中程度，分权化是指底层人员提供决策投入或者实际做出决策的程度。

4．以下的关系匹配中，（）正确。

A. 费德勒模型——下属成熟度B. 情境领导理论——最难共事者问卷C. 特质理论——管理方格D. 路径目标理论——环境与下属的权变因素D【考点】领导理论【答案解析】对于A选项，情境理论是由赫塞和布兰查德加以发展的一个关注下属成熟度的权变理论；对于B选项，领导者在运用费德勒权变理论，首先领导者通过最难共事者问卷应知道自己的领导风格属于任务导向型还是人际关系型；对于C选项，领导行为理论包括管理方格论；路径目标理论认为有效的领导者通过指明道路与途径可以帮助下属实现他们的工作目标，并通过为下属清理路程中的各项障碍和危险使下属的旅程更为容易。

其中路径-目标理论提出了两大类情景（或权变）变量作为影响领导行为结果之间关系的中间变量：环境与下属的权变理论。