江西财经大学1001英语2019年考博初试真题

江西财经大学大一英语考试考卷江西财经大学07－08学年第二学期期末考试试卷试卷代码： 04586A 授课课时：96课程名称：基础英语IV适用对象：06级英语专业本科班试卷命题人刘有发试卷审核人李莉Part I Reading Comprehension (2’X 20 = 40’)Directions: There are 4 reading passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre. Passage 1Questions 1 to 5 are based on the following passage.Normally a student must attend a certain number of courses in order to graduate, and each course which he attends gives him a credit which he may count towards a degree. In many American universities the total work for a degree consists of thirty-six courses each lasting for one semester. A typical course consists of three classes per week for fifteen weeks; while attending a university a student will probably attend four or five courses during each semester. Normally a student would expect to take four years attending two semesters each year. It is possible to spreadthe period of work for the degree over a longer period. It is also possible for a student to move between one university and another during his degree course, though this is not in fact done as a regular practice.For every course that he follows a student is given a grade,which is recorded, and the record is available for the student to show to prospective employers.All this imposes a constant pressure and strain of work, but in spite of this some students still find time for great activity in student affairs. Elections to positions in student organizations arouse much enthusiasm. The effective work of maintaining discipline is usually performed by students who advise the academic authorities. Any student who is thought to have broken the rules, for example, by cheating has to appear before a student court. With the enormous numbers of students, the operation of the system does involve a certain amount of activity. A student who has held one of these positions of authority is much respected and it will be of benefit to him later in his career.1. Normally a student would at least attend ____ classes each week.A）36 B) 12 C) 20 D) 152. According to the first paragraph, an American student is allowed ____.A）to live in a different universityB) to take a particular course in a different universityC) to live at home and drive to classesD) to get two degrees from two different universities3. American university students are usually under pressure of work because ____.A）their academic performance will affect their future careersB) they are heavily involved in student affairsC) they have to run for positions of authorityD) they have to attend a lot of classes4. Some students are enthusiastic for positions in studentorganizations probablybecause ____.A）they hate the constant pressure and strain of their studyB) they will then be able to stay longer in the universityC) such positions help them get better jobsD) such positions are usually well paid5. The student organizations seem to be effective in ____.A）dealing with the academic affairs of the universityB) ensuring that the students observe university regulationsC) evaluating students’performance by bringing them before a courtD) keeping up the students’enthusiasm for social activitiesPassage 2Questions 6 to 10 are based on the following passage.Television can help us see the pattern of American life and understand the events that unite or dived us.Consider an example of the deaths of the political leaders, including John F. Kennedy, Martin Luther King, Jr. and Robert Kennedy. These deaths caused a profound unification of the whole nation. Therefore the whole nation shared the experience of grief and shame. Television let us intensely and dramatically participates in these historical events. Though it we are jointed with other people for a few electric moments.But television can also divide us from each other. The dividing has occurred in confrontations between young and old, radicals and conservatives, police and students, blacks and whites, and hawks and doves. These confrontations have dramatized the feeling beneath the surface of society. They have shown Americans in conflicts, which stem from our policy in Southeast Asia and range to the busing of school children. Suchevents have provided an opportunity for bigots(抱偏见的人)，who promote stereotyped thinking. And these confrontations have infected our social and emotional wounds.So television does more than transmit movies, weather, sports and variety shows. It helps shape our feeling toward each other and ourselves, and some time unites us, and sometimes divides us.6. Television can help us take part in ___________A) Electric momentsB) Historical eventsC) Emotional woundsD) Stereotyped thinking7. Television can also make worse ___________A) The social contradictionB) The surface of societyC) Conservative thinkingD) Grief and shame8.The confrontations are only welcomed by those who are __________A) Infected by the social woundsB) Going to shape their feeling toward themselvesC) Obstinately devoted to their own beliefD) Providing the opportunity for thinking9.Which of the following statements is true?A) Some political leaders were once bigots.B) Television sometimes transmit more movies than historical eventsC) Confrontations are the sign of divisionD) Television often provides stereotyped thinking10.A suitable title for this passage would be_________A) Social Unity and DivisionB) Television’s ConflictsC) Unification and ConfrontationsD) Television’s Social InfluencePassage 3Questions 11 to 15 are based on the following passage:My father’s reaction to the bank bu ilding at 43rd Street and Fifth Avenue in New York city was immediate and definite: “You won’t catch me putting my money in there!” he declared, “Not in that glass box!”Of course, my father is a gentleman of the old school, a member of the generationto whom a good deal of modern architecture is upsetting, but I am convinced that his negative response was not so much to the architecture as to a violation of his concept of the nature of money.In his generation money was thought of as a real commodity （实物） that could be carried, or stolen. Consequently, to attract the custom of a sensible man, a bank had to have heavy walls, barred windows, and bronze doors, to affirm the fact, however untrue, that money would be safe inside. If a building s design made it appear impenetrable, the institution was necessarily reliable, and the meaning of the heavy wall as an architecture symbol dwelt in the prevailing attitude toward money.But the attitude toward money has, of course, changed. Excepting pocket money, cash of any kind is now rarely used; money as a tangible commodity has largely been replaced by credit. A deficit（赤字）economy, accompanied by huge expansion, has led us to think of money as product of the creative imagination. The banker no longer offers us a safe: he offers us aservice in which the most valuable element is the creativity for the invention of large numbers. It is in no way surprising, in view of this change in attitude, that we are witnessing the disappearance of the heavy walled bank.Just as the older bank emphasized its strength, this bank by its architecture boasts of imaginative powers. From this point of view it is hard to say where architecture ends and human assertion（人们的说法） begins.11. The main idea of this passage is that _____.A） money is not as valuable as it was in the pastB） changes have taken place in both the appearance and the concept of banks C） the architectural style of the older bank is superior to that of the modern bankD）prejudice makes the older generation think that the modern bank is unreliable 12. How do the older generation and the younger one think about money?A） The former thinks more of money than the latter.B）The younger generation values money more than the older generation.C）Both generations rely on the imaginative power of bankers to make money. D）To the former money is a real commodity but to the latter the means of producing more money.13. The word “tangible”（Line 2, Para. 4 ）refers to something _____.A） that is preciousB） that is usableC） that can be touchedD） that can be reproduced14. According to this passage, a modern banker should be _____.A） ambitious and friendlyB） reliable and powerfulC） sensible and impenetrableD） imaginative and creative15. It can be inferred from the passage that the author\’s attitude towards the new trend in banking is _____.A） cautious B） regretful C） positive D） hostilePassage 4Questions 16 to 20 are based on the following passage:According to sociologists, there are several different ways in which a person may become recognized as the leader of a social group. In the family, traditional cultural patterns confer leadership on one or both of the parents. In other cases, such as friendship groups, one or more persons may gradually emerge as leaders, although there is no formal process of selection. In larger groups, leaders are usually chosen formally through election or recruitment.Although leaders are often thought to be people with unusual personal ability, decades of research have failed to produce consistent evidence that there is any category of “natural leaders”. It seems that there is no set of personal qualities that all leaders have in common; rather, virtually any person may be recognized as a leader if the person has qualities that meet the needs of that particular group.Research suggests that there are typically two different leadership roles that are held by different individuals. Instrumental leadership is leadership that emphasizes the completion of tasks by a social group. Group members look to in strumental leaders to “get things done”. Expressive leadership, on the other hand, is leadership that emphasizes thecollective well beings of a social group’s members. Expressive leaders are less concerned with the overall goals of the group than with providing emotional support to group members and attempting to minimize tension and conflict among them.Instrumental leaders are likely to have a rather secondary relationship to other group members. They give others and may discipline group members who inhibit（阻碍）attainment of the group’s goals. Expressive leaders cultivate a more personal or primary relationship to others in the group. They offer sympathy when someone experiences difficulties and try to resolve issues that threaten to divide the group. As the difference in these two roles suggest, expressive leaders generally receive more personal affection from group members; instrumental leaders, if they are successful in promoting group goals, may enjoy a more distant respect.16. What does the passage mainly discuss?A） The problems faced by leaders.B） How leadership differs in small and large groups.C） How social groups determine who will lead them.D） The role of leaders in social groups.17. The passage mentions all of the following ways by which people can become leaders EXCEPT ————.A） recruitmentB） formal election processC） specific leadership trainingD） traditional cultural patterns18. Which of the following statements about leadership can be inferred from paragraph 2?A） person who is an effective leader of a particular group may not be an effective leader in another group.B）Few people succeed in sharing a leadership role with another person.C） A person can best learn how to be an effective leader by studying research on leadership.D） Most people desire to be leaders but can produce little evidence of their qualifications.19. In mentioning “natural leaders” in line 7, the author is making the point that _____.A）few people qualify as “natural leaders”B）there is no proof that “natural leaders” existC）“natural leaders” are easily accepted by the members of a groupD）“natural leaders” share a similar set of characteristics20. The passage indicates that instrumental leaders generally focus on _______.A） ensuring harmonious relationshipsB） sharing responsibility with group membersC） identifying new leadersD） achieving a goalPart II Vocabulary and Structure (0.5’X 30 = 15’?)Directions:There are 30 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.21．When ______ with a new situation, a resilient person is likely to come up with successful solution.A) confronted B) confronting C) was confronted D)being confronted22. _____ is always the case, the darkest hour comes beforethe dawn.A) That B)It C)As D)What23. Let’s go over the monthly sales figures once again, _____?A)do we B)shall we C)w on’t we D)can we24. The prime Minister walked onto the platform and seated herself in a chair, _____to answer questions.A)had prepared B)being prepared C)prepared D)preparing25. Galileo’s opponents found an excuse to have him_______ from the Universityof Pisa.A)be dismissed B)dismissing C)been dismissed D)dismissed26. The old man strolled to the beach, ______.A)his dog following him B)his dog followed himC)his dog was followed D)following by his dog27. His sudden Blindness _____ him _____ the joy of seeing the beautiful world.A)robbed; of B)deprived; with C)robbed; off D)denied; of28. You shouldn’t sleep ______ when you are still sweating, with every pore ofyour body open _______ the cool air.A)out at the open; in B)out to the open; forC)out in the open; to D)out of the open; to29.It’s no use _______ about it now.A)to complain B)complainingC)to be complaining D)having complained30.Those ______ admission to NATO are______ the final decision this coming fall.A)looking for; waiting for B)seeking for; expectingC)seeking; awaiting D)applying for; awaiting for31.If it ______ Professor Johnson’s recommendation, I wouldn’t have been admittedto graduate school.A)weren’t for B)hadn’t been for C)weren’t D)hadn’t been32.Having been invited to go camping, _______.A)a new sleeping bag was ordered for PaulB) a new sleeping bag was ordered by PaulC)Paul ordered a new sleeping bagD) Paul ordered for a new sleeping bag33. Young people look for variety, challenge and opportunity ______ reward in theirfuture lives.A)also B)in addition C)as well as D)too34.He felt honoured to meet _______ Professor Wang.A)such accomplished a scholar as B)such an accomplished scholar likeC)so accomplished a scholar as D)a so accomplished scholar like35.Growth means change and change involves risks, ______ from the known to theunknown.A)having stepped B)to step C)stepped D)stepping36. You need to rewrite this sentence because it is __________; the readers willhave difficulty in understanding it.A. comprehensiveB. alternativeC. deliberateD. ambiguous37. His parents never intended ___________ together with him though they hoped tosee him often.A. liveB. livingC. to have livedD. to be living38. The poetry of Ezra Pound is sometimes difficult to understand because itcontains so many __________ references.A. obscureB. acuteC. notableD. objective39. It is warm __________ food.A. enough to defrost the freezingB. to defrost enough the freezingC. enough to defrost the frozenD. to enough defrost the frozen40. The moment my mother came home after a day’s work, she lit th e fire and ______making the soup.A. set asideB. set aboutC. set offD. set up41. While I am on holiday, ring me at my hotel only if there are any _________ messages for me.A. urgentB. hastyC. earlyD. confident42. The chairperson was very angry when the executive committee members __________late for the meeting.A. turned inB. turned upC. turned outD. turned over43. These instructions are important, so listen while I __________ them again.A. put throughB. go withC. take onD. run over44. I’m interested in a detailed __________ of your trip.A. explanationB. messageC. descriptionD. statement45. __________ for more than five to seven minutes, the brain will be subjectedto irreversible damage.A. Oxygen once deprived ofB. Once deprived of oxygenC. Deprived of oxygen onceD. Once oxygen deprived of46.The sudden bankruptcy of these financial giants threw the investors ______ andcaused them to ______.A.in panic, stampedeB. in pain, panicC. in confusion, hold their stocksD. in despair, withdraw gradually47.There were resources, such as coal, iron, gold and copper, deep underground,but they remained ______ for much of the country’s early history.A. undiscoveringB. undiscoveredC. to be undiscoveringD. being undiscovered48.The young man _____ a _____ boy yesterday was commended and awarded by the localgovernment.A. saving, drowningB. saving, drownedC. who saved, drowningD. who saved, drowned49. It suddenly ______ her mind that after she _____ the baby they would have tofind a nurse.A. crossed; give birth toB. occurred to; boreC. struck; gave birth ofD. came across; raised50. He adapted himself to the changing ___________ of society.A. phasesB. timeC. peopleD. economyPart Ⅲ Cloze (0.5’X 20 = 10’)Directions:There are twenty blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A, B, C and D beneath the passage. You should choose the ONE answer that best fits into the passage. Then blacken the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.All life is sound. We are constantly 51 by sounds and noises made by nature and everything in 52 . For thousands of years man 53 speaking and singing,and thanks to his wonderfully 54 ear, perceiving sounds and noised, 55 they are but a small part of the inconceivable 56 of sounds filling the universe. Children everywhere and almost without 57are born with musical abilities, with voices, and with hearing. The difference lies merely 58what they do with these gifts. That 59 according to temperament, upbringing, nationality, and time.Nature itself is full of 60 , full of music. Musical sounds existed millions of years 61there was a human ear to hear 62 ; the soft bubbling of the water, the roll of 63 the whispering and rustling of 64 in the wind and 65 knows how many other audible manifestations of nature. Man was 66 into a world of sound. Thunder filled him with fear and became a 67 of supernatural powers. In the roar of the wind he heard the voice of demons. Dwellers at the seashore 68 the temper of the gods by the sound of the waves. Religious and music 69 inseparable 70 the dawn of humanity.A. surroundedB. surrenderedD. bound51.52A. thisB. itC. thereD. here.53A. has beenB. had beenC. wasD. is.54A. constructionB. constructiveC. constructingD. constructed .A. yetB. evenC. soD. although55.A. richesB. sourceC. wealth56.57A. experienceB. knowledgeC. exceptionD. foundation .A. beyondB. atC. onD. in58.59A. variesB. differsC. contradictsD. contrasts .A. noiseB. soundC. musicD. gifts60.61A. whenB. beforeC. agoD. while.62A. soundB. musicC. themD. it.。

江西财经大学学位英语考试真题The Jiangxi University of Finance and Economics (JUFE) Degree English Exam is a crucial milestone for students seeking to graduate with honors. This exam not only tests the students' proficiency in English but also their ability to apply their knowledge in academic settings. In this article, we delve into the real exam questions from JUFE's Degree English Exam, discussing the key themes, common pitfalls, and effective study strategies.**Exam Overview and Key Themes**JUFE's Degree English Exam typically covers a wide range of topics, including reading comprehension, vocabulary and grammar, writing skills, and listening comprehension. Reading comprehension questions often focus on passages from various academic disciplines, requiring students to analyze and interpret complex information. Vocabulary and grammar questions test the students' fundamental knowledge of the English language, whilewriting questions assess their ability to express ideas clearly and coherently. Listening comprehension questionschallenge the students' ability to understand spoken English in academic settings.**Common Pitfalls and Strategies**One common pitfall students fall into is ignoring the importance of vocabulary and grammar. A solid foundation in these areas is crucial for success in the exam. Students should make regular efforts to expand their vocabulary and brush up on their grammar rules. Another pitfall is failing to practice writing regularly. Writing skills are honed through practice, so students should allocate time for writing practice in their study plans.**Effective Study Strategies**To prepare effectively for the exam, students should follow a structured study plan. This plan should include regular reviews of vocabulary and grammar, practice in reading comprehension and writing skills, and exposure to listening materials. Additionally, students should take mock tests to familiarize themselves with the exam format and timing.**Conclusion**Preparing for the Jiangxi University of Finance and Economics Degree English Exam requires a comprehensive understanding of the exam's structure and content, as well as effective study strategies. By focusing on key themes, avoiding common pitfalls, and implementing structured study plans, students can increase their chances of success in this challenging exam.**江西财经大学学位英语考试真题深度解析与学习策略** 江西财经大学（江财）学位英语考试对于学生而言，是毕业荣誉的重要里程碑。

考博英语分类模拟题2019年(33)(总分30, 做题时间90分钟)Reading ComprehensionPassage OneOne of the most authoritative voices speaking to us today is of course the voice of the advertisers. Its strident clamour dominates our lives. It shouts at us from the television screen and the radio loudspeakers; waves to us from every page of the newspaper; plucks at our sleeves on the escalator; signals to us from the roadside billboards all day and flashes messages to us in coloured lights all night. It has forced on us a whole new conception of the successful man as a man no less than 20% of whose mail consists of announcements of giant carpet sales.Advertising has been among England's biggest growth industries since the war, in terms of the ratio of money earnings to demonstrable achievement. Why all this fantastic expenditure?Perhaps the answer is that advertising saves the manufacturers from having to think about the customer. At the stage of designing and developing a product, there is quite enough to think about without worrying over whether anybody will want to buy it. The designer is busy enough without adding customer-appeal to all his other problems of man-hours and machine tolerances and stress factors. So they just go ahead and make the thing and leave it to the advertiser to find eleven ways of making it appeal to purchasersafter they have finished it, by pretending that it confers status, or attracts love, or signifies manliness. If the advertising agency can do this authoritatively enough, the manufacturer is in clover.Other manufacturers find advertising saves them changing their product. And manufacturers hate change. The ideal product is one which goes on unchanged for ever. If, therefore, for one reason or another, some alteration seems called for—how much better to change the image, the packet or pile pitch made by the product, rather than go to all the inconvenience of changing the product itself.The advertising man has to combine the qualities of the three most authoritative professions: Church, Bar and Medicine. The great skill required of our priests, most highly developed in missionaries but present, indeed mandatory, in all, is the skill of getting people to believe in and contribute money to something which can never be logically proved. At the Bar, an essential ability is that of presenting the most persuasive case you can to a jury of ordinary people, with emotional appeals masquerading as logical exposition; a case you do not necessarily have to believe in yourself, just one you have studiously avoided discovering to be false. As for medicine, anydoctor will confirm that a large part of his job is not clinical treatment but faith healing. His apparently scientific approach enables his patients to believe that he knows exactly what is wrong with them and exactly what they need to put the right, just as advertising does—"Run down? You need..." "No one will dance with you? A dab of... will make you popular."Advertising man use statistics rather like a drunk uses a lamp-post for support rater than illumination. They will dress anyone up in a white coat to appear like an <em>unimpeachable</em> authority or, failing that, they will even be happy with the announcement, "As used by 90% of the actors who play doctors on television." Their engaging quality is that they enjoy having their latest ruses uncovered almost as much as anyone else.SSS_SIMPLE_SIN1.According to the passage, modern advertising is "authoritative" because of the way it ______.•** our image of the kind of person we ought to be like•** with the privacy of our home life•** forces us into buying things we don't want** us no matter where we travelA B C D该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 1.5答案:D根据文章第一段“Its strident clamour dominates our lives. It shouts at us from the television screen and the radio loudspeakers; waves to us from every page of the newspaper; plucks at our sleeves on the escalator; signals to us from the roadside billboards all day and flashe s messages to us in coloured lights all night.”可知，它的喧嚣主宰着我们的生活。

江西财经大学考博英语翻译真题及其解析1.1997年英译汉试题及参考译文：Do animals have rights?This is how the question is usually put.It sounds like a useful，ground-clearing way to start.（71）Actually，it isnt，because it assumes that there is an agreed account of human rights，which is something the world does not have.On one view of rights，to be sure，it necessarily follows that animals have none.72）Some philosophers argue that rights exist only within a social contract，as part of an exchange of duties and entitlements.Therefore，animals cannot have rights.The idea of Geng duo yuan xiao wan zheng kao bo ying yu zhen ti ji qi jie xi qing lian xi quan guo mian fei zi xun dian hua:si ling ling liu liu ba liu jiu qi ba,huo jia zi xun qq:qi qi er liu qi ba wu san qi punishing a tiger that kills somebody is absurd，for exactly the same reason，so is the idea that tigers have ringhts.However，this is only one account，and by no means an uncontested one.It denies rights not only to animals but also to some people―for instance，to infants，the mentally incapable and future generations.In addition，it is unclear what force a contract can have for people who never consented to it:how do you reply to somebody who saysI dont like this contract?The point is this without agreement on the rights of people，arguing about the rights of animals is fruitless.（73）It leads the discussion to extremes at the outset:it invites you to think that animals should be treated either with the consideration humans extend to other humans，or with no consideration at all.This is a falsechoice.Better to start with another，more fundamental question:is the way we treat animals a moral issue at all?Many deny it.（74）Arguing from the view that humans are different from animals in every relevant respect，extremists of this kind think that animals lie outside the area of moral choice.Any regard for the suffering of animals is seen as a mistake―a sentimental displacement of feeling that should properly be directed to other humans.This view，which holds that torturing a monkey is morally equivalent to chopping wood，may seem bravelylogical.In fact it is simply shallow:the ethical equivalent of learning to crawl―is to weigh others interests against one s own.This in turn requires sympathy and imagination:without which there is no capacity for moral thought.To see an animal in pain is enough，for most，to engage sympathy.（75）When that happens，it is not a mistake:it is mankinds instinct for moral reasoning in action，an instinct that should be encouraged rather than laughed at.1997年英译汉试题参考译文:动物有权力吗?问题通常就是这样提出的。

2022年考研考博-考博英语-江西财经大学考试预测题精选专练VII（附带答案）第1套一.综合题(共25题)1.单选题Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word or phrase for each numbered blank from the four choices marked A, B, C or D and write the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.Public officials and candidates for public offices routinely use public opinion polls to keep（31）of what the people are thinking. An important question is the degree to which these polls should guide leaders（32）their actions. There are arguments for and against the use of polls as the basis for policy（33）.Polls can contribute to effective government by keeping political leaders from getting too far（34）line with the public’s thinking. In a democratic society, the effectives of a public policy depends on the extent of its public（35）. When a policy is contrary to the public’s desires, people may choose to（36）or undermined it, thus making it counterproductive or inefficient. Furthermore, when government（37）a course of action with which a large proportion of the public disagrees, it（38）a loss of public confidence, which can have a negative effect on its ability to lead. The Reagan administration, flying high from 1981 to 1985, was brought low in 1986 by public reaction to news of its secret sales of weapons to Iran. The administration had not paid（39）attention to polls that had revealed the deep antagonism Americans still felt toward Iran because the Ayatollah Khomeini’s regime had held three American hostages.However, leaders can also do a disservice to the public they represent by using poll results as a（40）for policy judgment. Effective government, as Walter Lippmann wrote, cannot be conducted by legislators and officials who, when a question is presented, ask themselves first and last not what is the truth and which is the right and necessary course.问题1选项A.traceB.tradeC.trackD.trap问题2选项A.withB.toC.forD.in问题3选项A.determinationB.conclusionC.decisionD.choice问题4选项A.fromB.byC.atD.about问题5选项A.admissionB.supportC.disagreementD.reaction问题6选项A.disputeB.disregardC.disrespectD.disrupt问题7选项A.continuesB.carries onC.embarksD.pursues问题8选项A.risksB.costsC.makesD.endangers问题9选项A.efficiencyB.effectiveC.sufficientD.scarce问题10选项A.replacementB.substituteC.changeD.diversity【答案】第1题:C第2题:D第3题:A第4题:A第5题:B第6题:B第7题:D第8题:A第9题:D第10题:B【解析】31、【试题答案】C【试题解析】考查名词与词组辨析。

考博英语分类模拟题2019年(38)(总分57.5, 做题时间90分钟)Part Ⅰ Reading ComprehensionPassage OneWhat are those of us who have chosen careers in science and engineering able to do about our current problems?First, we can help destroy the false impression that science and engineering have caused the current world trouble. On the contrary, science and engineering have made vast contributions to better living for more people.Second, we can identify the many areas in which science and technology, more considerably used, can be of great service in the future than in the past to improve the quality of life. While we can make many speeches, and pass many laws, the quality of our environment will be improved only through better knowledge and better application of that knowledge.Third, we can recognize that much of the dissatisfaction we suffer today results from our very successes of former years. We have been so greatly successful in attaining material goals that we are deeply dissatisfied that we cannot attain other goals more rapidly. We have achieved a better life for most people, but we are unhappy that we have not spread it to all people. We have reduced many sources of environmental disasters, but we are unhappy that we have not conquered all of them. It is our raised expectations rather than our failures which now cause our distress.Granted that many of our current problems must be cured more by social, political, and economic instruments than science and technology, yet science and technology must still be the tools to make further advances in such things as clean air, clean water,better transportation, better medical care, more adequate welfare programs, purer food, conservation resources, and many other areas.SSS_SIMPLE_SIN1.The author thinks that science and technology ______.•** caused the current world problems•** made life better for more people•**, if not in the past, better people's life in the future** not bring a better life for most peopleA B C D该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 1.5答案:B第二段指出，有人认为，科学与技术造成了当今世界的许多问题，对这种错误认识，科技工程人员有义务加以纠正。

江西财经大学考博英语模拟试题解析Part I Structure and VocabularySection ADirections:Beneath each of the following sentences,there are four choices marked[A],[B],[C]and[D],Choose the one that best completes the sentence.Mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET1by black-Example:I have been to the Great Wall three times____1979.[A]from[B]after[C]for[D]sinceThe sentence should read,"I have been to the Great Wall three times since1979."Therefore,you should choose[D]Sample Answer[A][B][C][D]1.As I'll be away for at least a year,I'd appreciate____from you now and then telling me how everyone is getting along.[A]hearing[B]to hear[C]to be hearing[D]having heard Geng duo yuan xiao wan zheng kao bo ying yu zhen ti ji qi jie xi huo kao bo fu dao ti yan qing lian xi quan guo mian fei zi xun dian hua:si ling ling liu liu ba liu jiu qi ba,huo jia zi xun qq:qi qi er liu qi ba wu san qi.2.Greatly agitated,I rushed to the apartment and tried the door, ___to find it locked.[A]just[B]only[C]hence[D]thus3.Doctors see a connection between increase amounts of leisure time spent___and the increased number of cases of skin cancer.[A]to sunbathe[B]to have sunbathed[C]having sunbathed[D]sunbathing4.Unless you sign a contract with the insurance company for your goods,you are not entitled____a repayment for the goods damaged in delivery.[A]to[B]with[C]for[D]on5.On a rainy day I was driving north through Vermont____I noticeda young man holding up a sign reading"Boston".[A]which[B]where[C]when[D]that6.Christie stared angrily at her boos and turned away,as though____out of the office.[A]went[B]gone[C]to go[D]would go7.The roles expected___old people in such a setting give too few psychological satisfactions for normal happiness.[A]of[B]on[C]to[D]with8.Talk to anyone in the drug industry,____you'll soon discover that the science of genetics is the biggest thing to hit drug research since penicillin was discovered.[A]or[B]and[C]for[D]so9.It wasn't so much that I disliked her___that I just wasn't interested in the whole business.[A]rather[B]so[C]than[D]as10.Countless divouced politicians would have been elected out of office years ago had they even thought of a divouce,let alone___one.[A]getting[B]to get[C]gotten[D]getSection BDirections:Each of the following sentences has four underlined parts marked[A],[B],[C],and[D].Identify the part of the sentence that is incorrect and mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET1by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil.（5points）Example:A number of[A]foreign visitors were taken[B]to the industrial exhibition,which[C]they saw[D]many new products.Answer[C]is wrong.The sentence should read,"A number of foreign visitors were taken to the industrial exhibition,where they saw many new products."So you should choose[C].Sample Answer[A][B][C][D]11.Having isolated[A]on a remote island,with[B]little work to occupy[C]them,the soldiers suffered from boredom and low spirits[D].12.If the letter to be mailed[A]was placed[B]on the writing table an hour ago,it is[C]certain being[D]there now.13.The ruling[A]party could even lose its[B]majority in the lower house of parliament,started[C]a period of prolonged struggling[D].14.The mechanisms at[A]work are manifest[B]in the tendencyfor such physical activity to[C]utilize the potential[D]harmful constituents of the stress response.15.In[A]the long run,however,this hurry to shed[B]full time staff may be more[C]harmful to industry as it is to[D]the workforce.16.See to it[A]that you include in[B]the examination paper whatever[C]questions they didn't know the answer[D]last time.17.Most newspapers,while devoting[A]the major part of its[B] space to recent events,usually manage to find room[C]on the inside pages for articles on[D]some interesting topics.18.One sign by which[A]you are making progress in an art[B] such as painting or photography is that[C]you begin to realize how much there is[D]to learn.19.The ideal listener stays both inside and outside[A]the music at the moment it is played and enjoying[B]it almost as much as[C] the composer at the moment he composes[D].20.Continued[A]exposure to stress has been linked to worsened[B]functioning of the immune system,leaving[C]a person more liable for[D]infection.Section CDirections:Beneath each of the following sentences,there four choices marked[A],[B],[C]and[D].Choose the one that best completes the sentenec.Mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET1by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil.（10points）Example:The lost car of the Lees was found____in the woods off the highway.[A]vanished[B]scattered[C]abandoned[D]rejectedThe sentence should read,"The lost car of the Lees was found abandoned in the woods off the highway."Therefore,you should choose[C].Sample Answer[A][B][C][D]21.He spoke so___that even his opponents were won over by his arguments.[A]bluntly[B]convincingly[C]emphatically[D]determinedly22.France's____of nuclear testing in the South Pacific last month triggered political debates and mass demonstrations.[A]assumption[B]consumption[C]presumption[D]resumption23.The215-page manuscript,circulated to publishers last October,____an outburst of interest.[A]flared[B]glittered[C]sparked[D]flashed24.His efforts to bring about a reconciliation between the two Parties_____.[A]came off[B]came on[C]came round[D]came down25.The system was redesigned to embrace the network andeventually____it in a profitable direction.[A]adapt[B]control[C]install[D]steer26.The capital intended to broaden the export base and____efficiency gains from international trade was channeled instead into uneconomic import substitution.[A]secure[B]extend[C]defend[D]possess27.It is announced that a wallet has been found and can be____ at the manager's office.[A]declared[B]obtained[C]reclaimed[D]recognized28.When I___my senses,I found myself wrapped up in bed in my little room,with Grandma bending over me.[A]woke up[B]took to[C]picked up[D]came to29.The American society is___an exceedingly shaky foundation of natural resources,which is connected with the possibility of a worsening environment.[A]established on[B]affiliated to[C]originated from[D]incorporated with30.I am not_____with my roommate but I have to share the room with her,because I have nowhere else to live.[A]concerned[B]compatible[C]considerate[D]complied31.At first,the____of color pictures over a long distance seemed impossible,but,with painstaking efforts and at great expense,it became a reality.[A]transaction[B]transmission[C]transformation[D]transition32.When the committee_____to details,the proposed plan seemed impractical.[A]got down[B]set about[C]went off[D]came up33.____to some parts of South America is still difficult,because parts of the continent are still covered with thick forests.[A]Orientation[B]Access[C]Procession[D]Voyage34.Mr Smith had an unusual_____:he was first an office clerk, the a sailor,and ended up as a school teacher.[A]profession[B]occupation[C]position[D]career35.The mayor is a woman with great____and therefore deserves our political and financial support.[A]intention[B]instinct[C]intgrity[D]intensity36.The English weather defies forecast and hence is a source of interest____to everyone.[A]speculation[B]attribution[C]utilization[D]proposition37.The fact that the golden eagle usually builds its nest on some high cliffs___it almost impossible to obtain the eggs or the young birds.[A]renders[B]reckons[C]regards[D]relates38.To impress a future employer,one should dress neatly be____, and display in the job.[A]swift[B]instant[C]timely[D]punctual39.You don't have to install this radio in your new car,it'san_____extra.[A]excessive[B]optional[C]additional[D]arbitrary40.We were pleased to note that the early morning delivery didn't______to the traffic jam of the busy city.[A]aid[B]amount[C]add[D]attributePartⅡCloze TestDirections:For each numbered blank in following passage,there are four choices marked[A],[B],[C]and[D].Choose the best one and mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET1by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil.（10points）If a farmer wishes to succeed,he must try to keep a wide gap between his consumption and his production.He must store a large quantity of grain41consuming all his grain immediately.He can continue to support himself and his family42he produces a surplus. He must use this surplus in three ways:as seed for sowing,as an insurance43the unpredictable effects of bad weather and as a commodity which he must sell in order to44old agricultural implements and obtain chemical fertilizers to45the soil.He may also need money to construct irrigation46and improve his farm in other ways.If no surplus is available,a farmer cannot be47.He must either sell some of hi loans.Naturallyhe will try to borrow money at a low 49of interest,but loans of this kind are not50obtainable.41.[A]other than[B]as well as[C]instead of[D]more than42.[Aonly if[B]much as[C]long before[D]ever since43.[A]for[B]against[C]supplement[D]dispose44.[A]replace[B]purchase[C]supplement[D]dispose45.[A]enhance[B]mix[C]feed[D]raise46.[A]vessels[B]routes[C]paths[D]channels47.[A]self-confident[B]self-sufficient[C]self-satisfied[D]self-restrained48.[A]search[B]save[C]offer[D]seek49.[A]proportion[B]percentage[C]rate[D]ratio50.[A]genuinely[B]obviously[C]presumably[D]frequentlyPartⅢReading ComprehensionDirections:Each of the passages below is followed by some questions.For each question there are four answers marked[A],[B][C]and[D].Read the passages carefully and choose the best answer to each of the questions. Then mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET1by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil.（40points）Passage1A history of long and effortless success can be a dreadful handicap,but,if properly handled,it may become a driving force. When the United States entered just such a glowing period after the end of the Second World War,it had a market eight ties larger than any competitor,giving its industries unparalleled economies of scale.Its scientists were the world's best,its workers the most skilled. America and Americans were prosperous beyond the dreams of the Europeans and Asians whose economies the war had destroyed.It was inevitable that this primacy should have narrowed as other countries grew richer.Just as inevitably,the retreat from predominance proved painful.By the mid-1980s Americans had found themselves at a loss over their fading industrial competitiveness. Some huge American industries,such as consumer electronics,had shrunk or vanished in the face of foreign competition.By1987there was only one American television maker left,Zenith.（Now there is none:Zenith was bought by South Korea's LG Electronics in July.）Foreign-made cars and textiles were sweeping into the domestic market America's machine-tool industry was on the ropes.For a while it looked as though the making of semiconductors,which America had which sat at the heart of the new computer age,was going to be the next casualty.All of this caused a crisis of confidence.Americans stopped taking prosperity for granted.They began to believe that their way of doing business was failing,and that their incomes would therefore shortly begin to fall as well.The mid-1980s brought one inquiry after another into the causes of America's industrial decline.Their sometimes sensational findings were filled with warnings about the growing competition from overseas.How things have changed!In1995the United States can look backon five years of solid growth while Japan has been struggling.Few Americans attribute this solely to such obvious causes as a devalued dollar or the turning of the business cycle.Self-doubt has yielded to blind pride."American industry has changed its structure,has gone on a diet,has learnt to be more quick-witted,"according to Richard Cavanagh,executive dean of Harvard's Kennedy School of Government, "It makes me proud to be an American just to see how our businesses are improving their productivity,says Stephen Moore of the Cato Institute,a think-tank in Washington,DC.And William Sahlman of the Harvard Business School believes that people will look back on this period as"a golden age of business management in the United States."51.The U.S.achieved its predominance after WorldWarⅡbecause_____.[A]it had made painstaking efforts towards this goal[B]its domestic market was eight times larger than before[C]the war had destroyed the economies of most potential competitors[D]the unparalleled size of its workforce had given an impetus to its economy52.The loss of U.S.predominance in the world economy in the1980s is manifested in the fact that the American_____.[A]TV industry had withdrawn to its domestic market[B]semiconductor industry had been taken over by foreign enterprises[C]machine-tool industry had collapsed after suicidal actions[D]auto industry had lost part of its domestic market53.What can be inferred from the passage?[A]It is human nature to shift between self-doubt and blind pried.[B]Intense competition may contribute to economic progress.[C]The revival of the economy depends on international cooperation.[D]A long history of success may pave the way for further development.54.The author seems to believe the revival of the U.S.economy in the1990s can be attributed to the____.[A]turning of the business cycle[B]restructuring of industry[C]improved business management[D]success in educationPassage2Being a man has always been dangerous.There are about105males born for every100females,but this ratio drops to near balance at the age of maturity,and among70-year-olds there are twice as many women as men.But the great universal of male mortality is being changed.Now,by babies survive almost as well as girls do.This means that,for the first time,there will be an excess of boys in those crucial years when the are searching for a mate.More important, another chance for natural selection has been removed.Fifty yearsago,the chance of a baby（particularly a boy baby）surviving depended on its weight.A kilogram too light or too heavy meant almost certain death.Today it makes almost no difference.Since much of the variation is due to genes one more agent of evolution has gone.There is another way to commit evolutionary suicide:stay alive, but have fewer children.Few people are as fertile as in the past. Except in some religious communities,very few women has15children. Nowadays the number of births,like the age of death,has become average.Most of us have roughly the same number of offspring.Again, differences between people and the opportunity for natural selection to take advantage of it have diminished.India shows what is happening. The country offers wealth for a few in the great cities and poverty for the remaining tribal peoples.The grand mediocrity of today everyone being the same in survival and number of offspring means that natural selection has lost80%of its power in upper-middle-class India compared to the tribes.For us,this means that evolution is over;the biological Utopia has arrived.Strangely,it has involved little physical change No other species fills so many places in nature.But in the pass100, 000years even the pass100year our lives have been transformed but our bodies have not.We did not evolve,because machines and society did it for us.Darwin had a phrase to describe those ignorant of evolution:they"look at an organic being as average looks at a ship, as at something wholly beyond his comprehension."No doubt we willremember a20th century way of life beyond comprehension for its ugliness.But however amazed our descendants may be at how far from Utopia we were,they will look just like us.55.What used to be the danger in being a man according to the first paragraph?[A]A lack of mates.[B]A fierce competition.[C]A lower survival rate.[D]A defective gene.56.What does the example of India illustrate?[A]Wealthy people tend to have fewer children than poor people.[B]Natural selection hardly works among the rich and the poor.[C]The middle class population is80%smaller than that of the tribes.[D]India is one of the countries with a very high birth rate.57.The author argues that our bodies have stopped evolving because____.[A]life has been improved by technological advance[B]the number of female babies has been declining[C]our species has reached the highest stage of evolution[D]the difference between wealth and poverty is disappearing58.Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?[A]Sex Ration Changes in Human Evolution[B]Ways of Continuing Man's Evolution[C]The Evolutionary Future of Nature[D]Human Evolution Going NowherePassage3When a new movement in art attains a certain fashion,it is advisable to find out what its advocates are aiming at,for,however farfetched and unreasonable their principles may seem today,it is possible that in years to come they may be regarded as normal.With regard to Futurist poetry,however,the case is rather difficult,for whatever Futurist poetry may be even admitting that the theory on which it is based may be right,it can hardly be classed as Literature.This,in brief,is what the Futurist says;for a noise and violence and speed.Consequently,our feelings,thoughts and emotions have undergone a corresponding change.This speeding up of life,says the Futurist,requires a new form of expression.We must speed up our literature too,if we want to interpret modern stress.We must pour out a large stream of essential words,unhampered by stops,or qualifying adjectives,of finite verbs.Instead of describing sounds we must make up words that imitate them;we must use many sizes of type and different colored inks on the same page,and shorten or lengthen words at will.Certainly their descriptions of battles are confused.But it is a little upsetting to read in the explanatory notes that a certain line describes a fight between a Turkish and a Bulgarian officer on a bridge off which they both fall into the river and then to find thatthe line consists of the noise of their falling and the weights of the officers:Pluff!Pluff!A hundred and eighty-five kilograms.This,though it fulfills the laws and requirements of Futurist poetry,can hardly be classed as Literature.All the same,no thinking man can refuse to accept their first proposition:that a great change in our emotional life calls for a change of expression.The whole question is really this:have we essentially changed?59.This passage is mainly____.[A]a survey of new approaches to art[B]a review of Futurist poetry[C]about merits of the Futurist movement[D]about laws and requirements of literature60.When a novel literary idea appers,people should try to_____.[A]determine its purposes[B]ignore its flaws[C]follow the new fashions[D]accept the principles61.Futurists claim that we must____.[A]increase the production of literature[B]use poetry to relieve modern stress[C]develop new modes of expression[D]avoid using adjectives and verbs62.The author believes that Futurist poetry is_____.[A]based on reasonable principles[B]new and acceptable to ordinary people[C]indicative of basic change in human nature[D]more of a transient phenomenon than literaturePassage4Aimlessness has hardly been typical of the postwar Japan whose productivity and social harmony are the envy of the United States and Europe.But increasingly the Japanese are seeing a decline of the traditional work-moral values.Ten years ago young people were hardworking and saw their jobs as their primary reason for being,but now Japan has largely fulfilled its economic needs,and young people don't know where they should go next.The coming of age of the postwar baby boom and an entry of women into the male-dominated job market have limited the opportunities of teen-agers who are already questioning the heavy personal sacrifices involved in climbing Japan's rigid social ladder to good schools and jobs.In a recent survey,it was found that only24.5percent of Japanese students were fully satisfied with school life,compared with67.2percent of students in the United States.In addition,far more Japanese workers expressed dissatisfaction with their jobs than did their counterparts in the10other countries surveyed.While often praised by foreigners for its emphasis on the basics, Japanese education tends to stress test taking and mechanical learning over creativity and self-expression."Those things that do not show up in the test scores personality,ability,courage orhumanity are completely ignored,"says Toshiki Kaifu,chairman of the ruling Liberal Democratic Party's education committee." Frustration against this kind of thing leads kids to drop out and run wild."Last year Japan experienced2,125incidents of school violence, including929assaults on teachers.Amid the outcry,many conservative leaders are seeking a return to the prewar emphasis on moral st year Mitsuo Setoyama,who was then education minister,raised eyebrows when he argued that liberal reforms introduced by the American occupation authorities after WorldWarⅡhad weakened the"Japanese morality of respect for parents."But that may have more to do with Japanese life-stvles."In Japan, "says educator Yoko Muro,"it's never a question of whether you enjoy your job and your life,but only how much you can endure."With economic growth has come centralization;fully76percent of Japan's 119million citizens live in cities where community and the extended family have been abandoned in favor of isolated,two generation households.Urban Japanese have long endured lengthy commutes （travels to and from work）and crowded living conditions,but as the old group and family values weaken,the discomfort is beginning to tell.In the past decade,the Japanese divorce rate,while still well below that of the United States,has increased by more than50percent, and suicides have increased by nearly one-quarter.63.In the Westerner's eyes,the postwar Japan was_____.[A]under aimless development[B]a positive example[C]a rival to the West[D]on the decline64.According to the author,what may chiefly be responsible for the moral decline of Japanese society?[A]Women's participation in social activities is limited.[B]More workers are dissatisfied with their jobs.[C]Excessive emphasis his been placed on the basics.[D]The life-style has been influenced by Western values.65.Which of the following is true according to the author?[A]Japanese education is praised for helping the young climb the social ladder[B]Japanese education is characterized by mechanical learning as well as creativity.[C]More stress should be placed on the cultivation of creativity.[D]Dropping out leads to frustration against test taking.66.The change in Japanese Life-style is revealed in the fact that____.[A]the young are less tolerant of discomforts in the factthat_____.[B]the divorce rate in Japan exceeds that in the U.S.[C]the Japanese endure more than ever before[D]the Japanese appreciate their present lifePassage5If ambition is to be well regarded,the rewards of ambition health, distinction,control over one's destiny must be deemed worthy of the sacrifices made on ambition's behalf.If the tradition of ambition is to have vitality,it must be widely shared;and it especially must be highly regarded by people who are themselves admired,the educated not least among them.In an odd way,However,it is the educated who have claimed to have give up on have give up on ambition as an ideal. What is odd is that they have perhaps most benefited from ambition-if not always their own the that of their parents and grandparents.There is heavy note of hypocrisy in this,a case of closing the barn door after the horses have escaped with the educated themselves riding on them.Certainly people do not seem less interested in success and its signs now than formerly.Summer homes,European travel,BMWs.The locations,place names and name brands may change,but such items do not seem less in demand today than a decade or two years ago.What has happened is that people cannot confess fully to their dreams,as easily and openly as once they could,lest they be thought pushing, acquisitive and vulgar.Instead,we are treated to fine hypocritical spectacles,which now more than ever seem in ample supply:the critic of American materialism with a Southampton summer home;the publisher of radical books who takes his meals in three-star restaurants;the journalist advocating participatory democracy in all phases of life, whose own children are enrolled in private schools.For such peopleand many more perhaps not so exceptional,the proper formulation is, "Succeed at all costs but avoid appearing ambitious."The attacks on ambition are many and come from various angles; its public defenders are few and unimpressive,where the are not extremely unattractive.As a result,the support for ambition as a healthy impulse,a quality to be admired and fixed in the mind of the young,is probably lower than it has ever been in the United States. This does not mean that ambition is at an end,that people no longer feel its stirrings and promptings,but only that,no longer openly honored,it is less openly underground,or made sly.Such,then,is the way things stand:on the left angry critics,on the right stupid supporters,and in the middle,as usual,the majority of earnest people trying to get on in life.67.It is generally believed that ambition may be well regarded if_____.[A]its returns well compensate for the sacrifices[B]it is rewarded with money,fame and power[C]its goals are spiritual rather than material[D]it is shared by the rich and the famous68.The last sentence of the first paragraph most probably implies that it is____.[A]customary of the educated to discard ambition in words[B]too late to check ambition once it has been let out[C]dishonest to deny ambition after the fulfillment of the goal[D]impractical for the educated to enjoy benefits from ambition69.Some people do not openly admit they have ambition because____.[A]they think of it as immoral[B]their pursuits are not fame or wealth[C]ambition is not closely related to material benefits[D]they do not want to appear greedy and contemptible70.From the last paragraph the conclusion can be drawn that ambition should be maintained_____.[A]secretly and vigorously[B]openly and enthusiastically[C]easily and momentarily[D]verbally and spirituallyPartⅣEnglish-Chinese TranslationDirections:Read the following passage carefully and then translate underlined sentences into Chinese.Your translation must be written neatly no ASWER SHEET2.（15points）Governments throughout the world act on the assumption that the welfare of their people depends largely on the economic strength and wealth of the community.71）Under modem conditions,this requires varying measures of centralized control and hence the help of specialized scientists such as economists and operational research experts.72）Furthermore,it。

英语考博试题及答案一、词汇与结构（共20分）1. The _______ of the project will depend on the availability of funds.A) initiationB) implementationC) terminationD) qualification答案：B2. Despite his _______ efforts, he failed to convince the committee.A) trivialB) futileC) sincereD) superficial答案：C3. The _______ of the new policy has been widely discussed in the media.A) implicationsB) complicationsC) ramificationsD) repercussions答案：A4. She is a _______ of her father, showing great talent in music.A) descendantB) successorC) inheritorD) progeny答案：C5. The _______ of the old building was a significant event in the community.A) demolitionB) renovationC) constructionD) destruction答案：A二、阅读理解（共30分）阅读下列短文，然后回答问题。

Passage 1The rise of the internet has transformed the way we communicate, learn, and do business. It has opened up new opportunities and challenges for individuals and organizations alike.6. What is the main topic of the passage?A) The history of the internet.B) The impact of the internet on society.C) The technical aspects of the internet.D) The future of the internet.答案：B7. What does the author imply about the internet?A) It has only positive effects.B) It has both opportunities and challenges.C) It is a threat to traditional businesses.D) It is outdated and no longer relevant.答案：BPassage 2In recent years, there has been a growing interest in renewable energy sources due to environmental concerns and the need for sustainable development.8. What is the main reason for the interest in renewable energy?A) Economic benefits.B) Environmental concerns.C) Technological advancements.D) Government policies.答案：B9. What can be inferred from the passage?A) Renewable energy is widely adopted.B) Renewable energy is too expensive.C) There is a need for sustainable development.D) Environmental concerns are a recent issue.答案：C三、完形填空（共20分）阅读下面的短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

Part I Listening Comprehension (30%)略Part II Vocabulary (10%)Section ADirections: In this section, all the sentences are incomplete. Four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D are given beneath each of them.You are to choose the word or phrase that best completes the sentence, then mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET.31.According to the Geneva no prisoners of war shall be subject to abuse.A.CustomsB. CongressesC. ConventionsD. Routines32.Environmental officials insist that something be done to acid rain.A.CurbB. sureC. detoxifyD. condemn33.It is impossible to say how it will take place, because it will happen , and it will not be along process.A.spontaneouslyB. simultaneouslyC. principallyD. approximately34.Diabetes is one of the most and potentially dangerous disease in the World.A.CrucialB. virulentC. colossalD. prevalent35.Rheumatologist advises that those with ongoing aches and pains first seek medical help tothe problem.A.AffiliateB. alleviateC. aggravateD. accelerate36.How is it possible that such deception has come to take place right under our noses?A.obviousB. significantC. necessaryD. widespread37.Now a paper in Science argues that organic chemicals in the rock come mostly from onearth rather than bacteria on Mars.A.ConfigurationB. constitutionC. condemnationD. contamination38.Chronic high-dose intake of vitamin A h as been shown to have effects on bones.A.adverseB. prevalentC. instantD. purposeful39.Generally,vaccine makers the virus in fertilized chicken eggs in a process that can takefour to six months.A.penetrateB. designateC. generateD. exaggerate40.We are much quicker to respond,and we respond far too quickly by giving_ to our anger.A.ventB. impulseC. temperD. Offence Section BDirections: Each of the following sentences has a word or phrase underlined. There are four words or phrases beneath each sentence. Choose the word or phrase which can best keep the meaning of the original sentence if it is substituted for the underlined part. Mark your answer on the ANSWERSHEET.41.The patient's condition has worsened since last night.A.improvedB. returnedC. deterioratedD. changed42.Beijing Television-Station Transmitting Tower really looks magnificent at night when it's lit up.A.decoratedB. illustratedC. illuminatedD. entertained43.Attempts to restrict parking in the city centre have further aggravated the problem of trafficcongestion.A.amelioratedB. aggregatedC. deterioratedD. duplicated44.The applications of genetic engineering are abundant and choosing one appropriate for thiscase can be rather difficult.A.sufficientB. plentifulC. adequateD. countable45.The defect occurs in the first eight weeks of pregnancy, though no one understands why.A.deficitB. deviationC. draw backD. discrepancy46.He has been on hormone alternate therapy for four years and looks fantastic.A.successorB. replacementC. surrogateD. choice47.It had over 2,000 apartment complexes, a great market, a large number of industrial workshops,an administrative center, a number of massive religious edifices, and a regular grid pattern of streets and buildings.A.ancientB. carefullyC. very largeD. carefully protected48.When patients spend extended periods in hospital, they tend to become overly dependent andlose interest in taking care of themselves.A.extremelyB. exclusivelyC. exactlyD. explicitly49.The anxious parent was vigilant over the injured child in spite of a full array of emergencyroom of doctors and nurses.A.preoccupiedB. unwaryC. watchfulD. dozing50.The doctor vacillated so frequently on disease-prevention techniques that his colleaguesaccused him of inconsistency.A.waveredB. instigatedC. experimentedD. reliedPart ⅢCloze (10%)Directions: In this section there is a passage with ten numbered blanks. For each blank, there are four choices marked A, B, C and D on the right side.Choose the best answer and mark the letter of your choice on the ANSWER SHEET.We spend a lot of time looking at the eyes of others for social 51 —it helps us understand a person's emotions, and make decisions about how to respond to them. We also know that adultsavoid eye contact when anxious. But researchers have known far 52 about eye gazing patterns in children.According to new research by Kalina Michalska, assistant professor of psychology at the University of California, Riverside, we now know that anxious children tend to avoid making eye contact, and this has consequences for how they experience fear. The 53 and less frequently they look at the eyes of others, the more likely they are to be afraid of them, even when there may be no reason to be. Her study,"Anxiety Symptoms and Children's Eye Gaze During Fear Learning", was published in the journal The Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry.“Looking at someone's eyes helps us understand whether a person is feeling sad, angry, fearful, or surprised. As adults, we then make decisions about how to respond and what to do next. But,we know much less about eye patterns in children—so, understanding those patterns can help us learn more about the development of social learning," Michalska said.Michalska and the team of researchers showed 82 children, 9 to 13 years old, images of two women's faces on a computer screen. The computer was equipped with an eye tracking device that allowed them to measure 54 on the screen children were looking, and for how long. The participants were originally shown each of the two women a total of four times. Next, one of the images was 55 with a loud scream and a fearful expression, and the other one was not. At the end, children saw both faces again without any sound or scream.The following three conclusions can be drawn from the study:1.All children spent more time looking at the eyes of a face that was paired with the loud scream than the face that was not paired with the scream, 56 they pay attention to potential threats even in the absence of outward cues.2.Children who were more anxious avoided eye contact during all three phases of the experiment, for both kinds of faces. This had consequences for how afraid they were of the faces.3.The more children avoided eye contact; the more afraid they were 57 the faces.The conclusions suggest that children spend more time looking at the eyes of a faces when previously paired with something frightening suggesting they pay more attention to potentially threatening information as a way to learn more about the situation and plan what to do next.However, anxious children tend to avoid making eye contact, which leads to greater 58 experience. Even though avoiding eye contact may reduce anxiety 59 , the study finds that—over time—children may be missing out 60 important social information.This includes that a person may no longer be threatening or scary, and yet the child continues feeling fearful of that person.51. A. environment B. cues C. relations D. answers52. A. less B. more C. enough D. beyond53. A. longer B. more anxious C. shorter D. more54. A. where B. when C. how D. what55. A. followed B. recorded C. paired D. marked56. A. suggest B. suggesting C. suggests D. being suggested57. A. to B. of C. at D. about58. A. fear B. surprise C. sad D. angry59. A. in the long run B. for a long timeC. in the short timeD. in a long time60. A. with B. without C. of D. onPart IV Reading Comprehension (30%)Directions: In this part, there are six passages, each of which is followed by five questions. For each question, there are four possible answers marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the best answer and mark the letter of your choice on the ANSWER SHEET.Passage OneThe British psychoanalyst John Bowlby maintains that separation from the parents during the Sensitive "attachment" period from birth to three may scar a child's personality and predispose to emotional problems in later life.Some people have drawn the conclusion from Bowlby's work that children should not be subjected to day care before the age of three because of the parental separation it entails,and many people do believe this. It has been argued that an infant under three who is cared for outside the home may suffer because of the separation from his parents. But there are also arguments against such a strong conclusion.But traditional societies are so different from modern societies that comparisons based on just one factor are hard to interpret. Firstly, anthropologists point out that the insulated love affair between children and parents formed in modern societies does not usually exist in traditional societies. For example, in some tribal societies, such as the Ngoni, the father and mother of a child did not rear their infant alone—far from it.Certainty, Bowlby's analysis raises the possibilities that early day care had delayed effects. The possibility that such care might lead to, say, more mental illness or crime 15 or 20 years later can only explored by the use of statistics. However, statistical studies of this kind have not yet been carried out, and even if they were, the results would certainly be complicated and controversial. Secondly, common sense tells us that day care would not be so widespread today if parents, care-takers found children had problems with it. Thirdly, in the last decade, there have been a number of careful American studies of children in day care, and they have uniformly reported that care had a neutral or slightly positive effect on children's development.Whatever the long-term effects, parents sometimes find the immediate effects difficult to deal with. Children under three are likely to protest at leaving their parents and show unhappiness. At the age of three or three and a half almost all children find the transition to nursery easy, and this is undoubtedly why more and more parents make use of child care at this time.The matter,then,is far from clear-cut, though experience and available evidence indicate early care is reasonable forinfants.61.According to the passage, the consequence of parental separation .A.still needs more statistical studiesB.has been found negative is more seriousC.is obviousD.in modern times62.The author thinks that John Bowlby's concern .A.is relevant and justifiableB.is too strong to believeC.is utterly groundlessD.has something that deserve our attention63.What's the result of American studies of children in day care in the last decade?A.The children's unhappiness and protest was due to the day care the children received.B.The bad effects of parental separation were hard to deal with.C.The effect of day care was not necessarily negative on children's development.D.Early care was reasonable for babies since it's practiced by so any people nowadays.64.According to the passage,which of the following is probably a reason for parents to send theirchildren under three to day care?A.They don't know about day care's negative effect.B.They are too busy to care for their children.C.They want their children to be independent as early as possible.D.They want to facilitate their children to adapt to nursery at the age of about three.65.What's the author's attitude to people who have drawn the conclusion from Bowl-by's workthat children should not be subjected to day care before the age of three?A.He supports most of their belief because Bowlby's preposition is well-grounded.B.He is sympathetic for them, for he thinks they have been misled by Bowlby.C.He doesn't totally agree with them, since the long-term effect of day care still needs furtherstudy.D.He doesn't quite understand them, as they are contradictory in themselves.Passage TwoBy the end of this century, the average world temperature is expected to increase between one and four degrees, with widespread effects on rainfall, sea levels and animal habitats. But in the Arctic, where the effects of climate change are most intense, the rise in temperature could be twice as much.Understanding how Arctic warming will affect the people, animals, plant and marine life and economic activity in Canada's North are important to the country's future, says Kent Moore, an atmospheric physicist at University of Toronto Mississauga who is participating in a long-term,international study of the marine ecosystem along the Beaufort Sea. from Alaska to the Mackenzie delta.The study will add to our knowledge of everything from the extent of sea ice in the region to how fish stocks will change to which areas could become targets for oil and gas exploration to the impact on the indigenous people who call this part of the country home.Moore,who has worked in the Arctic for more than 20 years, says his research has already found that thinning sea ice and changes in wind patterns are causing an important change in the marine food chain;phytoplankton（浮游植物）is blooming two to three weeks earlier.Many animals time their annual migration to the Arctic for when food is plentiful, and have not adapted to the earlier bloom." 'Animals' behavior can evolve over a long time, but these climate changes are happening in the space of a decade, rather than hundreds of years," says Moore,"Animals can't change their behavior that quickly. "A warmer Arctic is expected to have important effects on human activity in the region, as the Northwest Passage becomes navigable during the summer, and resource extraction becomes more feasible. Information gained from the study will help government, industry and communities make decisions about resource management, economic development and environmental protection.Moore says the study—which involves Canadian, American and European researchers and government agencies will also use a novel technology to gather atmospheric data: remotely piloted drones. "The drones have the capability of a large research aircraft, and they're easier to deploy," he says, showing the researchers to gather information on a more regular basis than they would be able to with piloted aircraft.66.By the end of this century, according to the author, global warming will .A.start to bring about extreme weather events to humans and animalsB.increase the average world temperature by four degreesC.cause more damages to the whole world than expectedD.affect the Arctic more than any other parts of the e arth67.To help understand the destructive mechanism of Arctic warming, as indicated by the passage,the international study .A.is conducted with every single discipline of University of TorontoB.pioneers in pursuing the widespread effects of climate changeC.involves so many countries for different investigationsD.is intended to deal with various aspects in research68.When he ways,"Animals can't change their behavior that quickly," what does Moore mean bythat quickly ?A.The migration of the animals to the Arctic.B.The widespread effects of global warming.C.The rate of the climate change in the Arctic.D.The phytoplankton within the marine ecosystem.69.According to the author, to carry our proper human activities in the Arctic .A.becomes more difficult than ever beforeB.is likely to build a novel Economy in the regionC.will surely lower the average world temperatureD.needs the research-based supporting information70.With the drones deployed, as Moore predicts, the researchers will .A.involve more collaborating countries than they do nowB.get more data to be required for their researche more novel technologies in researchD.conduct their research at a regular basisPassage ThreeHaving too much caffeine during pregnancy may impair baby' liver development and increase the risk of liver disease in adulthood, according to a study published in the Journal of Endocrinology. Pregnant rats given caffeine had offspring with lower birth weights, altered growth and stress hormone levels and impaired liver development. The study findings indicate that consumption of caffeine equivalent to 2-3 cups of coffee may alter stress and growth hormone levels in a manner that can impair growth and development, and increase the risk of liver disease in adulthood.Previous studies have indicated that prenatal caffeine intake of 300 mg/day or more in women, which is approximately 2 to 3cups coffee per day, can result in lower birth weights of their children. Animal studies have further suggested that prenatal caffeine consumption may have more detrimental long-term effects on liver development with an increased susceptibility to non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, a debilitating condition normally associated with obesity and diabetes. However, the underlying link between prenatal caffeine exposure and impaired liver development remains poorly understood. A better understanding of how caffeine mediates these effects could help prevent these health issues in people in the future.In this study, Prof Hui Wang and colleagues at Wuhan University in China, investigated the effects of low (equivalent to 2-3 cups of coffee) and high doses (equivalent of 6-9 cups of coffee) caffeine, given to pregnant rats,on liver function and hormone levels of their offspring. Offspring exposed to prenatal caffeine had lower level of the liver hormone, insulin like growth factor(IGF-1), and higher levels of the stress hormone, corticosteroid at birth. However, liver development after birth showed a compensatory 'catch up' phase, characterized by increased levels of IGF-1,which is important for growth.Dr. Yinxian Wen, study co-author, says,"Our results indicate that prenatal caffeine causes an excess of stress hormone activity in the mother, which inhibits IGF-1 activity for liver development before birth. However, compensatory mechanisms do occur after birth to accelerate growth and restore normal liver function, as IGF-1 activity increases and stress hormone signalling decreases.The increased risk of fatty liver disease caused by prenatal caffeine exposure is most likely a consequence of this enhanced, compensatory postnatal IGF-1 activity."These findings not only confirm that prenatal caffeine exposure leads to lower birth weight and impaired liver development before birth but also expand our current understanding of the hormonal changes underlying these changes and suggest the potential mechanism for increased risk of liver disease in the future. However, these animal findings need to be confirmed in humans.Dr. Wen comments,"Our work suggests that prenatal caffeine is not good for babies and although these findings still need to be confirmed in people, I would recommend that women avoid caffeine during pregnancy."71.Which of the following is NOT the problem of baby rats of pregnant rats given caffeine?A.Lower birth weight.B. Smaller stress.C. Liver development problem.D. Growth problem.72.If a pregnant woman takes 3 cups of coffee, what will probably happen?A.Her weight will get lower and lower.B.The weight of her baby will get lower and lower.C.She will suffer from non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in a long run.D.Her baby will be more vulnerable to obesity and diabetes because of liver problem.73.Which of following is not correct according to the passage?A.A better understanding of t he relationship between caffeine and effects has been achieved.B.4-5 cups of coffee could be categorized as medium-dose intake.C.Liver development problem may be remedied after birth by increased growth factor.D.The study is mainly conducted on the rats instead of human.74.What is the relationship between stress hormone and liver development when taking inprenatal caffeine?A.Lower stress hormone, lower birth weight before birth.B.Higher stress hormone, lower growth hormone before birth.C.Higher stress hormone, more accelerated growth of weight after birth.D.Lower stress hormone, less accelerated growth of liver after birth.75.What can be the best summary of the last paragraph?A.The research hasn’t been done on humans so pregnant women can ignore the results.B.The compensatory mechanism for liver growth makes prenatal caffeine intake safe.C.Experts suggest pregnant women should still avoid caffeine.D.We have known enough about the hormone changes underlying the health problems. Passage FourThe bizarre antics of sleepwalkers have puzzled police, perplexed scientists, and fascinated writers for centuries. There is an endless supply of stories about sleepwalkers. Persons have been said to climb on steep roofs, solve mathematical problems, compose music,walk through plate-glasswindows,and commit murder in their sleep.How many of these stories have a basis in fact, and how many are pure fakery? No one knows, but if some of the most sensational stories should be taken with a barrel of salt, others are a matter of record.In Revere, Massachusetts, a hundred policemen combed a waterfront neighborhood for a lost boy who left his home in his sleep in and woke up five hours later on a strange sofa in a strange living room,with no idea how he had got there.There is an early medical record of a somnambulist who wrote a novel in his sleep. And the great French writer Voltaire knew a sleepwalker who once got out of bed, dressed himself, made a polite bow, danced a minuet, and then undressed and went back to bed.At the University of Iowa, a student was reported to have the habit of getting up in the middle of the night and walking three-quarters of a mile to the Iowa River. He would take a swim and then go back to his room to bed.The world's champion sleepwalker was supposed to have been an Indian, Pandit Ramrakha, who walked sixteen miles along a dangerous road without realizing that he had left his bed. Second in line for the title is probably either a Vienna housewife or a British farmer. The woman did all her shopping on busy streets in her sleep. The farmer, in his sleep, visited a veterinarian miles away.The leading expert on sleep in America claims that he has never seen a sleepwalker. He is Dr. Nathaniel Kleitman, a physiologist at the University of Chicago. He is said to know more about sleep than any other living man, and during the last thirty-five years had lost a lot of sleep watching people sleep. Says he,"Of course, I know that there are sleepwalkers because I have read about them in the newspapers. But none of my sleepers ever walked,and if I were to advertise for sleepwalkers for an experiment, I doubt that I'd get many takers."Sleepwalking, nevertheless, is a scientific reality. Like hypnosis, it is one of those dramatic, eerie, awe-inspiring phenomena that sometimes border on the fantastic. It lends itself to controversy and misconceptions,what is certain about sleepwalking is that it is a symptom of emotional disturbance, and that the only way to cure it is to remove the worries and anxieties that cause it. Doctors say that somnambulism is much more common than is generally supposed. Some have estimated that there are four million somnambulists in the United States. Others set the figure even higher. Many sleepwalkers do not seek help and so are never put on record,which means that an accurate count can never be made.The simplest explanation of sleepwalking is that it is the acting out of a vivid dream. The dream usually comes from guilt, worry, nervousness, or some other emotional conflict. The classic sleepwalker is Shakespeare's Lady Macbeth. Her nightly wanderings were caused by her guilty consience at having committed murder. Shakespeare said of her, "The eyes are open but their sense is shut."The age-old question is: Is the sleepwalker actually awake or asleep? Scientists have decidedthat he is about half-and-half. Like Lady Macbeth, he has weighty problems on his mind, Dr, Zeida Teplitz, who made a ten-year study of the subject, says,"Some people stay awake all night worrying about their problems. The sleepwalker thrashes them out in his sleep. He is awake in the muscular area, partially asleep in the sensory area." In other words, a person can walk in his sleep, move around, and do other things, but he does not think about what he is doing.76.The second sentence in the second paragraph means that .A.no one knows, but certainly all the sleep walking stories have something incredibleB.the sleepwalking stories are like salt adding flavor to people's lifeC.sleepwalking stories that are most fantastic should be sorted out from ordinary storiesD.the most fantastic sleepwalking stories may be just fictions,yet there are still truthfullyrecorded stories.77.was supposed to be the world’s champion sleepwalker.A.The student habitually walked to the Iowa River and swam in his sleepB.The man danced a minuet in his sleepC.The man walker sixteen miles along a dangerous roadD.The boy walked five hours in his sleep78.Sleepwalking is the result of according to the passage.A.emotional disorderB. a vivid dreamC. lack of sleep and great anxietyD. insanity79.Dr. Zeida Teplitz seemed to .A.agree that sleepwalking sometimes leads to dangerous actsB.conclude that sleepwalkers are awake in their sensory areaC.disagree with the belief that sleep walkers are immune to injuryD.think that sleepwalking can turn into madness80.The writer makes it obvious that .A.sleepwalkers are often awakened by dangersB.most sleepwalkers can find ways to avoid self-injuryC.it is important to find out the underlying cause of sleepwalkingD.sleepwalking is actually a kind of hypnosisPassage FiveBeyond the basic animal instincts to seek food and avoid pain, Freud identified two sources of psychic energy, which he called "drives": aggression and libido. The key to his theory is that these were unconscious drives, shaping our behavior without the mediation of our waking minds; they surface, heavily disguised, only in our dreams. The work of the past half-century in psychology and neuroscience has been to downplay the role of unconscious universal drives, focusing instead on rational processes in conscious life. But researchers have found evidence that Freud's drives really do exist, and they have their roots in the limbic system, a primitive part of the brain that operatesmostly below the horizon of consciousness. Now more commonly referred to as emotions, the modern suite of drives comprises five: rage, panic, separation distress, lust and a variation on libido sometimes called seeking.The seeking drive is proving a particularly fruitful subject for researchers. Although like the others it originates in the limbic system, it also involves parts of the forebrain; the seat of higher mental functions. In the 1980s, Jaak Panksepp, a neurobiologist at Bowling Green State University in Ohio, became interested in a place near the cortex known as the ventral tegmental area, which in humans lies just above the hairline.When Panksepp stimulated the corresponding region in a mouse, the animal would sniff the air and walk around, as though it were looking for something. Was it hungry? No. The mouse would walk right by a plate of food, or for that matter any other object Paksepp could think of. This brain tissue seemed to cause a general desire for something new."What I was seeing," he says,"was the urge to do stuff." Panksepp called this seeking.To neuropsychologist Mark Solms of University College in London, that sounds very much like libido."Freud needed some sort of general, appetitive desire to seek pleasure in the world of objects," says Solms. Panksepp discovered as a neuroscientist what Freud discovered psychologically." Solms studied the same region of the brain for his work on dreams. Since the 1970s, neurologists have known that dreaming takes place during a particular form of sleep known as REM—rapid eye movement—which is associated with a primitive part of the brain known as the pons. Accordingly,they regarded dreaming as a low-level phenomenon of no great psychological interest. When Solms looked into it, though, it turned out that the key structure involved in dreaming was actually the ventral tegmental, the same structure that Panksepp had identified as the seat of the "seeking" emotion. Dreams, it seemed, originate with the libido—which is just what Freud had believed.Freud's psychological map may have been flawed in many ways, but it also happens to be the most coherent and, from the standpoint of individual experience, meaningful theory of the mind. "Freud should be placed in the same category as Darwin, who lived before the discovery of genes," says Panksepp. "Freud gave us a vision of a mental apparatus. We need to talk about it, develop it, test it." Perhaps it's not a matter of proving Freud wrong or right, but of finishing the job.81.Freud believed that aggression and libido .A.were the only two sources of psychic energyB.could sometimes surface in our conscious lifeC.affected our behavior unconsciouslyD.could appear clearly on our dreams82.Which of the following terms is equivalent to what Freud called libido?A.Emotion.B. Lust.C. Seeking.D. Urge.83.Jaak Panksepp's study on a mouse proves that the seeking drive .A.originates in the limbic system。

2019年江西财经大学招聘试题及答案解析1、为了测试汽车安全气囊的安全性，用计算机制作汽车碰撞的全过程，在此使用的计算机技术是（）。

单项选择题A、智能代理技术B、碰撞代理技术C、虚拟现实技术D、语音代理技术【答案】C【解析】虚拟现实技术是一种可以创建和体验虚拟世界的计算机仿真系统，它利用计算机生成一种模拟环境是一种多源信息融合的交互式的三维动态视景和实体行为的系统仿真，使用户沉浸到该环境中。

汽车碰撞测试中应用的技术即为虚拟现实技术。

故本题答案选C。

2、事业单位改革及其管理体制改革的基本原则是“政事分开”。

下列关于政事分开的理解正确的有（）。

多项选择题A、本着“整体统筹、合理分工”的原则，整合事业单位的布局结构B、事业单位改革要本着“政事分开、理顺关系”的原则，在对事业单位进行合理定位的基础上，将那些属于事业单位形式的机构剥离开去C、本着“区域统筹、行业统筹”的原则，调整事业单位的布局结构D、本着“精简、效能”和减轻财政负担的原则，对事业单位编制实行总量控制【答案】C,D【解析】事业单位及其管理体制改革的基本原则是“政事分开”。

所谓“政事分开”，就是解除事业单位与政府之间的隶属关系，管理由政府行政主管部门进行宏观控制，具体事务由事业单位自主解决，事业单位的行政级别按照中央有关规定取消。

事业单位改革的具体原则有：（1）本着“政事分开、理顺关系”的原则，在对事业单位进行合理定位的基础上，将那些不属于事业单位性质的机构剥离出去。

（2）本着“区域统筹、行业统属”的原则，调整事业单位的布局结构。

（3）本着“精简、效能”和减轻财政负担员额的原则，对事业单位编制实行总量控制。

故本题答案选CD。

3、十九大报告中指出，加快生态文明体制改革，建设美丽中国，必须坚持（）为主的方针。

多项选择题A、环境保护B、节约优先C、保护优先D、自然恢复【答案】B,C,D【解析】十九大报告中指出，加快生态文明体制改革，建设美丽中国，必须坚持节约优先、保护优先、自然恢复为主的方针，形成节约资源和保护环境的空间格局、产业结构、生产方式、生活方式，还自然以宁静、和谐、美丽。