(仅供参考)医学影像专业英语总结

(1)To prospectively evaluate the effect of heart rate, heart rate variability, and calcification dual-source computed tomography (CT) image quality and to prospectively assess diagnostic accuracy of dual-source CT for coronary artery stenosis. by using invasive coronary angiography as the reference standard.前瞻性评价心率、心率变异性及钙化双源计算机断层扫描成像质量的影响及对冠状动脉狭窄的双源性冠状动脉狭窄诊断的准确性评价。

以侵入性冠状动脉造影为参照标准。

(2)Chest radiography plays an essential role in the diagnosis of thoracic disease and is the most frequently performed radiologic examination in the United States. Since the discovery of X rays more than a century ago, advances in technology have yieled numerous improvements in thoracic imaging. Evolutionary progress in film-based imaging has led to the development of excellent screen-film systems specifically designed for chest radiography.胸部X线摄影中起着至关重要的作用在胸部疾病的诊断，是最常用的影像学检查在美国。

第1篇一、基础知识题1. 请简述医学影像技术的定义及其在临床医学中的重要性。

2. 医学影像技术主要包括哪些成像技术？3. 什么是CT值？请解释其含义及临床应用。

4. X线成像的基本原理是什么？5. 请简述核磁共振成像（MRI）的原理及特点。

6. 超声成像技术的工作原理是什么？7. 什么是DSA（数字减影血管造影）？8. 核医学成像的原理是什么？9. 请解释散射线产生的影像因素有哪些？10. 请简述伪影的概念及其在影像诊断中的影响。

二、专业知识题1. 请描述胸部摄影的体位设计要点。

2. 请简述CT伪影及去除方法。

3. 请解释MRI中的T1加权成像和T2加权成像的原理及区别。

4. 请简述超声成像技术在妇产科的应用。

5. 请描述DSA在冠状动脉造影中的操作步骤。

6. 请解释核医学成像在肿瘤诊断中的应用。

7. 请简述CT、MRI、超声三种成像技术的优缺点及适用范围。

8. 请解释CT、MRI、超声成像技术在脊柱病变诊断中的区别。

9. 请描述CT、MRI、超声成像技术在神经系统疾病诊断中的应用。

10. 请简述影像技术检查前的准备工作。

三、案例分析题1. 患者男性，45岁，因头痛、恶心、呕吐入院。

影像检查发现脑部占位性病变。

请根据CT、MRI、超声三种成像技术，分析该病变的可能性质。

2. 患者女性，28岁，因右上腹痛、发热入院。

影像检查发现肝脏占位性病变。

请根据CT、MRI、超声三种成像技术，分析该病变的可能性质。

3. 患者男性，70岁，因头晕、步态不稳入院。

影像检查发现脑部多发腔隙性脑梗死。

请根据CT、MRI、超声三种成像技术，分析该病变的可能原因。

4. 患者女性，35岁，因月经失调、腹痛入院。

影像检查发现子宫占位性病变。

请根据CT、MRI、超声三种成像技术，分析该病变的可能性质。

5. 患者男性，60岁，因咳嗽、痰中带血入院。

影像检查发现肺部占位性病变。

请根据CT、MRI、超声三种成像技术，分析该病变的可能性质。

(1)To prospectively evaluate the effect of heart rate, malignantlesions.Performance of needle aspirationand needle calcification variability, and dual-source localization procedures followed by heart rateexcisional biopsy is computed tomography (CT) image quality and to frequently necessary todetermine the origin of a mammographic finding. prospectively assess diagnostic accuracy ofcoronary artery stenosis. by for dual-source CTthe angiography coronary as using invasive 虽然摄影是乳腺癌的形态学标准，乳房可见检测相当reference standard.敏感，经常不足的恶性病变良性分化性能。

穿刺针定前瞻性评价心率、心率变异性及钙化双源计算机断层扫描成像质量的影响及对冠状动脉狭窄的位切除活检程序经常需要确定一个X线发现的起源双源性冠状动脉狭窄诊断的准确性评价。

以侵入性冠状动脉造影为参照标准。

(4)Therefore,initiatives have been taken among plays an essential role in the Chest radiography(2)radiation protection authorities to give priority to most and diagnosis of thoracic disease is the investigations of dose levels and frequencies of the examination in radiologic frequently performed X-ray examinations among children. The main more Since United States. the X discovery of rays objective is to establish recommendation of upper have a than century in ago, advances technology dose limits for various diagnostic procedures and to yieled numerous improvements in thoracic imaging. implement minimum requirements for equipment Evolutionary progress infilm-based imaging has led standards. to the development of excellentscreen-film systems specifically designed for chest radiography. 因此，在辐射防护当局之间采取了主动行动，优先考线摄影中起着至关重要的作用在胸部疾病的诊X胸部虑儿童的剂量水平和频率的调查。

医学影像学名词解释导言医学影像学是一门应用医学和物理学原理，运用不同的方法和技术来生成和解释人体内部结构和功能信息的学科。

通过各种影像技术，医学影像学为医生提供了一种非侵入性的手段来诊断和治疗疾病。

本文将对几个常见的医学影像学名词进行解释。

一、X射线摄影（Radiography）X射线摄影，也称为放射线摄影，是最常见和最常用的医学影像学技术之一。

它通过使用X射线穿透人体，然后在感光片或数字传感器上形成图像。

X射线摄影可用于检测骨折、肿瘤、肺部感染等疾病。

现代医学中广泛应用的数字化X射线技术（Digital Radiography）可以生成高质量的图像，并提供更方便的数据存储和传输。

二、计算机断层扫描（Computed Tomography, CT）计算机断层扫描（CT）是一种基于X射线的成像技术，它能够通过旋转的X射线束和敏感探测器来获取人体多个方向的横断面图像。

这些图像通过计算机进行处理和重建，形成一个连续的三维图像，可用于定位和评估肿瘤、脑出血、血管病变等疾病。

现代CT技术具有高分辨率和多功能性，能提供更准确的影像信息。

三、核磁共振成像（Magnetic Resonance Imaging, MRI）核磁共振成像（MRI）利用强磁场和无害的无线电波来生成人体内部的详细图像。

MRI能够提供高对比度的解剖结构和生理功能信息，并广泛应用于心脏、脑部、腹部、骨骼等部位的诊断中。

MRI技术在医学影像学领域中有着非常重要的地位，是一种无辐射、非侵入性的成像技术。

四、超声成像（Ultrasound Imaging）超声成像是一种使用高频声波来观察和诊断人体内部器官和结构的影像技术。

它通过声波在不同组织间的反射和回波来生成图像。

超声成像广泛应用于妇产科乃至心脏等各种领域，在妊娠期间的胎儿监测、器官肿瘤的识别和定位等方面具有重要作用。

五、正电子发射断层扫描（Positron Emission Tomography, PET）正电子发射断层扫描（PET）是一种核医学影像技术，通过记录和测量体内注射的放射性示踪剂产生的正电子和射线，来获得器官和组织的功能信息。

医学影像学课程教学大纲(Medical imaging)课程编号：111046课程性质：专业课适用专业：临床医学先修课程：解剖学、生理学、病理学、病理生理学、诊断学后续课程：内科学、外科学、儿科学、妇产科学总学分： 3 理论课：2.5 实验：0.5总学时：72 理论课：42 实验：30I 课程性质与设置目的1.课程性质和特点：医学影像学是通过影像研究人体解剖结构、生理功能及病理变化进行诊断的一门临床学科；随着CT、MRI、DSA等新成像技术的应用，使本学科的内容更趋丰富。

通过对这门课程的教学，使学生在今后其它医学临床课程的学习、临床实习、研究工作中，对本专业有一个较完整的概念。

2.课程的基本要求:课程以讲授X线、CT及超声诊断为主，由浅入深、由简到繁、循序渐进的模式组织安排教学，使学生掌握扎实的影像学知识；教学内容上特别在本学科与临床和病理知识的结合点上做了较为深入的研究，培养学生的创新能力、自学能力、基本技能、思维和表达能力、科研能力和一定的专业英语能力。

通过本课程的学习，使学生（1）了解各种成像技术的基本原理、方法和图像特点；（2）掌握对图像的观察、分析与诊断方法；（3）了解CT、MRI 及介入放射学的价值和限度，以便正确应用。

重点学习各系统的正常和基本病变的影像学表现，介绍一般常见病的影像学诊断。

本课程教材选用《医学影像学》（全国高校医学规划教材），高教出版社，2004,8 孟悛非主编。

3．本课程应具备的基础知识:医学影像学与其他学科如解剖学、生理学、病理学、病理生理学等具有密切而有机的联系，因此，学生必须具备以上的基础知识。

II 课程内容与要求第一章总论（5学时）一、学习目的与要求（1）了解放射诊断学应用原理和概况。

（2）了解放射诊断学的价值、限度和地位。

（3）了解常用的X线检查方法及在临床工作中的正确应用。

（4）了解放射诊断学的方法和原则。

（5）了解CT、DSA、USG、MRI成像的基本原理及其临床应用的价值和限度。

个人简历医学影像技术专业个人简历基本信息：姓名：XXX性别：男出生日期：XXXX年XX月籍贯：XXX联系方式：XXXXX教育背景：XXXX年-XXXX年 XXXX大学医学影像技术专业硕士研究生研究方向：医学影像的获取、处理与分析、医学影像中的图像识别与模式识别等XXXX年-XXXX年 XXXX大学医学影像技术专业本科主要课程：医学图像学、数字图像处理、医学信号处理、医学图像分析与诊断实习经历：XXXX年-XXXX年 XXX医院影像科实习生主要工作：- 参与医学影像的采集和处理，通过CT、MRI等设备获取患者影像数据- 使用图像处理软件对医学影像进行处理和分析，如边缘检测、图像增强等- 协助医生进行影像诊断，并参与相关研究项目项目经历：XXXX年-XXXX年智能医学影像识别系统开发项目描述：该项目旨在通过人工智能技术，实现对医学影像的自动识别和分析，辅助医生提高识别准确性和效率。

我的主要工作包括：- 收集和整理大量医学影像数据作为训练集- 使用深度学习算法，如卷积神经网络（CNN），进行训练和优化- 开发图像识别和分类的算法模型，并进行模型验证和评估- 参与系统的前端和后端开发，实现医学影像的上传、处理和结果展示功能荣誉奖励：- XXXX年度优秀研究生- XXXX年度学术创新奖- XXXX年度优秀实习生技术能力：- 熟悉医学影像的获取、处理与分析技术- 掌握常用的医学图像处理软件和工具，如MATLAB、ImageJ - 熟悉深度学习算法，如CNN，在医学影像识别与分类方面有相关经验- 了解医学图像学的基本理论和常用影像设备的原理个人特质：- 具有良好的学习能力和科研能力，善于解决问题- 细致认真，责任心强，工作积极主动- 具备团队合作精神，与他人合作能力强其他附加信息：- 英语水平：CET-6，能够流利阅读医学文献和与外国专家的交流- 爱好：阅读医学类书籍、运动、旅游以上仅为个人简历的参考范文，您可以根据自己的实际情况进行修改和完善。

―医学影像诊断学‖专业英语学习技巧（1）—词根、前后缀和常见疾病病名篇为了配合学生们学习―医学影像诊断学‖专业英语，本人根据自己的教学经验，总结出如下技巧，供同学们参考。

医学影像诊断学专业英语学习中的技巧包括：l 熟记常用的词根、前后缀和病名l 熟记常用的高频词和句型l 熟记全文阅读中的关键词l 结合专业知识进行阅读和猜测本文针对这几个方面提供了如下相关内容，供同学们参考。

常用的词根、前后缀和常见疾病病名Why Do We Study Medical Terminology?The number of Medical words are enormous. How many medical words are there in a medium-sized medical dictionary? The answer is around 100,000, which is only a conservative estimate. Moreover, like the jargon（行话）in all forward-moving fields, the number is expanding so constantly and quickly that it defies 藐视any memorization!Most medical terms are based on Greek and Latinwords, which areconsistent 一致的and uniform 统一的throughout manydifferent areas. These Greek and Latin parts of words are called the root, prefix, suffix, combing vowels and combining forms.The root, prefix, suffix can aid in learning and remembering medical terms and even help in making informed guesses as to the meaning of unfamiliar words.Furthermore, their numbers are limited, about 400 to 500 or so (the most active ones), but the combinations derived from them are enormous. From what has been discussed above, we may reasonably reach the conclusion that to learn the root, prefix, suffix is much more efficient and meaningful than to try to memorize every medical term.••adeno-腺•angio- 血管•arterio－动脉•arthro-关节•atrio-心房;•bi-双,生，生命•blastoma－胚细胞瘤•carcino－癌•card-, cardio-,心,贲门•centesis-穿刺术•cephal-, cephalo-头•chondr-;chondrio-软骨；•chromato-; chrom-; chromo-色•colon-结肠•cranio-颅•cyano-青紫，绀•cysto-囊肿，膀胱；•cyto-细胞•dendron-树突•derma－皮，皮肤•diplo-双,两•dys –不良，困难，障碍•enteric-肠•exo-外•fibro－纤维•ganglio-神经节•glio－：胶质；•glyco- gluco- 糖，甜•gon－精液，种子，膝；•graphy--书写，记录，摄影•hemi-半;•hemo-,haemo- 血•hepato-肝•histo－组织•hyper－高，多，超；•hystero-子宫,癔病•iatro-医师,医学•idio-自发，特异；•infra－在下；•inter-间;•intra-－内，在内；•latero-侧，旁•leio-平滑•lingo-舌•lysis－；lyso-溶解• -megaly大；•meningo－脑膜，脊膜；•meno-月经•meta－变，转•meta－间位,偏位,变,转,后,旁,次•mito-线•mono－单，一•morpho－形态，形•muco－黏液•multi－多•myelo-, myel-，髓，脊髓•myo-肌•necro－坏死，尸体•nephro-肾•neuro/neur-神经•oligo－少；•osteo－骨；•-plasty 成形术•pneumo-气，气体，呼吸•poly－多•pseudo-假•pulmo -肺•pyelo－肾盂•pykno-致密•pyloro-幽门;•rectal-直肠的•renal 肾的•retro-后，向后，在后•salpingo-管,咽鼓管,输卵管•sarco-肉，肌•scope，镜•semi－半•sphero-球•sterno-胸骨•sub--下，在下，次，亚•supra-:上•supra－tentorial 幕上的•thoraco-胸•thrombo-－血栓•-tomy,切开术•toxico- 毒•trans-经，越，横过，•tri－三•uni-一，单；•urino-, uro-, ur-,urono-尿•varico- 静脉曲张•vaso- 血管•veno－静脉•ventriculo－（脑，心）室•vertebro- 椎骨，脊柱•adenoma 腺瘤•adenomyosis子宫内膜异位症•adnexitis 子宫附件炎•air bronchogram 支气管气像•aortic regurgitation 主动脉关闭不全•aortic stenosis 主动脉狭窄•arteriovenous malformation 动静脉畸形•arthropathy 关节病•astrocytoma 星形细胞瘤•atelectasis 肺不张•atrial septal defect房间隔缺损•arteriovenous fistulae , AVF 动静脉瘘•bronchial foreign body支气管异物•bronchiectasis 支气管扩张•bronchiolitis 细支气管炎•cerebral Infarction 脑梗死•chondroma 软骨瘤•colonoscopy 结肠镜检查术•congestive heart failure 充血性心力衰竭•consolidation 肺实变•coronary heart disease 冠状动脉性心脏病•craniopharyngioma 颅咽管瘤•DWI 扩散成像•emphysema 肺气肿•ependymoma 室管膜瘤.•epidural haematoma 硬脑膜外血肿•filling defect 充盈缺损•four chamber subcostal view 剑突下四腔心•gastric ulcer 胃溃疡•giant cell tumor of bone 骨巨细胞瘤•glioblastoma 恶性胶质瘤•glioma 胶质瘤•hepatic cavernous haemangioma 肝海绵状血管瘤•hepatocellular carcinoma 肝细胞肝癌•hepatomegaly 肝肿大•inferior vena cava 下腔静脉•infertility 不孕症,•intraluminal crater 腔内龛影•mediastinal thyroid mass 胸内甲状腺•MIP: Maximum Intensity Projection 最大密度投影•MPR: Multiple Plannar Reconstruction 多平面重组•musculoskeletal 骨肌的•nephrohydrosis 肾积水•nephrolithiasis 肾石病•niche 龛影•Oligodendroglioma 少突胶质胞瘤•osteiod osteoma骨样骨瘤•osteochondroma 骨软骨瘤•osteomalacia 骨软化症•osteoma 骨瘤•osteoporosis 骨质疏松症•osteosarcoma 骨肉瘤•osteosclerosis 骨硬化•patent ductus arteriosus 动脉导管未闭•pericarditis 心包炎•pleural effusion 胸腔积液•pleural thickening 胸膜肥厚•pneumothorax 气胸•prostatic adenocarcinoma 前列腺癌•prostitis 前列腺炎•prostomegaly 前列腺肥大•pulmonary arterial hypertension 肺动脉高压•pulmonary artery stenosis 肺动脉狭窄•pulmonary embolism 肺动脉栓塞•pulmonary oligaemia 肺少血•pulmonary valve stenosis 肺动脉瓣狭窄•pyloritis 幽门炎•pylorostenosis, 幽门狭窄•pylorus 幽门•renal cell carcinoma 肾细胞癌•rheumatic heart disease 风湿性心脏病•sequestrum 死骨片•splenomegaly 脾肿大•SSD:Shaded Surface Display 表面遮盖显示•subarachnoid haemorrhage 蛛网膜下腔出血•subdural haematoma 硬脑膜下血肿•superior vena cava 上腔静脉.•Tetralogy of Fallot 法洛氏四联症•the lesser curvature 胃小弯•thromboembolism 血栓栓塞•thrombolysis 血栓溶解•thrombophlebitis 血栓性静脉炎•thymoma 胸腺瘤•ulcerating carcinoma 溃疡性癌•uterine leiomyoma 子宫肌瘤•VE: Virtural Endoscopy 仿真内窥镜•ventricular septal defect 室间隔缺损•VR: Volume-Rendering Technique 容积再现―医学影像诊断学‖专业英语学习技巧（2）—高频词、短语和常用句型篇对病变描述常用的高频词和短语l 形态：round，oval , ovoid, tubular , lobulated , spherical shape 圆形，卵圆形，管状的，分叶的, 球形irregular configuration 形态不规则bulging 凸出的l 性质：cystic, solid , complex 囊性，实性，混合性l 质地：homogeneous/ heterogeneous/inhomogeneous 均匀，不均匀l 边界：界限清楚well-defined /well circumscribed(限制) / sharply delineated borders/ sharplymarginated 具有明显边缘的界限不清楚 ill-defined/ poor-defined /unsharp borders/边界不规则irregular border轮廓清晰smooth contour有囊包着的encapsulated•扫描的方位：axial / coronal/ sagittal 横、矢、冠状位与X线有关的常用高频词和短语•fluoroscopy X线透视检查•plain radiograph 平片•chest film 胸片•PA chest radiograph 后前位胸片•lateral chest radiograph 侧位胸片•the lateral film 侧位片•increased pulmonary vascular markings 肺纹理增多•reduction of lung markings 肺纹理减少•paucity of vascular markings ( 肺)纹理减少•on barium studies of the gastrointestinal system 胃肠钡餐透视•on barium esophagogram. 食道钡餐透视The most frequent feature of the plain radiograph is dilatation of the ascending aorta与CT线有关的常用高频词和短语密度的描述：•isoattenuating / isodense 等密度• hyperattenuating/ hyperdense / high attenuation 高密度• hypoattenuating/ low attenuation / hypodense/ 低密度•mixed densities 混合密度• attenuation close to that of water 近似水的密度•CT 平扫on precontrast CT/ unenhanced CT :强化CT contrast CT/enhanced CTC T扫描序列•The most widely used protocol实验设计，序列for bronchiectasis consists of 1 - 1.5 mm collimation scans every 10 mm from the lung apex to the diaphragm.与MR有关的常用高频词和短语信号的描述：l 高/低/等/混合/不均匀信号：hyperintense/hypointense/isointense/iso-hyperintens/ mixed density /mixed signal of hyperintensity /heterogeneously mass on T1WI/ T2WI ;l 信号流空signal voidl On MR the cyst is typically low signal on T1WI and high on T2WI.囊肿的磁共振典型表现是T1WI低信号、高信号T2WI与MR检查技术的评价有关的常用句型•The tumor is hypointense on T1WI and inhomogeneously hyperintense on T2 WI 肿瘤在T1WI 为低信号，在T2WI 为不均匀的高信号•Magnetic resonance imaging is the optimal 理想的technique for detecting abnormalities of the aortic sinuses, annulus瓣环, and ascending aorta associated with aortic regurgitationl MR angiography is now used for identifying coronary artery anomalies and determining coronary bypass graft 旁路移植术，搭桥术patency开放.l A tumor capsule may be visible in isoattenuating lesions与强化有关的高频词、常用短语和句型l 轻度/中度/明显/均匀/不均匀/斑片状/边缘-----强化mild /moderate/marked/ inhomogeneous /homogeneous enhancement. /patchy / rim enhancementl 轻到中度强化Enhancement is mild to moderate ;l 注入对比剂后无强化the absence of enhancement after intravenous injection of gadoliniuml 静脉注入对比剂后:following intravenous contrast medium administration./ Following contrast enhancement/ following contrast injection/ intravenous contrast / following gadolinium injection.l 选择性碘离子对比剂注射后after selective injection of iodinated contrast media• They may enhance homogeneously 它们均匀强化•Enhancement is mild to moderate and inhomogeneous. 轻到中度强化•The patchy enhancement may persist 持续for several minutes.斑片状强化可持续几分钟• A homogeneous marked enhancement is observed following contrast injection明显均匀强化与超声有关的常用高频词和短语US: 回声的描述l echogenic/ hyperechioc /echo-rich 强回声l echopenic /hypoechioc/ echo-poor 低回声l anechoic 无回声l isoechoic 等回声l mixed pattern of echogenicity 混合回声l dorsal acoustic shadowing 后方声影There is markedly hyperechoic lesion without dorsal acoustic shadowing（声影）.超声检查方法评价有关句型• Echocardiography, two-dimensional and Doppler, are the most frequently employed modality for最常用的the diagnosis and assessment of severity of aortic stenosis.•It is also the preferred method for首选的monitoring the dimension of the sinus and ascending aorta in patients with aortoannular ectasia扩张as the cause of aortic regurgitation.与介入有关的常用高频词、短语和句型• DSA( Digital Subtraction Angiography) 数字减影• Seldinger technique Seldinger 技术• to be inserted percutaneously 经皮穿刺•Selective coronary arteriography is performed （行）using specially shaped catheters.•The most frequently used catheters are the Judkins catheters for the right and left coronary arteries.•These catheters are inserted percutaneously into the femoral artery employing the Seldinger technique.•Balloon dilatation of the valve is now the preferred procedure• A multihole catheter is introduced into the femoral vein and passed through the right heart using fluoroscopic guidance•Contrast media is injected into the main pulmonary artery for the diagnosis of congenital heart disease•Pulmonary angiography has long been recommended as the procedure of choice in the patient with a suspected diagnosis of PE描述CT/ MR/US―（可/不很好/清楚的）显示‖这类影像学表现的常用动词和句型有主动语态、被动语态和形容词三种形式•主动语态译法：― CT/MR/US可很好的显示….;‖例句：•Cine MR image in axial plane during systole depicts（显示）a signalvoid emanating 发出from the mitral valve. The signal void represents mitral regurgitation•被动语态译法：―(影像学的表现)显示为…‖例句：The HCC is depicted（显示）as a hyperattenuating, unsharply limited, multifocal lesion•形容词形式句型译法例句：However, it may be nondepictable （不显示）on chest radiography and only demonstrated on CT scans.如下是更多的常用于表示―显示‖的动词和主动、被动语态、形容词形式的例句•PA chest radiograph shows（显示）overinflation of the left hemithorax（半侧胸廓）•CT scan clearly shows（显示）the hyperdensity of the subarachnoid spaces…•Plain film radiographs can reveal （显示）widening of the internal auditory canal;•Ultrasound examination of the liver demonstrates （显示）a slightly hypoechoic lesion with sharply delineated borders, oval shape and no dorsal acoustic enhancement.•But in more central areas of the liver is not demonstrated （显示）well on CT•Tricuspid regurgitation can be demonstrated（显示）by colour flow mapping or Doppler echocardiography.• A substantial number, however, of cavernous haemangioma display （显示）a more "atypical" contrast enhancement pattern•Cirrhosis is well displayed on CT• A homogeneous marked enhancement is observed（显示）following contrast injection•Following contrast enhancement an inhomogeneous degree of enhancement of the liver parenchyma is observed（显示）in the cirrhotic liver.•On barium studies of the gastrointestinal system displacement of the stomach, duodenum and colon secondary to the changes in liver volume and morphology will be noted（显示）•Colour Doppler sonography visualizes routinely the high vascularization（血管化）of HCC•The enhancing walls of the thrombosed veins can be visualized （可被显示为…）• A tumor capsule may be visible in isoattenuating lesions•The intraventricular haemorrhage on the left side is well appreciated as（可被显示）hyperintense.•Contour deformity(畸形) may be detectable（显示）in lesions•An extracranial subgaleal（帽状腱膜下的)haematoma on the left side is also present. （显示/有）•Intrahepatic biliary duct dilatation can also be seen on precontrast CT .•Inhomogeneous enhancement （不均匀强化）of the solid components of the tumor is seen. （可被显示/可见）•The HCC is depicted（可被显示）as a hyperattenuating, unsharply limited, multifocal lesion•Cine MR image in axial plane during systole depicts（显示）a signalvoid emanating 发出from the mitral valve. The signal void represents mitral regurgitation•However, it may be nondepictable （不显示）on chest radiography and only demonstrated on CT scans.•Calcification is readily容易的identified on fluoroscopy but only dense calcification is recognized（显示）on plain radiography.•Grade II PVH is indicated by（显示）Kerley B lines and other signs of thickened interlobular septa•It also discloses （显示）a malalignment 排列错乱的type of ventricular septal defect.医学影像诊断学专业英语学习技巧（3）—―首先找出每段落的关键词‖篇全文阅读技巧：•在全文阅读中首先找到每段中的关键词，就知道该段落重要讲述的内容是啥。

(1)To prospectively evaluate the effect of heart rate, heart rate variability, and calcification dual-source computed tomography (CT) image quality and to prospectively assess diagnostic accuracy of dual-source CT for coronary artery stenosis. by using invasive coronary angiography as the reference standard.前瞻性评价心率、心率变异性及钙化双源计算机断层扫描成像质量的影响及对冠状动脉狭窄的双源性冠状动脉狭窄诊断的准确性评价。

以侵入性冠状动脉造影为参照标准。

(2)Chest radiography plays an essential role in the diagnosis of thoracic disease and is the most frequently performed radiologic examination in the United States. Since the discovery of X rays more than a century ago, advances in technology have yieled numerous improvements in thoracic imaging. Evolutionary progress in film-based imaging has led to the development of excellent screen-film systems specifically designed for chest radiography.胸部X线摄影中起着至关重要的作用在胸部疾病的诊断，是最常用的影像学检查在美国。

By 南方医影像-枝枝Chest plain film/plain chest radiography 胸部平片 Posteroanterior 后前位 Left-lateral 左侧位 Contour 轮廓Symmetric 对称 Lung field 肺野 Lung marking 肺纹理 Lesion 病变Lung hilar 肺门Mediastinum 胸廓Diaphragm 膈肌Rib 肋骨Round-shaped 类圆形的 Mass 团块 Post-basic segment 后基底段Lobulated-edge 边缘分叶Well-defined margin 边界清楚ill-define margin 边缘不清 vague margin Homogeneous attenuation 密度均匀 Thoracic vertebraes 胸椎 Obstructive atelectasis 阻塞性肺不张Sign of “recersal S” 反S征 Bilateral 双侧的 Cloud-shaped areas 大片密度增高区域Piece-like high attunuation 片状高密度Pulmonary edema 肺水肿Node 结节Acute miliary tuberculosis 急性粟粒性肺结核Anteroposterior abdomen plain film 腹部平片Supine overhead projection 仰卧前后位投照Radiopaque foreign body 不透光异物Stone 结石Liver 肝gallbladder 胆kidney 肾Bowel 肠Distension 扩张Free gas 游离气体Vertebrate and pelvis bone 腰椎和骨盆 Plain film of pelvis 骨盆平片 Acetabulun 髋臼 Hip joint 髋关节 Bone destruction 骨质破坏Femoral head 股骨头The left hip joint space 左髋关节间隙Osteoporosis 骨质疏松By 南方医影像-枝枝Anteroposterior elbow plain film 前后位肘关节平片Osteoslerosis 骨质硬化Hyperosteogeny 骨质增生Humerus 肱骨 Ulna 尺骨 Radius 桡骨 Periosteal reaction 骨膜反应 Periosteal proliferation 骨膜增生（骨膜反应） Dislocated 脱位Soft tissue软组织Tibia 胫骨Fibula 腓骨Cortex 皮质Oblique fissure 斜行骨折线Fracture 骨折There is no obvious angle formation or abnormal removing of the breaking ends.骨折断端未见明显错位 Femur 股骨 Metaphysis 干骺端 metaphyseal A longitude of 16 cm 长约16cm Slice-like 层状Linear 线状Epiphysis 骨骺 Osteomyelitis 骨髓炎 Lower end 下端 Septa 分隔Distend 膨胀、扩大Disrupted 中断Giant-cell tumor 巨细胞瘤Needle-like 针状Tumor bone 肿瘤骨Osteosarcoma 骨肉瘤Upper gastrointestinal barlum meal examination and photogragh 上消化道钡餐造影摄片 Folds 皱襞 Esophagus 食管 Peristalsis 蠕动Evacuation 排空Stomach 胃Niche 龛影crater Stenosis 狭窄Filling defect 充盈缺损 Duodennal cap and loop 十二指肠球及肠圈 Mucosal folds 黏膜皱襞By 南方医影像-枝枝 Gastric antrum 胃窦 Coarse 粗糙的 Nodular 结节状的Spasm 痉挛Antral gastritis 胃窦炎Pouch 囊袋Diverticulum 憩室Deformed 变形Barium filled spot 钡斑Mucous folds converging 黏膜皱襞聚集Palpation 触诊（加压）Peptic ulcer 消化性溃疡Duodenal bulb 十二指肠球部Lesser curvature of the stomach 胃小弯Barium-gas plane 气钡平面Penetrating gastric ulcer 穿透性溃疡 Lumen 管腔 Gastric body 胃体Antrum 胃窦Stiff 僵硬的Cardia 贲门、心脏Fundus 胃底Pyloric 幽门的Colon结肠Oppressing 压迫Excrete 排泄、分泌Interruption 中断Sigmoid 乙状结肠Transverse colon 横结肠Thorn-like 小刺状的 Ulcerative colitis 溃疡性结肠炎 Ascent colon 升结肠 Bowel obstruction 肠梗阻 Transverse image 轴位像 Plain CT scan CT平扫 Axial 轴位 8 mm slice apart 8 mm 层厚8mm，间隔8mm Brain parenchyma 脑实质Ventricle 脑室Subarchnoid cavity蛛网膜下腔 Midline structures 中线结构 Circumferential 周围的External capsule 外囊Hypo-attenuation 低密度Hyper-attenuation 高密度 axial area 横截面积By 南方医影像-枝枝 Deformed 变形 Adjacent 邻近的 Deviated 移位Hematoma 血肿Pre-contrast transverse image 平扫轴位像Post-contrast scan增强扫描 Kernel 中心（窗位？） Frontal part 额部 Predominantly 主要的 Wide-base 广基底 Cerebral flax 大脑镰Calcification 钙化Inner table 内板Meningioma 脑膜瘤Coronal 冠状的Orbit 眼眶MPR reconstruction MPR重建Isoattenuating 等密度Prominent 凸出的、杰出的、显著的On arterial phase images 在动脉期Spotted enhancement点状强化Progressive enhancement 渐进性强化 Cavernous hemangioma 海绵状血管瘤 Temporal bone 颞骨 Facial cannal 面神经管 Internal auditory meatus 内听道Benign 良性的Nasopharynx 鼻咽Pharyngeal recess 咽隐窝 Obliterate 消失、擦除 Parapharyngeal space 咽旁间隙 Ringed enhancement 环状强化 Invasion 发病、侵袭Metastasis 转移Sagittal image 矢状位Cervical 颈部的cervical vertebra 颈椎 vertebrae Alignment 排列 Curvature 曲度Disci 椎间盘 Nerve root 神经根 Sleeve 袖、套 Lumbar spine 腰椎Ligament 韧带 Disc herniation 椎间盘突出 Exceed 超出 Epidural 硬膜外By 南方医影像-枝枝 Isthmus 峡部 Mildly 轻度的 Surge forward 向前 Spondylolisthesis 椎体前移 Osteosclerosis 骨质硬化 Marrow lumen 骨髓腔Heterogeneous 均匀 Dysplasia 发育不良 Fibrous dysplasia 纤维异常增殖症 Sternum 胸骨 CT value CT值 Cyst 囊肿Compage of thorax 胸廓 Trachea 气管 Bronchi 支气管 Through 通畅 Lymphadenectasis 淋巴结肿大 Air bronchogram sign 空气支气管征 Carina of trachea 气管隆突 Pneumonia 肺炎 Apico- 尖、顶Lobular 分叶 Spicule 毛刺 Biopsy 活检 Orifice 开口 Occlusion 闭塞Thymoma 胸腺瘤Configuration 形态Proportion 比例Hepatic lobe 肝叶Hepatic parenchyma 肝实质Dilated 扩张Spleen 脾脏 Retro- 向后、后 Retroperitoneal 腹膜后 Artery phase、vein phase、delay phase动脉期、静脉期、延迟期Peripheral enhancement 周边强化 Portal vein 门静脉 Inferior vena cave 下腔静脉 Centripetally 向心性地 Cavernous hemangioma 海绵状血管瘤Heterogeneous 不均匀的Splenomegaly 脾大Hepatocarcinoma 肝癌Neoplastic 肿瘤的Thrombosis 血栓形成neoplastic thrombosis 癌栓By 南方医影像-枝枝 Cirrhosis 硬化、肝硬化 Cholecy 胆囊 Ectomy 切除术cholecyectomy 胆囊切除术Pneumo- 肺、呼吸、空气pneumotosis积气Common bile duct 胆总管Dilation 扩张Posterolateral 后外侧 Administration 行政、管理、处理 Contrast material 对比剂 Renal pelvis 肾盂 Renal calices 肾盏 Hepatorenal recess 肝肾隐窝 Nephric 肾的 Perinephric space 肾周间隙 Gerota 肾Fascia 筋膜Gerota’s fascia 肾周筋膜Pancreatitis 胰腺炎Mesenteric 肠系膜的 Superior mesenteric vein 肠系膜上静脉 CT endoscopy CT内窥镜 Greater curvature 胃大弯 Gastroscopy 胃镜colonscopy 结肠镜 MPR、SSD、VR、CTVE Cecum 盲肠 cecal 盲肠的Protrude 突出、凸出Tumor 肿瘤carcinoma 癌Urinary bladder 膀胱 Uterus 子宫 Appendage 附件 Ureters 输尿管 CTU VRT MIP Cystoscopy 膀胱镜 Aorta 主动脉 Ascending aorta 胸主动脉Cephalic 头部的brachio 臂brachiocephalic trunk 头臂干Proximal 近端的、基部的Carotid 颈动脉的Common carotid artery 颈总动脉 Endo- 内 endomembrane 内膜 Tortuous 扭曲的、迂曲的Collateral 侧支Dissecting 夹层aneurysm 动脉瘤dissecting aneurysm 夹层动脉瘤 Thrombosis 血栓形成 Takayasu arteritis 多发性大动脉炎 Give rise to 引起 Embolism 栓塞 Iliac 髂的、回肠的 ileum 回肠 Common iliac artery 髂总动脉 Femoral 股femoral artery 股动脉Popliteal 腘popliteal artery 腘动脉Peroneal 腓 peroneal artery 腓动脉By 南方医影像-枝枝Tibial 胫tibial artery 胫动脉Right coronary artery 右冠状动脉 Left anterior descending artery 左前降支 Left circumflex artery 左旋支 Plague 瘟疫、灾祸、斑块 soft plague 软斑块 Orientation 方位 High signal intensity 高信号 Gyrus 脑回Infarction 梗死、缺血灶Parietal lobe 顶叶Subacute 亚急性的subacute bleeding 亚急性出血Occupying effect 占位效应Posterior horn 后角 Calcarine sulcus 距状沟 In coincidence with 与...一致Gray matter 灰质Splenium/genu/body of corpus callosum 胼胝体压部/膝部/体部 Heterotopia 异位 Subarachnoid 蛛网膜下的subarachnoid cavites 蛛网膜下腔Tonsil 扁桃体Cerebellum 小脑 Occipital 枕骨的 Cistern 池 Cerbrospinal fluid 脑脊液Malformation 急性myelo-髓syringo- 瘘管、洞Myelosyringosis 脊髓空洞症 Sellae 鞍区 Pituitary 垂体、粘液的Optic chiasma 视交叉 Sponge sinus 海绵窦 Craniopharyngeal duct 颅咽管 Adenoma 腺瘤 Internal carotid 颈内动脉 Uniformly 均匀地、一致地Spectrum 范围、系列、波谱spectroscopy 波谱Cusp 峰Infra 以下Ento- 内entoplastron 内板Convexity 凸面Cranial 颅盖的、颅的Dural 硬脑膜的Dural mater硬脑膜Creatine 肌酸 Meningioma 脑膜瘤 Left sidedness 左侧 Peduncle 脚、根、茎 bridge cerebellar peduncle region桥小脑区 Cork sign 瓶塞征By 南方医影像-枝枝 Brain stem 脑干 Acoustic 听觉的 Pontine 脑桥cerebellopontine angle 脑桥小脑角（桥小脑区）anterior pontine cistern 脑桥前池 Extrude 突入 Embed 包绕 Vertebral 椎的、椎骨的 vertebral artery 椎动脉 Ventricle 脑室 Corona radiate 放射冠 Screen pore 筛孔 Mass effect 占位效应 Malignant 恶性Glioma 胶质瘤 Medullary 髓 velum 帆 inferior medullary velum 下髓帆Aqueduct 导水管Vermis 小脑蚓部Blastoma-母细胞瘤medullblastoma髓母细胞瘤hemangioblastoma 血管母细胞瘤Transparent 明显的、透明的 Mural 壁的 mural tumor nodule 壁结节Clouding 片状的Lenticular 豆状的、透镜状的lenticular nucleus 豆状核 Caudate 尾的 caudate nucleus 尾状核 Precuneus 楔前叶Cingulate gyrus 扣带回Binding the history 结合病史Manifestation 表现 appearence Hepatolenticular degeneration 肝豆状核变性Basiobasis 基底节Maxillary sinus 上颌窦Physio-curvature 生理曲度 Bulging 膨胀、突出 Strip 条状 Spinal cord 脊髓 Sclerosis 硬化 Melanoma 黑色素瘤 Project forward into 突入Sphenoid sinus 蝶窦Clivus 斜坡Herniation 突出、疝出Depletion 缺如Lumber lamina 腰椎椎板Spinous process 棘突Menigo-matter 脊膜 Infiltrate 浸润 Extensive 广泛的 Subchondral 软骨下的 Endplate 终板By 南方医影像-枝枝 Cone 锥 medullary cone 脊髓圆锥 Cork 塞住、抑制 Bifid 二分的、双裂的 bifid spine 脊柱裂 Menigomyelocele 脊髓脊膜膨出 Sacral 骶骨 Proton 质子 Blotch 斑点 Archo 直肠Chordoma 脊索瘤Foramen 孔intervertebral foramen 椎间孔Neurogenic tumor 神经源性肿瘤 Placing upside down 倒置 Spinal meningima 脊膜瘤Raindrops 点滴状Teratoma 畸胎瘤Cholecyst 胆囊Tumefacient 膨胀的、肿大的Uterine 子宫Lacuna 缝隙、陷窝、管道Metra-archo lacuna 子宫直肠陷窝Uterine myoma 子宫肌瘤 Split 分离 endometrium 内膜 Fundus 底部 Incisure 切迹 Cervix 宫颈 Septation 间隔 Metrodysplasia 子宫发育异常bicorbate uterus 双角子宫Femoral head 股骨头Cartilage 软骨 Weight-bearing surface 负重面 Acetabulum 髋臼、关节腔 Aseptic 无菌的 Necrosis 坏死 Meniscus 新月形、关节盘、凸透镜Lateral meniscus 外侧半月板Articular 关节的Fat-saturated 压脂 Cruciate 十字的、交叉的 cruciate ligament 交叉韧带 Tendon 腱 Bone matrix 骨质 Rupture 撕裂 Mammary gland乳腺 Axilla 腋窝 Quadrant 象限 Raio-hair sign 放射状毛刺征 Crab-feet sign 蟹足征By 南方医影像-枝枝Basilar artery 基底动脉Constriction 狭窄Dilatation 扩张 Spread area 走行区域 Initiation 起始 Siphon 虹吸Anastomosis 吻合Aneurysm 动脉瘤Void 无效的、空隙、排泄Flowing void effect 流空效应 Fog 烟雾 Moyamoya disease 烟雾病The lateral internal carotid artery angiogram 颈内动脉侧位像 The frontal internal carotid artery angiogram 颈内动脉正位像Angiography 血管造影Anesthesia 麻醉Catheter 导管Catheterization 导管插入术femoral ~股动脉插管Tip 尖端Decannulation 拔管 Hemostasis 止血 Ward 病房 Course 走行、病程Sigmoid 乙状结肠sigmoid sinus 乙状窦Occipital 枕骨Tributary 属支Vascular 血管的Iohexol 碘海醇Sign of string beads 串珠征Tortuosity 扭曲Misty模糊的、烟雾状的Ophthalmic 眼的 Meningeal 脑膜的 Collateral circulation 侧支循环The oblique vertebral artery angiogram 椎动脉斜位像The anterposterior vertebral artery angiogram 椎动脉正位像 Saccular 囊状的 Aforementioned 前述的 Derive from 起源于 Capillary 毛细血管Arteriae bronchiales 支气管动脉Ondansetron Hydrochloride欧贝Dexamethasone 地塞米松Regafur 方克carboplatin 卡铂 mitomycin 丝裂霉素（化疗药物） Malaise 不适Twisted 扭曲的Reticular 网状的 Compatible with 符合 ~ tumor vessels 符合肿瘤血管By 南方医影像-枝枝 Inflexibility 僵直 Encirclement 包绕 Stain 染色Draining vein 引流静脉Fistulas 瘘Interventional treatment operation 介入治疗术 Contrast medium 对比剂 Nidus 病灶 The signs of early filling and delayed evacuationon of contrast medium 早出晚归征 PV门静脉 Rim 边缘 Tenuous 稀薄的、空洞的、纤细的Interlobular artery 小叶间动脉Arcuate artery 弓形动脉Shrunken 萎缩的Superior mesenteric artery 肠系膜上动脉Iodinated oil 乙碘油 Sequentially 依次 Withdraw 撤退 Winding迂曲的Embolization 栓塞Iohexol deposits well 碘油沉积良好Dorsal 背部的stop bleeding bands 止血带Diluted 稀释的Meglumine diatrizoate 泛影葡胺 Superficial vein 浅静脉 Retain 保留 Successively 依次地 Valve 瓣膜 Reflux 反流 Varicose 静脉曲张的、迂曲扩张的 Dysfunction 功能不全。