北京大学“学术英语阅读”2017年上学期期末考试真题

2017 年 11 月北京成人学士学位英语考试真题及答案Part I (30%)Passage 1In 2014, older Americans fell 29 million times, leading to 7 million injuries, according to a report published last week. About 2.8 million cases were treated in emergency department, andapproximately 800,000 seniors went on to be hospitalized.More than 27,000 falls led to death. (76) And the problem is getting more and more serious.“ Older adult falls are increasing and, sadly, often indicate the end of independence,said Dr. Tom Frieden.The falls are preventable, Frieden stressed.He said individuals,families and health care providers can take steps to resist the trend.Dr. Wolf-Klein is a medical professor in New York.She said one concern is thatseniors who have experienced a fall alone at home don’ t tell anyone. When that happens, prevention effor ts don’ t begin and they’ re at risk for additional falls that lead to brokenbones and brain injuries.“ Elderly patients tend not to report falls to their families, or even doctors. A fall isa very frightening thing that you keep quiet about. They think if they mention it, they areafraid that they will move to a nursing home or need assistants to help out in the house,said Wolf-Klein.It ’also a status issue and may make someone feel that they ’ reweaker than theyreally are, she explained. When someone does fall and hurt themselves,they ’ reoftennever the same, Wolf- Klein said.“ You can develop chronic(慢性的)problems. After a fall,a percentage of the population will never return to walking around. People used to takingthe subway, now they’ re in a wheelchair, or they may need help going to the bathroom.They become frailer and lose independence,” she said.1.Which of the following is TRUE?A.In 2014, older adult falls caused 7 million injuries.B.In 2016, Americans fell 29 million times.st year, 2.8 million Americans had emergency treatment.st month, more than 27,000 older Americans were hospitalized.2.From the passage we learn that older adult falls ___.A.Are decreasingB.Can’ t be avoidedC.Must be treated in hospitalsually imply the end of independence3.The word frailer in Paragraph 5 probably means ___.A. LonelierB. weakerC. smarterD. better4.According to the passage, which of the following is TRUE?A. A fall is a very terrible thing that you keep quiet about.B.After a fall elderly people will not develop chronic problems.C.To prevent fells elderly people should move to a nursing home.D.Elderly patients tend to tell their families about their falls.5.What is the main idea of this passage?A.Older adult fells are on the rise.B.People should keep quiet about their fells.C.Older adults are losing their independence.D.Older adult falls cause brain injuries.Passage 2The science behind solar( 太阳的 ) energy is not new. But Sheridan Community Schools isthe first school district in Indiana to be completely solar-powered. The districtfinished installing solar panels( 太阳能板 ) for all three of its schools in 2016. Some of thepanels can turn to fallow the sun across the sky.Sheridan ’ s solar push is part of a trend. In 2008, fewer than 1,000 schools used solarpower. By 2014, there were 3,727 schools with solar panels in the US. This data comesfrom a report by the Solar Foundation, an organization that promotes the use of solar power RoxieBrown, a program director there, says that the number of schools with solarpanels has continued to rise since 2014.(77) Solar power has some obvious advantage over other energy sources. Sunlight isa renewable( 可再生的 ) resource, which means it won ’ t run out. Solar panels don ’ t harm the environment.Also sunlight is free. So by using solar power, schools can save moneyon energy costs over time.But switching to solar power isn’ t always easy Solar panels can be expensive to install.Sheridan Community Schools had to borrow money to pay for its solar transition.(78)The panels also take up space. But for many schools, going solar is worth is.The use of solar energy can also help students learn about electricity andenvironmental issues. Teacher at schools that use solar power often incorporate it intotheir science lessons. The kids talk about it in the classroom. Then they can look at it inaction.According to Brown,the educational impact of solar panels it“ the mostcompelling reason” for schools to install them.Brown hopes the panels will give Sheridan students a global perspective.“ The world is bigger than the boundaries of their school district,” he says.“ They ’ re doing things to help the world as a whole.”6.Sheridan Community Schools coasts of __ schools.A. TwoB. threeC. fourD.five7.According to the passage, solar energy has the following benefits EXCEPT that___.A.It creates no pollutionB.It can save moneyC.Solar panels are easy to maintainD.Solar energy is renewable8.The word incorporate in Paragraph 5 is closest m meaning to___.A. ReachB. improveC. run D include9.According to the passage, which of the following statements is NOT TRUE?A.Solar panels are very expensive to install.B.Sheridan Community Schools is completely solar-powered.C.In 2014, fewer than 1,000 schools used solar power in the US.D.More and more schools are switching to solar power to cut costs.10.Which of the following is the best title for the passage?A.Solar PowerB.Schools Go SolarC.Cheap Energy SourcesD.AGi0bal PerspectivePassage 3Marley Dias loves nothing more than getting lost in a book. But the books she wasstarting at school were starting to get on her nerves. She enjoyed Where the Red FemGrows and The Shiloh series, found in so many primary school classrooms, were all aboutwhite buys or dogs-or white boys and their dogs. Black girls,like Marley,were almostnever the main character.What she was noticing is actually a much bigger issue:fewer than10 percent of children ’ s books released in 2015 had a black person as the main character, according to ayearly analysis by the Cooperative Children’ s Book.In NovemberCenter 2015, Marley setout to gather1,000books with black girls as protagonists( 主角 ).Her campaign called” #1000BlackGirlBooks”awasbig success. (79)She far exceeded her goal and collected more than 10,000 books!” Through my campaign, I want toiveg kids a strongersense of identity.Marley”says.(80)” Thebiggest thing I ’ velarned is that kid ’voicesneed to be heard.”In the future, Dias wants to be the editor(编辑 ) of her own magazine. She is alreadymaking the steps toward having a successful and meaningful career At 11, she’ s aware of the racism in the publishing industry.Like the television and movies, the publishing industry does not represent black girlsor other people of color in positive ways. The whitewashing(漂白 ) in this industry extendbeyond not having people of color as characters.In2012, white men wrote 88%of thebook reviews. In 2013, only about 2% of the books were about black characters. Then ifthere are people of color in the books,the publishers attempt to whitewash people ofcolor on the covers.However,Dias is making it a little easier for other black girls searching for a character that is just like them.Her project is a positive step toward young black girls seeing and experiencing their lives in books.11.Which of the following is the best title for the passage?A.Main Characters of Popular BooksB.The #1000BlackGirlBooks CampaignC.Whitewashing in the Publishing IndustryD.Further Reading for Kids and Teenagers12.The phrase “ get on her nervesin paragraph” I is closest in meaning to ___.A. Make her illB. Make her excitedC. Make her annoyedD. Make herfrightened13.Marley started she #1000BlackGirlBooks campaign because ___.A.She wanted to give some books to African children.B.She wanted to encourage children to read some books.C.She noticed the lack of black girls as main characters in the books.D.She didn ’ t like the black girls described in the books she read for class.14.The original goal of the project was to collect __ books.A. 1000B. 2015C. 5000D. 10,00015. According to the passage, which of the following statements is NOT TURE?A.Marley Dias is a black girl.B. Marley Dias doesn’ t like reading.C.Marley Dias wants to became an editor in the future.D.Marley seldom represent black people in positive way.Part II (30%)16. __ Hong Kong is one of __ busiest seaports in the word.A. The; theB./; /C. The; /D./; the17.The old man __ dead in the snow the next morning.A.FoundB.Was foundC.Was findingD.Had found18.It ’ s time that we __ to take care of our own house.A.BeginB.Will beginC. Have begunD.began19.__ city do you prefer, Shanghai or London?A.WhatB.WhichC.Who’sD.Whose20.Mr. Jones enjoys __ his children out for long walks.A.takeB.takesC.to takeD.taking21.He __ from collage three years ago, but now he is the boss of a large business.A.graduateB. graduatesC.graduatedD.has graduated22.Herry waved to his sister, __ was just getting off a bus.A.whoB.thatC.whichD.whose23. Mark ’ s coming to the meeting this afternoon, __?A. d oesn ’ t heB.w on’ t heC. i sn ’ t heD. s han ’ t he24.It was __ dark that we could hardly see the faces of each other.A.veryB.quiteC. soD. too25.The car __ halfway on the road, so we had to walk home.A.broke upB.broke offC.broke outD.broke down26.The bank charges 6 per cent __ on all money borrowed from it.A.salaryB.payC.incomeD. interest27.The doctor kept him __ on a life-support machine.A.tidyB.aliveC.gentleD.proud28.Katy can think clearly when she is not under __.A.strawB.spaceC.stressD.surfacest week lots of T-shirts were __ here and the cheapest cost only one dollar.A.at workB.on saleC.in practiceD.out of sight30.He decided to devote all his time and effort __ scientific investigation.A.inB.onC.fromD.to31.He fell in love with her at first __.A.sceneB.sightC.viewD.look32. I have promised to help you and I’ ll __ my word.A. holdB. followC. stickD. keep33.If you have high blood pressure, you should __ eating too much salty food.A. escapeB. suggestC.avoidD.relax34.During the past ten years, there have been __ changes in the country.A. lastingB.dramaticC.powerfulD.imaginary35.I should like to rent a house, modern, comfortable and __ , in a quiet place.A.after allB.all overC.above allD.first of all36.We have always thought very __ of him.A.highlyB.wellC.greatlyD.enough37.He told his friends that he was going to Japan __.A.on dutyB.on businessC.on boardD.on the spot38. It ’ s no use __ for a doctor. It’ s too late already.A.to sendB.sendingC.by sendingD.having sent39. I know you’ re planning to travel this summer, but do you know __?A.how much cost it will beB.how much has it costC.how much it will costD.how much will it cost40.Childish __ she may be, she is kind and friendly.A.ifB.althoughC.asD.however41.---Tom, is there __ wrong with the car?---Yeah, the engine refuses to start.A.anythingB.one thingC.nothingD.none42.__succeed in doing anything.A.only by working hard we canB.by only working hard we canC.only by working hard can weD.only we can by working hard43.By the end of next month, you __ here for three years.A.will have studiedB.studyC.will studyD.have studied44.Your temperature has dropped, so you __ take that medicine.A.d on’tB.m ustn ’tC.n eedn ’tD.c an’t45.____,everything would have been all right.A.He had been thereB.Here he had beenC.Been here he hadD.Had he been herePart III 10%46.When Uncle Tom will come back, please tell meimmediately.A B C D47.I have lived in this city thirty years ago, so I know it quite well.A B C D48.The background music in the little cafe sounds softly and sweet to me.A B C D49.A news of his arrest traveled quicklyamong his friends.A B C D50. I couldn’ t helpto laughwhen I saw the little boy inhis father’ s overcoat.A B C D51.After driving for twenty miles, he suddenly realized that he has been driving in theA B C Dwrong direction.52.Mary, together with her classmates, are in the lobby, waiting to discuss with youA B Cthe plans for the coming sports meet.D53.Of the two students, one is named Tom and another named Fred.A B C D54.In their house there are four rooms, the largest of that is used as a drawing room.A B C D55.We have come to the conclusion when this summer will be much hotter thanA B C Dbefore.Part IV 10%My friend Jane once found a weasel( 鼬鼠 )when h e was very young.As she was fond of pets,she thought she would bring him up.Of course he had to be taught:all young things have to,and this weasel knew 56.The good lady first began with57some milk into her hand and58him drink from it.Very soon,he would not take milk59 any other way.After his dinner,he would run toa soft blanket that was60in Jane’ s bedroom.He slept there61 one or two hours. This was all very well in the day,but Jane did not feel62in leaving him loose during the night.Thus,whenever she went to bed,she63the weasel up in a little cage that stood64by.If she 65to wake up early,she would open the cage,and the weasel would come into her bed and go to sleep again66 next to her.If she was already dressed when he was let67 ,he would jump all about her,and would never once miss68on her hands.All his ways were pretty and gentle.He would stand69Jane ’ s shoulder and give little soft pats to her chin.He would run over a whole room70 of people at the mere soundof her voice.He was very fond of the sun and would roll about whenever it 71on him.The little weasel was rather a thirsty animal,but he would not drink much at a 72.Baths were quite new to him,and he could not73up his mind to them.Becauseof his dislikes for baths,he suffered a good deal on74 days. His nearest approach to bathing was a75cloth wrapped around him,and this evidently gave him great pleasure.56.A.anything B.nothing C.something D.everything57.A.pulling B.linking C.pouring D.moving58.A.ordering B.asking C.telling D.letting59.A.on B.in C.for D.at60.A. made B.built C.spread D.paid61.A.for B.on C.beyond D.beside62.A.angry B.safe C.risky D.serious63.A.shut B.hit C.sent D.went64.A.short B.far C.long D.close65.A.remembered B.resolved C.happened D.occurredying B.lying y D.lie67.A. up B.out C.down D.away68.A.sitting B.sit C.visiting D.visit69.A.in B.beside C.on D.under70.A.deep B.proud C.wide D.full71.A.dropped B.shone C.found D.floated72.A.time B. moment C.minute D.place73.A.take B.detect C.make D.decide74.A.quiet B. noisy C. busy D.hot75.A.wet B.dry C. flat D.sharpPart V(20%)76.And the problem is getting more and more serious.77.Solar power has some obvious advantage over other energy source.78.The panels also take up space.79.She far exceeded her goal and collected more than 10,000 books!80.“ The biggest thing I’ ve learned is that kids’ voices need to be heard.”81.这部电影让她想起了她的童年。

2017年北京卷高考英语阅读题真题解析今年的高考英语阅读题真题中，包含了多篇文章，涵盖了各个领域的话题。

本篇解析将按照题目顺序进行解析，并提供对应的答案与解析。

Passage 1该篇文章是一则关于环保的短文。

作者通过举例和数据展示了环境问题的严重性，并提出了解决方法。

题目1：根据文章内容，选择正确答案。

1. How many climate zones is Mexico divided into?A. Four.B. Nine.C. Three.D. Ten.答案及解析：C。

题目问墨西哥被划分成多少个气候区域，文章中提到墨西哥被分成三个气候区域。

题目2：根据文章内容，回答问题。

2. Why did Yunus say the actual problem is not a lack of capability?答案及解析：因为缺乏可能性不是真正的问题。

该问题在文章的第二段有明确的句子作答。

Passage 2该篇文章主要介绍了一个被称为“车轮巡展”的旅游活动。

作者通过描述不同车站的参观内容和旅游建议，展示了该活动的独特之处。

题目1：根据文章内容，选择正确答案。

1. How long does it take from Thunder Bay to White River by coach?A. About three hours.B. About four hours.C. About five hours.D. About six hours.答案及解析：C。

题目问从雷湾到怀特里弗需要多长时间，文章中提到大约需要五个小时。

题目2：根据文章内容，选择正确答案。

2. What is suggested about those who want to take walking tours?A. They should book in advance.B. They should bring some food with them.C. They should have a walking stick.D. They should hire a guide.答案及解析：A。

2017年上半年北京学位英语考试真题及答案解析（完整版）Part I Reading Comprehension (30%)Directions: There are three passages In this part Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice and blacken the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.Passage 1Questions 1 to 5 are based on the following passage:People say that money cannot buy happiness. This was true for Howard Hughes. (76) He was one of the richest and most powerful men of his time. He bad everything: good look success, power, and a lot of money. But he didn’t have lave or friendship because he couldn’t buy them. All his life he used his money to control everything and everyone around him. In the end, he lostcontrol of everything, even himself.Howard Hughes was born in 1905 in Houston, Texas. His father started the Hughes Tool Company. He was a workaholic（工作狂）and made a lot of money. He bought everything he wanted. He even gave money to schools so Howard could get into them. From his father, Howard learned to be a successful but merciless businessman. Hughes’s mother, Allene also had a big influence on his life. Howard was her only child. She protected him and gave him everything. Unfortunately Allene had mental problems. (77)She was afraid of germs and diseases. She was obsessed with Howard's health，and he became obsessed win it too.Allene died when Howard was 16 years old. Two years later his father died. Hughes inherited the Hughes Tool Company. Then he married Ella Rice. He andElla moved to Los Angeles, California. It was there that Howard Hughes began to become a legend （传奇人物）. Hughes began to invest his money in movies. He became an important producer soon after he moved to California. He worked hard, but he also played hard. He became obsessed with power and control. When he couldn’t get something legally, he gave money politicians and businessmen so they would help him. He owned a lot of businesses, including airplane companies, a movie studio（制片厂）, Las Vegas hotels, gold and silver mines, and radio and television stations. Once he bought a television studio so he could watch movies all night He also bought a hotel because he wanted to stay in his favorite room for one weekend.1.Accordign to the passage ,Howard Hughes was hot _____.A. good-lookingB. wealthyC. friendlyD. powerful2. Which of the following about Hughes' father is NOT TRUE?A.He started the Hughes Tool Company.B.He liked to spend money.C.He worked hard.D.He drank alcohol a lot.3. Howard Hughes' parents died _____.A. when he was 16 years oldB. before he was 19 years oldC. after he got marriedD. after he moved to California4.The word obsessed in Paragraph 2 probably means .A. troubledB. reducedC. relatedD. informed5.From the passage, we learn what Mr. Hughes lacked in his life was _____.A. educationB. loveC. moneyD. good looksPassage 2Questions 6 to 10 are based on the following passage:Half of the world's coral reefs （珊瑚礁）have died in the last 30 years. Now scientists are racing to ensure that the rest survive. Even if global warning were to right now, scientists predict that more than 90% of corals will die by 2050. If no major steps are taken to address the problem, the reefs may be headed for total extinction（灭绝）.(78) The planet’s health depends on the survival of coral reefs. They described as “the rainforests of the sea", because they provide shelter for a wide variety of sea life. In addition, the reefs serve as barriers that protect coastlines from the full force of powerful storms.Coral are used in medical research for cures to diseases. They are key to local economies as well, since the reefs attract tourists, the fishing industry, and other businesses, bringing in billions of dolllars.（79）Corals are particular sensitive to changes in temperature. A riseof just 1 to 2 degrees can force the corals to drive out the algae（水藻）. Then the corals turn white in a process called “bleaching”. Corals can recover from short-term bleaching, but long-term bleaching can cause permanent damage. In 1998, when sea surface temperatures were the highest in recorded history, coral reefs around the world suffered the most severe bleaching. It is estimated that even under the best of conditions, many of these coral reefswill need decades to recover.Although reefs face other threats from pollution, industrial activities, and overfishing, it is global climate change that most concerns scientists. Scientists remain hopeful that it’s not too late to save the reefs, and some are moving ahead on experiments to accomplish that goal.6. Which of the following is the best title for the passage?A.Rising Global TemperaturesB.Rainforests Are in DangerC.Coral Reefs Face ExtinctionD.Global Climate Change7.The word address in Paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to _____.A.break downB.stick toC.go overD.deal with8.Why are coral reefs called "the rainforests of the sea"?A.Because they are home to a wide variety of sea life.B.Because they can protect our coasts from storms.C.Because they might supply natural medicines.D.Because they look like rainforests.9.The corals turn _____ in the process of “bleaching”.A.redB.blackC.greenD.white10.According to the passage, _____ is the biggest threat to coral reefs.A.pollutionB.overfishingC.industrial activityD.dimate changePassage 3Questions 11 to I5 are based on the following passage:Over the years, college students have stood together for what they believe in, from civil rights to anti-war policies to the more recent protests against the unequal distribution of wealth. But nowhere in history have students banned （禁止）bottled water. Until now.The bottled water ban, which Parted on just a few campuses, has now spread nationwide to more than 20 universities. The colleges have cither completely banned the use of plastic bottles altogether, or some have taken a more limited approach with partial bans.Many people believe that producing and bottled water wastes money and harms the environment. They say that bottled water is unnecessary because public water supplies in the U.S. arc among the best in the world. Water fountains and reusable bottles with easy access（获取）to filling stations are a better choice.An organization called Ban the Bottle raises awareness about the economic and environmental costs of using plastic bottles. The group claims that eight glasses of water a day costs each person 49 cents annually, while drinking from plastic containers costs $I,400 per year. Plastic bottles contain antimony—a chemical that in low doses causes depression, but in large doses can even lead to death.The controversy over bottled or tap is not limited to the students and college administrations. The makers of bottled water see the movement as a threat. (80) They argue that plastic bottles make UP a small portion of the nation’s total waste. It's unfair to single out （单独挑出）their product when so many other items are packaged in plastic containers. Plus, water is a healthy choice compared to some sodas and juices that arc also sold at school.,11.Which of the following is the main idea of the passage?A.Many universities ban or restrict the sale of bottled water.B.Many states ban or restrict the sale of bottled water.C.The bottled water industry is concerned about its decreasing sales.D.Many people are opposed to the bottled water ban.12. According to Ban the Bottle, drinking bottled water costs _____ dollars per year.A. 8B. 20C. 49D. 140013. The word controversy in Paragraph 5 is closest in meaning to _____.A. choiceB. controlC. argumentD. statement14. What does the bottled water industry use in its own defense?A.Bottled water is much leaner than tap water.B.Students should have freedom of choice.C.The bottles are made in a more environment-friendly way.D.Water is healthier than some sodas and juices.15. According to the passage, which of the following statements is TRUE?A.All the universities have banned the sale of bottled water.B.Plastic bottles may do harm to peopled health.C.The purchase of soft drinks will increase.D.Bottled is cheap and environment-friendly.Part Ⅱ Vocabulary and Structure (30%)16. They have decided to put the meeting _____ till next Monday.A. upB. onC. offD. forward17. If you get into difficulties, don’t hesitate to ask _____ advice.A. ofB. outD. for18. While we were on holiday, our neighbor took _____ our house.A. notice ofB. care ofC. afterD. on19.20.I was trying to get into the _____ bus when I heard a voice from behind.A. crowdB. crowdingC. crowdsD. crowded21. Honesty is the most important _____ a man should have.A. effortB. habitC. qualityD. question22. That student _____ his hand every time I asked a question.A. made upB. put upC. roseD. arose23. He spoke English so well that I took it for _____ that he was an American.A. goodB. certainC. sure24. I am very _____ to you for your help.A. gratefulB. agreeatC. capableD. enjoyable25. The two girls lookA. sameB. alikeC. likeD. same one26.The children _____ happily in the classroom when the teacher came in.A. talkB. are talkingC. were talkingD. had talked27. In the road accident the other day three people _____，including the driver.A. killedB. were killedC. are killedD. have killed28.Jim’s job is to keep his boss _____ of the latest development of that product in Europe.A. informB. to informC. informedD. informing29.The young man _____ visited our school this morning is Maria’s brother.A. whoB. whichC. whoseD. what30. I’m awfully tired and can’t go any farther, Ted. Let’s have a rest, _____?A. shall weB. will youC. can youD. may I31 . _____ the manager will come or not doesn’t matter much.A. WhetherB. ThatC. IfD. What32. The American and the British _____ a large number of social customs.A. joinB. takeC. shareD. make33.Martin, when you go to the meeting tomorrow, _____ your iPad with you.A. bringB. takeC. fetchD. put34. It is a three-storey house and the kitchen is on the _____ floor.A. groundB. earthC. soilD. land35. The kids were especially _____ the coming Christmas because they would get lots of presents from their parents and uncles.A. coming up withB. looking forward toC. making up forD. getting rid of36. The used car I bought cost four _____ pounds.A. thousandsB. thousand ofC. thousands ofD. thousand37. What’s the matter with you? You _____ so pale.A. are lookingB. lookC. have lookedD. looked38. With the guide _____ the way, we set off on foot into the dark night.A. leadingB. to leadC. ledD. being led39. I tore open the box only _____ that some papers were missing.A. discoveringB. to discoverC. discoveredD. discover40. Either my parents or my elder brother _____ going to water the garden.A. areB. isC. hasD. have41. Can you image why _____?A. did the boy say thatB. the boy said thatC. did the boy sayD. the boy said42. Although it is raining hard _____A. Tom still wants to go outB. and Tom still wants to go outC. that Tom still wants to go outD. but Tom still wants to go out43. I went to _____ Shanghai yesterday. On _____ train I met a famous pop star.A. the; /B. /; theC. the; theD. /; /44. _____ of the two brothers are fond of classical music.A. BothB. AllC. EachD. Either44. _____ of the two brothers are fond of classical music.A. BothB. AllC. EachD. Either45. There are not _____ students in Class One as in Class Two.A. so manyB. so muchC. moreD. much more答案解析：阅读理解题：1.C friendly原文没有提到他友好。

2017年11月北京成人学士学位英语考试真题及答案Part I (30%)Passage 1In 2014, older Americans fell 29 million times, leading to 7 million injuries, according to a report published last week. About 2.8 million cases were treated in emergency department, and approximately 800,000 seniors went on to be hospitalized. More than 27,000 falls led to death.(76) And the problem is getting more and more serious.“Older adult falls are increasing and, sadly, often indicate the end of independence,” said Dr. TomFrieden. The falls are preventable, Friedenstressed. He said individuals, families and health care providers can take steps to resist the trend.Dr. Wolf-Klein is a medical professor in New York. She said one concern is that seniors who have experienced a fall alone at home don’t tell anyone. When that happens, prevention efforts don’t begin and they’re at risk for additional falls that lead to broken bones and brain injuries.“Elderly patients tend not to rep ort falls to their families, or even doctors. A fall is a very frightening thing that you keep quiet about. They think if they mention it, they are afraid that they will move to a nursing home or need assistants to help out in the house,”said Wolf-Klein.I t’s also a status issue and may make someone feel that they’re weaker than they really are, she explained. When someone does fall and hurt themselves, they’re often never the same, Wolf-Klein said. “You can develop chronic(慢性的)problems. After a fall, a percentage of the population will never return to walking around. People used to taking the subway, now they’re in a wheelchair, or they may need help going to the bathroom. They become frailer and lose independence,” she said.1.Which of the following is TRUE?A.In 2014, older adult falls caused 7 million injuries.B.In 2016, Americans fell 29 million times.st year, 2.8 million Americans had emergency treatment.st month, more than27,000 older Americans were hospitalized.2.From the passage we learn that older adult falls ___.A.Are decreasingB.Can’t be avoidedC.Must be treated in hospitalsually imply the end of independence3.The word frailer in Paragraph 5 probably means ___.A.LonelierB. weakerC. smarterD. better4.According to the passage, which of the following is TRUE?A. A fall is a very terrible thing that you keep quiet about.B.After a fall elderly people will not develop chronic problems.C.To prevent fells elderly people should move to a nursing home.D.Elderly patients tend to tell their families about their falls.5.What is the main idea of this passage?A.Older adult fells are on the rise.B.People should keep quiet about their fells.C.Older adults are losing their independence.D.Older adult falls cause brain injuries.Passage 2The science behind solar(太阳的) energy is not new. But Sheridan Community Schools is the first school district in Indiana to be completely solar-powered. The district finished installing solar panels(太阳能板) for all three of its schools in 2016. Some of the panels can turn to fallow the sun across the sky.Sheridan’s solar push is part of a trend. In 2008, fewer than 1,000 schools used solar power. By 2014, there were 3,727 schools with solar panels in the US. This data comes from a report by the Solar Foundation, an organization that promotes the use of solar power Roxie Brown, a program director there, says that the number of schools with solar panels has continued to rise since 2014.(77) Solar power has some obvious advantage over other energy sources. Sunlight is a renewable(可再生的) resour ce, which means it won’t run out. Solar panels don’t harm the environment. Also sunlight is free. So by using solar power, schools can save money on energy costs over time.But switching to solar power isn’t always easy Solar panelscan be expensive to install. Sheridan Community Schools had to borrow money to pay for its solar transition. (78)The panels also take up space. But for many schools, going solar is worth is.The use of solar energy can also help students learn about electricity and environmental issues. Teacher at schools that use solar power often incorporate it into their science lessons. The kids talk about it in the classroom. Then they can look at it in action. According to Brown, the educational impact of solar panels it “the most compelling reason” for schools to install them.Brown hopes the panels will give Sheridan students a global perspective. “The world is bigger than the boundaries of their school district,” he says. “They’re doing things to help the world as a whole.”6.Sheridan Community Schools coasts of __ schools.A.TwoB. threeC. fourD. five7.According to the passage, solar energy has the following benefits EXCEPT that ___.A.It creates no pollutionB.It can save moneyC.Solar panels are easy to maintainD.Solar energy is renewable8.The word incorporate in Paragraph 5 is closest m meaning to___.A.ReachB. improveC. run D include9.According to the passage, which of the following statements is NOT TRUE?A.Solar panels are very expensive to install.B.Sheridan Community Schools is completely solar-powered.C.In 2014, fewer than 1,000 schools used solar power in the US.D.More and more schools are switching to solar power to cut costs.10.Which of the following is the best title for the passage?A.Solar PowerB.Schools Go SolarC.Cheap Energy SourcesD.AGi0bal PerspectivePassage 3Marley Dias loves nothing more than getting lost in a book. But the books she was starting at school were starting to get on her nerves. She enjoyed Where the Red Fem Grows and The Shiloh series, found in so many primary school classrooms, were all about white buys or dogs-or white boys and their dogs. Black girls, like Marley, were almost never the main character.What she was noticing is actually a much bigger issue: fewer than 10 percent of children’s books released in 2015 had a black person as the main character, according to a yearly analysis by the Cooperative Children’s Book Center. In November 2015, Marley set out to gather 1,000 books with black girls as protagonists(主角). Her campaign called”#1000BlackGirlBooks”was a big success. (79) She far exceeded her goal and collected more than 10,000 books!” Through my campaign, I want to give kids a stronger sense of identity.” Marley says. (80) ”The biggest thing I’ve learned is that kid’s voices need to be heard.”In the future, Dias wants to be the editor(编辑) of her own magazine. She is already making the steps toward having a successful and meaningful career At 11, she’s aware of the racism in the publishing industry.Like the television and movies, the publishing industry does not represent black girls or other people of color in positive ways. The whitewashing(漂白) in this industry extend beyond not having people of color as characters. In 2012, white men wrote 88% of the book reviews. In 2013, only about 2% of the books were about black characters. Then if there are people of color in the books, the publishers attempt to whitewash people of color on the covers.However, Dias is making it a little easier for other black girls searching for a character that is just like them. Her project is a positive step toward young black girls seeing and experiencing their lives in books.11.Which of the following is the best title for the passage?A.Main Characters of Popular BooksB.The #1000BlackGirlBooks CampaignC.Whitewashing in the Publishing IndustryD.Further Reading for Kids and Teenagers12.The phrase “get on her nerves” in paragraph I is closest in meaning to ___.A.Make her illB. Make her excitedC. Make her annoyedD. Make her frightened13.Marley started she #1000BlackGirlBooks campaign because ___.A.She wanted to give some books to African children.B.She wanted to encourage children to read some books.C.She noticed the lack of black girls as main characters in the books.D.She didn’t like the black girls described in the books she read for class.14.The original goal of the project was to collect __ books.A.1000B. 2015C. 5000D. 10,00015.According to the passage, which of the following statements is NOT TURE?A.Marley Dias is a black girl.B.Marley Dias doesn’t like reading.C.Marley Dias wants to becamean editor in the future.D.Marley seldom represent black people in positive way.Part II (30%)16.The bank charges 6 per cent __ on all money borrowed from it.A.SalaryB.PayC.IncomeD.interest17.The doctor kept him __ on a life-support machine.A.TidyB.AliveC.GentleD.proud18.Katy can think clearly when she is not under __.A.StrawB.SpaceC.StressD.surfacest week lots of T-shirts were __ here and the cheapest cost only one dollar.A.At workB.On saleC.In practiceD.Out of sight20.He decided to devote all his time and effort __ scientific investigation.A.InB.OnC.FromD.to21.He fell in love with her at first __.A.SceneB.SightC.ViewD.look22.I have promised to help you and I’ll __ my word.A.HoldB.FollowC.StickD.keep23.If you have high blood pressure, you should __ eating too much salty food.B.SuggestC.AvoidD.relax24.During the past ten years, there have been __ changes in the country.stingB.DramaticC.PowerfulD.imaginary25.I should like to rent a house, modern, comfortable and __ , in a quiet place.A.After allB.All overC.Above allD.First of all26.We have always thought very __ of him.A.HighlyB.WellC.GreatlyD.enough27.He told his friends that he was going to Japan __.A.On dutyB.On businessC.On boardD.On the spot28.It’s no use __ for a doctor. It’s too late already.A.To sendB.SendingC.By sendingD.Having sent29.I know you’re planning to travel this summer, but do you know __?A.How much cost it will beB.How much has it costC.How much it will costD.How much will it cost30.Childish __ she may be, she is kind and friendly.A.IfB.AlthoughC.AsD.however31.---Tom, is there __ wrong with the car?---Yeah, the engine refuses to start.A.AnythingB.One thingC.Nothing32.__succeed in doing anything.A.Only by working hard we canB.By only working hard we canC.Only by working hard can weD.Only we can by working hard33.By the end of next month, you __ here for three years.A.Will have studiedB.StudyC.Will studyD.Have studied34.Your temperature has dropped, so you __ take that medicine.A.Don’tB.Mustn’tC.Needn’tD.Can’t35.___36.__ Hong Kong is one of __ busiest seaports in the word.A.The; theB./; /C.The; /D./; the37.The old man __ dead in the snow the next morning.A.FoundB.Was foundC.Was foundD.Had found38.It’s time that we __ to take care of our own house.A.BeginB.Will beginC.Have beginD.begin39.__ city to you prefer, Shanghai or London?A.WhatB.WhichC.Who’sD.whose40.Mr. Jones enjoys __ his children out for long walks.A.TakeB.TakesC.To takeD.taking41.He __ from collage three years ago, but now he is the boss of a large business.A.GraduateB.GraduatesC.GraduatedD.Has graduated42.Herry waved to his sister, __ was just getting off a bus.A.WhoB.ThatC.WhichD.Whose43.Mark’s coming to the meeting this afternoon, __?A.Doesn’t heB.Won’t heC.Isn’t heD.Shan’t he44.It was __ dark that we could hardly see the faces of each other.A.VeryB.QuiteC.SoD.too45.The car __ halfway on the road, so we had to walk home.A.Broke upB.Broke offC.Broke outD.Broke downPart III(10%)46.Mary, together with her classmates, are in the lobby, waiting to discuss with you theplans for the coming sports meet.47.Of the two students, one is named Tom and another named Fred.48.In their house there are four rooms, the largest of that is used as a drawing room.49.We have come to the conclusion when this summer will be much hotter than before.50.When Uncle Tom will come back, please tell meimmediately.51.I have lived in this city thirty years ago, so I know it quite well.52.The background music in the little cafe sounds softly and sweet to me.53.A news of his arrest traveled quicklyamong his friends.54.I couldn’t help to laughwhen I saw the little boy inhis father’s overcoat.55.After driving for twenty miles, he suddenly realized that he has been driving in thewrong direction.Part IV(10%)My friend Jane once found a weasel（鼬鼠）when he was very young. As she was fond ofpets,she thought bring him up.Of course he had to be taught all young things have to, and this weasel knew 56 , The good lady first began with 57 some milk into her hand and 58 him drink from it. Very soon, he wouldnot take milk 59 any other way. After his dinner, he would run to a soft blanket that was 60 in Jane’s bedroom. He slept there 61 one or two hours.This was all very well in the day, but Jane did not feel 62 in leaving him loose during the night. Thus, whenever she went to bed, she 63 the weasel up in a little cage that stood 64 by.If she 65 to wake up early, she would open the cage, and the weasel would came into her bed go to sleep again 66 next to her. If she was already dressed when he was let 67 , he would jump all about her, and would never once miss 68 on her hands.All his ways was pretty and gentle. He would stand 69 Jane’s shoulder and give little soft pats to her chin. He would run over a whole room 70 of people at the mere sound of her voice.He was very fond of the sun and would roll about whenever it 71 on him. The little weasel was ratter a thirsty animal, but he would not drink much at a 72 . Baths were quite new to him and he could not 73 up his mind to them. Because of his dislike for baths, he suffered a good deal on 74 days. His nearest approach to bathing was a 75 cloth wrapped round him, and this evidently gave him great pleasure.56.A.anything B.nothing C.something D. everything57.A. pulling B. linking C. pouring D. moving58.A. ordering B. asking C. telling D. letting59.A. on B. in C. for D. at60.A. made B. built C. spread D. paid61.A. for B. on C. beyond D. beside62.A. angry B. safe C. risky D. serious63.A. shut B. hit C. sent D. went64.A. short B. far C. long D. close65.A. rememberedB. resolved C. happened D. occurred66.A. laying B. lying C. lay D. lie67.A. up B. out C. down D. away68.A. sitting B. sit C. visiting D. visit69.A. in B. beside C. on D. under70.A. deep B. proud C. wide D. full71.A. dropped B. shone C. found D. floated72.A. time B. moment C. minute D. place73.A. take B. detect C. make D. decide74.A. quiet B. noisy C. busy D. bot75.A. wet B. dry C. flat D. sharpPart V(20%)76. And the problem is getting more and more serious.77. Solar power has some obvious advantage over other energy source.78. The panels also take up space.79. She far exceeded her goal and collected more than 10,000 books!80. “The biggest thing I’ve learned is that kids’ voices need to be heard.”81. 这部电影让她想起了她的童年。

2017年英语一真题(阅读理解部分) In a rare unanimous ruling, the US Supreme Court has overturned the corruption conviction of a former Virginia governor, Robert McDonnell. But it did so while holding its nose at the ethics of his conduct, which included accepting gifts such as a Rolex watch and a Ferrari automobile from a company seeking access to government.The high court's decision said the judge in Mr. McDonnell's trial failed to tell a jury that it must look only at his "official acts," or the former governor's decisions on "specific" and "unsettled" issues related to his duties.Merely helping a gift-giver gain access to other officials, unless done with clear intent to pressure those officials, is not corruption, the justices found.The court did suggest that accepting favors in return for opening doors is "distasteful" and "nasty." But under anti-bribery laws, proof must be made of concrete benefits, such as approval of a contract or regulation. Simply arranging a meeting, making a phone call, or hosting an event is not an "official act".The court's ruling is legally sound in defining a kindof favoritism that is not criminal. Elected leaders must be allowed to help supporters deal with bureaucratic problems without fear of prosecution for bribery." The basic compact underlying representative government," wrote Chief Justice John Roberts for the court," assumes that public officials will hear from their constituents and act on their concerns."But the ruling reinforces the need for citizens and their elected representatives, not the courts, to ensure equality of access to government. Officials must not be allowed to play favorites in providing information or in arranging meetings simply because an individual or group provides a campaign donation or a personal gift. This type of integrity requires well-enforced laws in government transparency, such as records of official meetings, rules on lobbying, and information about each elected leader's source of wealth.Favoritism in official access can fan public perceptions of corruption. But it is not always corruption. Rather officials must avoid double standards, or different types of access for average people and the wealthy. If connections can be bought, a basic premise of democratic society-that all are equal in treatment by government-is undermined. Good governance rests on an understanding of the inherent worthof each individual.The court's ruling is a step forward in the struggle against both corruption and official favoritism.36. The undermined sentence (Para.1) most probably shows that the court________________.[A] avoided defining the extent of McDonnell's duties.[B] made no compromise in convicting McDonnell.[C] was contemptuous of McDonnell's conduct.[D] refused to comment on McDonnell's ethics.【答案】[C] was contemptuous of McDonnell's conduct.37. According to Paragraph 4, an official act is deemed corruptive only if it involves___________.[A] leaking secrets intentionally.[B] sizable gains in the form of gifts.[C] concrete returns for gift-givers.[D] breaking contracts officially.【答案】[C] concrete returns for gift-givers.38. The court's ruling is based on the assumption that public officials are___________.[A] justified in addressing the needs of their constituents.[B] qualified to deal independently with bureaucraticissues.[C] allowed to focus on the concerns of their supporters.[D] exempt from conviction on the charge of favoritism.【答案】[A] justified in addressing the needs of their constituents.39. Well-enforced laws in government transparency are needed to________________________.[A] awaken the conscience of officials.[B] guarantee fair play in official access.[C] allow for certain kinds of lobbying.[D] inspire hopes in average people.【答案】[B] guarantee fair play in official access.40. The author's attitude toward the court's ruling is___________.[A] sarcastic.[B] tolerant.[C] skeptical.[D] supportive【答案】[D] supportive。

阅读理解（共两节，40 分）(2017年真题)第一节（共15 小题；每小题2 分，共30 分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

AIt was a cold March day in High Point, North Carolina. The girls on the Wesleyan Academy softball were waiting for their next turns at bat during practice, stamping their feet to stay warm, Eighth-grader Taylor Bisbee shivered(发抖) a little as she watched her teammate Paris White play. The two didn’t know each other well — Taylor had just moved to town a month or so before.Suddenly, Paris fell to t he ground,“Paris’s eye rolled back,” Taylor says. “She started shaking. I knew it was an emergency.”It certainly was, Paris had suffered a sudden heart failure. Without immediate medical care, Paris would die. At first no one moved. The girls were in shock. Then the zxxk softball coach shouted out, “Does anyone know CPR?”CPR is a life-saving technique. To do CPR, you press on the sick person’s chest so that blood moves through the body and takes oxygen to organs. Without oxygen the brain is damaging quickly.Amazingly, Taylor had just taken a CPR course the day before. Still, she hesitated. She didn’t think she knew it well enough. But when no one else came forward, Taylor ran to Paris and began doing CPR, “It was scary. I knew it was the differen ce between life and death,” says Taylor.Taylor’s swift action helped her teammates calm down. One girl called 911. Two more ran to get the school nurse, who brought a defibrillator, an electronic devices(器械) that can shock the heart back into work. Luck stayed with them: Paris’ heartbeat returned.“I know I was really lucky,” Paris says now. “Most people don’t survive this. My team saved my life.”Experts say Paris is right: For a sudden heart failure, the single best chance for survival is having someone nearby step in and do CPR quickly.Today, Paris is back on the softball team. Taylor will apply to college soon. She wants to be a nurse. “I feel more confident in my actions now,” Taylor says. “I know I can act under pressure in a scary situation.”56.What happened to Paris on a March day?A. She caught a bad cold.B. She had a sudden heart problem.C. She was knocked down by a ball.D. She shivered terribly during practice57.Why does Paris say she was lucky?A. She made a worthy friend.B. She recovered from shock.C. She received immediate CPR.D. She came back on the softball team.58.Which of the following words can best describe Taylor?A. Enthusiastic and kind.B. Courageous and calm.C. Cooperative and generous.D. Ambitious and professional.BInspiring young minds!TOKNOW Magazine is a big hit in the world of children’s publishing, bringing a unique combination of challenging ideas and good fun to young fans every month.Sounds too good to be true?Take a look online —evidence shows that thousands of teachers and parents know a good thing when they see it and recommend TOKNOW to their friends.Happy Birthday All Year!What could be more fun than a gift that keeps coming through the letterbox every month? The first magazine with your gift message will arrive in time for the special day.SUBSCRIBE NOW□Annual SubscriptionEurope £55 Rest of World £65□Annual Subscription with Gift PackIncludes a Mammoth Map, a passport Puzzle Booklet, and SubscriptionEurope £60 Rest of World £70Refund Policy —the subscription can be cancelled within 28 days and you can get your money back.59. Why is TOKNOW a special magazine?A. It entertains young parents.B. It provides serious advertisements.C. It publishes popular science fictions.D. It combines fun with complex concepts.60. What does TOKNOW offer its readers?A. Online courses.B. Articles on new topics.C. Lectures on a balanced life.D. Reports on scientific discoveries.61. How much should you pay if you make a 12-mouth subscription to TOKNOW with gift pack from China?A. £55.B. £60.C. £65.D. £70.62. Subscribers of TOKNOW would get .A. free birthday presentsB. full refund within 28 daysC. membership of the TOKNOW clubD. chances to meet the experts in personalCMeasles(麻疹), which once killed 450 children each year and disabled even more, was nearly wiped out in the United States 14 years ago by the universal use of the MMR vaccine(疫苗). But the disease is making a comeback, caused by a growing anti-vaccine movement and misinformation that is spreading quickly. Already this year, 115 measles cases have been reported in the USA, compared with 189 for all of last year.The numbers might sound small, but they are the leading edge of a dangerous trend. When vaccination rates are very high, as they still are in the nation as a whole, everyone is protected. This is called “herd immunity”, which protects the people who get hurt easily, including those who can’t be vaccinated for medical reasons, babies too young to get vaccinated and people o n whom the vaccine doesn’t work.But herd immunity works only when nearly the whole herd joins in. When some refuse vaccination and seek a free ride, immunity breaks down and everyone is in even bigger danger.That’s exactly what is happening in small neig hborhoods around the country from Orange County, California, where 22 measles cases were reported this month, to Brooklyn, N.Y., where a 17-year-old caused an outbreak last year.The resistance to vaccine has continued for decades, and it is driven by a real but very small risk. Thosewho refuse to take that risk selfishly make others suffer.Making things worse are state laws that make it too easy to opt out(决定不参加) of what are supposed to be required vaccines for all children entering kindergarten. Seventeen states allow parents to get an exemption（豁免), sometimes just by signing a paper saying they personally object to a vaccine.Now, several states are moving to tighten laws zxxk by adding new regulations for opting out. But no one does enough to limit exemptions.Parents ought to be able to opt out only for limited medical or religious reasons. But personal opinions? Not good enough. Everyone enjoys the life-saving benefits vaccines provide, but they’ll exist only as long as everyone shares in the risks.63．The first two paragraphs suggest that ____________.A．a small number of measles cases can start a dangerous trendB．the outbreak of measles attracts the public attentionC．anti-vaccine movement has its medical reasonsD．information about measles spreads quickly64．Herd immunity works well when ____________.A．exemptions are allowedB．several vaccines are used togetherC．the whole neighborhood is involved inD．new regulations are added to the state laws65．What is the main reason for the comeback of measles?A．The overuse of vaccine.B．The lack of medical care.C．The features of measles itself.D．The vaccine opt-outs of some people.66．What is the purpose of the passage?A．To introduce the idea of exemption.B．To discuss methods to cure measles.C．To stress the importance of vaccination.D．To appeal for equal rights in medical treatment.DHollywood’s theory that machines with evil(邪恶) minds will drive armies of killer robots is just silly. The real problem relates to the possibility that artificial intelligence(AI) may become extremely good at achieving something other than what we really want. In 1960 a well-known mathematician Norbert Wiener,who founded the field of cybernetics（控制论）, put it this way: “If we use, to achieve our purposes, a mechanical agency with whose operation we cannot effectively interfere(干预), we had better be quite sure that the purpose put into the machine is the purpose which we really desire.”A machine with a specific purpose has another quality, one that we usually associate with living things: a wish to preserve its own existence. For the machine, this quality is not in-born, nor is it something introduced by humans; it is a logical consequence of the simple fact that the machine cannot achieve its original purpose if it is dead. So if we send out a robot with the single instruction of fetching coffee, it will have a strong desire to secure success by disabling its own off switch or even killing anyone who might interfere with its task. If we are not careful, then, we could face a kind of global chess match against very determined, super intelligent machines whose objectives conflict with our own, with the real world as the chessboard.The possibility of entering into and losing such a match should concentrate the minds of computer scientists. Some researchers argue that we can seal the machines inside a kind of firewall, using them to answer difficult questions but never allowing them to affect the real world. Unfortunately, that plan seems unlikely to work: we have yet to invent a firewall that is secure against ordinary humans, let alone super intelligent machines.Solving the safety problem well enough to move forward in AI seems to be possible but not easy. There are probably decades in which to plan for the arrival of super intelligent machines. But the problem should not be dismissed out of hand, as it has been by some AI researchers. Some argue that humans and machines can coexist as long as they work in teams—yet that is not possible unless machines share the goals of humans. Others say we can just “switch them off” as if super intelligent machines are too stupid to think of that possibility. Still others think that super intelligent AI will never happen. On September 11, 1933, famous physicist Ern est Rutherford stated, with confidence, “Anyone who expects a source of power in the transformation of these atoms is talking moonshine.” However, on September 12, 1933, physicist Leo Szilard invented the neutron-induced(中子诱导) nuclear chain reaction.67. Paragraph 1 mainly tells us that artificial intelligence may .A. run out of human controlB. satisfy human’s real desiresC. command armies of killer robotsD. work faster than a mathematician68. Machines with specific purposes are associated with living things partly because they might be ableto .A. prevent themselves from being destroyedB achieve their original goals independentlyC. do anything successfully with given ordersD. beat humans in international chess matches69. According to some researchers, we can use firewalls to .A. help super intelligent machines work betterB. be secure against evil human beingsC. keep machines from being harmedD. avoid robots’ affecting the world70. What does the author think of the safety problem of super intelligent machines?A. It will disappear with the development of AI.B. It will get worse with human interference.C. It will be solved but with difficulty.D. It will stay for a decade.第二节（共5 小题；每小题 2 分，共10 分）根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。

2017年高考英语阅读真题2017年高考英语阅读真题2017年高考英语阅读真题3Dieters are often advised to stop drinking alcohol to avoid the extra calories lurking in a glass of wine or a favorite cocktail. But new research suggests that women who regularly consume moderate amounts of alcohol are less likely to gain weight than nondrinkers and are at lower risk for obesity (fatness).The findings, reported this week in the Archives of Internal Medicine, are based on a study of 19,220 United States women aged 30 to 40 who fall into the “normal weight” based on their body mass index. Researchers at Brigham and Women’s Hospital in Boston tracked the women’s drinking habits over 13 years. About 60 percent of the women were light or regular drinkers, while about 40 percent reported drinking no alcohol.Over the course of the study, 41 percent of the women became overweight. Although alcohol is packed with calories, the nondrinkers in the study actually gained more weight over time: nine pounds, on average, compared with an average gain of about three pounds among regular moderate drinkers. The risk of becoming overweight was almost 30 percent lower for women who consumed one or two alcohol drinks a day, compared with nondrinkers.The findings are certain to be confusing for women who continue to receive conflicting messages about the health benefits and risks of alcohol. Although moderate drinking is associated with better heart health, regular drinking also increases breast cancer risk.The trend toward less weight gain among drinkers doesn’tappear to hold true for men. A 2003 study of British men showed that regular drinkers gained more weight than nondrinkers. Studies suggest that drinking alcohol has different effects on eating habits among men and women. Men typically add alcohol to their daily caloric intake, whereas women are more likely to substitute(替代)alcohol for food. In addition, there may be differences in how men and women metabolize(代谢)alcohol. Metabolic studies show that after men drink alcohol, they experience little if any metabolic change. But alcohol appears to slightly speed up a woman’s metabolism.The findings don’t mean women should rush to drink alcohol to lose weight. Other research shows that once a person is already overweight, her alcohol metabolism is more efficient, and so an overweight woman may gain more weight from alcohol than a lean woman. The data do, however, suggest that for many women facing weight problems, the extra calories are probably not coming from alcoholic drinks.41. According to the study, which of the following regular drinker is less likely to gain weight than nondrinkers?A B C D42. That men regular drinkers gained more weight than women regular drinkers is due to the following except ______.A. Women are more likely to substitute alcohol for food.B. Men drink alcohol much faster than women.C. Men and women metabolize alcohol differently.D. Men have different effects on eating habits with women.43. The underlined word whereas may probably mean _______.A. so thatB. in order thatC. butD. and then44. What do the findings really mean in this passage?A. Women should try to drink alcohol to lose weight.B. To advise to stop drinking alcohol to avoid the extra caloriesC. The extra calories may not come from alcoholic drinks for many women..D. There may be differences in how men and women metabolize.45. What can a dieter probably do before reading this passage?A. Rush to drink alcohol to lose weightB. Add alcohol to his or her daily caloric intake.C. Face the weight problems alone.D. Try to stop drinking any alcohol or wine.答案：41-45 ABCCD。

2017北京高考英语试卷及答案及英语联考考试试题(2)第二节(共5小题;每小题2分，满分10分)根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

选项中有两项为多余选项。

(请将答案涂在答题卡上E=AB F=AC G=AD)Learning English can be a difficult task. While many people learn English in the classroom, the vast majority of English learning takes place outside of it.36 , it is important to know how it is used in everyday life. One of the best things you can do is to read. First ask yourself what you enjoy reading in your native language. If the subject matter is interesting to you, you will he more likely to keep going. Read a variety of different media in English, from magazines to novels. 37 . New York Times takes a more formal approach to the English language than somebody's personal blog.Consider your English level when selecting reading material.38 , but do not frustrate yourself needlessly by selecting a complex text . You can choose to be a side-by-side reader, with the English text on one page and its translation on the other page, if you have only been studying English for a couple of years.39 . So do not look up every word you don't know as you read. It will only slow things down and make the reading process much less fun. Instead, rely on what you have already known. When you come across a difficult word or phrase，use context clues to guess at its meaning. Write down or underline any words or phrases you cannot figure out. When you have finished reading, go to your list of new words. Now you can get your dictionary and look them up one by one. 40 . You will be more likely to keep reading the interesting subject.A. Challenge yourselfB. To better understand a languageC. When you want to learn English, try New York TimesD. Turn them into flash cards, keep them in mind and use themE. Putting a dictionary at hand is a good way of learning EnglishF. Your reading goal is to briefly understand what the piece is sayingG. The content and writing styles vary with the group of readers第三部分：英语知识运用(共两节，满分45分)第一节：完形填空(共20小题;每小题1.5分，满分30分)阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

阅读理解海淀区五、阅读理解（共32 分）阅读下列短文，根据短文内容，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选择最佳选项．（共22 分，每小题2 分）20．（8分）This Monday，David got four invitations．Let's read and see．Hi David，Can you play the piano？Are you good atdancing？Welcome to our school talent show．Itstarts at 4：00 pm next Monday at the gym．You canbring your friends if you like．Looking forward toyour reply．SarahHi David，I'm having a birthday party at 6：00 pm nextFriday at my house．Would you like to come？It'll befun．Lots of people from my school arecoming．Could you bring some lemonade and crisps？Hope you can come．JackHi David，Christmas is coming．Would you like to come toour Christmas party this Sunday at the School Hall？The party will last from 9：00 am to 11：00 am．We'llplay games，sing songs and so on．I think we'll havea good time．Will you write me back as soon aspossible？Mary？A．Next Monday．B．Next Friday．C．This Sunday．D．This Thursday．（2）Where will the birthday party be held？A．At the School Hall．B．At the Foreign Teachers' Building．C．At the gym．D．At Jack's house．（3）At the Christmas party，David can．A．dance and play the pianoB．watch shows with friendsC．play games and sing songsD．make lemonade and crisps（4）Why will Miss Green return to England？A．For a Christmas dinner．B．For her winter vacation．C．For a school talent show．D．For her friend's birthday party．21．（8分）A Walk in the GardenOne day，Lily walked with her mother and came to a pretty garden．Lily looked in．She saw clean roads and beautiful flowers．She turned to her mother and said，"Mum，come and look at this pretty garden．I hopeI can open the gate and walk in．"The gardener heard what Lily said，and kindly invited them to come into thegarden．Her mother thanked him，and then said，"Lily，if I take you into this garden，be sure not to touch anything in it．"Along the roads，Lily looked at everything，but she walked carefully so that she didn't touch anything she saw．The gardener was much pleased with what Lily did，so he showed her the seeds and told her the names of different flowers and plants．While Lily was enjoying the beauty of a flower，a boy came to the gate．Finding it locked，he shook it hard．But it would not open．Then he shouted，"Let me in! Let me in! Will you not let me in this garden？""No!" said the gardener．"I will not let you in，because yesterday when I let you in，you pulled some of my fruit and messed up my garden．" The boy felt sorry and went slowly away．Lily realized it is polite to take care of what does not belong to her，and she felt so much happier when she got the flowers as a gift from the gardener．（1）Who did Lily walk with when she came to a pretty garden？A．A boy．B．A gardener．C．Her mother．D．Her father．（2）Lily got into the garden after．A．she opened the gate herselfB．the gardener kindly invited herC．her mother opened the gate for herD．a boy shook the gate hard and broke in（3）The gardener did not let the boy in because the boy．A．shook the gate and felt sorryB．knew nothing about the plantsC．pulled some of the flowersD．messed up the garden（4）What can we learn from the story？A．We should accept something new．B．We should value others' belongings．C．We should get along well with others．D．We should learn to say no at some point．22．（6分）Have you ever eaten a whole packet of biscuits when you were planning to only have one？Or have you stayed up much later than you planned，or even all night，having "just one more" try in a game？Both of these are examples of mindlessness．When we live this way，we are not fully awake and not fully living our lives．When we are mindful，we are different．We are conscious of our thoughts，our actions and what is happening around us．We might notice a beautiful sunset or really listen carefully to what a friend is saying，rather than planning what we're going to say next．We are also clear about our own feelings and thoughts．So we are consciously deciding what to pay attention to，we are not worrying about the past or planning for the future and we are not trying to control or stop our thoughts or feelings﹣we're just noticing them．For most people，life is getting busier and more stressful（有压力的）．Technology means that we always have something to do and there isn't much opportunity to just "be"．People are often doing two or three things at the same time：texting while watching TV，or even looking at phones while walking．Research shows that mindfulness reduces stress．It can help you to focus，to have a better memory and to think more clearly．It can also help you to manage pain better and to improve sleep，and it can even help you to lose weight because you won't eat that whole packet of biscuits without thinking!A very simple technique that you can try right now is to close your eyes for a fewminutes and count how many sounds you can hear．This will help you to focus on what is happening right now．Another technique is to focus on a piece of food．Instead of eating it without thinking，notice how it feels and how it tastes．Both of these techniques help you to slow down and focus on the present moment，as Jon Kabat Zinn says，mindfulness is："Paying attention，on purpose，in the present moment，and without judging．"（1）Why does the writer ask two questions in the first paragraph？A．To predict the influence of stress．B．To describe the modern way of life．C．To introduce the topic of mindfulness．D．To show the importance of healthy habits．（2）The underlined words "be conscious of" in Paragraph 2 probably mean ""．A．be ready forB．know something wellC．be careful withD．take something seriously（3）Which of the following is an example of mindfulness？A．Listening to the birds singing with patience．B．Having potato chips as much as you'd like to．C．Watching a movie with a large box of popcorn．D．Taking pictures of flowers when walking in a park．五、阅读理解（共32 分）阅读下列短文，根据短文内容，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选择最佳选项．（共22 分，每小题2 分）20．【解答】1．A．细节理解题．根据"It starts at 4：00 pm next Monday at the gym．"可知，下周一下午4点在体育馆开始．故选A．2．D．细节理解题．根据"I'm having a birthday party at 6：00 pm next Friday at my house"及Jack可知，我下周五下午6点在我家举行生日派对．故选D．3．C．细节理解题．根据"We'll play games，sing songs and so on．I think we'll have a good time．"可知，我们会玩游戏，唱歌等等．我想我们会玩得很开心的．故选C．4．B．细节理解题．根据" Our foreign teacher，Miss Green，will return to England for her winter vacation soon"可知，我们的外教格林小姐不久将返回英国度寒假．故选B．21．【解答】1．C 细节理解题．根据One day，Lily walked with her mother and came to a pretty garden．一天，莉莉和妈妈走到一个美丽的花园里．可知和她的妈妈．故选C．2．B 细节理解题．根据The gardener heard what Lily said，and kindly invited them to come into the garden．园丁听到了莉莉的话，亲切地邀请他们到花园里来．可知在园丁友好地邀请了莉莉之后，她走进了花园，故选B．3．D 细节理解题．根据"No!" said the gardener．"I will not let you in，because yesterday when I let you in，you pulled some of my fruit and messed up my garden．" The boy felt sorry and went slowly away．"不!"园丁说．"我不会让你进来的，因为昨天我让你进来的时候，你摘了我的一些水果，弄乱了我的花园．"男孩感到很难过，慢慢地走开了．可知因为男孩把花园弄得一团糟．故选D．4．B 主旨大意题．根据Lily realized it is polite to take care of what does not belong to her，and she felt so much happier when she got the flowers as a gift from the gardener．莉莉意识到爱护不属于她的东西是有礼貌的，当她收到园丁送的花时，她感到非常高兴．可知我们应该珍惜别人的财物．故选B．22．【解答】1．C．细节理解题．根据" Both of these are examples of mindlessness．When we live this way，we are not fully awake and not fully living our lives"这两种情况都是无意识的例子．当我们这样生活时，我们并不完全清醒，生活也不完整，可知第一段问了2个问题是为了引出本文主题"无意识行为"．故选C．2．B．词语推断题．根据"We are also clear about our own feelings and thoughts，So we are consciously deciding what to pay attention to"我们也清楚自己的感受和想法，所以我们有意识地决定要注意什么，be conscious of 意识到，知道，可知横线处表达的意思是意识到，be ready for为……做准备；know something well清楚地知道；be careful with小心；take something seriously认真，B项符合题意．故选B．3．A．内容推断题．根据" mindfulness reduces stress．It can help you to focus，to havea better memory and to think more clearly．It can also help you to manage pain better and toimprove sleep，and it can even help you to lose weight because you won't eat that whole packet of biscuits without thinking"留意可以减轻压力．它可以帮助你集中精力．有一个更好的记忆力和更清晰的思考．它也可以帮助你更好地管理疼痛和改善睡眠，它甚至可以帮助你减肥，因为你不会吃整包饼干而不加思索，联系上下文可知"mindfulness"是帮助人专注，而不会一心多用，A项耐心聆听鸟的歌唱符合题意．故选A．密云区三、阅读理解（共31分）阅读下列短文，根据短文内容，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选择最佳选项．（共21分，每小题1.5分）14．（4.5分）It's the first day of school．The headteacher is walking around to see if everything in the school is in order．Then he hears a big noise from one of the classrooms．He walks in and sees a boy．The boy is taller than the others．It seems that the boy is making the most noise．The headteacher gets quite angry．He takes the boy out into his office．"You know you must stay here and wait，"he says to the boy．Then he goes back to the classroom．"Stop talking ! the headteacher shouts．The class goes quiet at once．The headteacher talks to them for half an hour．He tells the students that it's very important to behave themselves （守规矩）．"That's all，class．Now，" he says，"do you have any questions？" One girl stands up slowly．"Please sir，" she asks，"may we have our teacher back？"（1）On the first day of school，the headteacher hears a big noise from．A．one officeB．one classroomC．many officesD．many classrooms（2）After the headteacher shouts，the class．A．goes quietB．goes easyC．is very happyD．is still making noise（3）The boy in the office is．A．the new studentB．the noisy studentC．the students' teacherD．the headteachers student15．（6分）Years ago，I lived in a building in a large city．The building next door was only a few feet away from mine．There was a woman who lived there，whom I had never met，yet I could see her sitting by her window each afternoon，lying or reading．After several months had gone by，I began to notice that her window was dirty．Everything was unclear through the dirty window．I would say to myself，u I wonder why that woman doesn't wash her window．It really looks terrible．"One bright morning I decided to clean my room，including washing the window on the inside．Late in the afternoon when I finished the cleaning，I sat down by the window with a cup of coffee for a rest．What a surprise ! Across the way，the woman sitting by her window was seen clearly．Her window was clean !Then it dawned on me．I had been complaining about her dirty window，but all the timeI was watching hers through my own dirty window．That was quite an important lesson for me．How often had I looked at and complained to others about something through the dirty window of my heart，through my own shortcomings？Since then，whenever I wanted to judge（评判）someone，I asked myself first，"Am I looking at him through my own dirty window？"Then I try to clean the window of my own world so that I may see the world more clearly．（1）The writer could see the woman each afternoon．A．cleaning her roomB．drinking a cup of teaC．washing her clothesD．sitting by her window（2）The writer was surprised that．A．the woman's window was cleanB．the woman's window was still terribleC．the woman was standing by her windowD．the woman did cleaning in the afternoon（3）What does the underlined sentence "It dawned on me．"probably mean？A．I knew it grew light．B．It shouted at me．C．I began to understand itD．It began to get dark．（4）From the passage．we can learn．A．one should often make his windows cleanB．one shouldn't complain to others very oftenC．one must judge himself before he judges othersD．one must look at others through his dirty windows16．（4.5分）Robots（机器人）If someone asked you to draw a picture of a robot，how would it look？Look big？Look like a person？Like a ball？Or like a…？That's how we often picture robots in our minds．But real robots look many different ways．Some robots have TV cameras for eyes．Some have special cells （电池）that help them touch．Many have computer brains．How robots look depends on （取决于）the they have to do．Some can even have their parts changed so they can do different jobs．Some robots look like huge creatures．NASA sent Viking Landers to Mars in 1976．They moved around on Mars，picked up soil （土壤）and did experiments．They helped people have known more about Mars．Robots can do many things．They are taking the place of many workers．They can do boring jobs．They can do dangerous jobs，too．They can do messy jobs ，such as cleaning，painting and so on．They can do jobs no person could do，such as picking up very hot metal，exploring．Some robots can even talk to people．Robots don't get bored．They don' t get tired．They don't mind getting messy．Theycan work for the time people want．Some people are afraid robots will take jobs away from people．But that doesn't have to happen．After all，robots just do what people ask them to do．People must remember that robots are good at some things and humans are good at others．Some robots go around telling people that they don't have to be afraid of robots．These robots help people understand that robots can do boring，dangerous and dirty jobs and people can do better ones．（1）What can we learn from the passage？A．Robots can get boredB．Robots don't do messy jobs．C．Robots do what people ask them to doD．Robots can do things better than people．（2）What are Paragraphs 4 to 7 mainly about？A．What robots look like．B．What jobs robots can do．C．How robots are named．D．How people talk to robots．（3）The writer wrote " Robots" to．A．help people think like robotsB．make people laugh about robotsC．give readers information about robotsD．tell readers a story about famous robots17．（6分）Have you ever crossed the road to avoid talking to someone you meet？Would you love to go to a party and talk confidently（自信地）to every guest？And are you nervous about the idea of being at a new environment in another country？Don't worry﹣we can help you !You needn't worry if you have good communication skills．And they are easy to learn．Here are a few ideas to help you．Learn how to do small talkSmall talk is very important and prepares for more serious conversations．Be prepared !Have some conversation openers ready．For example：•Think of a news story﹣not too serious，e．g．a story about a film or a sports star．•Think of "safe" things you can ask people their ideas about music，sports，films，etc．•Think of topics （话题）that you would avoid if you were talking to strangers﹣and avoid talking about them! That way，you don't lose your confidence !Train your listening skillsListening is a skill which most people don't have，but communication is a two﹣way process﹣speaking and listening．Always remember﹣it is not polite if you talk too much．Here are some ideas to make you a listener：Do…•show that you are listening by using encouraging or something like smiling，nodding，saying"uh﹣huh" and " OK " ，etc．•keep good eye contact（接触）•look for more information to show your interestDon't …•look at your watch or mobile phone•look away from the person who is talking to you•change the subject•finish other people's sentences for themAlways remember：Talk to a man about himself and he will speak to you for hours !Learn the rulesIf you go to a new environment in another country，remember that rules can be different．In some countries，for example，you have to arrive on time at a party；in other countries，you don't need to．In most places，you don't have to take a gift to a party﹣but find out first !（1）To learn to do small talk，we may start a conversation by．A．looking at the mobile phoneB．talking about music，sports or filmsC．taking some gifts to the person you meetD．using encouraging noises or something like that（2）To train our listening skills，we'd better．A．remember the rules are differentB．think of a news story about a sports starC．smile from time to time to show our interestD．look away from the person who is talking to us（3）What does the underlined （下划线的）sentence tell you about people？A．Men like to be good listeners．B．Men like to show off through stories．C．People will speak if they know each other very well．D．People are more interested in topics about themselves．（4）Where might you read a passage like this？A．In a newspaper about how to make people happy．B．In a book which helps you prepare for an opening talk．C．In a magazine which tells you what to do at new environments．D．In an English text book about how to help students listen and think．三、阅读理解（共31分）阅读下列短文，根据短文内容，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选择最佳选项．（共21分，每小题1.5分）14．【解答】1．B 细节理解题．根据Then he hears a big noise from one of the classrooms．然后他听到一个教室里传来一声巨响．可知开学的第一天，校长听到一个教室里传来很大的噪音．故选B．2．A 细节理解题．根据Stop talking ! the headteacher shouts．The class goes quiet at once．停止说话!校长喊道．全班立刻安静下来．可知全班立刻安静下来．故选A．3．C 细节理解题．根据"Please sir，" she asks，"may we have our teacher back？"先生，"她问，"我们可以请老师回来吗？"可知男孩是学生的老师．故选C．15．【解答】1．D 细节理解题．根据I could see her sitting by her window each afternoon，lying or reading．每天下午我都能看到她坐在窗前，躺着或看书．可知作者每天下午都能看到那个坐在窗边的女人．故选D．2．A 细节理解题．根据Late in the afternoon when I finished the cleaning，I sat down by the window with a cup of coffee for a rest．What a surprise ! Across the way，the woman sitting by her window was seen clearly．Her window was clean !下午晚些时候，当我打扫完房间后，我拿着一杯咖啡坐在窗前休息，真是太惊喜了！对面坐在窗前的那个女人看得很清楚，窗子很干净！可知作者惊奇地发现那个女人的窗户是干净的．故选A．3．C 词义猜测题．根据后句I had been complaining about her dirty window，but all the timeI was watching hers through my own dirty window我一直在抱怨她肮脏的窗户，但我一直在透过自己肮脏的窗户看她的．可知结合选项，应说然后我明白了．所以It dawned on me 意为我明白了，即I began to understand it．故选C．4．C 主旨大意题．根据这篇文章内容及其句子Since then，whenever I wanted to judge（评判）someone，I asked myself first，"Am I looking at him through my own dirty window？"从那时起，每当我想评判某人时，我首先问自己，"我是不是透过自己肮脏的窗户看着他？"可知评判别人之前，必须先评判自己．故选C．16．【解答】1．C 细节理解题，根据" After all，robots just do what people ask them to do"毕竟，机器人只是按照人们的要求去做，C项正确，故选C．2．B 段落归纳题，第4段到第7段主要讲了机器人可以做的工作，它们可以代替人类做一些无聊、危险的工作，B：机器人可以做什么工作符合题意，故选B．3．C 主旨大意题，本文主要讲了机器人，包括机器人的外观、机器人可以做什么工作等，目的是向读者介绍机器人，故选C．17．【解答】1．B．细节理解题．根据第六段•Think of "safe" things you can ask people their ideas about music，sports，films，etc．•想想"安全"的事情，你可以问人们关于音乐、体育、电影等的想法．可知，为了学会做些闲谈，我们可以通过谈论音乐、体育或电影来开始谈话．选B．2．C．细节理解题．根据第十一段•show that you are listening by using encouraging or something like smiling，nodding，saying"uh﹣huh" and " OK " ，etc．通过鼓励或微笑、点头、说"嗯哈"和"好"等方式来表明你在倾听．可知，为了训练我们的听力，我们最好不时地微笑以表达我们的兴趣．选C．3．D．句意猜测题．Talk to a man about himself and he will speak to you for hours !和一个男人谈他自己，他会和你说上几个小时！可知，意思是"人们对自己的话题更感兴趣"．选D．4．C．推理判断题．A在一份关于如何让人们快乐的报纸上．B在一本帮助你准备开场白的书中．C在一本告诉你在新环境下该做什么的杂志上．D在英语课本中，如何帮助学生倾听和思考．根据第一段Have you ever crossed the road to avoid talking to someone you meet？Would you love to go to a party and talk confidently（自信地）to every guest？And are you nervous about the idea of being at a new environment in another country？Don't worry﹣we can help you !你有没有曾经试过遇见相熟的人因不想与他交谈而绕道而行？你是否喜欢参加派对和能自信地与宾客聊天吗？你对身处另一个国家的新环境感到紧张吗？别担心﹣﹣我们可以帮助你．可知，可以"在一本告诉你在新环境下该做什么的杂志上"读到这篇文章．选C．东城区三、阅读理解（本大题共13小题，共26.0分）APeople often say "We want to make the world a better place．" But how？Let's meet the children and see what they do．Maybe we can get some ideas．Lalana lives in Chiang Mai，Thailand．She knows that many schools in her city haven't got money to buy books．Lalana and her friends ask people to donate （捐赠）books．They collect the books and take them to schools in their city．Many schools have now got more and better books．Marcus lives in a small town near Melbourne，Australia．Every morning he walks to school．He sees a lot of rubbish along the road．He and his friends have a contest．They pick up the rubbish and they see who can collect the most．They clean up the streets and they have fun，too．Carla lives in Barcelona，Spain．A lot of tourists visit her city every year and they often get lost．Carla likes helping people and she's proud of her city．At the weekends．she and her big sister Anita help the tourists find the places they're looking for．When the tourists go back home．they tell their friends that Barcelona is a wonderful place!See？It isn't difficult．When every one of us does one little thing，we make the world a great place to live in．1.What does Lalana do for the schools in her city？______A. She buys some books．B. She asks people to donate books．C. She takes her books to the schools．D. She asks her friends to donate money．2.Who collects rubbish along the road to school？______A. Lalana．B. Carla．C. Marcus．D. Anita．3.How does Carla help make the world a great place？______A. She takes the tourists to her school．B. She helps the tourists find their way．C. She tells the tourists stories about the city．D. She asks the tourists to keep the city clean．BWildlife HeroWho will save a flying bird caught in fishing line？Who will give a safehome to a snowy owl with no beak （喙）？Mona Rutger-that's who! Shehas cared for thousands of injured （受伤的）animals．Mona runs awildlife centre in Castalia，Ohio，called Back to the Wild．Mona grew up on a farm．She spent a lot of time learning about the local wildlife when she was a little girl．As she got older，Mona learned more about animals．She decided that she wanted tohelp animals．She used some of her family's land to start a wildlife centre．Injured animals could live in the centre until they were ready to go back to the wild．Mona took care of the animals seven days a week．She didn't think that was too much work．though．She knew the animals needed her．In time volunteers began to help her．Some people helped care for the animals．Others put money in a fund （基金）for the centre．The fund helped pay for animal feed and medical bills．One friend wrote and told a television station about Back to the Wild．The letter led to a special award （奖）．Mona was named the Hero of the Year! She received a $ 10，000 prize from the television station．Mona used the money to help more animals．Today．Mona is still taking care of animals．She also visits schools to teach children about protecting wild places and animals．She hopes more people will become heroes for animals，too!4.Back to the Wild is ______ ．A. a place to care for injured wild animalsB. a program to help wild animalsC. a fund to save wild animalsD. a farm to feed wild animals5.After Mona's friend wrote to a television station，______ ．A. Mona became a teacher in a schoolB. volunteers started to help in the centreC. volunteers set up a fund for the centreD. Mona was named the Hero of the Year6.What did Mona do to ask more people to care for wild animals？______A. She kept injured wild animals on her farm．B. She spent time learning about local wildlife．C. She taught children about protecting wild animals．D. She talked about her centre at a television station．CCould you live without a computer or a mobile phone？It might be hard for you to imagine a life without technology （科技）．But even today，many people all over the world live happily without it．There are many tribes （部落）with much more important things to worry about than technology．One of the most famous tribes on the earth is the Maasai （马赛族）people of Kenya，in Africa．The Maasai people don't live in one place all the time．They move from place to place and make new homes each time they move．They build their homes in the forests from things they canfind in nature-mud．sticks，grass and rocks．Their villages don't have electricity （电），so computers and mobile phones cannot be used．Another tribe in South East Asia is the Hmong．These are hill people-they live in the mountains in parts of Thailand，Laos and Vietnam．They have a very traditional way of life．In fact，they live the same way now that their ancestors （祖先）used to live over 2，000 years ago．They've also got their own ancient language with two different dialects （方言）：Hmong Djua and Hmong Daw．The language comes from Southern China and it's quite different from the other languages of South East Asia．You won't find much technology in a Hmong hill village．The Koryak people，a tribe in Russia，live on the northern part of the Pacific Coast．It is very cold．For food，these people catch fish or keep reindeer （驯鹿）．Koryak children help hunt （狩猎）and cook food for their family．They also sometimes make their own clothes with reindeer skin （皮）．Life for these people is much harder than it is for you or me．Could you live comfortably without basic necessities like food，water and electricity？7.What can we know about the Hmong？______A. They live on the coast．B. They keep their own language．C. They usually move from place to place．D. they make their own clothes with reindeer skin．8.What does the writer think of the life of the tribes？______A. Poor but free．B. Hard but happy．C. Wild but relaxing．D. Busy but enjoyable．9.Which of the following would be the best title for the passage？______A. Advantages of Living Without TechnologyB. Different Ways of Life Around the WorldC. Living Traditionally in a Modern WorldD. Technology Makes Life Much EasierDWhat's so great about exercise？Even though the thought of jogging，jumping rope，or getting hot and dirty makes you unhappy，there are ways that working out can still be fun．You might enjoy a game like volleyball，or maybe you ride your bicycle with Friends．You could also get moving by walking your dog．These are all ways to work out．or exercise．Exercise is a must in order to keep healthy．It makes your body stronger．gives you more energy，and even makes you feel happier．When you exercise，you use your muscles （肌肉）．This makes them stronger including muscles deep inside the body．such as your heart．The job of the heart muscle is to send blood（血液）throughout the body．A strong heart gets the job done much easier．It certainly is important to strengthen that muscle．When you exercise，you feel like you have more energy．Energy is the power to move around．A healthy body does not have to work as hard to move．and it does not get tired as quickly．Another advantage of exercise is that it makes you feel good，Exercise causes the body to produce a kind of chemical（化学物质）in the brain（大脑）that calms you，and raises your spirits too．This chemical change makes you feel good，just like the good feelings you get from being stronger and having more energy．Eating right is another way to stay healthy．Breakfast is very important if you make it a healthy one．It gives power to your body and to your brain．It's easier to choose healthy foods if you know what you need，Children generally need about a cup and a half of fruit and a cup and a half of vegetables every day．You should drink between four and eight glasses of water and juice each day．The final ingredient（因素）for good health is to get enough rest．Growing children need about nine hours of sleep every night．When the body is asleep，it repairs（修复）itself．The body is like a machine．If you take good care of it．it can work well for a long time．10.The word "strengthen" in Paragraph 3 probably means " ______ "．A. to make something easierB. to make something largerC. to make something heavierD. to make something stronger11.How many advantages of exercise are talked about in the passage？______A. 2B. 3C. 4D. 512.What can we learn from the passage？______A. Sleep helps the body repair itself．B. The body can work well all the time like a machine．C. Healthy people don't feel tired when they exercise．D. Children should drink eight glasses of water each day．13.The passage is mainly about ______ ．A. the importance of eating rightB. the importance of exerciseC. how to keep good healthD. how to feel happy19.【答案】【小题1】B 【小题2】C 【小题3】B。

2017—2018学年度第一学期期末考试学术英语阅读院/系_________________姓名_________________班级_________________学号_________________DirectionRead the following passage.While you’re reading,please pay special attention to the underlined or shaded words, phrases and sentences.You’ll be asked to explain them in English later after reading.The Price of PreferenceShelby Steele51015202530In a few short years,many blacks and a considerable number of whites would say that I was sanctimoniously(圣洁地) making affirmative action①into a test of character.They would say that this small preference is the meagerest recompense for centuries of unrelieved oppression.And to these arguments other very obvious facts must be added. In America,many marginally competent or flatly incompetent whites are hired every day—some because their white skin suits the conscious or unconscious racial preference of their employers.The white children of alumni are often grandfathered into elite universities inwhat can only be seen as a residual benefit of historic white privilege.Worse,white incompetence is always an individual matter,but for blacks it is often confirmation of ugly stereotypes.Given that unfairness cuts both ways, doesn’t it only balance the scales of history,doesn’t this repay,in a small way,the systematic denial under which my children’s grandfather lived out his days?In theory,affirmative action certainly has all the moral symmetry that fairness requires—the injustice of historical and even contemporary white advantage is offset (补偿)with black advantage;preference replaces prejudice,inclusion(1)answers exclusion.It is reformist and corrective,even repentant and redemptive (忏悔与救赎的).And I would never sneer at these good intentions.Born in the late forties in Chicago,I started my education(a charitable term in this case)in a segregated(种族隔离的)school and suffered all the indignities that come to blacks in a segregated society. My father,born in the South,made it only to the third grade before the white man’s fields took permanent priority(永久性优先)over his formal education.And though he educated himself into an advanced reader withan almost professorial authority,he could only drive a truck for a living,and never earned more than$90a week in his entire life.So yes,it is crucial to my sense of citizenship,to my ability to identify with the spirit and the interests of America,to know that this country, however imperfectly,recognizes its past sins and wishes to correct them.Yet good intentions can blind us to the effects they generate when implemented.In our society affirmative action is,among other things,a(2)testament to white goodwill and to black power,and in the midst of these heavy investments its effects can be hard to see.But after twenty years of implementation I think that affirmative action has shown itself to be more bad than good and that blacks—whom I will focus on in this essay—now stand to lose more from it than they gain.In talking with affirmative action administrators and with blacks and whites in general,I found that supporters of affirmative action focus on its good intentions while detractors(反对者)emphasize its negative effects. Proponents talk about“diversity”and“pluralism”; opponents speak of(3)“reverse discrimination”,theunfairness of quotas(指标)and set-asides(保留名额).[1] It was virtually impossible to find people outside either camp.The closest I came was a white male manager at a large computer①Affirmative action is the policy of favoring members ofa disadvantaged group who suffer or have suffered from discrimination within a culture.平权运动，扶持政策354045505560657075company who said,“I think it amounts to reverse discrimination,but I’ll put up with a little of that for a little more diversity.”I’ll live with a little of the effect to gain a little of the intention,he seemed to be saying.But this only makes him a halfhearted supporter of affirmative action.I think many people who don’t really like affirmative action support it to one degree or another anyway.I believe they do this because of what happened to white and black Americans in the crucible(坩埚)of the sixties, when whites were confronted with their racial guilt and blacks tasted their first real power.In that stormy time white absolution and black power coalesced into virtual mandates(命令)for society.Affirmative action became a meeting ground for those mandates in the law,and in thelate sixties and early seventies it underwent a remarkable escalation of its mission from simple anti-discrimination enforcement to(4)social engineering by means of quotas, goals,timetables,set-asides and other forms of preferential treatment.Legally,this was achieved through a series of executive orders and EEOC②guidelines that allowed racial imbalances in the workplace to stand as proof of racial discrimination.Once it could be assumed that discrimination explained racial imbalances,[2]it became easy to justify group remedies to presumed discrimination rather than the normal case-by-case redress for proven discrimination.Preferential treatment through quotas, goals,and so on is designed to correct imbalances based on the assumption that they always indicate discrimination. This expansion of what constitutes discrimination allowed affirmative action to escalate into the business of social engineering in the name of anti-discrimination,to push society toward statistically proportionate racial representation,without any obligation of proving actual discrimination.What accounted for this shift,I believe,was the whitemandate to achieve a new racial innocence and the black mandate to gain power.Even though blacks had made great advances during the sixties without quotas,these mandates, which(5)came to a head in the very late sixties,could no longer be satisfied by anything less than racial preferences.I don’t think these mandates in themselves were wrong,because whites clearly needed to do better by blacks and blacks needed more real power in society.But, as they came together in affirmative action,their effect was to distort(变形)our understanding of racial discrimination in a way that allowed us to offer the remediation of preference on the basis of mere color rather than actual injury.[3]By making black the color of preference,these mandates have reburdened society with the very marriage of color and preference(in reverse)that we set out to eradicate.The old sin is reaffirmed in a new guise.But the essential problems with this form of affirmative action is the way it leaps over the hard business of developing a formerly oppressed people to the point where they can achieve proportionate representation on their own (given equal opportunity)and goes straight for theproportionate representation,this may satisfy some whites of their innocence and some blacks of their power, but it does very little to truly uplift blacks.A white female affirmative action officer at an Ivy League university told me what many supporters of affirmative action now say:“We’re after diversity.We ideally want a student body where racial and ethnic groups are represented according to their proportion in society.”When affirmative action escalated into social engineering, diversity became a golden word.It grants whites an egalitarian fairness(innocence)and blacks an entitlement to proportionate representation (power).Diversity is a term that applies democratic principles to races and cultures rather than to citizens, despite the fact that there is nothing to indicate that real diversity is the same thing as proportionate representation.Too often the result of this,on campuses (for example)has been a democracy of colors rather than of people,an artificial diversity that gives the appearance of an educational parity between black and white students that has not yet been achieved in reality. Here again,racial preferences allow society to leapfrogover the difficult problem of developing blacks to parity with whites and into a cosmetic diversity that(6)covers the blemish of disparity—a full six years after admission, only26percent of blacks graduate from college.②Equal Employment Opportunity Commission均等就业机会委员会80859095100105110115120125Racial representation is not the same thing as racial development,yet affirmative action fosters a confusion of these very different needs.Representation can be manufactured;development is always hard-earned.[4] However,it is the music of innocence and power that we hear in affirmative action that causes us to cling to it and to its distracting emphasis on representation.The fact is that after twenty years of racial preferences the gap between white and black median income is greater than it was in the seventies.None of this is to say that blacks don’t need policies that insure our right to equal opportunity,but what we need more of is the development that will let us take advantage of society’s efforts to include us.I think one of the most troubling effects of racialpreferences for blacks is a kind of demoralization,or put another way,an enlargement of self-doubt.Under affirmative action,the quality that earns us preferential treatment is an implied inferiority.However this inferiority is explained—and it is easily enough explained by the myriad deprivations that grew out of our oppression—it is still inferiority.There are explanations,and then there is the fact.And the fact must be borne by the individual as a condition apart from the explanation,apart even from the fact that others like himself also bear this condition.In integrated situations in which blacks must compete with whites who may be better prepared,these explanations may quickly(7)wear thin and expose the individual to racial as well as personal self-doubt.All of this is compounded by the cultural myth of black inferiority that blacks have always lived with. What this means in practical terms is that[5]when blacks deliver themselves into integrated situations,they encounter a nasty little reflex in whites,a mindless, atavistic reflex that responds to the color black with alarm.Attributions may follow this alarm if the white cares to indulge them,and if they do,they will most likelybe negative—one such attribution is intellectual ineptness.I think this reflex and the attributions that may follow it embarrass most whites today,therefore,it is usually quickly repressed.Nevertheless,on an equally atavistic level,the black will be aware of the reflex his color triggers and will feel a(8)stab of horror at seeing himself reflected in this way.He,too,will do a quick repression,but a lifetime of such stabbings is what constitutes his inner realm of racial doubt.The effects of this may be a subject for another essay. The point here is that the implication of inferiority that racial preferences engender in both the white and black mind expands rather than contracts this doubt.Even when the black sees no implication of inferiority in racial preferences,he knows that whites do,so that—consciously or unconsciously—the result is virtually the same.The effect of preferential treatment—the lowering of normal standards to increase black representation—puts blacks at war with an expanded realm of debilitating doubt,so that the doubt itself becomes an unrecognized preoccupation that undermines their ability to perform, especially in integrated situations.On largely whitecampuses,blacks are five times more likely to drop out than whites.Preferential treatment,no matter how it is justified in the light of day,subjects blacks to a midnight of self-doubt,and so often transforms their advantage into a revolving door.Another liability of affirmative action comes from the fact that it indirectly encourages blacks to exploit their own past victimization as a source of power and privilege. Victimization,like implied inferiority,is what justifies preference,so that to receive the benefits of preferential treatment one must,to some extent,become (9)invested in the view of one’s self as a victim.In this way,affirmative action nurtures a victim-focused identity in blacks.The obvious irony here is that we have become inadvertently invested in the very condition we are trying to overcome.[6]Racial preferences send us the message that there is more power in our past suffering than in our present achievements—none of which could bring us a preference over others.When power itself grows out of suffering,blacks are encouraged to expand the boundaries of what qualifies as racial oppression,a situation that can lead us to paintour victimization in vivid colors,even as we receive the benefits of preference.The same corporations and institutions that give us preference are also seen as our oppressors.At Stanford University,minority students—some of whom enjoy as much as$15,000a year in financial aid—recently took over the president’s office demanding, among other things,more financial aid.The power to be found in victimization,like any power,is intoxicating and130135140145150155160165170175can lend itself to the creation of a new class of super-victims who can feel the pea of victimization under twenty mattresses.[7] Preferential treatment rewards us for being underdogs rather than for moving beyond that status—a misplacement of incentives that,along with its deepening of our doubt, is more a yoke than a spur.But,I think,one of the worst prices that blacks pay for preference has to do with an illusion.I saw this illusion at work recently in the mother of a middle-class black student who was going off to his first semester of college.“They owe us this,so don’t think for a minute that you don’t belong there.”This is the logic by which many blacks,and some whites,justify affirmative action—it is something“owed,”a form of reparation.But this logic overlooks a much harder and less digestible reality,that it is impossible to repay blacks living today for the historic suffering of the race.If all blacks were given a million dollars tomorrow it would not amount to a dime on the dollar for three centuries of oppression,nor would it dissolve the residues of that oppression that we still carry today.The concept of historic reparation grows out of man’s need to impose on the world a degree of justice that simply does not exist.Suffering can be endured and overcome,it cannot be repaid.Blacks cannot be repaid for the injustice done to the race,but we can be corrupted by society’s guilty gestures of repayment.Affirmative action is such a gesture.It tells us that racial preferences can do for us what we cannot do for ourselves.The corruption here is in the hidden incentive not to do what we believe preferences will do.This is an incentive to be reliant on others just as we are struggling for self-reliance.And it keeps alive the illusion that we can find some deliverance in repayment.[8]The hardest thing for any sufferer to accept is that his sufferingexcuses him from very little and never has enough currency to restore him.To think otherwise is to prolong the suffering.Several blacks I spoke with said they were still in favor of affirmative action because of the“subtle”discrimination blacks were subject to once on the job.One photojournalist said,“They have ways of ignoring you.”A black female television producer said,“You can’t file a lawsuit when your boss doesn’t invite you to the insider meetings without ruining your career.So we still need affirmative action.”Others mentioned the infamous “glass ceiling”through which blacks can see the top positions of authority but never reach them.But I don’t think racial preferences are a protection against this subtle discrimination;I think they contribute to it.In any workplace,racial preferences will always create two-tiered populations composed of preferreds and unpreferreds.This division makes automatic a perception of enhanced competence for the unpreferreds and of questionable competence for the preferreds—the former earned his way,even though others were given preference,while the latter made it by color as much as by preference. Racial preferences implicitly mark whites with an exaggerated superiority just as they mark blacks with an exaggerated inferiority.They not only reinforce America’s oldest racial myth but,for blacks,they have the effect of stigmatizing the already stigmatized.I think that much of the“subtle”discrimination that blacks talk about is often(not always)discrimination against the stigma of questionable competence that affirmative action delivers to blacks.In this sense, preferences scapegoat the very people they seek to help. And it may be that at a certain level employers impose a glass ceiling,but this may not be against the race so much as against the race’s reputation for having advanced by color as much as by competence.Affirmative action makes a glass ceiling virtually necessary as a protection against the corruptions of preferential treatment.This ceiling is the point at which corporations shift the emphasis from color to competency and stop playing the affirmative action game.Here preference backfires for blacks and becomes a taint that holds them back.Of course, one could argue that this taint,which is,after all,inthe minds of whites,becomes nothing more than an excuse to discriminate against blacks.And certainly the result is the same in either case—blacks don’t get past the glass ceiling.But this argument does not get around the fact that racial preferences now taint this color with a new theme of suspicion that makes blacks even more vulnerable to discrimination.In this crucial yet gray area of perceived competence,preferences make whites look better than they are and blacks worse,while doing nothing whatever to stop the very real discrimination 180185190195200205210215220that blacks may encounter.I don’t wish to justify the glass ceiling here,but only to suggest the very subtle ways that affirmative action revives rather than extinguishes the old rationalizations for racial discrimination.In education,a revolving door;in employment,a glass ceiling.I believe affirmative action is problematic in our society because it tries to function like a social program.Rather than ask it to ensure equal opportunity we have demanded that it create parity between the races.But preferential treatment does not teach skills,or educate,or instillmotivation.It only passes out entitlement by color,a situation that in my profession has created an unrealistically high demand for black professors.The social engineer’s assumption is that this high demand will inspire more blacks to earn Ph.D.’s and join the profession. In fact,the number of blacks earning Ph.D.’s has declined in recent years.A Ph.D.must be developed from preschool on.He requires family and community support.He must acquire an entire system of values that enables him to work hard while delaying gratification.There are social programs,I believe,that can(and should)help blacks develop in all these areas,but entitlement by color is not a social program;it is a dubious reward for being black.It now seems clear that the Supreme Court,in a series of recent decisions,is moving away from racial preferences. It has disallowed preferences except in instances of “identified discrimination,”eroded the precedent that statistical racial imbalances are prima facie(乍一看上去的)evidence of discrimination,and,in effect,granted white males the right to challenge consent degrees that use preference to achieve racial balances in the workplace.One civil rights leader said,“Night has fallen on civil rights.”But I am not so sure.The effect of these decisions is to protect the constitutional rights of everyone,rather than to take rights away from blacks.What they do take away from blacks is the special entitlement to more rights than others that preferences must always grant.Night has fallen on racial preferences,not on the fundamental rights of black Americans.The reason for this shift,I believe,is that the white mandate for absolution from past racial sins has weakened considerably in the eighties.Whites are now less willing to endure unfairness to themselves in order to grant special entitlements to blacks,even when those entitlements are justified in the name of past suffering.Yet the black mandate for more power in society has remained unchanged.And I think part of the anxiety many blacks feel over these decisions has to do with the loss of black power that they may signal. We had won a certain specialness and now we are losing it. But the power we’ve lost by these decisions is really only the power that grows out of our victimization—the power to claim special entitlements under the law because of past oppression.This is not a very substantial or reliablepower,and it is important that we know this so we can focus more exclusively on the kind of development that will bring enduring power.There is talk now that Congress may pass new legislation to compensate for these new limits on affirmative action.If this happens,I hope the focus will be on development and anti-discrimination,rather than entitlement,on achieving racial parity rather than(10) jerry-building racial diversity.I would also like to see affirmative action go back to its original purpose of enforcing equal opportunity—a purpose that in itself disallows racial preferences.We cannot be sure that the discriminatory impulse in America has yet been ashamed into extinction,and I believe affirmative action can make its greatest contribution by providing a rigorous vigilance in this area.I can guard constitutional rather than racial rights,and help institutions evolve standards of merit and selection that are appropriate to the institution’s needs yet as free of racial bias as possible(again,with the understanding that racial imbalances are not always an indication of racial bias).One of the more important things affirmative action can do is to define exactly what racialdiscrimination is and how it might manifest itself within a specific institution.The impulse to discriminate is subtle and cannot be ferretted out unless its guises are made clear to people.Along with this there should be monitoring of institutions and heavy sanctions brought to bear when actual discrimination is found.This is the sort of affirmative action that America owes to blacks and itself.It goes after the evil of discrimination itself, while preferences only sidestep the evil and grant entitlement to its presumed victims.225230The mandates of black power and white absolution out of which preferences emerged were not wrong in themselves. What was wrong was that both races focused more on the goals of those mandates than on the means to the goals.Blacks can have no real power without taking responsibility for their own educational and economic development.Whites can have no racial innocence without earning it by eradicating discrimination and helping the disadvantaged to develop. Because we ignored the means,the goals have not been reached,and the real work remains to be done. Questions are on the answer sheet.Write your answer onthe answer sheet.2017—2018学年度第一学期期末考试学术英语阅读院/系_________________姓名_________________班级_________________学号_________________Volcabulary Study(24%)Direction Choose eight words from the given options,and explain in English the meaning of the underlined words of phrases.(1)answers(L.11)(2)testament(L.22)(3)“reverse discrimination”(L.28)(4)social engineering(L.40) (5)came to a head(L.53)(6)covers the blemish of disparity(L.76)(7)wear thin(L.93)(8)stab of horror (L.101)(9)invested(L.116)(10)jerry-building racial diversity(L.211)() ______________________________________________________ ______________________________() ______________________________________________________ ______________________________() ______________________________________________________ ______________________________()______________________________________________________ ______________________________() ______________________________________________________ ______________________________() ______________________________________________________ ______________________________() ______________________________________________________ ______________________________() ______________________________________________________ ______________________________ 1.Paraphrase(36%) Direction Choose six sentences from the given options,and rewrite the sentences in English,in your own word. [1]It was virtually impossible to find people outside either camp.The closest I came was a white male manager at a large computer...(L.29)[2]...it became easy to justify group remedies to presumed discrimination rather than the normal case-by-case redress for proven discrimination.(L.44) [3]By making black the color of preference,these mandates have reburdened society with the very marriage of color and preference(in reverse)that we set out to eradicate. (L.58)[4]However,it is the music of innocence and power that we hear in affirmative action that causes us to cling to it and to its distracting emphasis on representation.(L.80)[5]...when blacks deliver themselves into integrated situations,they encounter a nasty little reflex in whites, a mindless,atavistic reflex that responds to the color black with alarm.(L.95)[6]Racial preferences send us the message that there is more power in our past suffering than in our present achievements...(L.118)[7]Preferential treatment rewards us for being underdogs rather than for moving beyond that status—a misplacement of incentives that,along with its deepening of our doubt, is more a yoke than a spur.(L.128)[8]The hardest thing for any sufferer to accept is that his suffering excuses him from very little and never has enough currency to restore him.(L.145)()____________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________()____________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________()____________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________()____________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________()____________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________()____________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________ 2.Essay Question (40%)DirectionsPlease answer in English the following two groups of questions.For each group of question,write an short essay in about130-150words.(1)Why does the author say“But the essential problems with this form of affirmative action is the way it leaps over the hard business of developing a formerly oppressed people to the point where they can achieve proportionate representation on their own(given equal opportunity)and goes straight for the proportionate representation,this may satisfy some whites of their innocence and some blacks。

北大17秋季36081002-大学英语2-第一组答案第一篇：北大17秋季36081002-大学英语2-第一组答案一、英译汉(共35题，每题2分，共70分)请把下列各句英文翻译成中文。

鼓励独立完成作业，严惩抄袭。

使用有道、谷歌等翻译工具完成作业的，一经发现，本题记零分。

1.A dolphin is always well-known as a clever and friendly animal.海豚总是被认为是聪明又友好的动物。

试题编号：试题类型：简答题标准答案：*** 试题难度：一般试题解析：*** 考生答案：海豚总是被认为是聪明又友好的动物。

考生得分：*** 是否评分：未评分评价描述：*** 2.A lot of natural resources in the mountain area are to be exploited and used.这个山区的大量自然资源将被开采利用。

试题编号：试题类型：简答题标准答案：*** 试题难度：一般试题解析：*** 考生答案：这个山区的大量自然资源将被开采利用。

考生得分：*** 是否评分：未评分评价描述：*** 3.Air pollution is more serious than water pollution.空气污染比水源污染更加严重。

试题编号：试题类型：简答题标准答案：*** 试题难度：一般试题解析：*** 考生答案：空气污染比水源污染更加严重。

考生得分：*** 是否评分：未评分评价描述：*** 4.People of various backgrounds applied for the job.来自各种不同背景的人都在申请这个工作。

试题编号：试题类型：简答题标准答案：*** 试题难度：一般试题解析：*** 考生答案：来自各种不同背景的人都在申请这个工作。

考生得分：*** 是否评分：未评分评价描述：*** 5.As is known to the world, Mark Twain was a great American writer.马克吐温是举世闻名的美国作家。

2017级大一英语上学期期末考试试卷（附答案）[权威资料]2017级大一英语上学期期末考试试卷(附答案)本文档格式为WORD,感谢你的阅读。

最新最全的学术论文期刊文献年终总结年终报告工作总结个人总结述职报告实习报告单位总结演讲稿2017级大一英语上学期期末考试试卷,附答案,Directions: There are four passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.Passage OneScience is not a set of unquestionable results but a way of understanding the world around us. Its real work is slow. The scientific method , as many of us learned in school, is a gradual process that begins with a purpose or problem or question to be answered.It includes a list of materials, a procedure to follow, a set of observations to make and, finally, conclusions to reach. In medicine, when a new drug is proposed that might cure or control a disease, it is first tested on a large random group of people, and their reactions are then compared with those of another random group not given the drug. Allreactions in both groups are carefully recorded and compared, and the drug is evaluated. All of this takes time and patience.It’s the result of course, that makes the best news—not the years of quiet work that characterize the bulk of scientific inquiry. After an experiment is concluded or an observation is made, the result continues to be examined critically. When it is submitted for publication, it goes to a group of the scient ist’s colleagues, who review the work. Einstein was right when he said: “No amount ofexperimentation can ever prove me right, a single experiment can at any time prove me wrong.”In August 1996, NASA announced the discovery in Antarctica of a meteorite(流星) from Mars that mightcontain evidence of ancient life on another world. As President Clinton said that day, the possibility that lifeexisted on Mars billions of years ago was potentially one of the great discoveries of our time.After the excitement wore down and initial papers were published, other researchers began looking at samples from the same meteorite. Some concluded that the “evidence of life” was mostly contamination from Antarctic ice or that there was nothing organic at all in the rock.Was this a failure of science, as some news reports trumpeted?No! It was a good example of the scientific method working the wayit is supposed to. Scientists spend years on research, announce theirfindings, and these findings are examined by other sci entists. That’s howwe learn. Like climbing a mountain, we struggle up three feet andfall back two. It’s a process filled with disappointments and reverses, but somehow we keep moving ahead.21. The author’s main purpose in writing this passage is to st ate that ____________.A) most scientific discoveries are not reliableB) mass media is misleading because it looks at the research results onlyC) scientific research is a process filled with reverses andrequires slow and patientworkD) repeated experiments are necessary before medicine can be used in patients22. Publication of a scientific finding signifies __________.A) a challenge to fellow scientists to prove it wrongB) the end of a processC) the beginning of a new scientific inquiryD) the soundness of the result23. Einstein’s words are used to show that he thought___________.A) experiments have proved him rightB) scientists do not need so many experimentsC) one experiment is not enough to prove him wrong.D) scientific ideas are never free from challenge24. NASA’s announcement of the discovery of evidence of ancientlife on Mars shows _________.A) the way human beings learn about natureB) the failure of the scientific methodC) the fruitlessness of human search for life on another worldD) the excitement brought by scientific findings25. It can be inferred from the passage that the media is interested in __________.A) the process of scientific researchB) the results of scientific researchC) the scientists who do the researchD) the effects of scientific research on human lifePassage TwoNormally a student must attend a certain number of courses in order to graduate, and each course which he attends gives him a credit which he may count towards a degree. In many American universities the total work for a degree consists of thirty-six courses each lasting for one semester. A typical course consists of three classes per week forfifteen weeks; while attending a university a student will probably attend four or five courses during each semester. Normally a student would expect to take four years attending two semesters each year. It is possible to spread the period of work for the degree over a longer period. It is also possible for a student to move between one universityand another during his degree course, though this is not in fact done as a regular practice.For every course that he follows a student is given a grade, whichis recorded, and the record is available for the student to show to prospective employers. All this imposes a constant pressure and strain of work, but in spite of this some students still find time for great activity in student affairs. Elections to positions in student organizations arouse much enthusiasm. The effective work of maintaining discipline is usually performed by students who advise the academic authorities. Any student who is thought to have broken the rules, for example, by cheating has to appear before a student court. With the enormous numbers of students, the operation of the system does involve a certain amount of activity. A student who has held one of thesepositions of authority is much respected and it will be of benefit to him later in his career.26. Normally a student would at least attend __________classes each week.A) 36B) 12C) 20D) 1527. According to the first paragraph an American student is allowed _______.A) to live in a different universityB) to take a particular course in a different universityC) to live at home and drive to classesD) to get two degrees from two different universities28. American university students are usually under pressure of work because_________.A) their academic performance will affect their future careersB) they are heavily involved in student affairsC) they have to observe university disciplineD) they want to run for positions of authority29.Some students are enthusiastic for positions in student organizations probably because_________.A) they hate the constant pressure and strain of their studyB) they will then be able to stay longer in the universityC) such positions help them get better jobsD) such positions are usually well paid30. The student organizations seem to be effective in _________.A) dealing with the academic affairs of the universityB) ensuring that the students observe university regulationsC) evaluating students’ performance by bringingthem before a courtD) keeping up the students’ enthusiasm for social activitiesPassage ThreeDoreen Sykora is now a junior at Mcgill University. She had adifficult time when she first began college. She said, “I was always well prepared for myexaminations. But I would go in to class to take the exam, and I would fall apart. I could not answer the questions correctly-----even though I knew the answers! I would just blank out because of nervousness and fear.” Hitoshi Sakamoto, ananthropology student at Temple University in Tokyo reports similar experiences.These two young students were experiencing something called test anxiety. Because a student worries and is stressed about a test, his or her mind does not work as well as it usually does. The student cannot write or think clearly because of the severe tension and nervousness.Now there are special university courses to help students. In these courses, advisors and psychologiststry to help students by teaching them to manage test anxiety. Such a course helps students learn to live with stress and not fail because of it. First students take a practice test to measure their worry level. If the tests show that their stress level is high, the students can take a short course to manage the fear. These courses teach students how to relax their bodies. They get training to become calm in very tense situations. By controlling their nervousness, they can let their minds work more easily. Learned information then comes out without difficulty on a test.Doreen Sykora saw immediate results after taking such a course. She now has enthusiasm about the relaxation methods. “Mostly, what I do is imagine myself in a very calm place. Then I imagine myself picking up a pencil. I move slowly and carefully. I breathe easily and let all the tension out. With each breath, more worry leaves me. It really works too. My grades have improved greatly! I’m really d oing well at McGill now. This relaxation method works not only on examinations, but it has improved the rest of my life as well.”For Hitoshi in Tokyo, the results were much the same. He is enjoying school a lot more and learning more.31. Doreen Sykora and Hitoshi Sakamoto were filled with nervousness and fear during examinations because they were__________.A) not ready and unaware of the answersB) physically so weak that they fell apartC) subject to test anxietyD) unable to write or think clearly32. The higher the students’ worry level is, __________.A) the less calm and relaxing they areB) the more difficult they will be trained to manage fearC) the more stressed and tense they areD) the longer courses they will take to manage fear33. What’s the purpose of some specialuniversity student-help courses?A) To help students to reduce test anxiety.B) To show a stress level experienced by students.C) To learn more knowledge about test anxiety.D) To have a better understanding of test anxiety.34. What’s the meaning of “blank out” in paragraph one?A) To be like a blanket.B) To be sure of an answer.C) To be relaxed.D) To be unable to think clearly.35.Which of the following best sums up the organization of the passage?A) Examples----theories----ideas.B) Problem----strategy----examples----results.C) General statement----examples----result.D) Strategy----experiment----examples.Part III Vocabulary and Structure (15 %)Directions: There are 30 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Choose the ONE that best completes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.36. The president made a _______ speech at the opening ceremony of the sports meeting, which encouraged the sportsmen greatly.A) vigorousB) tediousC) flatD) harsh37. It is not easy to learn English well but if you_______, you will succeed in the end.A) hang upB) hang aboutC) hang onD) hang onto38. Remember that customers don’t _______ about prices in that city.A) debateB) bargainC) disputeD) consult39. The newcomers found it impossible to _______ themselves to the climate sufficiently to make permanent homes in the new country.A) suitB) adaptC) regulateD) coordinate40. A _______ to this problem is expected to befound before long.A) resultB) functionC) settlementD) solution41. You have nothing to _______ by refusing tolisten to our advice.A) gainB) graspC) seizeD) earn42. One day I _______ a newspaper article about the retirement of an English professor at a nearby state college.A) came acrossB) came aboutC) came afterD) came at43. A peculiarly pointed chin is his memorable facial _______.A) markB) featureC) traceD) appearance44. I hope that you’ll be more careful in typingthe letter. Don’t _______ anything.A) omitB) leakC) lackD) withdraw45. Our new house is very _______ for me as I canget to the office in five minutes.A) adaptableB) convenientC) availableD) comfortable更多大一英语期末卷推荐:46. Those gifts of rare books that were given to uswere deeply _______.A) appreciatedB) approvedC) appealedD) applied47. The sale usually takes place outside the house, with the audience _______ on benches, chairs or boxes.A) having seatedB) seatingC) seatedD) having been seated48. He is _______ about his chances of winning a gold medal in the Olympics next year.A) optimisticB) optionalC) outstandingD) obvious49. The clothes a person wears may express his _______or social position.A) curiosityB) statusC) determinationD) significance50. I don’t know the word. I had to _______ a dictionary.A) throw upB) make outC) refer toD) take over51. Look at these beautiful Japanese stamps. Roger gave them to me in _____ for two sets of 1988 British special issue.A) exchangeB) changeC) shiftD) switch52. It is rather _____ that the research team as awhole still has little idea about the cause of that fataldisease.A) rewardingB) demandingC) embarrassingD) requiring53. The people of African interior began to _____ gold in exchange for the goods they needed from abroad.A) desireB) affordC) offerD) receive54. We should not blame her for what happened yesterday, because that was outside her _____of responsibility.A) fieldB) limitC) extentD) range55. The students put forward some suggestions_____ consideration.A) worthlessB) worthyC) worthD) worthy of56. The author of the report is well _____ with the problem in the hospital because he has been working there for many years.A) acquaintedB) informedC) enlightenedD) advised57. After years of hard work, he finally gained ______ to the university which he longed for many years.A) accessB) commitmentC) opportunityD) reward58. _____ you have passed the driving test successfully, you can drive on your own.A) By nowB) Now and againC) Now thenD) Now that59. Within first seven seconds of meeting, people will form their opinion about others through unspoken communication like _____, postures and attitudes.A) signsB) gesturesC) symptomsD) symbols60. It had never _____ to me that our football teamwon the game.A) struckB) occurredC) hitD) meant61. The students ______ in cleaning the classroom according to the arrangement.A) alternateB) adaptC) adoptD) admit62. Have you any ______plans about how to deal with these difficulties? We need to be practical-minded.A) abstractB) consistentC) concreteD) contrary63. The professor was afraid that unless the train speeded up he would miss his _______ to New York.A) junctionB) connectionC) seatD) carriage64. When writing about controversial topics, some authors try to be _______ without favoring either side.A) reflectiveB) persuasiveC) impressiveD) objective65. Many factors such as too much stress, bad living habits can lead to poor ______ and ill health.A) experienceB) appearanceC) performanceD) competencePart IV Cloze (10 %)Directions: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should choose the ONE answer that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.Language is a signaling system which operates with symbolic vocal sounds (语声), and which is usedby a group of people for the purpose of communication.Let’s lo ok at this 66______ in more detail,because it is language, more than anything else, 67_____ distinguishes man from the rest of the 68_____ world.Other animals, it is true, communicate with one another by 69_____of cries: for example, many birds utter (发声) 70_____calls at the approach of danger;monkeys utter 71_____ cries, such as expressions of anger, fear and pleasure. 72_____ these various means of communication differ inimportant ways 73_____ human language. For instance, animals’ cries do not 74_____ thought and feelings clearly. This means, basically, that they lack structure. They lack the kind of structure that 75_____ us to divide a human utterance (发声) into 76_____.We can change an utterance by 77_____ one word in it with 78_____: a good i llustration of this is a soldier who can say, e.g., “tanks approaching from the north”, 79_____ who can change one word and say “aircraft approaching from the north” or “tanks approaching from the west”; but a bird has a single alarm cry, 80_____ means “danger!”This is why the number of 81_____ that an animal can make is very limited: the great tit (山雀) is a case82_____ point; it has about twenty different calls, 83_____ in human language the number of possible utterances is 84_____. It also explains why animal cries are very 85_____ in meaning.66. A) recognitionB) function67. A) itB) that68. A) nativeB) animal69. A) waysB) methods70. A) datingB) exciting71. A) identicalB) different72. A) ButB) Therefore73. A) fromB) about74. A) inferB) explain75. A) encouragesB) enforces76. A) soundsB) words77. A) spellingB) saying78. A) oursB) another79. A) soB) but80. A) thisB) that更多大一英语期末考试卷推荐:81. A) signsB) signals82. A) inB) at83. A) sinceB) while84. A) limitlessB) boundless85. A) ordinaryB) alikeC) classificationD) definitionC) asD) whatC) humanD) physicalC) meansD) approachesC) warningD) boringC) similarD) unfamiliarC) AfterwardsD) FurthermoreC) withD) inC) interpretD) expressC) enablesD) ensuresC) voicesD) speechesC) replacingD) pronouncingC) theirsD) othersC) orD) andC) whichD) itC) gesturesD) marksC) ofD) forC) anyhowD) somehowC) changeableD) ceaselessC) commonD) generalPart V Writing (15%)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic My View on Online Self-access Learning. You should write at least 120 words. And you should base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below:1. 一些人认为上机自主学习方式好;2. 也有一些人认为传统的授课方式好;3. 我的看法。

2017—2018学年度第一学期期末考试学术英语阅读院/系_________________ 姓名_________________ 班级_________________ 学号_________________DirectionRead the following passage. While you’re reading, please pay special attention to the underlined or shaded words, phrases and sentences. You’ll be asked to explain them in English later after reading.The Price of PreferenceShelby Steele5 10 15 20 25 30In a few short years, many blacks and a considerable number of whites would say that I was sanctimoniously (圣洁地) making affirmative action①into a test of character. They would say that this small preference is the meagerest recompense for centuries of unrelieved oppression. And to these arguments other very obvious facts must be added. In America, many marginally competent or flatly incompetent whites are hired every day—some because their white skin suits the conscious or unconscious racial preference of their employers. The white children of alumni are often grandfathered into elite universities in what can only be seen as a residual benefit of historic white privilege. Worse, white incompetence is always an individual matter, but for blacks it is often confirmation of ugly stereotypes. Given that unfairness cuts both ways, doesn’t it only balance the scales of history, doesn’t this repay, in a small way, the systematic denial under which my children’s grandfather lived out his days? In theory, affirmative action certainly has all the moral symmetry that fairness requires—the injustice of historical and even contemporary white advantage is offset (补偿) with black advantage; preference replaces prejudice, inclusion (1) answers exclusion. It is reformist and corrective, even repentant and redemptive (忏悔与救赎的). And I would never sneer at these good intentions. Born in the late forties in Chicago, I started my education (a charitable term in this case) in a segregated (种族隔离的) school and suffered all the indignities that come to blacks in a segregated society. My father, born in the South, made it only to the third grade before the white man’s fields took permanent priority (永久性优先) over his formal education. And though he educated himself into an advanced reader with an almost professorial authority, he could only drive a truck for a living, and never earned more than $90 a week in his entire life. So yes, it is crucial to my sense of citizenship, to my ability to identify with the spirit and the interests of America, to know that this country, however imperfectly, recognizes its past sins and wishes to correct them.Yet good intentions can blind us to the effects they generate when implemented. In our society affirmative action is, among other things, a (2) testament to white goodwill and to black power, and in the midst of these heavy investments its effects can be hard to see. But after twenty years of implementation I think that affirmative action has shown itself to be more bad than good and that blacks—whom I will focus on in this essay—now stand to lose more from it than they gain.In talking with affirmative action administrators and with blacks and whites in general, I found that supporters of affirmative action focus on its good intentions while detractors (反对者) emphasize its negative effects. Proponents talk about “diversity” and “pluralism”; opponents speak of (3) “reverse discrimination”, the unfairness of quotas (指标) and set-asides (保留名额). [1] It was virtually impossible to find people outside either camp. The closest I came was a white male manager at a large computer①Affirmative action is the policy of favoring members of a disadvantaged group who suffer or have suffered from discrimination within a culture. 平权运动，扶持政策35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75company who said, “I think it amounts to reverse discrimination, but I’ll put up with a little of that for a little more diversity.” I’ll live with a little of the effect to gain a little of the intention, he seemed to be saying. But this only makes him a halfhearted supporter of affirmative action. I think many people who don’t really like affirmative action support it to one degree or another anyway.I believe they do this because of what happened to white and black Americans in the crucible (坩埚) of the sixties, when whites were confronted with their racial guilt and blacks tasted their first real power. In that stormy time white absolution and black power coalesced into virtual mandates (命令) for society. Affirmative action became a meeting ground for those mandates in the law, and in the late sixties and early seventies it underwent a remarkable escalation of its mission from simple anti-discrimination enforcement to (4) social engineering by means of quotas, goals, timetables, set-asides and other forms of preferential treatment.Legally, this was achieved through a series of executive orders and EEOC②guidelines that allowed racial imbalances in the workplace to stand as proof of racial discrimination. Once it could be assumed that discrimination explained racial imbalances, [2] it became easy to justify group remedies to presumed discrimination rather than the normal case-by-case redress for proven discrimination. Preferential treatment through quotas, goals, and so on is designed to correct imbalances based on the assumption that they always indicate discrimination. This expansion of what constitutes discrimination allowed affirmative action to escalate into the business of social engineering in the name of anti-discrimination, to push society toward statistically proportionate racial representation, without any obligation of proving actual discrimination.What accounted for this shift, I believe, was the white mandate to achieve a new racial innocence and the black mandate to gain power. Even though blacks had made great advances during the sixties without quotas, these mandates, which (5) came to a head in the very late sixties, could no longer be satisfied by anything less than racial preferences. I don’t think these mandates in themselves were wrong, because whites clearly needed to do better by blacks and blacks needed more real power in society. But, as they came together in affirmative action, their effect was to distort (变形) our understanding of racial discrimination in a way that allowed us to offer the remediation of preference on the basis of mere color rather than actual injury.[3] By making black the color of preference, these mandates have reburdened society with the very marriage of color and preference (in reverse) that we set out to eradicate. The old sin is reaffirmed in a new guise.But the essential problems with this form of affirmative action is the way it leaps over the hard business of developing a formerly oppressed people to the point where they can achieve proportionate representation on their own (given equal opportunity) and goes straight for the proportionate representation, this may satisfy some whites of their innocence and some blacks of their power, but it does very little to truly uplift blacks.A white female affirmative action officer at an Ivy League university told me what many supporters of affirmative action now say: “We’re after diversity. We ideally want a student body where racial and ethnic groups are represented according to their proportion in society.” When affirmative action escalated into social engineering, diversity became a golden word. It grants whites an egalitarian fairness (innocence) and blacks an entitlement to proportionate representation (power).Diversity is a term that applies democratic principles to races and cultures rather than to citizens, despite the fact that there is nothing to indicate that real diversity is the same thing as proportionate representation. Too often the result of this, on campuses (for example) has been a democracy of colors rather than of people, an artificial diversity that gives the appearance of an educational parity between black and white students that has not yet been achieved in reality. Here again, racial preferences allow society to leapfrog over the difficult problem of developing blacks to parity with whites and into a cosmetic diversity that (6) covers the blemish of disparity—a full six years after admission, only 26 percent of blacks graduate from college.②Equal Employment Opportunity Commission 均等就业机会委员会80 85 90 95 100 105 110 115 120 125Racial representation is not the same thing as racial development, yet affirmative action fosters a confusion of these very different needs. Representation can be manufactured; development is always hard-earned. [4] However, it is the music of innocence and power that we hear in affirmative action that causes us to cling to it and to its distracting emphasis on representation. The fact is that after twenty years of racial preferences the gap between white and black median income is greater than it was in the seventies. None of this is to say that blacks don’t need policies that insure our right to equal opportunity, but what we need more of is the development that will let us take advantage of society’s efforts to include us.I think one of the most troubling effects of racial preferences for blacks is a kind of demoralization, or put another way, an enlargement of self-doubt. Under affirmative action, the quality that earns us preferential treatment is an implied inferiority. However this inferiority is explained—and it is easily enough explained by the myriad deprivations that grew out of our oppression—it is still inferiority. There are explanations, and then there is the fact. And the fact must be borne by the individual as a condition apart from the explanation, apart even from the fact that others like himself also bear this condition. In integrated situations in which blacks must compete with whites who may be better prepared, these explanations may quickly (7) wear thin and expose the individual to racial as well as personal self-doubt. All of this is compounded by the cultural myth of black inferiority that blacks have always lived with. What this means in practical terms is that [5] when blacks deliver themselves into integrated situations, they encounter a nasty little reflex in whites, a mindless, atavistic reflex that responds to the color black with alarm. Attributions may follow this alarm if the white cares to indulge them, and if they do, they will most likely be negative—one such attribution is intellectual ineptness. I think this reflex and the attributions that may follow it embarrass most whites today, therefore, it is usually quickly repressed. Nevertheless, on an equally atavistic level, the black will be aware of the reflex his color triggers and will feel a (8) stab of horror at seeing himself reflected in this way. He, too, will do a quick repression, but a lifetime of such stabbings is what constitutes his inner realm of racial doubt.The effects of this may be a subject for another essay. The point here is that the implication of inferiority that racial preferences engender in both the white and black mind expands rather than contracts this doubt. Even when the black sees no implication of inferiority in racial preferences, he knows that whites do, so that—consciously or unconsciously—the result is virtually the same. The effect of preferential treatment—the lowering of normal standards to increase black representation—puts blacks at war with an expanded realm of debilitating doubt, so that the doubt itself becomes an unrecognized preoccupation that undermines their ability to perform, especially in integrated situations. On largely white campuses, blacks are five times more likely to drop out than whites. Preferential treatment, no matter how it is justified in the light of day, subjects blacks to a midnight of self-doubt, and so often transforms their advantage into a revolving door.Another liability of affirmative action comes from the fact that it indirectly encourages blacks to exploit their own past victimization as a source of power and privilege. Victimization, like implied inferiority, is what justifies preference, so that to receive the benefits of preferential treatment one must, to some extent, become (9) invested in the view of one’s self as a victim. In this way, affirmative action nurtures a victim-focused identity in blacks. The obvious irony here is that we have become inadvertently invested in the very condition we are trying to overcome. [6] Racial preferences send us the message that there is more power in our past suffering than in our present achievements—none of which could bring us a preference over others.When power itself grows out of suffering, blacks are encouraged to expand the boundaries of what qualifies as racial oppression, a situation that can lead us to paint our victimization in vivid colors, even as we receive the benefits of preference. The same corporations and institutions that give us preference are also seen as our oppressors. At Stanford University, minority students—some of whom enjoy as much as $15,000 a year in financial aid—recently took over the president’s office demanding, among other things, more financial aid. The power to be found in victimization, like any power, is intoxicating and130 135 140 145 150 155 160 165 170 175can lend itself to the creation of a new class of super-victims who can feel the pea of victimization under twenty mattresses. [7] Preferential treatment rewards us for being underdogs rather than for moving beyond that status—a misplacement of incentives that, along with its deepening of our doubt, is more a yoke than a spur.But, I think, one of the worst prices that blacks pay for preference has to do with an illusion. I saw this illusion at work recently in the mother of a middle-class black student who was going off to his first semester of college. “They owe us this, so don’t think for a minute that you don’t belong there.” This is the logic by which many blacks, and some whites, justify affirmative action—it is something “owed,” a form of reparation. But this logic overlooks a much harder and less digestible reality, that it is impossible to repay blacks living today for the historic suffering of the race. If all blacks were given a million dollars tomorrow it would not amount to a dime on the dollar for three centuries of oppression, nor would it dissolve the residues of that oppression that we still carry today. The concept of historic reparation grows out of man’s need to impose on the world a degree of justice that simply does not exist. Suffering can be endured and overcome, it cannot be repaid. Blacks cannot be repaid for the injustice done to the race, but we can be corrupted by society’s guilty gestures of repayment.Affirmative action is such a gesture. It tells us that racial preferences can do for us what we cannot do for ourselves. The corruption here is in the hidden incentive not to do what we believe preferences will do. This is an incentive to be reliant on others just as we are struggling for self-reliance. And it keeps alive the illusion that we can find some deliverance in repayment. [8] The hardest thing for any sufferer to accept is that his suffering excuses him from very little and never has enough currency to restore him. To think otherwise is to prolong the suffering.Several blacks I spoke with said they were still in favor of affirmative action because of the “subtle” discrimination blacks were subject to once on the job. One photojournalist said, “They have ways of ignoring you.” A black female television producer said, “You can’t file a lawsuit when your boss doesn’t invite you to the insider meetings without ruining your career. So we still need affirmative action.” Others mentioned the infamous “glass ceiling” through which blacks can see the top positions of authority but never reach them. But I don’t think racial preferences are a protection against this subtle discrimination;I think they contribute to it.In any workplace, racial preferences will always create two-tiered populations composed of preferreds and unpreferreds. This division makes automatic a perception of enhanced competence for the unpreferreds and of questionable competence for the preferreds—the former earned his way, even though others were given preference, while the latter made it by color as much as by preference. Racial preferences implicitly mark whites with an exaggerated superiority just as they mark blacks with an exaggerated inferiority. They not only reinforce America’s oldest racial myth but, for blacks, they have the effect of stigmatizing the already stigmatized.I think that much of the “subtle” discrimination that blacks talk about is often (not always) discrimination against the stigma of questionable competence that affirmative action delivers to blacks. In this sense, preferences scapegoat the very people they seek to help. And it may be that at a certain level employers impose a glass ceiling, but this may not be against the race so much as against the race’s reputation for having advanced by color as much as by competence. Affirmative action makes a glass ceiling virtually necessary as a protection against the corruptions of preferential treatment. This ceiling is the point at which corporations shift the emphasis from color to competency and stop playing the affirmative action game. Here preference backfires for blacks and becomes a taint that holds them back. Of course, one could argue that this taint, which is, after all, in the minds of whites, becomes nothing more than an excuse to discriminate against blacks. And certainly the result is the same in either case—blacks don’t get past the glass ceiling. But this argument does not get around the fact that racial preferences now taint this color with a new theme of suspicion that makes blacks even more vulnerable to discrimination. In this crucial yet gray area of perceived competence, preferences make whites look better than they are and blacks worse, while doing nothing whatever to stop the very real discrimination180 185 190 195 200 205 210 215 220that blacks may encounter. I don’t wish to justify the glass ceiling here, but only to suggest the very subtle ways that affirmative action revives rather than extinguishes the old rationalizations for racial discrimination.In education, a revolving door; in employment, a glass ceiling.I believe affirmative action is problematic in our society because it tries to function like a social program. Rather than ask it to ensure equal opportunity we have demanded that it create parity between the races. But preferential treatment does not teach skills, or educate, or instill motivation. It only passes out entitlement by color, a situation that in my profession has created an unrealistically high demand for black professors. The social engineer’s assumption is that this high demand will inspire more blacks to earn Ph.D.’s and join the profession. In fact, the number of blacks earning Ph.D.’s has declined in recent years. A Ph.D. must be developed from preschool on. He requires family and community support. He must acquire an entire system of values that enables him to work hard while delaying gratification. There are social programs, I believe, that can (and should) help blacks develop in all these areas, but entitlement by color is not a social program; it is a dubious reward for being black.It now seems clear that the Supreme Court, in a series of recent decisions, is moving away from racial preferences. It has disallowed preferences except in instances of “identified discrimination,” eroded the precedent that statistical racial imbalances are prima facie (乍一看上去的)evidence of discrimination, and, in effect, granted white males the right to challenge consent degrees that use preference to achieve racial balances in the workplace. One civil rights leader said, “Night has fallen on civil rights.” But I am not so sure. The effect of these decisions is to protect the constitutional rights of everyone, rather than to take rights away from blacks. What they do take away from blacks is the special entitlement to more rights than others that preferences must always grant. Night has fallen on racial preferences, not on the fundamental rights of black Americans. The reason for this shift, I believe, is that the white mandate for absolution from past racial sins has weakened considerably in the eighties. Whites are now less willing to endure unfairness to themselves in order to grant special entitlements to blacks, even when those entitlements are justified in the name of past suffering. Yet the black mandate for more power in society has remained unchanged. And I think part of the anxiety many blacks feel over these decisions has to do with the loss of black power that they may signal. We had won a certain specialness and now we are losing it.But the power we’ve lost by these decisions is really only the power that grows out of our victimization—the power to claim special entitlements under the law because of past oppression. This is not a very substantial or reliable power, and it is important that we know this so we can focus more exclusively on the kind of development that will bring enduring power. There is talk now that Congress may pass new legislation to compensate for these new limits on affirmative action. If this happens, I hope the focus will be on development and anti-discrimination, rather than entitlement, on achieving racial parity rather than (10) jerry-building racial diversity.I would also like to see affirmative action go back to its original purpose of enforcing equal opportunity—a purpose that in itself disallows racial preferences. We cannot be sure that the discriminatory impulse in America has yet been ashamed into extinction, and I believe affirmative action can make its greatest contribution by providing a rigorous vigilance in this area. I can guard constitutional rather than racial rights, and help institutions evolve standards of merit and selection that are appropriate to the institution’s needs yet as free of racial bias as possible (again, with the understanding that racial imbalances are not always an indication of racial bias). One of the more important things affirmative action can do is to define exactly what racial discrimination is and how it might manifest itself within a specific institution. The impulse to discriminate is subtle and cannot be ferretted out unless its guises are made clear to people. Along with this there should be monitoring of institutions and heavy sanctions brought to bear when actual discrimination is found. This is the sort of affirmative action that America owes to blacks and itself. It goes after the evil of discrimination itself, while preferences only sidestep the evil and grant entitlement to its presumed victims.225 230The mandates of black power and white absolution out of which preferences emerged were not wrong in themselves. What was wrong was that both races focused more on the goals of those mandates than on the means to the goals. Blacks can have no real power without taking responsibility for their own educational and economic development. Whites can have no racial innocence without earning it by eradicating discrimination and helping the disadvantaged to develop. Because we ignored the means, the goals have not been reached, and the real work remains to be done.Questions are on the answer sheet. Write your answer on the answer sheet.北京大学外国语学院考试专用纸姓名：学号：考试类型：开卷考试科目：学术英语阅读考试地点：二教207教师：__________________考试时间：2018年1月2日星期二班级：__________________2017—2018学年度第一学期期末考试学术英语阅读院/系_________________ 姓名_________________ 班级_________________ 学号_________________ Volcabulary Study (24%)Direction Choose eight words from the given options, and explain in English the meaning of the underlined words of phrases.(1) answers (L. 11) (2) testament (L. 22) (3) “reverse discrimination” (L. 28) (4) social engineering (L. 40) (5) came to a head (L. 53) (6) covers the blemish of disparity (L. 76) (7) wear thin (L.93) (8) stab of horror (L.101) (9) invested (L.116) (10) jerry-building racial diversity (L. 211)( ) ____________________________________________________________________________________ ( ) ____________________________________________________________________________________ ( ) ____________________________________________________________________________________ ( ) ____________________________________________________________________________________ ( ) ____________________________________________________________________________________ ( ) ____________________________________________________________________________________ ( ) ____________________________________________________________________________________ ( ) ____________________________________________________________________________________ 1.Paraphrase (36%)Direction Choose six sentences from the given options, and rewrite the sentences in English, in your own word.[1] It was virtually impossible to find people outside either camp. The closest I came was a white male manager at a large computer ... (L. 29)[2] ... it became easy to justify group remedies to presumed discrimination rather than the normal case-by-case redress for proven discrimination. (L. 44)[3] By making black the color of preference, these mandates have reburdened society with the very marriage of color and preference (in reverse) that we set out to eradicate. (L. 58)[4] However, it is the music of innocence and power that we hear in affirmative action that causes us to cling to it and to its distracting emphasis on representation. (L. 80)[5] ... when blacks deliver themselves into integrated situations, they encounter a nasty little reflex in whites, a mindless, atavistic reflex that responds to the color black with alarm. (L. 95)[6] Racial preferences send us the message that there is more power in our past suffering than in our presentachievements ... (L. 118)[7] Preferential treatment rewards us for being underdogs rather than for moving beyond that status—a misplacement of incentives that, along with its deepening of our doubt, is more a yoke than a spur. (L. 128) [8] The hardest thing for any sufferer to accept is that his suffering excuses him from very little and never has enough currency to restore him. (L. 145)( )_____________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________ ( )_____________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________ ( )_____________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________ ( )_____________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________ ( )_____________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________ ( )_____________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________ 2.Essay Question (40%)DirectionsPlease answer in English the following two groups of questions. For each group of question, write an short essay in about 130-150 words.(1)Why does the author say “But the essential problems with this form of affirmative action is the way it leapsover the hard business of developing a formerly oppressed people to the point where they can achieve proportionate representation on their own (given equal opportunity) and goes straight for the proportionate representation, this may satisfy some whites of their innocence and some blacks of their power, but it does very little to truly uplift blacks.” (L. 61)? How do you understand the sentence “In education, a revolving door; in employment, a glass ceiling.” (L. 179)? Do black people really get equality in this way? Explain。

阅读理解五、阅读理解（共30分）阅读下列短文，根据短文内容，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项．（共24分，每小题8分）22．（8分）Sha ring with OthersSharing is more than taking turns with a toy．Sharing is giving and caring．Some people help make things better for everyone．They help in the community （社区）or around liter world．Pat grows food for hungry families．She collects （收集）food at the community garden．The food goes to people in need．Anna and Bob give their time．They read to a younger child who cannot read．Brittany and Robbie help soldiers （军人）．Their group sends phones to them．The soldiers can call home．This makes everyone happy．Tyler collects money and toys．He helps out．He works with a group that thinks all kids should get holiday gifts．Kids smile when Tyler comes to see them !（1）Who help soldiers？A．Anna and Bob．B．Brittany and Robbie．C．Pat and Tyler．（2）What does Bob do to share with others？A．He reads books to a child．B．He collects toys for kids．C．He grows food at the garden．（3）Tyler collects money to．A．give it to the poor peopleB．teach a younger kid to readC．buy some holiday gifts for kids（4）"Sharing" means in the passage．A．giving and caringB．working with a groupC．getting help from others23．（8分）RulerA ruler in a very useful tool．Lt can measure （测量）the length of something．Thereare many different kinds of rulers．Rulers are made of plastic，wood ，cloth ，and so on．We use a plastic ruler in the classroom．Rulers also come in different length．There am 15 cm rulers，I'm rulers and even longer rulers．Rulers were first made in the 1800s．QuarterA quarter is an American or Canadian coin （硬币）．How much is a quarter？A quarteris 25 cents．It is 1/4 of a dollar．The first quarter was made in 1796 in America．Do you know that it costs 7.33 cents to make one quarter？Equal Sign （等号）Do you like maths？You probably saw an equal sign in maths．The equal sign is a symbol in maths．It is used lo show that things are the same．It was first made by Robert Recorde in 1557．How do you read "10 + 10 ＝20"？It is read as "Ten plus ten equals twenty"．CupA cup is a kind of unit．It is used to measure how much something holds．One cup isequal to 8 ounces （盎司）．It is used in the US and Japan．However，in other countries people use different cups．We can measure salt，milk，juice，sugar and butter with acup．It is very useful when cooking．（1）Rulers were first made．A．in the 1800sB．in 1796C．in 1557（2）How much is a quarter？A．7.33 cents．B．25 centsC．15 cents．（3）From the passage，we can learn．A．rulers are very longB．a quarter is usual in many countriesC．a cup is probably used when making a cake（4）Which subject is connected with a ruler， a quarter，the equal sign and a cup？A．Geography．B．Maths．C．Chinese．24．（8分）Friends Helping FriendsJack put on his backpack （背包）and walked out of school to catch his bus home．His backpack was full of things he needed lo finish his science homework this weekend．"Hey，Jack !" Carl shouted，running up to him．"My dad's doing the park clean﹣up this weekend．Can you help out？""Um…"Jack knew he didn't have time to help，but he hated to say no．"I guess I can．""Greal．Thanks !" Carl said，waving goodbye．Jack got onto the bus and took his seat．He was going to have to stay up late tonight to work on his homework so he could help Carl in the morning．"Jack ，" Jane said，sitting down next to him．"I have to walk Mrs．Green's dogs thisweekend．Do you think you could help me？""Um…"Jack knew Mrs．Green's dogs had to be walked three times a day．How would he fit that in on top of everything else？"I guess I can．""Great !" Jane waved goodbye as the bus pulled up to their stop．Jack's backpack felt even heavier as he walked into the house．"Hard day？"his mother asked．"More like hard weekend．I have to finish my science homework，help Carl with the park clean﹣up ，and help Jane walk Mrs．Green's dogs．""Sounds like you agreed to too many things this weekend，" his mother said．" I know，but Carl and Jane are my friends．I couldn't say 'no' to them．I didn't want to let them down．"Jack looked at his mum．"What should I do？""I'm glad you want to help your friends ，but you need to have time for your own things，too．"Jack knew she was right．" Maybe I can tell Carl that I can only help for tow hours in the morning．And I can probably help Jane walk dogs early in the morning，but not at lunchtime or in the evening．" Jack said．"Mom，do you think they'll get unhappy？""Tliey're your friends．Tell them you need time to finish your science homework．They'll understand．"Jack nodded and got the phone．He told Carl and Jane the truth．As soon as he hung up，he turned to his mum．"They're fine with it，and they both offered （提供）to help whit homework too．""I knew it would work out，" Mom．said．Jack smiled．"Yeah，because friends help each other out．"I couldn't say 'on' to them．I didn't want to let them down．（1）Jack's backpack fell even heavier because．A．his mother didn't like his friendsB．his friends put more books in itC．he had more things to do（2）In his mother's eyes Jack's problem was that．A．he had too many friendsB．he didn't know how to say "no"C．he cared more about his friends than his homework（3）The underlined sentence "They're fine with it" means ""．A．They gel ready for itB．They don't get unhappyC．They can help each other（4）Jack gets to understand．A．friendship means more than just saying "yes"B．only parents can help us out of troubleC．making friends is very important五、阅读理解（共30分）阅读下列短文，根据短文内容，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项．（共24分，每小题8分）22．【解答】1．B，细节理解题，根据Brittany and Robbie help soldiers可知帮助士兵的是Brittany 和Robbie两个人，故选B．2．A，细节理解题，根据Anna and Bob give their time．They read to a younger child who cannot read可知Bob和Anna两个人帮助不能阅读的人，给他们读书，故选A．3．C，细节理解题，根据He works with a group that thinks all kids should get holiday gifts给孩子们送去节日礼物，故选C．4．A，词意猜测题，根据Sharing is giving and caring分享意味着给予和关心，故选A．23．【解答】1．A 细节理解题．根据" Rulers were first made in the 1800s"尺子最初是在19世纪发明的．A项符合题意．故选A．2．B 细节理解题．根据"A quarter is 25 cents"可知四分之一指25美分，故选B．3．C 细节推断题．根据We can measure salt，milk，juice，sugar and butter with a cup．It is very useful when cooking我们可以用杯子测量盐、牛奶、果汁、糖和黄油．它在烹饪时非常有用，可推断在制作蛋糕时会用到杯子，因为需要牛奶、果汁、糖之类的．故选C．4．B 内容推断题，文章讲了尺子、四分之一、等号以及量杯，这些都和数学有关，故选B．24．【解答】1．C 细节理解题．根据"More like hard weekend．I have to finish my science homework，help Carl with the park clean﹣up ，and help Jane walk Mrs．Green's dogs．""Sounds like you agreed to too many things this weekend，" his mother said．"更像是艰难的周末．我必须完成我的科学作业，帮助卡尔清理公园，帮助简遛格林太太的狗．""听起来你这个周末同意了太多的事情，"他母亲说．可知因为他有更多的事情要做．故选C．2．B 细节理解题．根据" I know，but Carl and Jane are my friends．I couldn't say 'no' to them．I didn't want to let them down．"我知道，但是卡尔和简是我的朋友．我不能拒绝他们．我不想让他们失望．可知他不知道如何说"不"．故选B．3．C 细节推理题．根据As soon as he hung up，he turned to his mum．"They're fine with it，and they both offered （提供）to help whit homework too．"他一挂断电话就转向他妈妈．他们对此很满意，而且他们都表示愿意帮忙做家庭作业．可知They're fine with it意思是他们可以互相帮助．故选C．4．A 细节理解题．根据I know，but Carl and Jane are my friends．I couldn't say 'no' to them．I didn't want to let them down．"我知道，但是卡尔和简是我的朋友．我不能拒绝他们．我不想让他们失望．和Jack smiled．"Yeah，because friends help each other out．"杰克笑了笑．"是的，因为朋友互相帮助．"可知杰克明白了友谊不仅仅意味着说"好"．故选A．房山区三、阅读理解（共36分阅读理解．阅读下列短文，根据短文内容，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选择最佳选项．（共26分，每小题6分）14．（6分）What do students usually do at weekends？Do you want to know？Here is a survey．？A．washes her clothesB．plays footballC．does her homeworkD．plays the piano（2）Who learns to swim in a club？A．HelenB．FrankC．MonaD．Tony（3）When does Mona visit her grandparents？A．On Saturday morning．B．On Saturday afternoonC．On Sunday morningD．On Sunday afternoon15．（6分）Mary is an American schoolgirl．She is now in Beijing with her parents．She doesn't know Chinese，but she is trying to study and speak it．She often tries to speak Chinese to her Chinese friends．Sometimes they don't understand her，because she can't speak Chinese well．It's Saturday morning．Mary is out．She is on her way to the park．She is going there to see a flower show．But she doesn't know how to get there．She asks a Chinese boy．The boy can't understand her Chinese．Then she takes out a pen and some paper．She draws flowers on it ，gives the picture to the boy and says something about it．The boy smiles and then shows Mary the way to the park．（1）Mary lives in now．A．AmericaB．EnglandC．ChinaD．Canada（2）Mary is going to．A．a new schoolB．a hospitalC．a farD．a park（3）How does she ask the way to the flower show？A．She asks the way in EnglishB．She asks the way with a sign（标志）C．She draws a picture to ask the wayD．She asks different people16．（6分）People use their mouths for many things．In the English language，there are many meanings using the word"mouth"．But some of them are not so nice．For example，if you say bad things about a person，the person might protest（抗议）and say" Do not bad mouth me．"Sometimes，people say something to a friend or family member that they later regret because it hurts（伤害）that person's feelings．Or they tell the person something they didn't mean to tell．The speaker might say，"I really put my foot in my mouth this time．"In other words，he might feel sad for saying the wrong thing．Sometimes when one person is speaking，he says the same thing that his friend is going to say．When this happens，the friend might say．"You took the words right out of my mouth ！"Some people have lots of money because they were born into a very rich family．There is an expression for this，too．You might say such a person "was born with a silver spoon in his mouth．"This rich person is the opposite of a person who lives"from hand to mouth？"This person is very poor and only has enough money for the most important things in life，like food．（1）The under lined word"regret"in paragraph 2 means．A．feel sorryB．feel excitedC．feel proudD．feel worried（2）When your friend took the words right out of your mouth，you can say""．A．You are cleverB．I am very luckyC．We have the same ideaD．I am very angry（3）The passage mainly tells us．A．English people say hurtful things more oftenB．people use their mouths do to lots of thingsC．the rich have different mouths from the poorD．the word"mouth" has different meanings in English17．（8分）It is necessary to share your feelings with others．Sharing your feelings helps you to get closer to people you care about and who care about you．Sometimes it can be really hard not to tell anyone that you're feeling sad，worried or upset（必须的）．Don't keep those feelings in your heart．If you do，it can even make you ill ！But if you talk with someone who loves you like your mom，dad or your teacher，you will not be all alone with your problems or worries．It doesn't mean your problems and worries go off，but at least someone else knows what your troubles are and helps you find ways to do with it．If the person doesn't understand what you mean right away，try explaining （解释）ina different way or give an example that has something to do with you．Of course，there aremany ways for you to tell your feelings．If you think you'll have trouble saying what's on your mind，write it down on a piece of paper．Some children，just like some adults，are more private（有隐私的）than others．That means they will feel shyer about sharing their feelings．A kid doesn't have to share every feeling he or she has，but it is important to share feelings when he or she needs help．（1）helps you to get closer to people you care about and who care about you．A．Sharing your feelingsB．Staying at homeC．Listening to musicD．Solving（解决）problems on your own（2）The passage is mainly for．A．the teacherB．the parentsC．the childrenD．the doctors（3）The writer thinks if you talk with someone about your worries，they will．A laugh at youB help you find waysC．tell others about your worriesD share the feeling with you（4）What's the best title of the passage？A．How to Make FriendsB．Talking About Your FeelingsC．Don't Laugh at OthersD．Why Do You Feel Bad？三、阅读理解（共36分阅读理解．阅读下列短文，根据短文内容，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选择最佳选项．（共26分，每小题6分）14．【解答】（1）A．细节理解题，根据原文，Helen usually washes her clothes on Saturday morning海伦通常在周六上午洗她的衣服．故选A．（2）B．细节理解题，根据原文，在Frank信息栏，He learns to swim in a club on Sunday afternoon在周日下午他在一个俱乐部学习游泳，故选B．（3）B．细节理解题，根据原文，在Mona信息栏，On Saturday afternoon，she visits her grandparents with her parents在周六下午，她和她父母去拜访她的爷爷奶奶，故选B．15．【解答】（1）C．细节理解题，根据原文She is now in Beijing with her parents她现在和她父母在北京，可知是在中国，故选C．（2）D．细节理解题，根据原文Mary is out．She is on her way to the park．She is going there to see a flower show．Mary 外出，她在去公园的路上，她打算去那儿看一个花展，故选D．（3）C．细节理解题，根据原文Then she takes out a pen and some paper．She draws flowers on it ，gives the picture to the boy and says something about it．然后她拿出一支笔和一些纸，她画了花朵在上面，把画给那男孩且关于那个说了些．可知她是通过画画来问路的，故选C．16．【解答】1．A，词义猜测题，根据it hurts（伤害）that person's feelings伤害了其他人，所以是感到后悔，抱歉，故选A．2．C，细节理解题，根据Sometimes when one person is speaking，he says the same thing that his friend is going to say．When this happens，the friend might say．"You took the words right out of my mouth ！"这句话的意思表示说了相同的话，也就是说表达相同的观点，故选C．3．D，主旨大意题，根据In the English language，there are many meanings using the word"mouth"英语里面的嘴可以表达不同的意思，下文也主要讲述的是一些实例，故选D．17．【解答】1．A 细节理解题，根据语境：Sharing your feelings helps you to get closer to people you care about and who care about you．分享你的感受有助于你和关心你的人更亲近．故选A．2．C 细节理解题，根据If you talk with someone who cares for you，like your mom，dad，friends and teachers，如果你和关心你的人交谈，比如你的妈妈，爸爸，朋友和老师，可知文章是写给孩子的，故选C．3．B 细节理解题，根据Although it doesn't mean your problems or worries die out，at least someone else knows what your trouble is and can help you find ways to deal with it．可知如果你和别人谈论你的问题或担忧，他们可以帮助你找到解决问题的方法，故选B．4．B 细节理解题，根据文章开头It is necessary to share your feelings with others．可知文章主要是谈论和别人分享你的感受，故选B．海淀区2017-2018学年三．阅读理解（共3小题，满分22分）13．（8分）Joe was an old man．The 75﹣year﹣old lived very happily in a village and had a beautiful family．His children grew up and moved to different cities．Now，Joe has four grandchildren，and they visit him during their holidays．During one vacation，Joe was preparing his home for the kids：cleaning and buying their favorite foods．After he finished working，he realized he lost his favorite watch．The watch was a gift from his wife when their first child was born．Joe treasured the watch very much，especially after his wife's death．He was very upset about losing it．Once his grandchildren came，they promised him they would find the watch．One granddaughter asked："Grandpa，do you remember when you saw the watch last before it went missing？""I guess when I was cleaning the barn!" Joe replied．The children looked for more than two hours with Joe，but they could not find it．The kids were now also sad，but they tried to comfort their grandfather．One grandson went back to the barn to look again．Joe asked why he was going there a second time．But the little boy just asked the others not to follow him and to keep silent．He was there for about 15minutes and then rushed to his grandfather．He found the watch and happily gave it to Joe．Joe was surprised and asked how he was able to find it．The little boy replied："I sat there without making a noise，and the barn was so silent．After a few minutes，I heard the ‘tick，tick' sound and found the watch．"Joe hugged and thanked the little boy．This is the power of silence．If we stay calm，we are more able to find the solution!41．From Paragraph 2，we learn that Joe D．A．knew his grandchildren very wellB．liked doing housework very muchC．got tired of his grandchildren's visitD．looked forward to his grandchildren's visits42．The underlined word "Treasure" means B．A．store for future useB．value highlyC．wear anytimeD．mention carefully43．How did one of the grandchildren find the watch？CA．He did a thorough cleaning of the barn．B．He searched the barn carefully for two hours．C．He made no noise and followed the ticking sound．D．He asked other children for help．44．Which is the right order of what happened in the story？Aa．His grandchildren came．b．They looked for more than two hours．c．The little boy sat in the barn without making a sound．d．One grandson went back to the barn again．e．Joe lost his watch accidentally．A．e a b d cB．e b a c dC．a e d b cD．a e c b d【分析】文章大意；Joe，75岁，一个人生活，有一个美好家庭．一天，他的四个孙子来看望他．那天，他的一块最喜欢的手表找不到了：这块表是他已故妻子送给他的．他的孙子们帮助他找，最后他的一个孙子，让大家安静，通过表发出的声音，找到了表．安静有时很重要．【解答】41．D．细节理解题．根据文中"During one vacation，Joe was preparing his home for the kids：cleaning and buying their favorite foods．"，我们可以得知，在孙子们拜访自己之前，Joe都会做一番准备，打扫房子，买孙子孙女们喜欢吃的东西，由此看来，Joe十分期待孙子孙女们的到来．故答案为D．42．B 词汇题．根据文章中"The watch was a gift from his wife when their first child was born．Joe treasured the watch very much，especially after his wife's death．He was very upset about losing it"，我们可以得知这个手表是妻子送给Joe的礼物，在妻子去世后，Joe更加（）这个手表，因为手表上有着Joe和妻子共同度过时光的记忆．所以应该对他来说非常珍惜，所以答案为B．43．C．细节理解题．根据文中倒数第三段Joe was surprised and asked how he was able to find it．The little boy replied：‘I sat there without making a noise，and the barn was so silent．Aftera few minutes，I heard the‘tick，tick'sound and found the watch．‘"，我们可以得知，Joe的孙子安静的在谷仓呆了约15分钟，然后根据手表发出的声音找到了手表．故答案为C．44．A．理解题．根据文章第二段he realized he lost his favorite watch可知先是手表丢了，所以第一个是e，然后是第三段Once his grandchildren came孙子们来了，所以接下来是a，然后第6段The children looked for more than two hours with Joe找了两个小时，所以b是第二个；倒数第三段One grandson went back to the barn to look again．Joe asked why he was going there a second time．But the little boy just asked the others not to follow him and to keep silent一个孩子又回去了，所以d是第四个，最后c，故选择A．【点评】本文是一篇人物故事类阅读，题目涉及多道细节理解题，做题时结合原文和题目有针对性找出相关语句进行仔细分析，结合选项选出正确答案．推理判断也是要在抓住关键句子的基础上合理的分析才能得出正确的答案．14．（6分）Yesterday Jane had a birthday party．This year she planned a very different kind of party for her birthday．It was a costume party （化装舞会）．Everyone had to dress up as an animal，a thing，or a different person．Jane told everyone that they could not buy their costumes．Theyhad to make the costumes by hand．Jane knew what costume she wanted．She used the clothes she wore to dance class．She got out herblack trousers and black shirt．Then Jane borrowed some yellow paper from her mother．She put the paper around her legs all the way from her feet to the top of her legs．She also got a big pillow．She put the pillow under her shirt to make her body look like round．After that，she made two wings （翅膀）and covered them with yellow paper．All of Jane's friends came dressed up．One boy came as a panda．He painted big black eyes on his face．Jane's best friend Laura came as an ice﹣cream．She had covered herself with brown paper．On her head she wore a big pink ball that looked like strawberry ice﹣cream．Jane's friends all had a good time making their costumes．At the party，they tried to guess （猜）what everyone was．Jim，one of Jane's friends，came as Pac﹣Man，a character in a computer game．Jim fooled （使上当）everyone at the party and he won the prize．根据材料内容选择最佳答案．（1）What was special about Jane's party？CA．Everyone had to bring their pets．B．Everyone must bring an old costume．C．Everyone had to make their own costume．D．Everyone must buy something for the party．（2）What did Jane probably dress up as？AA．A bird．B．A computer．C．A panda．D．An ice﹣cream．（3）From the passage，we know that Laura B．A．put a pillow under her shirtB．wore a big ball on her headC．covered herself with pink paperD．ate lots of ice﹣cream in the party（4）Why did Jim win a prize according to the passage？BA．Because Jane loved his costume best．B．Because nobody could guess what he was．C．Because his costume was the most popular．D．Because he taught others how to make costumes．（5）The passage is mainly about A．A．a partyB．a competitionC．Jane's friendsD．Jane's costume．【分析】本文大意：昨天是简的生日，她和她的朋友举行了一次特别的化妆晚会．【解答】答案：1．C 细节考查题．根据"They had to make the costumes by hand"可知，他们必须自己制作服装，故选C．2．A 细节考查题．根据"She put the pillow under her shirt to make her body look like round．After that，she made two wings （翅膀）and covered them with yellow paper"可知，她做了圆的躯体还有两个翅膀，所以她把自己打扮成了一只鸟，故选A．3．B 细节考查题．根据"On her head she wore a big pink ball that looked like strawberry ice ﹣cream"可知，在她的头上有一个粉红色的球，故选B．4．B 细节考查题．根据"Jim fooled （使上当）everyone at the party and he won the prize．"可知，没有人能猜出吉姆，故选B．5．A 细节考查题．A一场晚会，B一次比赛，C简的朋友，D简的服装，通读全文可知，本文主要讲述了一次聚会，故选A．【点评】阅读理解的做题技巧：先浏览所给的问题以及选择项，然后带着问题在通读原文的基础上快速地找到答案，然后再回过头来检查一遍，确保万无一失．还有，最好把答案所在的句子划出来，以便回来检查时更加的省时省力．15．（8分）Who are better at science in your class，girls or boys？These years，girls start to show more interest in the subjects of science，technology，engineering and Maths （STEM），according to a recent study from the UK．In the study，every year over the last seven years，over 20，000students who were in their final year in high school were surveyed．As for university courses，the number of girls considering choosing STEM subjects has a bigger increase than that of boys．Over one﹣fifth of the girls surveyed said they were considering jobs related to STEM，such as engineers．And the interest in engineering and science has also risen．This is an important change for women in the UK．But at present，there are not nearly as many women as men studying STEM subjects or working in the fields related to STEM．Only 13%～22% of people who graduate from university with STEM degrees are women．And women are seen only one in eight STEM jobs．Are men really more suited to STEM work than women？Of course not．This is partly because of the stereotype，which means many people think so，even though it is not correct．"It is important that young women should be encouraged to get into these jobs．In fact，STEMsubjects are fun and exciting．Studying science can do us good．It offers women chances of taking up fantastic careers and they will get higher pay in these areas，"said Niki Yates，manager of GSK's business．（1）According to the recent study from the UK，we can learn that C．A．only 13%～22% of women hold STEM jobs nowB．men are more suited to STEM jobs than women in the UKC．more young women consider choosing STEM subjectsD．British men are less interested in STEM subjects or jobs than before（2）The underlined word"stereotype"in the passage means"A"in Chinese．A．模式思想B．错误结果C．不同分工D．时代特点（3）According to Niki Yates，young women should take STEM jobs in order to B．A．study science betterB．have brighter careersC．show they are better than menD．take an interest in STEM subjects（4）Which of the following is right？CA．Girls start to show more interest in STEM in the past．B．Over 20，000girls who were in their final year in high school were surveyed．C．Girls'interest in engineering and science has also risen．D．Young women shouldn't be encouraged to get into STEM jobs．（5）The passage mainly tells us D．A．STEM subjects are fun and excitingB．women are seen only one in eight STEM jobsC．women are less suited to STEM jobs than menD．women are more likely （更可能）to study STEM subjects than before．【分析】文章大意：这是一篇教育文化类阅读，短文主要讲述了当今女孩们开始展示出在STEM方面产生更大的兴趣以及学习STEM对女孩的有益之处，通过在STEM方面的学习可以解决很多女同志的就业问题，并且更多的女人就业也可以使经济增长．【解答】1．答案：C．细节理解题．根据第一行These years，girls start to show more interest in the subjects of science，technology，engineering and Maths （STEM）这些年来，女孩开始对科学、技术、工程和数学（STEM）更感兴趣．可知选C．2．答案：A．词意猜测题．根据下一句which means many people think so，even though it is not correct这意味着很多人都这么认为，即使它是不正确的．可知，应该是"模式思想"．选A．3．答案：B．细节理解题．根据倒数第二行最后一句It offers women chances of taking up fantastic careers它为女性提供了从事奇妙事业的机会．可知，上STEM是为了有更光明的职业．选B．4．答案：C．推理判断题．根据第二段最后一句Over one﹣fifth of the girls…And the interest in engineering and science has also risen．五分之一以上的女孩…而且对工程和科学的兴趣也提高了．可知，C选项"女孩对工程和科学的兴趣也提高了．"正确．选C．5．答案：D．主旨大意题．根据第一行These years，girls start to show more interest in the subjects of science，technology，engineering and Maths （STEM），according to a recent study from the UK．根据英国最近的一项研究，这些年来，女孩开始对科学、技术、工程和数学（STEM）的学科表现出更多的兴趣．及第二段最后一句Over one﹣fifth of the girls…And the interest in engineering and science has also risen．五分之一以上的女孩…而且对工程和科学的兴趣也提高了．可知，女性比以前更可能学习STEM课程．选D．【点评】阅读题型，要注重句子与句子之间、段落与段落之间逻辑关系以及对篇章的整体理解．根据所给问题选择正确选项完成试题．丰台区2017-2018学年阅读理解八、阅读下面的三篇短文，根据短文内容，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选择最佳选项。

17年北京高考英语试题及英语期末考试试卷17年北京高考英语试题及英语期末考试试卷CIt was my first day back home since starting college. A lot had changed in the last year. Not with my hometown but with me. I had left as a 17-year-old boy and had now returned as an 18-year-old man. In the city, I was living on my own, had a part-time job and was studying. Even the government recognized I was an adult; I had a driver’s license. So here I was, on my summer vacation, walking down the main street with my father, desperate for him to acknowledge that I was an adult. When his recognition failed to appear, I took matters into my own hands. “Dad,” I said casually, “I’m thirsty. Let’s go for a beer.” It was the first time I’d ever men tioned beer in front of my father, let alone ask him to drink one with me.He turned to me with a curious expression on his face. “A beer? Well I guess you’re old enough now. Let’s go to Sailors’ Bar. It’s where my cousin T om, your uncle, used to drink. Yo u remember him, right?”I had only some vague recollection of my uncle. He was the black sheep of the family. We didn’t talk about him much. “What ever happened to Uncle Tom, Dad? I haven’t seen him in years,” I said as we continued towards the bar.“Neith er have I, unfortunately. He was a good kid once. But things changed,” my father said mournfully. As a boy, he explained, there had been no better-behaved boy than Tom. But after leaving school, he moved to the city and fell in with bad company. He started going out every night, drinking in nightclubs andplaying cards. Soon he lost everything and had to beg his mum to pay his debts. She agreed on the condition that he returned home.My dad took a deep breath and continued his tale. “Things settled down for a while. He married a lovely woman, gave up his bad habits. But it didn’t last. He was soon back to his old ways. He couldn’t resist. He was at Sailors’ Bar almost every night. His poor mother died of grief and shame. His wife followed her soon after.“What ruined him was alcohol. He told me once, when a man begins drinking, he never knows where it’ll end. ‘So’, Tom warned me, ‘beware of your first drink!’“He went from bad to worse. Last year Tom sent me a letter saying he had been found guilty of stealing, and sentenced for ten years.”Dad finished talking just as we reached the front of Sailors’ Bar. “Anyway, here we are. Let’s go in,” he said. But I understood. I put my arm around my father and said, “I’m not thirsty anymore, Dad. Let’s go home.”50. Why did the young man invite his father to drink a beer?A. Because he was thirsty.B. Because he wanted to show how mature he wasC. Because he returned for reunion.D. Because he wanted to share his first beer.51. What was the main source of Uncle Tom’s problems?A. His overly-strict family.B. His inability to control his drinking.C. The deaths of his mother and wife.D. His casual attitudes about family.52. Where is Uncle Tom now?A. In prison.B. In a bar.C. In the city.D. In his hometown.53. In the story, the father told his son about Tom in order to ________.A. warn the son to keep away from TomB. entertain the son while they walked to the barC. convince the son of the harm caused by drinkingD. keep him informed of Tom54. What is the correct order of the following events from Uncle T om’s life?a. His mother died.b. He married a lovely girl.c. He started going to nightclubs.d. He was caught stealing.e. He went back home to live with his mother.f. He left school.A. d,f,e,b,a,cB. e,a,f,b,c,dC. f,c,e,a,b,dD. f,c,e,b,a,dDYou could feel sorry for Alberto Torres, who is blind. The last thing he remembers seeing was his daughter being born 13 years ago. Then the world went blank; he can only imagine what his only child looks like now, as a teenaged honor student. Bad luck is no stranger to this warm and thoughtful 37-year-old man. His mother died of cancer when he was 4, and his father, who was often ill, had to give him up to the care of the state when he was 11. He later worked for 19 years in a workshop making household goods, deathly boring work. Earlier this month, Alberto Torres’s wife, who had just been laid off from her job, had to have a breast removed due to cancer and now faces a year of radiation treatments. Things seemed always to go from almost incredibly bad to worse. Even Mr. Torres’s good luck has a dark side: Five years ago, his lovely guide dog pulled him out of the path of a truck. Mr. Torres was not hurt. The dog was killed.But Mr. Torres does not feel sorry for himself. “These are justlittle bumps you have to go over in your life,” he said. At 5 a.m. on a recent morning, we caught up with Mr. Torres at a subway stop in Brooklyn, New York, near where he lives in a third-floor apartment (with no elevator). He had been up since 3 a.m., feeding his new dog, making coffee, getting ready. “When you’re blind, it takes a little longer to do things,” he said.Mr. Torres was beginning his two-hour trip to his job developing film in the X-ray department of the emergency room of the Bronx hospital. He would take the G train to Queens Plaza station to the R train, heading towards Manhattan. He would then ride the R train to 59th Street where he would walk upstairs to switch to the Number 6 train. At one point along the journey, he might chat with a stranger. At another, someone would pat his dog, calling him by name. People offered assistance, even seats. At 125th Street, Mr. Torres would transfer to the Number 4 train by crossing the platform. At 149th Street, he would go down to the Number 2. He would take that to East 180th Street where he nearly always has a long wait for his final train, to Pelham Parkway. Then he and his dog would walk 20 minutes to the hospital.It was a hard job to come by. Before he got the job, Mr. T orres was determined to escape the workshop run by an organization dedicated(致力) to help people who can’t see. He wanted a job developing X-ray film, something that everyone must do in the dark. He had to handle the long trip, as well as the work. “Our philosophy here is that blind people can do just about anything except drive buses,” it was the thinking about disabled people at the Bronx hospital. “We find what a person can do rather than what he can’t do,” said the hospital’s director.One day a while ago marked the first anniversary of Mr. Torres’s hiring. He developed 150 or so X-rays, his usual output,to celebrate. Mr. T orres works by himself in a small, dark room that smells of chemicals. He cannot wear gloves, because he needs to feel. It is hard work, related to emergency of lives. His immediate supervisor says he trusts him 100%. Mr. Torres makes $20,000 a year. But his motivation goes beyond money. “If I start feeling like a victim, that makes me bitter. And why be bitter? That makes you go into a hole and s tay there.” he said. “I’m not doing anything out of the ordinary,” insisted Mr. T orres as he quickly completed the task.55. Mr. Torres became blind when ________.A. he was thirteen years oldB. his daughter was just bornC. his mother died of cancerD. his wife was out of work56. Mr. Torres does not feel sorry for himself because he ________.A. was once saved by his lovely guide dogB. is taken good care of by the governmentC. thinks it’s natural to have setbacks in lifeD. believes it takes a little longer to do things57. The description of Mr. T orres’s long trip to work shows ________.A. the effective traffic systemB. the kindness of New YorkersC. the loyalty of his guide dogD. his will to overcome difficulty58. What is the principle of the hospital in employing a worker?A. Sympathy counts most.B. Ability comes first.C. Preference for the blind.D. Easy job for the weak.59. Mr. Torres works very hard in order to ________.A. make plenty of moneyB. win his supervisor’s trustC. live like a normal personD. complete his daily task60. In the eyes of the writer, Alberto Torres is a man of _______.A. deep thinkingB. weak motivationC. special talentsD. great independence第二节：根据短文内容，从下框的A～F选项中选出能概括每一段主题的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该选项涂黑。

英语期末考试题第一部分阅读理解(共两节，满分40分)第一节 (共15小题;每小题2分，满分30分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中, 选出最佳选项。

AAccording to the US government, wind farms off the Pacific coast could produce 900 gigawatts of electricity every year. Unfortunately,the water there is far too deep for even the tallest windmills to touch bottom. An experiment under way off the coast of Norway, however, could help put them anywhere.The project, called Hywind, is the world’s first large-scale deepwater wind turbine (涡轮发电机). Although it uses a fairly standard 152-ton, 2. 3-megawatt turbine, Hywind represents totally new technology. The turbine will be fixed 213 feet above the water on a floating spar, a technology Hywind’s creator, the Norwegian company StatoilHydro, has developed recently. The steel spar, which is filled with stones and goes 328 feet below the sea surface, will be tied to the ocean floor by three cables ; these will keep the spar stable and prevent the turbine from moving up and down in the waves. Hywind’s stability in the cold and rough sea would prove that even the deepest corners of the ocean are suitable for wind power. If all goes according to the plan, the turbine will start producing electricity six miles off the coast of southwestern Norway as early as September.To produce electricity on a large scale, a commercial wind farm will have to use bigger turbines than Hywind does, but it’s difficult enough to balance such a large turbine so high on a floating spar in the middle of the ocean. To make that turbine heav ier, the whole spar’s center of gravity must be moved much closer to the ocean’s surface. To do that, the company plans to design a new kind of wind turbine, one whose gearbox (变速箱) sits at sea level rather than behind the blades.Hywind is a test run, but the benefits for perfecting floating wind-farm technology could be extremely large. Out at sea, the wind is often stronger and steadier than close to shore, where all existingoffshore windmills are planted. Deep-sea farms are invisible from land, which helps overcome the windmill-as-eyesore objection. If the technology catches on, it will open up vast areas of the planet’s surface to one of the best low-carbon power sources available.1. The Hywind project uses totally new technology to ensure the stability of .A. the cables which tie the spar to the ocean floorB. the spar which is floating in deep-sea waterC. the blades driven by strong and steady sea windD. the stones filled in the spar below the sea surface2.To balance a bigger turbine high on a floating spar, a new type of turbine is to be designedwith its gearbox sitting .A. on the sea floorB. on the spar topC. at sea levelD. behind the blades3. Wide applications of deepwater wind power technologycan .A. solve the technical problems of deepwater windmillsB. make financial profits by producing more turbinesC. settle the arguments about environmental problemsD. explore low-carbon power resources available at seaBMark and his brother Jason both were looking at the shining new computer enviously. Jason was determined not to go against theirfather's wishes but Mark was more adventurous than his brother. He loved experimenting and his aim was to become a scientist like his father.“Dad will be really mad if he finds out you've been playing with his new computer.”Jason said，“He told us not to touch it.”“He won't find out，” Mark said，“I'll just have a quick look and shut it down.”Mark had been scolded before for touching his father's equipment. But his curiosity was difficult to control and this new computer really puzzled him.It was a strange-looking machine—one his dad had brought home from the laboratory where he worked.“It's an experimental model，” his father had explained，“so don't touch it under any circumstances.” But his father's warning only served to make Mark more curious. Without any further thought，Mark turned on the power switch. The computer burstinto life and seconds later，the screen turned into colors，shifting and changing and then two big white words appeared in the center of the screen：“SPACE TRANSPORTER.”“Yes!” Mark cried excitedly，“It's a computer game. I knewit!Dad's only been pretending to work. He's really been playing games instead.” A new message appeared on th e screen：“ENTER NAMESVOYAGER 1：...VOYAGER 2：...”Mark's fingers flew across the keyboard as he typed in both of their names.“INPUT ACCEPTED.START TRANSPORT PROGRAM. AUTO-RETRIEVE INITIATED(自动回收程序已启动).”The screen turned even brighter and a noise suddenly rose in volume.“I think we'd better shut it off，Mark，” Jason yelled，reaching for the power switch. He was really frightened.But his hand never reached the switch. A single beam of dazzling white light burst out of the computer screen，wrapping the boys in its glow(光芒)，until they themselves seemed to be glowing. Then it died down just as suddenly as it had burst into life. And the boys were no longer there. On the screen，the letters changed.“TRANSPORT SUCCESSFUL.DESTINATION: MARS.RETRIEVE DATE：2025.”4.Why did Mark touch the computer against his father's warning?A.He wanted to take a voyage.B.He wanted to practice his skill.C.He was so much attracted by it.D.He was eager to do an experiment.5.Where did the boys' father most likely work?A.In an electronic factory.B.In a computer company.C.In a scientific research center.D.In an information processing center.6.Mark thought “SPACE TRANSPORTER” on the screen was the name of ________.A.a computer gameB.a company websiteC.a software producerD.an astronomy program7.Why did Jason want to shut off the computer?A.He was afraid of being scolded.B.He didn't like the loud noise and light.C.He didn't want to play games any more.D.He was afraid something dangerous might happen.CResearchers from France and Italy discovered that Canadian parents are less strict with their children than mothers and fathers in France and Italy.“Our most important finding was the difference between Canadians and the others，” said Professor Michel Claes，the lead author of the study.“Canadians focus on independence and negotiation. On the other hand，Italians，for example，exercise more control. We found Canadians seem to focus on negotiation in case of a conflict.”Claes said Canada，France and Italy were selected for the study because they share important cultural and social factors.“We choseFrench-Canadians because they share the same language as France，and originally came from France and share certain values. Italy was included because it was considered to have similar，strong and important family values，” he explained.The researchers examined the emotional ties between parents and their children by questioning 1,256 students aged 11 to 19 years old.Canadian students reported less control and more free actions，according to the study. Italian parents were stricter and French parents were somewhere in the middle.Claes explains that the differences lie in education in Canada，France and Italy.“North America has its own educational values，which promote individualization. Tolerance and comprehension are encouraged. Italy，on the other hand，promotes respect of authority，control，and the need for permission.” he said.Children from all three countries described their mothers as warm and communicative. Italian and Canadian children had similarfeelings about their fathers，and reported high levels of emotional ties. But French fathers were generally thought by their children to be more distant and cold.“We were surprised by this，” Claes admitted.“It seems as though the relationships between French mothers and their children were becoming closer over time，while fathers maintain a form of distance and coldness，which is more of a source of conflict in France than in the other co untries.”8.Professor Michel Claes believes that Canada，France and Italy ________.A.have the same family spiritB.have some similar cultural traditionsC.have experienced some similar social changesD.have experienced similar cultural developments9.How did the researchers carry out the study ?A.By collecting answers of parents from Canada，France and Italy.B.By collecting answers of children from Canada，France and Italy.C.By questioning parents and their children from Italian Canadian families.D.By questioning children from French-Canadian families.10. According to Michel Claes，what mainly leads to the differences in parent-childrenrelationships among Canada，France and Italy?cational opportunities.B.Traditional ideas.cational values.D.Historical events.11.Which of the following is NOT a finding of the study?A.French children have troubled relationships with their parents.B.Canadian children have close relationships with their parents.C.Italian children have good relationships with their parents.D.Kids from Canada，France and Italy have closer ties with their moms.DAn idea that started in Seattle's public library has spread throughout America and beyond. The concept is simple: help to build a sense of community in a city by getting everyone to read the same bookat the same time.In addition to encouraging reading as a pursuit (追求) to be enjoyed by all, the program allows strangers to communicate bydiscussing the book on the bus, as well as promoting reading as an experience to be shared in families and schools. The idea came from Seattle librarian Nancy Pearl who launched (发起)the "If All of Seattle Read the Same Book " project in 1998. Her original program used author visits, study guides and book discussion groups to bring people togetherwith a book, but the idea has since expanded to many other American cities, and even to Hong Kong.In Chicago, the mayor appeared on television to announce the choice of To Kill a Mockingbird as the first book in the "One Book, One Chicago" program. As a result, reading clubs and neighborhood groups sprang up around the city. Across the US, stories emerged of parents and children reading to each other at night and strangers chatting away on the bus about plot and character.The only problem arose in New York ,where local readers could not decide on one book to represent the huge and diverse population. This may show that the idea works best in medium-sized cities or large towns, where a greater sense of unity(一致)can be achieved .Or it may show that New Yorkers rather missed the point ,putting all their energy and passion into the choice of the book rather than discussion about a book itself.Ultinatelas Nancy points out, the level of success is not measured by how many people read a book, but by how many people are enriched by the process, or have enjoyed speaking to someone with whom they would not otherwise have shared a word.12. What is the purpose of the project launched by Nancy?A. To invite authors to guide readers.B. To encourage people to read and share.C. To involve people in community service.D. To promote the friendship between cities.13. Why was it difficult for New Yorkers to carry out the project?A .They had little interest in reading.B. They were too busy to read a book.C. They came from many different backgroundsD. They lacked support from the local government14. According to the passage, where would the project be more easily carried out?A. In large communities with little sense of unityB. In large cities where libraries are far from homeC. In medium-sized cities with a diverse populationD. In large towns where agreement can be quickly reached15. According to Nancy, the degree of students of the project is judged byA. the careful selection of a proper bookB. the growing popularity of the writersC. the number of people who benefit from reading.D. the number of books that each person reads.第二节七选五填空 (共5小题;每小题2分，满分10分)根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。