2018-2019学年广东省佛山市第一中学高一上学期期末考试 物理
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2018-2019学年广东省江门市高一(上)期末物理试卷★祝考试顺利★注意事项:1、考试范围:高考范围。
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一、选择题1.下列物理量是矢量的是()A. 速度B. 路程C. 时间D. 质量【答案】A【解析】【分析】既有大小又有方向的物理量是矢量;只有大小无方向的物理量是标量;【详解】速度既有大小,又有方向,是矢量。
故A正确。
路程、时间、质量都只有大小,没有方向,是标量。
故BCD错误。
故选A。
2.下列说法正确的是()A. 物体的加速度不变,其运动状态一定不変B. 体积、质量很大的物体一定不能看成质点C. 速度很大的物体,其加速度可能为零D. 加速度很大的物体,其速度一定很大【答案】C【解析】【详解】A.速度是描述物体的运动状态的物理量,物体的加速度不变则速度一定是变化的,所以物体的运动状态一定改变。
故A错误;B.体积、质量很大的物体在一定的条件下能看成质点,如描述地球绕太阳的公转时,地球也可以看作质点。
重庆一中高2021届(一上)期末考试物理测试试题卷2019.1一、单项选择题:本题共10小题,每小题3分,共30分。
在每小题给出的四个选项中,只有一项符合题目要求,选对得3分,选错得0分1.在国际单位制中,力学的三个基本单位是A.牛顿、厘米、秒B.千克、米、秒C.千克、秒、焦耳D.牛顿、秒、米/秒2.最早将实验和逻辑推理(包括数学演算)和谐地结合起来,从而发展了人类的科学思维方式和科学研究方法的科学家是()A.亚里士多德B.爱因斯坦C.笛卡尔D.伽利略3.一起严重的交通事故中,一辆越野车与一辆面包车迎面相撞,面包车车头凹陷、变形,几乎报废,而越野车仅前保险杠稍微变形。
关于此次碰撞,下列说法正确的是()A.越野车发生形变使面包车受到作用力B.越野车对面包车的作用力大于面包车对越野车的作用力C.越野车撞击面包车的时间比面包车撞击越野车的时间长D.越野车对面包车的作用力和面包车对越野车的作用力是一对平衡力4.下列有关惯性的说法中正确的是(A.物体仅在静止和匀速直线运动状态时才具有惯性B.汽车速度越大越不容易停下来,是因为速度越大惯性越大C.在月球上举重比在地球上容易,所以质量相同的物体在月球上比在地球上惯性小D.歼击机战斗前抛掉副油箱是为了减小惯性5.如图所示,在平原上空水平匀速飞行的轰炸机,每隔1s投放一颗炸弹,若不计空气阻力,下列说法正确的是A.落地前炸弹排列在同一条抛物线B.炸弹落地时速度大小方向都相同C.相邻炸弹落到水平面上时距离逐渐增大D.相邻炸弹在空中的距离保持不变6.如图,在光滑水平面上,质量分别为M和m的物体A和B相互接触,已知M>m,第一次用水平力F由左向右推A,物体间的相互作用力为F1;第二次用同样大小的水平力F由右向左推B,物体间的相互作用力为F2,则()A.F I=F2B.F I<F2C. F1>F2D.无法确定7.甲、乙两物体同时同地沿同一方向做直线运动的D-图像如图所示,则A.甲、乙两次相遇的时刻为10s末和第40s末B.在第50s末,甲在乙的前方C.甲、乙两次相遇的时刻为20s末和第60s末D.经20s后乙开始返回8.如图所示,位于水平地面上的质量为M的木块,在方向与水平面成a角、大小为F的拉力作用下,沿地面做匀加速直线运动,若木块与地面间的动摩擦因数为,则木块的加速度为()A.错误!未找到引用源。
2018—2019学年度第二学期期末检测题(卷)高一物理2019 . 6温馨提示:1.本试题分为第Ⅰ卷、第Ⅱ卷和答题卡。
全卷满分100分,附加题10分,合计110分。
2.考生答题时,必须将第Ⅰ卷上所有题的正确答案用2B铅笔涂在答题卡上所对应的信息点处,答案写在Ⅰ卷上无效,第Ⅱ卷所有题的正确答案按要求用黑色签字笔填写在答题卡上试题对应题号上,写在其他位置无效。
3.考试结束时,将答题卡交给监考老师。
第Ⅰ卷(选择题,共48分)一、单选题:(本题共8小题,每小题4分,共32分。
在每小题给出的四个选项中,只有一个选项符合题目要求。
)1、下列说法正确的是:()A.经典物理学的基础是牛顿运动定律B.经典物理学适用于一切领域C.相对论的建立,说明经典物理学是错误的D.经典物理学的成就可以被近代物理学所代替。
2、如图1是一个货车自动卸货示意图,若自动卸货车始终静止在水平地面上,车厢在液压机的作用下,θ角逐渐增大且货物相对车厢静止的过程中,下列说法正确的是( )A.货物受到的支持力不变B.货物受到的摩擦力减小C.货物受到的支持力对货物做正功D.货物受到的摩擦力对货物做负功3、我国复兴号列车运行时速可达350km/h.提高列车运行速度的一个关键技术问题是提高机车发动机的功率.动车组机车的额定功率是普通机车的27倍,已知匀速运动时,列车所受阻力与速度的平方成正比,即Ff=kv2,则动车组运行的最大速度是普通列车的()A.1倍 B.3倍 C.5倍 D.7倍4、2014年2月伦敦奥运会男子撑杆跳高冠军、法国人拉维涅在乌克兰顿涅茨克举行的国际室内田径大奖赛中,一举越过6.16米的高度,将“撑杆跳之王”布勃卡在1993年创造的6.15米的世界纪录提高了一厘米。
尘封了21年的纪录就此被打破。
如图2所示为她在比赛中的几个画面.下列说法中正确的是()A.运动员过最高点时的速度为零B.撑杆恢复形变时,弹性势能完全转化为动能C.运动员在上升过程中对杆先做正功后做负功D.运动员要成功跃过横杆,其重心必须高于横杆5、如图3所示,一轻弹簧固定于O点,另一端系一重物,将重物从与悬点O在同一水平面且弹簧保持原长的A点无初速度地释放,让它自由摆下,不计空气阻力.在重物由A点摆向最低点B的过程中,下列说法正确的是( )A.重物的机械能守恒B.重物的机械能增加C.重物的重力势能与弹簧的弹性势能之和不变D.重物与弹簧组成的系统机械能守恒6、质量为60kg的建筑工人,不慎从高空跌下,由于弹性安全带的保护,使他悬挂起来,已知弹性安全带的缓冲时间是1.2s,安全带长5m,g取10m/s2,则安全带所受的平均冲力的大小为()A. 1100NB. 600NC. 500ND. 100N7、北京时间1月18日,2019年斯诺克大师赛1/4决赛丁俊晖对阵布雷切尔,最终丁俊晖获胜晋级。
一、选择题1.【河南省南阳市第一中学2019学年高一上学期第一次月考】在“探究小车速度随时间变化的规律”的实验中,打点计时器使用的交流电的频率为50Hz,记录小车运动的纸带如图所示,在纸带上选取0,1,2,3,4,5的6个计数点,相邻两计数点之间还有四个点未画出.纸带旁并排放着带有最小分度为毫米的刻度尺,零点跟“0”计数点对齐,由图可以读出三个计数点1、3、5跟0点的距离填入下列表格中.并计算小车通过计数点“2”的瞬时速度为v2= m/s,小车的加速度是a= m/s2,2.【辽宁省庄河市高级中学2019学年高一10月月考物理试题】在“探究小车速度随时间变化的规律”实验中,从下列所给器材中选出本实验所必须的器材有;为能按实验要求达到实验目的,还缺少的器材有(写出一种即可)。
①电磁打点计时器;②天平;③低压直流电源;④细绳;⑤纸带;⑥小车;⑦钩码;⑧秒表;⑨一端有带滑轮的长木板;3.【辽宁省庄河市高级中学2019学年高一10月月考物理试题】某同学在做“测定匀变速直线运动的加速度”实验时打出的纸带如图所示,每两点之间还有四点没有画出来,图中上面的数字为相邻两点间的距离,打点计时器的电源频率为50Hz(答案保留三为有效数字)。
v=。
①打4号计数点时纸带的速度4-点间的加速度大小为a=。
②064.【广东省佛山市第一中学2019学年高一上学期第一次段考】在“探究匀变速直线运动的规律”的实验中:(1)除打点计时器(含纸带、复写纸)、小车、一端附有滑轮的长木板、细绳、钩码、导线及开关外,在下面的仪器和器材中,必须使用的有()A.电压合适的50Hz交流电源B.电压可调的直流电源C.刻度尺D.秒表E.天平(2)实验过程中,下列做法正确的是()A.先接通电源,再使纸带运动B.先使纸带运动,再接通电源C.将接好纸带的小车停在靠近滑轮处D.将接好纸带的小车停在靠近打点计时器处(3)通过打点计时器得到的一条纸带上的点迹不均匀,下列判断正确的是()A.点迹密集的地方说明振针打点速度较大B.点迹密集的地方说明物体运动的速度较大C.点迹不均匀说明物体做变速运动D.点迹不均匀说明相邻两点之间的时间间隔不同(4)图示为一次实验得到的一条纸带,纸带上每相邻的两计数点间都有四个点未画出,按时间顺序取A、B、C、D、E五个计数点,测出各点到A点的距离如图所示。
广东省佛山市第一中学 《机械波》单元测试题(含答案)一、机械波 选择题1.图1是一列沿x 轴传播的简谐横波在t =0.4s 时刻的波形图.若d 位置的质点比a 位置的质点晚0.6s 起振,图2表示位置在a 、d 之间的某质点P 的振动图象,且图1、图2的计时起点相同.则( )A .该波沿x 轴负方向传播B .该波的周期为0.8sC .质点P 位于b 、c 之间D .质点P 位于a 、b 之间2.如图所示,实线是沿x 轴传播的一列简谐横波在t =0时刻的波形图,虚线是这列波在t =0.2s 时刻的波形图。
已知该波的波速是0.8m/s ,则下列说法正确的是( )A .t =0时,x =4cm 处的质点速度沿y 轴负方向B .t =0时,x =4cm 处的质点速度为零C .这列波的周期是0.125sD .这列波的波长是14cm3.一列简谐横波在t =0时刻的波形如图中的实线所示,t =0.02s 时刻的波形如图中虚线所示.若该波的周期T 大于0.02s ,则该波的传播速度可能是( )A .2m/sB .3m/sC .4m./sD .5m/s4.如图所示,某一均匀介质中有两列简谐横波A 和B 同时沿x 轴正方向传播了足够长的时间,在t =0时刻两列波的波峰正好在12m x =处重合,平衡位置正好在216m x =处重合,则下列说法中正确的是( )A .横波A 的波速比横波B 的波速小 B .两列波的频率之比为A B :11:7f f =C .在0x >的区间,t =0时刻两列波另一波峰重合处的最近坐标为(586),D .2m x =处质点的振动始终加强5.如图,a b c d 、、、是均匀媒质中x 轴上的四个质点,相邻两点的间距依次为2m 4m 、和6m 。
一列简谐横波以2m /s 的波速沿x 轴正向传播,在0t =时刻到达质点a 处,质点a 由平衡位置开始竖直向下运动,3s t =时a 第一次到达最高点。
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注:资料封面,下载即可删除2020-2021学年广东省佛山市第一中学高一上学期期中考试 数学命题、审题人说明:1.本试题共4页,共22题.全卷满分150分,考试用时120分.2.请将答案填写在答题卡上相应位置.一、单项选择题:本大题共8小题,每小题5分,共40分.在每小题给出的四个选项中,只有一项是符合题目要求的.1. 已知集合2{|13},{|4}A x x B x x =-≤<=≥,则A B =A.[1,2]-B. [1,2]C. [2,3)D. [2,)+∞2. 命题“0,1x x e x ∀>>+ ”的否定形式是(其中 2.718e =为常数) A .0,1x x e x ∀><+ B. 0,1x x e x ∀>≤+C. 0,1x x e x ∃><+D. 0,1x x e x ∃>≤+3. 若函数21()(22)m f x m m x -=--是幂函数,且()y f x = 在(0,)+∞上单调递增,则(2)f = A. 14 B.12 C. 2 D. 44. “1a =-”是“方程2210a x x +-=只有一个解”的A. 充分必要条件B. 充分不必要条件C. 必要不充分条件D. 非充分必要条件5. 设()f x 是定义在R 上的奇函数,当0x ≤时,2()2f x x x =-,则(1)f =A. 3-B. 1-C. 1D. 36. 已知120.50.620.30.3,,5a b c ⎛⎫=== ⎪⎝⎭,则a b c 、、的大小关系为A. a b c <<B.c a b <<C. b a c <<D. c b a << 7. 已知()f x 是定义在[2,2]b - 上的偶函数,且在[2,0]b -上为增函数,则不等式(21)(1)f x f +≤ 的解集为A. (1,0)-B. 31,10,22⎡⎤⎡⎤--⎢⎥⎢⎥⎣⎦⎣⎦C. (,1][0,)-∞-+∞D. 31,22⎡⎤-⎢⎥⎣⎦ 8. 已知0ax b -> 的解集为{|2}x x >,关于x 的不等式2056ax b x x +≥-- 的解集为 A .[2,1)(6,)--+∞ B. [2,6)(1,)--+∞ C. (,1)(6,)-∞-+∞ D. (,2](6,)-∞-+∞二、不定项选择题:本题共4小题,每小题5分,共20分.在每小题给出的选项中,有多项符合题目要求.全部选对的得5分,有选错的得0分,部分选对的得3分.9.下列命题为真命题的是A .若0a b >>,则22a c b c >B .若0a b <<,则22a ab b >>C .若00a b c >><且,则22c c a b >D .若a b >且,则11a b< 10.某食品的保鲜时间错误!未找到引用源。
绝密★启用前|学科网试题命制中心2017–2018学年上学期期末原创押题卷高一物理(考试时间:90分钟试卷满分:100分)注意事项:1.本试卷分第Ⅰ卷(选择题)和第Ⅱ卷(非选择题)两部分。
答卷前,考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。
2.回答第Ⅰ卷时,选出每小题答案后,用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。
如需改动,用橡皮擦干净后,再选涂其他答案标号。
写在本试卷上无效。
3.回答第Ⅱ卷时,将答案写在答题卡上。
写在本试卷上无效。
4.测试范围:人教必修1全部、必修2第5章。
5.考试结束后,将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第Ⅰ卷一、选择题:本题共12小题,每小题4分,共48分。
在每小题给出的四个选项中,第1~8题只有一项符合题目要求,第9~12题有多项符合题目要求。
全部选对的得4分,选对但不全的得2分,有选错或不答的得0分。
1.甲、乙两车某时刻由同一地点沿同一方向开始做直线运动,若以该时刻作为计时起点,得到两车的x﹣t图象如图所示,则下列说法正确的是A.t=0时两物体的速度都为零B.t1时刻甲车从后面追上乙车C.t1时刻两车速度相等D.0~t1,时间内,两车的平均速度相等2.如图所示,用一轻绳将光滑小球P系于竖直墙壁上的O点,在墙壁和球P之间夹有一矩形物块Q,P、Q均始终处于静止状态,下列说法正确的是A.P一定受四个力作用B .若只增大Q 的质量,则轻绳受到的拉力不变C .若只减小绳子的长度,Q 受到的摩擦力增大D .若只增大绳子的长度,则墙壁对Q 的作用力不变3.如图所示,甲、乙两船在同一河岸边A 、B 两处,两船船头方向与河岸均成θ角,且恰好对准对岸边C 点。
若两船同时开始渡河,经过一段时间t ,同时到达对岸,乙船恰好到达正对岸的D 点。
若河宽d 、河水流速均恒定,两船在静水中的划行速率恒定,且不影响各自的航行。
下列说法中正确的是A .两船在静水中的划行速率不同B .甲船渡河的路程有可能比乙船渡河的路程小C .两船同时到达D 点 D .河水流速为tan d tθ 4.如图所示,甲从A 地由静止匀加速跑向B 地,当甲前进距离为s 1时,乙从距A 地s 2处的C 点由静止出发,加速度与甲相同,最后二人同时到达B 地,则AB 两地距离为A .()21214s s s + B .s 1+s 2 C .()21124s s s + D .()()212121s s s s s +- 5.如图所示,吊篮A 、物体B 、物体C 的质量分别为m 、3m 、2m 。
2023-2024学年广东省佛山市顺德区第一中学高二上学期期中考试英语试题Kyle Cassidy and three other members of the Annenberg Running Group were stretching on the grounds of the University of Pennsylvania, waiting for a few latecomers. The Penn colleagues and other community members meet three days a week for a roughly 30-minute jog and an occasional lecture. That’s right - during some runs, one of them delivers a talk. Topics range from the brain to Bitcoin.But on this day last January, it would not be their normal run. The first clue that something was off was the man who sprinted past them. “Running at an amazing pace,” Cassidy told Runner’s World admiringly. Cassidy discovered why the sprinter was so fleet of foot when another man ran by, yelling, “Help! He took my phone and laptop!”At that, the group did what running clubs do: They ran, trailing the suspect down the streets of Philadelphia until he ducked into a construction site. The runners split up. Cassidy ran around to the far side of the site to cut the thief off while the others wandered the neighborhood hoping he had dumped the loot (赃物) in a backyard.No luck. So they decided to ask residents whether they’d seen the guy. When they knocked on the door of one row house, they were in for a surprise. Unknown to them, he had already emerged from the construction site - and was hiding behind a bush by that very house. As the owner opened the door, the suspect darted out from behind the bush and right into the arms of campus police, who’d joined the chase shortly behind the runners.The members of this running group are not hard-core athletes. But they do understand the benefit of a little exercise. “Running is typically a useless sport where you turn fat cells into heat,” Cassidy told The Philadelphia Inquirer. “But occasionally it can be useful, and here was one of those opportunities.”1. Why do the group members gather together?A.To do some stretching. B.To have a regular run.C.To deliver a lecture. D.To cover some topics.2. We can infer that the success of the chase is mainly due to ______.A.the assistance of the runners B.the owner of the row houseC.the campus police on patrol D.the joint efforts of the people3. Which of the following best describes Cassidy?A.Athletic and generous. B.Courageous and ambitious.C.Helpful and humorous. D.Thoughtful and demanding.In my everyday life, I am on an ongoing journey to figure out different ways to reduce my carbon footprint on the planet. A carbon footprint is the measure of influence our activities have on the environment, in particular climate change. It is calculated by the amount of greenhouse gas weproduce in our daily lives. Fortunately, nowadays it is much easier to make eco-friendly lifestyle choices than, let's say, 20 years ago. But one question has been on my mind a lot lately: is it better to buy new eco-friendly products or used traditionally produced goods?After doing some research, I have decided that some things are better new and others are better used. Let me try to explain.A carbon footprint is made up of two parts, the primary footprint and the secondary footprint. The primary footprint is a measure of our direct emissions(排放)of carbon dioxide(CO2)from the burning of fuels, including household energy consumption and transportation. The secondary footprint is a measure of the indirect CO2 emissions from the whole lifecycle of products we use-those related to their production and breakdown.Based on this understanding, we have a good deal of control and responsibility over our carbon footprint. Things like dishes, clothes and furniture fall into the “secondary footprint” group, so less is more and we can focus on finding used goods to avoid the added production. However, for the car and the other appliances(设备)that we need we can go with new, energy-saving models. I heard somewhere that electronics and appliances give off 90% of their carbon footprint after they leave the factory. So it seems most reasonable to go for the energy-saving models. The main concern here is the amount of energy that goes into the making of new products and whether or not that extra carbon is worth the footprint the product will make once it gets to you.4. What is the text mainly about?A.What appliances to buy to save energy.B.What a carbon footprint means in our life.C.How to identify different carbon footprints.D.How to make eco-friendly lifestyle choices.5. What do we know about the secondary carbon footprint?A.It is related to our consumption of fuels.B.It is made when we are buying the products.C.It is less harmful than the primary carbon footprint.D.It is counted as ours though not directly made by us.6. Which of the following helps reduce our carbon footprint according to the author?A.Using second-hand textbooks. B.Using old and expensive cars.C.Buying new but cheap clothes. D.Buying new wooden furniture.7. "The footprint" underlined in the last sentence refers to the CO2 produced in _________.A.using the product B.recycling the productC.making the product D.transporting the productResearchers say they have translated the meaning of gestures that wild chimpanzees use to communicate. They say wild chimps communicate 19 specific messages to one another witha“vocabulary”of 66 gestures. The scientists discovered this by following and filming groups of chimps in Uganda, and examining more than 5,000 incidents of these meaningful exchanges.Dr Catherine Hobaiter, who led the research, said that this was the only form of intentional communication to be recorded in the animal kingdom. Only humans and chimps, she said, had a system of communication where they intentionally sent a message to another group member.“That’s what’s so amazing about chimp gestures,” she said. “They’re the onl y thing that looks like human language in that respect.”Although previous research has shown that apes and monkeys can understand complex information from another animal’s call, the animals do not appear to use their voices deliberately to communicate messages. This was a significant difference between calls and gestures, Dr Hobaiter said.Chimps will check to see if they have the attention of the animal with which they wish to communicate. In one case, a mother presents her foot to her crying baby, signal ling: “Climb on me.” The youngster immediately jumps on to its mother’s back and they travel off together. “The big message from this study is that there is another species out there that is meaningful in its communication, so that’s not unique to humans,” said Dr Hobaiter.Dr Susanne Shultz, an evolutionary biologist from the University of Manchester, said the study was praiseworthy in seeking to enrich our knowledge of the evolution of human language. But, she added, the results were “a little disappointing”.“The unclearness of the gesture meanings suggests either that the chimps have little to communicate, or we are still missing a lot of the information contained in their gestures and actions,”shesaid.“Moreover, the meanings seem to not go beyond what other animals convey with non-verbal communication. So, it seems the gulf remains.”8. What do chimps and humans have in common according to Dr Hobaiter?A.Memorizing specific words. B.Understanding complex information.C.Using voices to communicate. D.Communicating messages on purpose. 9. What did Dr Shultz think of the study?A.It was well designed but poorly conducted.B.It was a good try but the findings were limited.C.It was inspiring but the evidence was unreliable.D.It was a failure but the methods deserved praise.10. Which of the following is the best title for the text?A.Chimpanzee behaviour study achieved a breakthroughB.Chimpanzees developed specific communication skillsC.Chimpanzees: the smartest species in the animal kingdomD.Chimpanzee language: communication gestures translated11. 将下列几个部分(A、B、C、D和E)按题号排序,构成一个符合逻辑的完整语篇。