四川外国语大学241英语历年考研试题

2015年四川外国语大学硕士研究生入学考试《翻译硕士英语》真题(总分：150.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、 Word Derivation(总题数：10，分数：20.00)1.The 1among the allies was no secret to the enemy.(harmony)（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：harmony）【解析】(句意：盟国间关系和睦，这对敌军而言已不是秘密。

harmony协调；和睦；融洽。

由后面的was可知，此处需要使用其单数形式。

)2.The situation there was 1. Something must be done promptly.(tolerate)（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：intolerable）【解析】(句意：那的情况令人无法忍受，我们必须立刻采取行动。

由后面"必须立刻做一些事情"可以得知前面所表达的情况是令人难以忍受的，显然was后要用形容词，所以此处应填intolerable。

)3.This is made of 1material.(resist heat)（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：healt resistant）【解析】(句意：它由耐热材料制作而成。

此处显然需要一个形容词，heat resistant耐热的，耐高温的。

)4.She was a very 1 social scientist. She proved that apart from self-love, there were other basic human instincts.(observe)（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：observant）【解析】(句意：她是一位观察力敏锐的社会科学家，她证实除了利己主义，人类还有其它本能。

2013年四川外国语大学翻译硕士学位(MTI)复试真题：回忆版，资料不全，请见谅。

笔试：（口译和笔译的同学分别都要参加笔试，试卷内容是一样的）英翻汉：具体是关于philology的一个发展过程，具体文章没有百度到，但是似乎在什么文章上，我看过，但是不记得了。

汉翻英：一个关于重庆科技馆的介绍。

内容如下：重庆科技馆位于长江与嘉陵江交汇处的重庆江北嘴中央商务区（CBD）核心区域，于2006年1月7日奠基，2006年10月动工建设，2009年9月9日建成开馆。

该馆占地面积37亩，建筑面积4.53万平方米（其中，展览教育面积为3万平方米），总投资额5.67亿元（其中，建安工程4亿元，展示工程1.67亿元）。

重庆科技馆外观采用石材与玻璃两种材质。

外墙石材使用多种颜色交叉重叠，像坚硬的岩石，隐喻“山”；占整个外墙的60%、近10000平方米的玻璃幕墙则清澈通透，隐喻“水”。

石材的棱角分明、玻璃的透明如水，恰到好处地彰显出重庆“山水之城”的特征。

重庆科技馆以常设展览为主，临时展览为辅。

反映国内外以及重庆本地科技发展的历史和未来。

馆内计划分为生活科技、防灾科技、交通科技、国防科技、宇航科技和基础科学6个主题展厅，以及儿童乐园和工业之光2个专题展厅。

届时科技馆的展品将涵盖材料、机械、交通、军工、航空航天、微电子技术、信息通讯、计算机应用、虚拟模拟技术、生命科学、环境科学、基础科学及中国古代科学技术等多项学科领域，常设展品数目将达到440余件。

至于说口笔译的区别在哪儿，在于笔译专业的同学笔试完了过后，会抽签决定面试，面试的问题就比较多了。

需要提醒一点的是，多练习练习听力和口语，还有就是稍微得看看翻译的理论，熟知一点翻译理论，至于说问题。

基本都是扯家常什么的，比如说，（都是去年问到啦的问题）1，你本科用的是什么翻译教材？2，你有没有什么翻译实践的经验？3，你觉得翻译应该注意些什么？4，你最喜欢哪位翻译家？为什么？5，Translating和translation有什么区别?6，如果你考上研究生，你将对你两年的研究生有个什么样的规划？请详细阐述。

2003年四川外国语大学221英语考研真题及详解I.Tick off the correct choice.(20%)1.A little girl presented the distinguished visitor with a_____of flowers.A.bunchB.packC.bundleD.bulk【答案】A【解析】句意：一个小女孩给一位尊贵的来访者送了一束花。

这里考查短语的固定搭配，a bunch of flowers 一束花。

因此本题选A。

a pack of一包；一盒。

a bundle of一捆；一大堆。

a bulk of大量。

2.Miss Smith always prefers to start early rather than_____everything to the last minute.A.to leaveB.leavingC.leaveD.to have left【答案】C【解析】句意：史密斯小姐宁愿早早开始工作也不愿意把一切事情留到最后一刻。

这里考查prefer的用法，即prefer to do rather than do宁可做……而不愿做。

语法结构上来看，than两边的结构是一致的，都是不定式，但是习惯上把后面的to省略，所以要选择C项。

3.That’s a beautiful leather wallet,but I can’t afford to pay_____much.A.enoughB.moreD.that【答案】D【解析】句意：这是一个漂亮的皮革钱包，但我付不起那么多钱。

这里其实就是一个固定说法，付不起钱就是I can’t afford to pay that much。

可以直接背下来。

4.Would you mind_____the window?It is hot in here.A.to openB.me openingC.openD.of opening【答案】B【解析】句意：你是否介意我开一下窗？太热了。

首先介绍一下我的情况 :我本科学校是安徽的一所二本师范院校 , 成绩一般 , 我报考的是四川外国语大学的外国语言学及应用语言学方向 , 初试 367分其中基础英语 102. 翻译写作 115, 政治 79, 日语 71, 初试排名 19. 录取排名 23。

现在从头说起吧 , 我决定考研是在 2012年 5月份 , 真正开始准备是在 5月 20号 , 那天开始我搬出宿舍在外租房住 . 这之前我根本没有考研的打算 , 说实话 , 我不是那种爱学习的人 , 成绩在班上一般,拿过奖学金,综合测评也有过倒数排名, 本科阶段的期末成绩不能说明什么, 所以不必担心说自己学习不好肯定考不上, 考研属于应试, 突击是可行的, 而且大半年时间足够了,关键看你怎么去利用。

我原本打算做外贸或者找其他工作 , 反正不想当中学老师 , 还有就是我家里想让我早点工作成家。

但时后来我再三考虑, 最终还是决定考研。

事实证明五月份决定考研还不算晚,所以如果你们现在决定考研还不算晚。

五月份一定要把学校定下来,真题参考书买到手, 再找一下学长学姐打听情况。

选学校,我建议不要好高骛远, 偏要报名校,得切合实际,当然也不能低估自己的能力,不能为了保险选差的学校,这样不划算。

一句话考得好不如选得好,一定要看学校试题难度,二外参考书难不难,哪些题型,适不适合自己,其次才是所在城市。

同样的分数,你在北京上海可能只能上一个很普通的学校, 但在中西部说不定能上个很不错的学校, 所以本人觉得没必要去挤独木桥,在哪读研以后并不一定要在那工作,学校名气在那摆着到哪都不会很差。

选好了学校买了参考书,做好了准备,下一步就是安心做下来看书了。

我宿舍是六人间, 宿舍楼十点关门, 所以为了考研, 我和另一个室友在学校大门对面租了一间小房子。

那时候每天还有课, 所以还得去上课。

我考研自习室没有搞到位子,只能天天早上去图书馆占位子, 上完课就去图书馆看书, 到十一点就去对面食堂吃饭。

四川外国语大学英语语言文学考研真题经验参考书目录第一章考前知识浏览1.1四川外国语大学招生简章......................1.2四川外国语大学专业目录........................ 1.3四川外国语大学英语语言文学专业历年报录比....... 1.4四川外国语大学英语语言文学初试科目解析......第二章英语语言文学专业就业前景解读2.1四川外国语大学专业综合介绍.................2.2四川外国语大学专业就业解析.................2.3四川外国语大学各方向对比分析.......第三章四川外国语大学英语语言文学专业内部信息传递3.1报考数据分析..............3.2复试信息分析..............3.3导师信息了解........第四章四川外国语大学英语语言文学初试专业课考研知识点4.1参考书目分析..........4.2真题分析................4.3重点知识点汇总分析（大纲）....第五章四川外国语大学英语语言文学初试复习计划分享5.1政治英语复习技巧5.2专业课复习全程详细攻略5.3时间管理策略及习题使用第六章四川外国语大学英语语言文学复试6.1复试公共部分的注意事项6.2复试专业课部分的小Tips考研之路对于每个人来说都是漫长而艰难的，好在一路坚持的走下来结果是好的，我收到了厦门大学的录取通知书，拿着通知书心情很复杂，回想起那些起早贪黑奋斗的日子，如今这一张纸明显感觉沉了不少。

同时也很欣慰，感谢曾经刻苦努力的自己。

川外的英语语言文学有六大研究方向，如下图：考试科目：一、101思想政治理论二、242俄语243日语244德语245法语246西班牙语247朝鲜语(任选一门)。

三、611基础英语四、811英语翻译与写作【报录比】【学校简介】四川外国语大学（Sichuan International Studies University），简称“川外”，位于直辖市重庆，是一所经中华人民共和国教育部批准成立的市属全日制普通本科高等院校，拥有完整的学士、硕士、博士人才培养体系，是中国西南地区外语和涉外人才培养以及外国语言文化、对外经济贸易、国际问题研究的重要基地之一。

2015年四川大学外国语学院241二外英语真题及详解Part ⅠReading Comprehension (30%)Directions: There are 4 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should deicide the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.Passage OneCertainly, the concept of “death with dignity”has become an increasing focus of the debate, not the least because of medical progress that has brought about a major increase in the number of retired and aged persons. The issue has generated lots of legislation, much of which confuses rather than clarifies an important question in euthanasia: Who will pull the plug?In general, the laymen’s(外行人) view of euthanasia is one of “mercy killing,”or active intervention to end life, with little or no concept of the possibility of a passive form.I make no excuses and ask no forgiveness for admitting that I have practiced passive euthanasia for many years. In fact, I gave instructions to the doctor attending my own mother in her last illness that she should receive no antibiotics nor be tube-fed. At that stage, she was in her 98th year, suffering from her thirdstroke and unconscious with pneumonia.I have never practiced active euthanasia, a deed that in my country is regarded as murder and could merit the death penalty. But I do believe that in the clinical practice of medicine, active euthanasia has a definite place. I also believe that we should not be afraid to discuss its place in the scheme of things and to explore the possibilities in this approach to the terminally ill.I cannot accept the simple statement that a doctor does not have the right to take life; furthermore, I believe the greatest difficulty is to define life. I myself have defined it as joy in living. Given the absence of this quality, the request of the suffering person and the satisfaction of other criteria such as good faith on the part of those caring for the person and the completion of legal requirements, there is no ethical reason why active medical euthanasia may not be administered.Indeed, I have always wondered at the kind of person who would mercifully end the life of a suffering animal, yet would hesitate to extend the same privilege to a fellow human being.As a scientist and a humanitarian, I find society’s attitude toward the different ways of causing the death of an individual both hypocritical (虚伪的) and illogical. Consider that, for as long as man has inhabited the earth, he has accepted with few reservations the right to kill and be killed on the battlefields, even when this leads to not only his own but multiple deaths.I have talked to legal, ethical and medical authorities in many parts of the world on the need for active euthanasia. Again and again the same questions came up:Who will decide when a life is to be terminated and how can mistakes be avoided?Would doctors perhaps misuse the right to life by getting rid of the people they do not like?Does a doctor have the right to play God?If it is feared that a doctor is playing God when he terminates a life, it can just as readily be argued that he is playing the same role when he prolongs the life of a terminally-ill patient. And surely, when the terminally-ill person develops an inter-current infection that will cause death if not treated, are we not also interfering with God’s will by instituting treatment and preventing the patient from dying of the infection?1. What is the layman’s understanding of euthanasia?A. Killing somebody out of pity because he ls in severe pain.B. Ceasing feeding of the patient.C. Stopping treatment.D. Death with dignity.2. What does the author think of active euthanasia?A. It is a form of human cruelty.B. It should be allowed for the terminally ill.C. It is interference in God’s will.D. It is ethically wrong even if legally permissible.3. Why does the author say society’s attitude toward the different ways of causing the death of an individual is both hypocritical and illogical?A. A single death is much dwelled on while multiple deaths go unnoticed.B. Passive euthanasia is overlooked while active euthanasia is penalized.C. Ending the life of a suffering animal is called mercy while doing the same to ahuman is called murder.D. Euthanasia is condemned while killing on the battlefield is accepted without reservation.4. What is the chief problem that may arise in administering euthanasia?A. Abuse of this practice.B. Religious opposition.C. Completion of legal procedures.D. The defining of life.5. According to the author, in giving treatment to a terminally-ill patient, the doctor is _____.A. doing a disservice to societyB. performing humanitarian obligationsC. increasing his sufferingD. interfering with God’s will, too【答案与解析】1.A 由第二段“the laymen’s view of euthanasia is one of ‘mercy killing,’or activeintervention to end life”可知，在外行人看来安乐死是带有怜悯的杀人或结束生命的积极干预，故选A。

科目代码：243四川外国语大学XXXX年攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题科目名称：自命题日语答题要求：所有答案必须写在答题纸上，否则不给分。

全卷100分，3小时完成。

一．次の文のをつけた言葉は、どのように読みますか。

最も適切な読み方を、Ａ・Ｂ・Ｃ・Ｄから一つ選びなさい。

（10×１＝10）問１１地震に２備え、食料を３貯蔵しておかなければならない。

１地震ＡじじんＢちしんＣじしんＤちじん２備えＡそなえＢむかえＣくわえＤあたえ３貯蔵ＡちょうそうＢちょぞうＣちょそうＤちょうぞう問２最近４出版されたこの５著者の本はすべて読みました。

４出版ＡしゅつはんＢしゅつへんＣしゅっぺんＤしゅっぱん５著者ＡひっしゃＢちょしゃＣひしゃＤちょっしゃ問３住民たちは６協力して、７井戸を掘ることにした。

６協力ＡきょりょくＢどうりょくＣどりょくＤきょうりょく７井戸ＡいどＢいとＣいこＤしこ問４８順調に９回復しているので、もうすぐ10退院できるでしょう。

８順調ＡしゅんちょＢしゅんちょうＣじゅんちょうＤじゅんちょ９回復ＡかいふうＢかいほくＣかいふくＤかいほう10退院ＡたんいんＢだいいんＣだんいんＤたいいん二、次の文のをつけた言葉は、どのような漢字を書きますか。

その漢字を、Ａ・Ｂ・Ｃ・Ｄから一つ選びなさい。

（10×1＝10）問１このプリントに１あやまりがないか、２じむしょに行って３ちょくせつ聞いてみた。

１あやまりＡ限りＢ誤りＣ残りＤ余り２じむしょＡ治務所Ｂ事勤所Ｃ治勤所Ｄ事務所３ちょくせつＡ直説Ｂ直接Ｃ触説Ｄ触接問２この４そうちは、５じょうきの６いきおいが強くなると止まります。

４そうちＡ装置Ｂ総池Ｃ装池Ｄ総置５じょうきＡ乗気Ｂ暑気Ｃ蒸気Ｄ昇気６いきおいＡ募いＢ労いＣ勇いＤ勢い問３あのいずみの水には、体によいせいぶんが多くふくまれているそうだ。

7いずみＡ湖Ｂ泉Ｃ潮Ｄ池８せいぶんＡ成分Ｂ清分Ｃ正分Ｄ性分９ふくまれＡ含まれＢ組まれＣ込まれＤ包まれ問４法律で禁止されていることは、国によって10ことなります。

2012年四川外国语大学英语翻译基础真题试卷(题后含答案及解析) 题型有：1. 词语翻译 2. 英汉互译词语翻译英译汉1．Yogi正确答案：瑜伽修行者2．SPCA正确答案：动物保护协会(Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals) 3．Geneva Convention正确答案：《日内瓦公约》4．House of Commons正确答案：下议院5．horoscope正确答案：占星术；星象6．sleep debt正确答案：睡眠不足7．AU正确答案：非盟(非洲联盟)(African Union)8．Kuala Lumpur正确答案：吉隆坡9．a potluck supper正确答案：一顿家常便饭10．IMF正确答案：国际货币基金组织(International Monetary Fund) 11．eye-service正确答案：当面勤快，背后偷懒12．A Clockwork Orange正确答案：《发条橙》13．All Souls’ Day正确答案：万灵节14．abusive translation正确答案：滥译15．speak in tongues正确答案：说方言汉译英16．双赢正确答案：win-win17．物流正确答案：logistics18．裸捐正确答案：all-out donation19．醉驾正确答案：drunk driving20．辛亥革命正确答案：the revolution of 191121．畅通重庆正确答案：Traffic-smooth Chongqing22．二线城市正确答案：second-tier city23．家电下乡正确答案：home appliances going to the countryside 24．医患纠纷正确答案：patient-doctor dispute25．面子工程正确答案：image projects26．人民币汇率正确答案：the RMB exchange rate27．占领华尔街正确答案：occupy Wall Street28．叙利亚危机正确答案：Syria’s crisis29．中国农村扶贫正确答案：China’s poverty alleviation in rural areas 30．保障性安居工程正确答案：affordable housing projects英汉互译英译汉31．Laurie lay luxuriously swinging to and fro in his hammock one warm September afternoon, wondering what his neighbors were about, but too lazy to go and find out. He was in one of his moods, for the day had been both unprofitable and unsatisfactory, and he was wishing he could live it over again. The hot weather made him indolent, and he had shirked his studies, tried Mr. Brooke’s patience to the utmost , displeased his grandfather by practicing half the afternoon, frightened the maidservants half out of their wits by mischievously hinting that one of his dogs was going mad, and, after high words with the stableman about some fancied neglect of his horse, he had flung himself into his hammock to fume over the stupidity of the world in .general, till the peace of the lovely day quieted him in spite of himself. Staring up into the green gloom of the horse-chestnut trees above him, he dreamed dreams of all sorts, and was just imagining himself tossing on the ocean, in a voyage round the world, when the sound of voices brought, him ashore in a flash. Peeping through the meshes of his hammock, he saw the Marches coming out, as if bound on some expedition. “What in the world are those girls about now?”thought Laurie, opening his sleepy eyes to take a good look, for there was something rather peculiar in the appearance of his neighbors.正确答案：九月的一个下午，天气暖洋洋的，劳里舒舒服服地躺在吊床上摇来晃去，揣摩着几个邻居在干什么，却又懒得起身去瞧个究竟。

[考研类试卷]2015年四川外国语大学翻译硕士英语真题试卷一、Word Derivation1 The______among the allies was no secret to the enemy.(harmony)2 The situation there was______. Something must be done promptly.(tolerate)3 This is made of______material.(resist heat)4 She was a very ______ social scientist. She proved that apart from self-love, there were other basic human instincts.(observe)5 You can live longest and best and most______by attaining and preserving the happiness of learning.(reward)6 You think I'm joking? No! I'm in dead______.(earn)7 Many times he demonstrated his______to other cops.(fear)8 In modern society, workers are in danger of being______. They become extension of the machine.(human)9 ______, most of these students studying overseas will come back eventually instead of settling down there permanently.(presume)10 Nobody knows for sure how much these free official banquets have cost the people, but it must have reached on______figure.(astronomy)二、Vocabulary11 The emotional strain of attending his dying mother______all his strength.（A）sapped（B）depleted（C）enervated（D）enfeebled12 The social worker claimed that it was impossible for the old man to live onhis______pension.（A）inadequate（B）insufficient（C）meager（D）skimpy13 The mystic found it hard, if not impossible, to______his philosophic position. （A）state（B）verbalize（C）communicate（D）deliver14 Literary magazines give $ 200______for critical articles from people who want to make a name for themselves in this field.（A）emolument（B）remuneration（C）stipend（D）honorariums15 He displayed______ignorance in handling what was an only routine personnel problem.（A）opprobrious（B）deplorable（C）culpable（D）regrettable16 Europeans______the indigenous Indian population they met with.（A）supplanted（B）displaced（C）rectified（D）renovated17 Disappointment followed his hopes of______after the costly operation.（A）rejuvenescence（B）renascence（C）rejuvenation（D）recrudescence18 He attempts to______the truth by appealing to dishonest, ignorant and irresponsible bigotry.（A）vitiate（B）adulterate（C）contaminate19 The typical ______professor was rapt in solving an equation while crossing against a red light.（A）inattentive（B）abstracted（C）absent-minded（D）oblivious20 A newly independent colony was plunged into ______ by warring factions and a lack of central leadership.（A）riot（B）anarchy（C）disorder（D）disturbance21 ______parents are relying even more heavily on tutors and cram schools to help their children succeed.（A）Nervous（B）Anxious（C）Fretful（D）Farsighted22 G. B Shaw wondered how parents could wait until their anger cooled in order to______ their children in cold blood.（B）spank（C）thrash（D）scourge23 A______smile that in the next minute turned into an embarrassed blush.（A）winsome（B）blithe（C）cherry（D）sunny24 The judge's ruling that political beliefs of the accused were______to the question of his guilt.（A）extrinsic（B）superfluous（C）inessential（D）immaterial25 A corrupt public official was______by colleagues afraid of inquires into their own affairs.（A）palliated（B）glossed over（C）whitewashed（D）extenuated26 "The only way to get rid of a temptation is to yield to it," wrote Oscar Wilde, a composer of brilliant______.（A）mottos（B）aphorisms（C）apothegms（D）epigrams27 The manager______a clerk whose clumsiness was responsible for the complete breakdown of operations in his department.（A）rebuked（B）admonished（C）reprimanded（D）reproached28 They______the mounting evidence of discrepancies in the report as justifying a new investigation.（A）beckoned（B）invoked（C）subpoenaed（D）conjured29 According to the American Academy of Orthopedic Surgeons, only 25% of those who suffer hip ______ever fully recover; as many as 20% will die within 12 months. Even when patients do recover, nearly half will need a cane or a walker to get around. （A）frankincense（B）fragments（C）fractures（D）fraction30 A steady flow of the ______weapons spread its genial influence throughout the frontier, and the respect which the Pathan tribesmen entertained for Christian civilization was vastly enhanced.（A）covetous（B）coveted（C）coveting（D）covet三、Reading Comprehension30 Chris Hrapko isn't afraid of tough conversations. As the founder of a nonprofit social-service agency, she battles bureaucracies on behalf of the homeless and the working poor. But there is one conversation Hrapko avoided. When her 92-year-old mother fell and broke her hip earlier this year, Hrapko knew it would affect her independent mother's living arrangements and health. But Hrapko, 51, was clueless about her mom's wishes. "We talked about a lot of things," she says, "but we never talked about a future in which my mom faced a problem that could leave her disabled, bedridden or on life support. "A recent survey by AARP found that nearly 70 percent of adult children have not talked to their parents about issues related to aging. Some children avoid this most intimate of conversations because they believe their parents don't want to talk. Others think they know what their parents want. And some simply don't want to face the veryreal truth that if you are lucky enough to have parents who live well into their senior years, chances are good that disease, injury, frailty, even loneliness, will affect a parent's well-being.While it's clear that having a conversation with aging parents is important, there is no blueprint on how to do it well. What works for one family may not work for yours. The key is to be flexible, says Mary Anne Ehlert, founder of Chicago-based Protected Tomorrows, an advocacy firm for families with special needs. She has found that one of the best ways to get the conversational ball rolling is to talk about your parents' and what they would do if faced with a situation in which people they loved could no longer care for themselves. " Ask your parents for advice; seek their wisdom in helping you help them," Ehlert says.It's also important for adults to be honest about what they are prepared to do for their parents. As parents age and become frail, many will need help with personal hygiene. It's these kinds of issues that can make the most devoted child balk. "Before you agree to be a caregiver, make sure you understand what you may be in for," says Monika White, president-elect of the National Association of Professional Geriatric Care Managers. " Adult children need to acknowledge their own limitations and then be prepared to make some type of arrangement for the things they simply can't do. "Realize that there is no such thing as one conversation about aging. " No one resolves the future in one afternoon of talk," says psychologist Brian Carpenter of Washington University in St. Louis. "It's a process. " One strategy is to schedule time to talk about a specific subject, such as wills or living arrangements.31 According to the first paragraph, Chris Hrapko______.（A）avoided talking about the issue of aging with her mother（B）realized that her mother wanted to talk to her about the future life（C）believed that her mother didn't want to talk to her about the aging issue（D）knew that the injury would cause her mother lonelier than before32 Many adult children have not talked to their parents about aging not because______. （A）some children think that their parents don't want to talk（B）some children believe that they know their parents well（C）some children are not lucky enough to have parents who live well into their senior years（D）some children shun the reality that their parents need help33 We can learn from paragraph 3 that______.（A）Chris Hrapko needs to seek advices from the expert and follow them step by step （B）Talking about your parents' personal values may make the conversation disputable（C）It is unadvisable to talk about your parents' future life where you cannot take care of them（D）talking with your parents about their aging but find an appropriate way34 The underlined word "balk"(Para. 4)most probably means______.（A）lazy（B）stop（C）joy（D）disappoint35 Which of the following is true of the text?（A）Chris Hrapko's mother refused to talk about the future problem with her daughter.（B）Mary Anne Ehlert advised people to communicate with their parents on their own way.（C）Monika White thought that if people cannot meet their parents' need, they cannot be a good caregiver.（D）Brian Carpenter suggested that people should spend more time in communicating with their parents.35 Less than five years ago. Scottish Opera was trapped in a financial quagmire from which few thought it could recover. Today, however, the national company seals its comeback by announcing its most wide-reaching program to date. In an interview with The Times, Alex Reedjik, general director of Scottish Opera, explained that a series of collaborations with other companies would enable it to maximize its output without<u>compromising its budget</u>. He admitted that the partnerships were borne of financial necessity, but argued they would allow the company to reach greater audiences than ever before. "Collaborations are the way forward," he said. "We have often done co-productions in the past but they are more important to us now to enable us to achieve all of our hopes. The problem is that sets are very expensive. If you can share those costs with another organization and not impact on artistic integrity, that is a positive, welcome and necessary thing.Highlights of the 2009-10 season will include a new co-production with New Zealand Opera of Rossini's The Italian Girl in Algiers, and a joint venture with Opera North The Adventures of Mr. Broucek, by Leos Janacek, featuring a 40-strong choir singing Hussite hymns, along with bagpipes and an organ. An unashamedly Italianate season this Autumn begins with a revival of Giles Havergal's popular 1994 production of The Elixir of Love. There will also be a revival of the Tony-award winning director Stewart Laing's production of Puccini's La Boheme.The turnaround in the company's fortunes is striking. In 2005, the year before Mr. Reedjik joined the organization, Scottish Opera was forced to make half of its staff, including the entire chorus , redundant and abandon its main-scale productions for a season after accumulating debts of a-round ￡4.5 million. The company's core grant, which at that time came from the Scottish Arts Council(it is now funded directly by the government)had not risen for several years. However, it had also haemorrhaged funds by staging the hugely expensive Ring Cycle, and according to some critics , had been overspending on props, with rumors of cast members wearing ￡ 300 designer shoes.A ￡ 7 million rescue package put together by the then Labor-led Scottish Executive saved the company from going dark on a permanent basis, but <u>the ease with which it almost went under forced a rethink of priorities</u>. While the company continues to stage several major productions each season, it has also introduced smaller touring works—the acclaimed Five: 15 series—which pairs leading writers with composers to create 15-minute chamber pieces that could be developed into longer productions. The aim, says Mr. Reedjik, is to put on as much opera in Scotland as possible without breaking the bank. So far the strategy seems to be working, with audiences averaging at around 95 ,000 people in the past three years, a rise of almost 50 per cent compared with2004 -05, the season before the company went dark. "What we are trying to do now is live within our means and raise as much as possible from philanthropic means," said Mr. Reedjik. " We seemed to have dropped out of the news for dumb stuff—now we're in the news for our interesting work. "36 This text is probably abridged from______.（A）a story（B）a speech（C）an argumentation（D）an interview37 The phrase "compromising its budget"(Line 5, Para. 1)probably means______. （A）agreeing on the principles（B）increasing the financial expanses（C）reaching the financial standards（D）promising a higher income38 It can be inferred from the last sentence in Paragraph 1 that______.（A）the quality of artistic performances may be worsened for lack of necessary funding （B）sharing the cost of sets can help the Scottish Opera out of financial difficulty（C）the series of collaborations with other companies have maximized the Scottish Opera's output（D）it's important for audience to hold a positive view on such co-productions39 The fact that "the ease ... forced a rethink of priorities"(Line 2-3, Para. 4)suggests that______.（A）the company makes great efforts in advocating its major productions（B）the company hires only the prestigious writers and composers to create works （C）the company tries its hand in producing shorter touring works（D）the company seeks for more funding from the local political party40 The best title for this article is______.（A）Collaboration Helps Revive Scottish Opera（B）A Rethink of Priorities in Productions（C）Turnaround in the Company's Fortunes（D）Persistence of Artistic Integrity Reading Passage 340 Americans no longer expect public figures, whether in speech or in writing, to command the English language with skill and gift. Nor do they aspire to such command themselves. In his latest book, Doing Our Own Thing: The Degradation of Language and Music and Why we should, Like, Cure, John Mcwhorter, a linguist and controversialist of mixed liberal and conservative views, see the triumph of 1960s counter-culture as responsible for the decline of formal English.Blaming the permissive 1960s is nothing new, but this is not yet another criticism against the decline in education. Mr. Mcwhorter's an academic specialty is language history and change, and he sees the gradual disappearance of "whom" , for example, to be natural and no more regrettable than the loss the case-endings of Old English.But the cult of the authentic and the personal, "doing our own thing," has spelt the death of formal speech, writing, poetry and music. While even the modestly educated sought an elevated tone when they put pen to paper before the 1960's even the most well regarded writing since then has sought to capture spoken English on the page. Equally, in poetry, the highly personal, performative genre is the only form that could claim real liveliness. In both oral and written English, <u>talking</u> is triumphing over speaking, spontaneity over craft.Illustrated with an entertaining array of examples from both high and low culture, the trend that Mr. Mcwhorter documents is unmistakable. But it is less clear, to take thequestion of his subtitle, why we should, like, care. As a linguist, he acknowledges that all varieties of human language, including non-standard ones like Black English, can be powerfully expressive—there exists no language or dialect in the world that cannot convey complex ideas. He is not arguing, as many do, that we can no longer think straight because we do not talk proper.Russians have a deep love for their own language and carry chunks of memorized poetry in their heads, while Italian politicians tend to elaborate speech that would seem old-fashioned to most English-speakers. Mr. Mcwhorter acknowledges that formal language is not strictly necessary, and proposes no radical educational reforms—he is really grieving over the loss of something beautiful more than useful. We now take our English "<u>on paper plates instead of china</u>". A shame, perhaps, but probably an inevitable one.41 According to Mcwhorter, the decline of formal English ______.（A）is inevitable in radical education reforms（B）is but all too natural in language development（C）has caused the controversy over the counter-culture（D）brought about changes in public attitudes in the 1960s42 The word "talking"(Line 6, Para. 3)denotes______.（A）modesty（B）personality（C）liveliness（D）informality43 To which of the following statements would McWhorter most likely agree?（A）Logical thinking is not necessarily related to the way we talk.（B）Black English can be more expressive than standard English.（C）Non-standard varieties of human language are just as entertaining.（D）Of all the varieties, standard English can best convey complex ideas.44 The description of Russians' love of memorizing poetry shows the author's______. （A）interest in their language（B）appreciation of their efforts（C）admiration for their memory（D）contempt for their old-fashionedness45 According to the last paragraph, "paper plates" is to "china" as______.（A）temporary is to "permanent"（B）radical is to "conservative"（C）functional is to "artistic"（D）humble is to "noble"45 The phenomenon of stress has been widely discussed and referred to as one of the central problems of our age. Globalization and the improved technology it brings only seems to make this problem worse, creating more options while at the same time making our lives more complex. Closely bound up with stress is the problem of "time famine". In Britain, for example, the combination of the longest working hours in Europe and the highest proportion of working women in Europe means people have less and less time to themselves. Add to this the rise in the number of single-person households and the work ethic promoted by successive governments since the early eighties and it becomes easy to see why time is now at a premium for so many of us.One response to this has come from the USA, so often the forerunner in what is fashionable, in the form of lifestyle management. This involves hiring a company to repair the house, do the shopping and a host of other time consuming tasks. Some analysts insist that the management of people's time could be big business in the next 10years. In the USA lifestyle management companies have been around for a while but now it seems that the British are keen to use them too.What most potential customers want is quality time. This means taking away the day to day hassles connected with running our lives. Whereas in the past there always seemed to be time for arranging private lives and keeping up with everyday demands of house, health, children or holidays, nowadays the work obsessed population, tied to the office, do not appear to be able to cope with such inconveniences. In other words, people require a separate Personal Assistant for their lifestyle!The jury is out, however, as to whether this new service is beneficial or not. Being constantly pressed for time is undoubtedly stressful and what could be better than relieving such pressures by offloading some of our more mundane tasks on a willing helper? Perhaps this can also be a way to ensure that you get quality service:. It is often said that a large part of Britain's service sector aims purely and simply at short term profit in return for bad quality goods and poor service. If you put experts in charge of finding a good plumber at a reasonable rate you can at least be assured that your leaking pipes will be fixed properly.This raises an important question, however. Is it really good for us to create more time to spend at work when we are already exhausted from working long hours? It may be far more important to take control of our private lives ourselves and in so doing relieve stress by giving ourselves a proper escape from the cares of the work-place. After all, if you do not have time to look after your own home and to organize your own life, then, just maybe, you have got your priorities wrong. There may be one reason why, in the end, the lifestyle management business will not take off in the UK and that is the inherendy conservative nature of the British. To really embrace this new concept we might all need to rethink our lives!46 The writer suggests that stress______.（A）is the most important problem of modern life（B）is caused by technology and globalization（C）can be made worse because of too many choices（D）can be less if we had more time to spend at work47 "time is at a premium"(line 8, paragraph 1)probably means that______.（A）the longer we work, the less important time is（B）time has become harder and harder to find（C）people have more free time in America than in Britain（D）saving time is a fashionable lifestyle trend48 According to the text, most potential customers______.（A）do not have a personal assistant in their offices（B）are too lazy to organize their private lives（C）have problems coping with the demands of daily living（D）enjoy the way of spending more time at work49 What is true of lifestyle management companies according to the author? （A）They will definitely become important even it takes time to accept them. （B）They are not interested in long-term relationships with customers.（C）They benefit the customers by giving a cheap way of saving time.（D）They have expertise in getting the right people to do jobs for their clients.50 The author probably believes that the British______.（A）will accept the need for lifestyle management companies（B）have to give careful thought to their way of life（C）should turn to experts when dealing with specific problems（D）should be well trained with a good work ethic Reading Passage 550 Shopping used to be nothing more than a way of obtaining food, clothing and other necessities of life. Today, however, shopping symbolizes the materialistic culture of western society and its popularity as a leisure activity reflects the rise of consumerism.【R1】______Having more money has meant spending patterns have changed. While traditional models of economic behavior assume that consumers are rational and weigh up the costs and benefits before making a purchase, anyone who has ever walked into a shop and left five minutes later with a new jacket and 180 less in their wallet knows that this theory does not always hold true.【R2】______Her research on consumer behavior identified impulsive buying as an attempt by shoppers to bolster their self-image, particularly for those who suffered from so-called compulsive buying or shopping addiction, a condition that affects 2 to 5 per cent of adults in the West.The three-year study compared excessive buyers to a similar group of ordinary consumers. Excessive shoppers were more materialistic and believed that buying goods was a pathway to success, happiness and identity. " Excessive buying is a coping strategy to fill the gaps between how shoppers feel about themselves and the person they want to be," Dr Dittmar said.【R3】______Her research also reveals that certain types of goods are more likely to be bought on impulse than others. Those most frequently reported—clothes, jewellery, ornaments—are closely related to self-image and appearance. This finding is contrary to usual theories about impulse shopping, which explain it as a short-term gratification winning out over longer-term concerns such as debt.【R4】______In other words, shoppers were more willing to wait for "low impulse" goods such as kitchenware, than they were for clothes or other "high impulse" items. However, it was found that some of the 60 consumers asked to maintain a shopping diary for the study often regretted their impulsive purchases. Dr Dittmar said, "When people had explicitly bought for self-image reasons, regret was more likely to occur. "But this finding was ambiguous because shopping addicts were more motivated by self-image than ordinary shoppers and were more likely to regret their actions. "It's not quite clear which way round this relationship goes, but there is a link between being very concerned with self-image goods and regretting impulse buying. " The conclusions drawn by Dr Dittmar about the treatment of compulsive shoppers are that prescribing anti-depressant drugs might solve the problem but only as long as sufferers continue to take them. Instead, they needed therapeutic help to address the underlying causes such as poor self-image.【R5】______"In no sense do these people directly force anyone to buy anything. But they are very sophisticated, making advertisements and shopping environments very seductive and playing on the idea that if you buy product X you will be much more attractive. "A. Dr. Dittmar said that the idea that consumers' impulsiveness differed, depending on the type of goods, was also supported by the finding that shoppers were less willing to delay gratification for items bought on impulse.B. But there are pitfalls, such as debt and addiction to buying. Addicts shop for shopping's sake rather than to buy what they need.C. Helga Dittmar, senior lecturer in psychology at Sussex University, has found that consumer goods are the material symbols of who a person is and who they would like to be.D. Her research also raises questions over the methods used to attract shoppers and encourage them to buy. Although advertisers and retailers increasingly appeal to consumers' self-image, Dr Dittmar said it was very difficult to argue that these factors were responsible for compulsive shopping.E. Although there were other ways of dealing with poor self-image, such as over-exercising or alcoholism , she said that shopping had become one of the most important strategies. This was especially true for women, who were three times more likely to be compulsive shoppers than men, as shopping was a socially approved activity, and allowed those who do not go out to work to get out of the house, Dr. Dittmar said.F. Women make the majority of buying decisions—estimates anywhere from 60 - 80% and growing. Despite these facts, some industries have created frustrating walls and barriers failing to cater to the buying characteristics women are looking for.G. This has been made possible by the 75 per cent increase in disposable income in the past 20 years. The number of credit cards in use has more than quadrupled, and the amount of outstanding consumer debt has almost tripled in the same period.51 【R1】52 【R2】53 【R3】54 【R4】55 【R5】55 In the grip of a bubble mentality, we—as investors, consumers and businesses—blithely assumed risk and convinced ourselves it was perfectly safe to do so. We bought houses with no money down, took on huge amounts of debt and let the booming stock and housing markets perform the heavy lifting of saving. After all, new technologies, securitization and derivatives permitted financial wizards to slice, dice, sell—and,ultimately, banish—any type of risk. But the intellectual scaffolding surrounding that culture of debt and risk has fallen along with the stocks of Citigroup and AIG. And now the Zeitgeist has spun 180 degrees. Squeeze your nickels, slash debt, stop gambling.【R6】______Those are the $4 trillion questions. Earlier this decade, we transitioned effortlessly from the dotcom bubble to a housing and credit bubble, which suggests a powerful resiliency. But financial trauma can leave deep scar tissue, as it did after the Great Depression.It's tempting in this period of contraction to mimic Thoreau, to live simply and deliberately. But if we lose our penchant for gain and risk, we'll lose some of the essence of what makes us American. Economists warn that if we don't manage to jolt the economy back to life soon, we runthe risk of repeating Japan's "lost decade" of the 1990s. Would that be so bad?【R7】______ But America is different. Thanks to our continually rising population, we need significant growth just to maintain our standards of living—and the health of our democracy.Saving cash and building up reserves is a necessary first step to recovery. But eventually the mountain of cash has to be put to work. Last week's sharp market rally was certainly a sign—however fleeting it may turn out to be—that investors are putting money to work again.【R8】______Between 1996 and 2007, according to the Kauffman Foundation, about 0. 3 percent of the adult population started a new business each month, or about 495 ,000 per month.【R9】______In recent years, many new businesses have been financed through retirement savings, second mortgages and credit-card debt. None of those three sources of funding is particularly deep now. Even so, layoffs can prove a powerful spur to entrepreneurship.The new ethos of thrift, which is as much about efficiency and sustainability as it is about penny-pinching, may have significant commercial applications—beyond green roofs. Startups in wind power and smart-grid technology are still finding sources of funding. Small enterprises that install solar panels and conduct energy audits are expanding.【R10】______The markets, and the economy as a whole, are continually buffeted by the twin forces of fear and greed. For the past year, fear has clearly had the upper hand. But over time, as fear subsides, our inborn instincts to improve our lot—Adam Smith would call it self-interest—will make a comeback.A. They, and other businesses, will benefit from measures in the recently passed stimulus package to weatherize homes, and make government buildings more energy-efficient.B. After all, while Japan endured a prolonged period of slow growth, nobody starved, there was no social unrest in the aging country, and its biggest companies continued to innovate.。

科目代码：241四川外国语大学XXXX年攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题科目名称：自命题英语答题要求：所有答案必须写在答题纸上，否则不给分。

全卷100分，3小时完成。

I.Beneath each of the following sentences,there are four choices marked a,b,c and d. Choose the one that best completes the sentence.Write your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(15%)1.Tom,more than anyone else,anxious to go there again.a.areb.isc.wered.being2.This is the only one of the books on the subject in English.a.that has ever been writtenb.that has ever been wrotec.which has ever been writed.which have ever been written3.,Alex crashed his car into a parked truck.a.Pay no attention to the roadb.Not paid attention to the roadc.Not paying attention on the roadd.Not paying attention to the road4.in1636,Harvard is one of the most famous universities in the United States.a.Foundingb.It was foundedc.Foundedd.Being founded5.The decision,the next problem was how to make a good plan.a.being madeb.was madec.having maded.having been made6.Had the committee members considered the alternatives more carefully,they that the second was better than the first.a.would have realizedb.should have realizedc.had realizedd.would realize7.You Johnson in the library yesterday,she has been out of town for two weeks.a.needn’t have seenb.must have seenc.might have seend.can’t have seen8.at a computer screen for long periods of time can cause severe eyestrain.a.glancingb.staringc.watchingd.glimpsing9.When I took his temperature,it was two degrees above.a.averageb.ordinaryc.normald.regular10.Accuracy is to the programming of computers.a.fundamentalb.elementalc.primaryd.basic11.Children are very curious by.a.characterb.personalityc.natured.property12.The boy was______from school because of fighting.a.deferredb.suspendedc.delayedd.prolonged13.He had polished the table-top until it.a.glistenedb.glaredc.glitteredd.gleamed14.The union under the financial strain.a.broke upb.broke outc.broke offd.broke down15.Though already a teenager,Peter still finds it difficult to his toys.a.part fromb.part withc.part downd.part ofII.Each of the following sentences contains one mistake.Among the four choices marked a,b,c and d,choose the one in which you think the mistake is and write your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(10%)1.People realize that,although animals may not have the same intelligence like human being,a. b. c.they are smart enough to learn certain things.d.2.A knowledge of several languages are essential to other majors’study because without ita. b. c. one can read books only in translation.d.3.It was a beautifully decorated ancient house which door opened to the east.a. b. c. d.4.The small college,however,generally provides a limited number of courses anda. b.specializations,but offers a better student-faculty radio,thus permit individualized attention toc. d.students.5.The ideals and practices of child rearing vary from culture to culture.In general,the morea.rural the community,the more uniform is the customs of child upbringing.b. c. d.6.Primates are also known for their great intelligence,related for part to their great awarenessa. b.of the environment plus the ability to manipulate this environment.c. d.7.Helen has tried twice,and she is asked to have the third try.a. b. c. d.8.It is true that their work may be dirty,but not necessary shameful.a. b. c.dputer analyzed marketing reports can help deciding which products to emphasize now,a. b.which to develop for the future,and which to be dropped.c. d.10.In every case,the influential person may unconsciously notice the imitation but he will feela. b.comfortably in its presence.c. d.III.Each of the passages below is followed by some questions.For each question,there are four choices marked a,b,c and d.Choose the best one and write your answer on the ANSWER SHEET.(25%)Passage OneThe better defined your hiring process is,the more easily,it will be adhered to.I suggest that you use a multi-stage interviewing process by which the candidate meets with multiple people to provide different opinions and input on the hiring-decision.Again,keep all notes taken during the interview.These notes should be factual and should detail observations made by the people conducting the interview as well as quotations of the candidate’s responses to questions.There should be no inferences made about a candidate in any notes,and no notes should be taken on a résumé.Pre-determine three to six questions that will help you uncover the capability of each applicant and ask those same questions to each person that is interviewed.These initial questions will serve as a departure point to base other follow-up questions on.By using the same question in different ways and you will also be able to draw close comparisons between each candidate’s responses,which will help you determine the best match for the position.Developing that interviewing process a little further,time limits should be set on responses to candidates.Today’s job market changes so rapidly that waiting more than72 hours to inform a candidate how he or she did in an interview is an eternity.Many candidates have multiple interviews within one or two days and plan to take the first job offered that meets their salary and benefits demands.Hired or not,as a candidate,it is much easier to keep a positive frame of mind about a company that is responsive,shows an interest in your success as an individual,and provides feedback about an interview within one or two days.Waiting to make a decision about candidates is how other companies manage to hire the“perfect fit”right out from under you!1.As for an interview,the author suggests that.a.there should be more than one interviewer in the interviewing processb.only the applicants’responses to questions should be noted and recorded.c.interviewers should make some notes on the margins of the candidates’résumésd.interviewers should ask whatever questions that may help decide the perfect fit2.The passage is mainly about.a.how to pre-determine questions in an interviewb.how to respond to candidates after an interviewc.how to arrange the interviewing process properlyd.how to decide the best match during an interview3.By“waiting more than72hours to inform a candidate how he or she did in an interview isan eternity”in Line2of Paragraph3,the author means.a.it’s boring for a candidate to wait more than72hours to know the result of an interviewb.it’s too long to keep a candidate waiting over72hours to know the result of the interviewc.it’s necessary for a candidate to wait72more hours because it takes time to make decisionsd.it's outdated to inform the candidates the result of the interview after more than72 hours4.According to the passage,time limits should be set on responses to candidates mainlybecause.a.today’s job market changes very rapidlyb.candidates usually attend many interviewsc.it helps interviewers gain the initiative to hire the perfect matchd.candidates finds it boring to wait a'long time to know the result5．The phrase“departure point”,in Line3of Paragraph2refers to.a.the conclusion pointb.the starting pointc.the leaving pointd.the central pointPassage Two“Opinion”is a word that is used carelessly today.It is used to refer to matters of taste, belief,and judgment.This casual use would probably cause little confusion if people didn’t attach too much importance to opinion.Unfortunately,most do attach great importance to it.“I have as much right to my opinion as you to yours,”and“Everyone’s entitled to his opinion,”are common expressions.In fact,anyone who would challenge another's opinion is likely to be branded intolerant.Is that label accurate?Is it intolerant to challenge another's opinion?It depends on what definition of opinion you have in mind.For example,you may ask a friend“What do you think of the new Ford cars?”And he may reply,“In my opinion,they’re ugly.”In this case,it would not only be intolerant to challenge his statement,but foolish.For it’s obvious that by opinion he means his personal preference,a matter of taste.And as the old saying goes,“It’s pointless to argue about matters of taste.”But consider this very different use of the term,a newspaper reports that the Supreme Court has delivered its opinion in a controversial case.Obviously the justices did not state their personal preferences,their mere likes and dislikes.They stated their considered judgment, painstakingly arrived at after thorough inquiry and deliberation.Most of what is referred to as opinion falls somewhere between these two extremes.It is not an expression of taste.Nor is it careful judgment.Yet it may contain elements of both.It is a view or belief more or less casually arrived at,with or without examining the evidence.Is everyone entitled to his opinion?Of course,this is not only permitted,but guaranteed. We are free to act on our opinions only so long as,in doing so,we do not harm others.6.Which of the following statements is TRUE,according to the author?a.Casual use of the word"opinion"often brings about quarrels.b.Most people tend to be careless in forming their opinions.c.Free expression of opinions often leads to confusion.d.Everyone has a right to hold his own opinion.7.According to the author,who of the following would be labored as intolerant?a.Someone whose opinion harm.other people.b.Someone who values only their own opinions.c.Someone who can't put up with others’tastes.d.Someone who turns a deaf ear to others’opinions.8.The new Ford cars are cited as an example to show that________.a.it is foolish to criticize a famous brandb.personal tastes are not something to be challengedc.it is unwise to express one's likes and dislikes in publicd.one should not always agree to others'opinions9.Considered judgment is different from personal preference in that________.a.it is based on careful thoughtb.it is stated by judges in the courtc.it reflects public like and dislikesd.it is a result of a lot of controversy10.As indicated in the passage,being free to act on one’s opinion________.a.doesn’t mean that one has the right to charge others without evidenceb.means that one can impose his pre6ereaccs on othersc.doesn’t mean that one has the right to do things at willd.means that one can ignore other people's criticismPassage ThreeIf you know exactly what you want,the best route to a job is to get specialized training.A recent survey shows that companies like graduates in such fields as business and health care who can go to work immediately with very little on-the-job training.That’s especially true of booming fields that are challenging for workers.At Cornell’s School of Hotel Administration,for example,bachelor’s degree graduates get an average of four or five job offers with salaries ranging from the high to the low and plenty of chances for rapid rge companies,especially,like a background of formal education coupled with work experience.But in the long run,too much specialization doesn’t pay off.Business,which has been flooded with MBAs,no longer considers the degree an automatic stamp of approval.The MBA may open doors and command a higher salary initially,but the impact of a degree washes out after five years.As further evidence of the erosion of corporate faith in specialized degrees,Michigan State’s Scheetz cites a pattern in corporate hiring practices.Although companies tend to take on specialists as new hires,they often seek out generalists for middle and upper-level management.“They want someone who isn’t constrained by nuts and bolts to look at the big picture,”says Scheetz.This sounds suspiciously like a formal statement that you approve of the liberal-arts graduate.Time and Again Labor-market analysts mention a need for talents that liberal-arts majors are assumed to have:writing and communication skills,organizational skills, open-mindedness and adaptability,and the ability to analyze and solve problems.David Birch claims he does not hire anybody with an MBA or an engineering degree,“I hire only liberal-arts people because they have a less-than-canned way of doing things,”says Birch. Liberal-arts means an academically thorough and strict program that includes literature,history, mathematics,economics,science,human behavior—plus a computer course or two.With that under your belt,you can feel free to specialize,“A liberal-arts degree coupled with an MBA or some other technical training is a very good combination in the marketplace,”says Scheetz.11.What kinds of people are in high demand on the job market?a.People with special training in engineeringb.Students with a bachelor's degree in humanities.c.People with an MBA degree front top universities.d.People with formal schooling plus work experience.12.By saying“…but the impact of a degree washes out after five years”(Line3-4,Para,3), the author means________.a.in five people will forget about the degree the MBA graduates have gotb.MBA programs will not be as popular in five years’time as they are nowc.an MBA degree does not help promotion to managerial positionsd.most MBA programs fail to provide students with a solid foundation13.According to Scheetz’s statement(Lines4-5.Para.4),companies prefer________.a.people who have received training in mechanicsb.people who have a strategic mindc.people who are talented in fine artsd.people who are ambitious and aggressive14.David Birch claims that he only hires liberal-arts people because________.a.they have attended special programs in managementb.they can stick to established ways of solving problemsc.they are more capable of handling changing situationsd.they are thoroughly trained in a variety of specialized fields15.Which of the following statements does the author support?a.Generalists will outdo specialists in management.b.On-the-job training is,in the long run,less costly.c.Formal schooling is less important than job training.d.Specialists are more expensive to hire than generalists.Passage FourPeople tend to be more impressed by evidence that seems to confirm some relationship. Thus many are convinced their dreams are prophetic because a few have come true;they neglect or fail to notice the many that have not.Consider also the belief that“the phone always rings when I’m in the shower.”If it does ring while you are in the shower,the event will stand out and be remembered.If it doesn’t ring, that event probably won’t even register.People want to see order,pattern and meaning in the world.Consider,for example,the common belief that things like personal misfortunes,plane crashes,and deaths“happen in threes.”Such beliefs stem from the tendency of people to allow the third event to define the time period.If three plane crashes occur in a month,then the period of time that counts as their “happening together”is one month;if three crashes occur in a year,then the period of time is stretched.Flexible end points reinforce such beliefs.We also tend to believe what we want to believe.A majority of people think they are more intelligent,more fair-minded and more skilled behind the wheel of an automobile than the average person.Part of the reason we view ourselves so favorably is that we use criteria that work to our advantage.As economist Thomas Schelling explains,“Everybody ranks himself high in qualities he values:careful drivers give weight to care,skilled drivers give weight to skill,and those who are polite give weight to courtesy.”This way everyone ranks high on his own scale.Perhaps the most important mental habit we can learn is to be cautious in drawing conclusions.The“evidence”of everyday life is sometimes misleading.16.In the first paragraph the author states that____________.a.dreams cannot be said to be prophetic even though a few have come trueb.dreams are prophetic because some of them did come truec.dreams may come true if clearly rememberedd.dreams and reality are closely related17.By“things like...happen in threes”(Para.3,Line2),the author indicates that people believe____________.a.personal misfortunes tend to happen every now and thenb.personal misfortunes,plane crashes,and deaths usually happen togetherc.misfortunes tend to occur according to certain patternsd.misfortunes will never occur more than three times to a person in his lifetime18.The word“courtesy”(Para.4,Line6)probably means____________.a.good mannersb.appropriate speechc.friendly relationsd.satisfactory service19.What can be inferred from the passage?a.Happenings that go unnoticed deserve more attention.b.In a series of misfortunes the third one is usually the most serious.c.People tend to make use of evidence that supports their own beliefs.d.Believers of misfortunes happening in threes are cautious in interpreting events.20.It can be concluded from the passage that___________.a.there is some truth even in the wildest dreamsb.one should take notice of other people's meritsc.there is no order or pattern in world eventsd.we should not base our conclusions on accidental evidencePassage FiveFor well over2000years the world’s great religions have taught the virtues of a trusting heart.Now there is another reason to merit the wisdom of the ages:scientific evidence indicates that those with trusting hearts will live longer,healthier lives.As a result of the work published in the1970s by two pioneering heart specialists,Meyer Friedman and Pay H.Rosenman,nearly every American is aware that blood Type A people are impatient,and easily moved to hostility and anger.Many have come to believe that Type A’s are at a much higher risk of suffering heart attack or dying of heart disease than others.The driving force behind hostility is a cynical mistrust of others.If we expect others to mistreat us,we are seldom disappointed.This generates anger and leads us to respond with hostility.The most characteristic attitude of a cynic is being suspicious of the motives of people he doesn’t know.Imagine you are waiting for an elevator and it stops two floors above for longer than usual.How inconsiderate!You think.In a few seconds,you have drawn hostile conclusions about unseen people and their motives.Meanwhile,your cynical mistrust is leading to noticeable physical consequences.Your voice rises.The rate and depth of your breathing increases.Your heart is beating faster and harder,and the muscles of your arms and legs become tight.You feel“charged up”,ready for action.If you frequently experience these feelings,you may be at increased risk of developing serious health problems.Anger can add to the risk of heart and other diseases.21.According to the author,people with trusting hearts are________.ually intelligent and wiseually very religiousc.less likely to get heart diseasesd.not likely to be mistreated by others22.The book by Meyer Friedman and Ray H.Rosenman most probably discusses_________.a.friendliness and hostilityb.trust and mistrust of peoplec.heart diseases and death rated.people’s characters and their blood types23.According to the passage,if you have a fixed idea in mind that people will mistreat you, you will always find it___________.a.to be disappointingb.to be pleasingc.to be wrongd.to be so24.A cynic,in the passage,is a person___________.a.who is always ready to fightb.who usually has doubts about the people around himc.whose behaviour usually leads to serious health problemsd.whose behaviour usually seems strange to the people he knows25.Author’s intention in writing the passage is to___________.a.advise people to be patientb.analyze the danger of heart diseasesc.persuade people to be trustfuld.praise the wisdom of the old peopleIV.Read the following passage carefully and then translate the underlined paragraphs into Chinese.(35%)A father is busy putting decorations on to the Christmas tree but as quickly as he puts them on his two-year-old son pulls them off.He is about to put the child in a playpen when his wife suggests that it might make more sense to put the tree in the play pen and leave the child outside.Instead of keeping the child away from the tree one can keep the tree away from the child.(1)Lateral(横向的，侧面的)thinking involves moving sideways to look at things in a different way.Instead of fixing on one particular approach and then working forward from that the lateral thinker tries to find other approaches.(2)You cannot dig a hole in a different place by digging the same hole deeper.A committee that is convinced that parking meters are the only way to control city parking will spend its time deciding what meters to use,where to put them and how to patrol them.A lateral thinker would look at other approaches:letting people park anywhere they liked so long as they left their headlights on;giving people licenses which would allow them to park free in town only one day a week and so encouraging car sharing;visible licenses that the motorist would pay for if he wanted to park anywhere in town.(3)Our thinking traditions are very firmly based on logical thinking in which we start off with a certain way of looking at things and then see what we can deduce from that.This can be called vertical thinking since it involves building on what is accepted as traditional.Vertical thinking is for using ideas and lateral thinking is for changing them.(4)Most of our thinking does not take place at the logical stage but at the perceptual stage which precedes teral thinking is to do with changing perceptions and finding new ways of looking at teral thinking is the practical process of creativity.There are various deliberate techniques such as the use of stepping stones(produced,for instance,by reversing the usual situation).(5)Lateral thinking turns creativity into a tool.In a patterning system such as the mind provocation is as important as analysis-and more important for changing ideas.V.Translate the following sentences into English.(15%)1.我非常疲倦，要去睡觉了。