四川外国语大学611基础英语+811英语翻译与写作2013考研真题

科目代码：813四川外国语大学XXXX年攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题科目名称：法语翻译与写作答题要求：所有答案必须写在答题纸上，否则不给分。

全卷150分，3小时完成。

一、法译汉（共50分）La réussite scolaire des enfants est pénalisée en cas de divorce ou de séparation des parents,quel que soit leur milieu social,selon uneétude réalisée par l’Institut nationale d’études démographiques(INED)pour la revue Population et Société.Malgréune certaine banalisation du divorce et la démocratisation desétudes au cours des dernières années,qui a fait progresser le nombre de bacheliers（法国中学毕业会考合格者）,lesécarts de réussite se sont maintenus entre les enfants qui ont connu la désunion des parents avant leur majoritéet ceux qui en ontétépréservés.Dans les milieux les moins favorisés,lorsque la mère n’est pas diplômée et est séparée du père,un enfant sur deux quitte le système scolaire sans aucun diplôme,contre “seulement”un sur trois lorsque les parents sont ensemble.Dans les milieux plus favorisés(cadres,professions intermédiaires),ce sont surtout lesétudes supérieures qui souffrent de la désunion des parents,avec les chances d’obtenir un diplôme du second cycle universitaire qui se réduisent de45à25%lorsque les parents rompent leur union.Mais lesétudes strictement scolaires aussi sont affectées, avec un taux d’échec au bac qui double en cas de séparation des parents.二、汉译法（共50分）学汉语的外国人一天比一天感到自己要面对这样的“现实”，它们用中文表达起来完整又具体，但是很难翻译，因为语言是不同文化和不同思维方式的反映。

2013翻译硕士MTI各校真题汇总2013翻译硕士各校真题汇总2013考研已经过去，各种尘埃即将落定。

先把各个学校的真题回忆版本汇总给后来人一个复习方向。

也算给考研生活画上一个圆满的句号。

感谢网友的及时回忆，谢谢给位的奉献。

欢迎补充！愿各位取的好成绩！1、2013复旦大学MTI专业课真题回忆版基础英语。

今年的基础英语稍微有些变化，第一题仍然是无选项完型，20个空，第二题是改错，和第一题是属于一篇文章的，二十行二十个错误，第三题是词汇和语法，词汇题比去年增加了不少，第四题是阅读理解四篇一共15个小题，最后一篇稍微有些深度，上来第一句是boresom 其实是讲现代社会摧毁理性和真理的。

然后作文25分就最后一篇阅读理解发表一下自己的看法。

翻译。

背了一堆翻译词汇今年竟然一个词汇翻译都没有，就一个汉译英70分与一个英译汉80分。

英译汉是一篇医学文章，里面什么胆囊啊肠啊的生词一大堆。

汉译英是文言文啊亲，我旦不学好啊，跟着北大学考文言文额。

原文如下：世有三乐，真乐也。

一曰人伦之乐，二曰心地之乐，三曰讲习之乐。

孟子曰：“父母俱存，兄弟无故，一乐也。

”此人伦之乐也；“仰不愧于天，俯不怍于人，二乐也。

”此心地之乐也；“得天下英才而教育之，三乐也。

”此讲习之乐也。

人伦之乐自父母兄弟之外，妻室欲其同甘苦，子孙欲其师教，宗族欲其和睦，女之适人者欲其得所归结，自人伦而推之，有一败人意则非乐也。

心地之乐岂止俯仰无愧怍而已，其道德必与圣贤合、与天地并，可也；道德未同乎圣贤、未同乎天地，不可以已也。

讲习之乐何止于得英才而教育，凡学问德行之有胜乎吾者，吾方且师之，虽受人之教育亦乐矣。

此三者，天下之真乐。

不此之乐，而以外物为乐，乐未一二，而忧已八九。

世俗以为乐，识者不贵也。

百科知识中国四大发明，欧债危机，金砖四国，莫言，生态难民，莎士比亚，君主立宪制，euro tunnel，thedeclaration of independence，DNA，伦敦奥运会，秦始皇陵兵马俑，论语，大中华文库，Encyclopedia Britannica，a nation on wheels，还有一个masps 还是什么的这个不知道，数了数17个还有8个想不起来了，这个是一个2分，一共五十分。

一、名词解释1 【正确答案】 Descriptive adequacy is achieved when a grammar not only produces correct explanations for raw linguistic data, but also produces correct explanations for the linguistic competence of the speaker and hearer.【试题解析】 (考查描述充分性)2 【正确答案】 Textual function refers to the fact that language has mechanisms to make any stretch of spoken or written discourse into a coherent and unified text.【试题解析】 (考查语篇功能)3 【正确答案】 Illocutionary act refers to an utterance that accomplishes something in the act of speaking something.【试题解析】 (考查行事行为)4 【正确答案】 Arbitrariness refers to the fact that the forms of linguistic signs have no natural relationship, while motivation refers to the extent to which the individual worksor strives to learn the language because of a desire to do so and the satisfaction experienced in this activity.【试题解析】 (考查语言的任意性和二语习得的动机)5 【正确答案】 Ideal speaker refers to the speaker who has mastered and internalized the linguistic rules of his native language, or in other words, a speaker of a language who has the ability to speak and understand the language in a grammatically-correct manner.【试题解析】 (考查理想说话者的定义)6 【正确答案】 Bound morpheme refers to those morphemes which cannot occur alone, such as the plural morpheme"-s"in "cats" and the negative morpheme "dis-" in "dislike".【试题解析】 (考查粘着语素)7 【正确答案】 Blending is a relatively complex form of compounding, in which two words are blended by joining the initial part of the first word and the final part of the second word, or by only joining the initial parts of the two words. For example, "breakfast" + "lunch"→"brunch" , "smoke" + "fog"→"smog".【试题解析】 (考查混成法)8 【正确答案】 Language use can be formal, neutral and casual in style. The stylistic features of words, which make words appropriate for appropriate situations, constitute stylistic meanings of words. For example, "father" is more formal than "dad" and "friend" is more formal than "buddy".【试题解析】 (考查文体含义)9 【正确答案】 Loanword refers to the process in which both form and meaning of the words are borrowed from other languages, with only a slight adaptation. For example, English borrowed "tea" from Chinese, "sputnik" from Russian.【试题解析】 (考查借词)10 【正确答案】 Homonymy refers to the phenomenon that words having different meanings have the same form. For example, different words may be identical in sound or spelling, or both. Such as "meet"—"meat", "pupil"(student)—"pupil"(the small round black area at the center of the eye).【试题解析】 (考查同音／同形异义现象)二、简答题11 【正确答案】 1．他喜欢假装自己是电子方面的专家。

2013年四川大学英语翻译基础真题试卷(题后含答案及解析) 题型有：1. 词语翻译 2. 英汉互译词语翻译英译汉1．SAARC正确答案：南亚区域合作联盟2．P5-plus-l正确答案：(联合国安全理事会的五个常任理事国+德国)P5+1集团3．QE 3正确答案：第三轮量化宽松政策4．CDM正确答案：清洁发展机制5．BRICS正确答案：金砖五国6．UNCTAD正确答案：联合国贸易发展会议7．SCO正确答案：上海合作组织8．Hamid Karzai正确答案：哈米德·卡尔扎伊9．Fiscal Cliff正确答案：财政悬崖10．mandatory evacuation正确答案：强制撤离11．Non Aligned Movement正确答案：不结盟运动12．CO2 equivalent正确答案：二氧化碳等价物13．social media正确答案：社交媒体14．UN General Assembly 67 th Session正确答案：第67届联合国大会15．hybrid cars正确答案：混合动力汽车汉译英16．亚欧首脑会议正确答案：Asia—Europe Summit Meeting17．中共十八大正确答案：the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China 18．移动媒体正确答案：mobile media19．光棍节正确答案：Singles’Day20．反倾销与反补贴正确答案：anti—dumping and anti-subsidy21．电视相亲正确答案：TV dating22．上海期货交易所正确答案：Shanghai Futures Exchange23．富二代正确答案：the affluent second generation24．海上风能正确答案：offshore wind energy25．早稻田大学正确答案：Waseda University26．车载信息系统正确答案：info-telematic system27．伦敦金融城正确答案：City of London28．资产负债表正确答案：balance sheet29．“被就业”正确答案：falsification of graduates employment status 30．《文心雕龙》正确答案：The Literary Mind and the Carving of Dragons 英汉互译英译汉31．The misfortunes of human beings may be divided into two classes: First, those inflicted by the non-human environment and, second, those inflicted by other people. As mankind has progressed in knowledge and technique, the second class has become a continually increasing percentage of the total. In old times, famine, for example, was due to natural causes, and although people did their best to combat it, large numbers of them died of starvation. At the present moment large parts of the world are faced with the threat of famine, but although natural causes have contributed to the situation, the principal causes are human. For six years the civilized nations of the world devoted all their best energies to killing each other, and they find it difficult suddenly to switch over to keeping each other alive. Having destroyed harvests, dismantled agricultural machinery, and disorganized shipping, they find it no easy matter to relieve the shortage of crops in one place by means of a superabundance in another, as would easily be done if the economic system were in normal working order. As this illustration shows, it is now man that is man’s worst enemy. Nature, it is true, still sees to it that we are mortal, but with the progress in medicine it will become more and more common for people to live until they have had their fill of life. We are supposed to wish to live forever and to look forward to the unending joys of heaven, of which, by miracle, the monotony will never grow stale. But in fact, if you question any candid person who is no longer young, he is very likely to tell you that, having tasted life in this world, he has no wish to begin again as a ‘new boy’in another. For the future, therefore, it may be taken that the most important evils that mankind have to consider are those which they inflict upon each other through stupidity or malevolence or both.正确答案：人类的不幸可以分为两种类型，第一种是非人类的环境因素强加的不幸，第二类是其他人造成的不幸。

2012年四川外国语大学811英语翻译与写作考研真题及详解【圣才出品】2012年四川外国语大学811英语翻译与写作考研真题及详解I.Translate the underlined parts into Chinese.(50Points)I have a mind to fill the rest of this paper with an accident that happened just under my eyes,and has made a great impression upon me.I have just passed part of this summer at an old romantic seat of my Lord Harcourt’s,which he has lent me.It overlooks a common field,where,under the shadow of a haycock,sat two lovers,as constant as ever were found in romance,beneath a spreading beech.The name of the one(let it sound as it will)was John Hewett;of the other,Sarah Drew. John was a well-set man about five-and-twenty;Sarah a brown woman of eighteen. John had for several months borne the labor of the day in the same field with Sarah; when she milked,it was his morning and evening charge to bring the cows to her pail.Their love was the talk,but not the scandal of the neighborhood;for all they aimed at was the blameless possession of each other in marriage.It was but this very morning that he obtained her parents’consent,and it was but till the next week that they were to wait to be happy.Perhaps this very day,in the intervals of their work,they were talking of their wedding clothes;and John was now matching several kinds of poppies and field flowers to her complexion,to make her a present of knots for the day.While they were thus employed(it was on the last day of July,)a terrible storm of thunder and lightning arose,that drove the laborers to what shelter the trees or hedges afforded. Sarah,frightened and out ofbreath,sunk on a haycock,and John(who neverseparated from her)sat by her side,haying raked two or three heaps together to secure her.Immediately there was heard so loud a crack as if heaven had burst asunder.The laborers,all solicitous for each other’s safety,called to one another: those who were nearest our lovers,hearing no answer,stepped to the place where they lay.They first saw a little smoke,and after,this faithful pair;John with one arm about Sarah’s neck,and the other held over her face,as if to screen her from the lightning.They were struck dead,and already grown stiff and cold in this tender posture.There was no mark or discoloring on their bodies,only that Sarah’s eyebrow was a little singed,and a small spot between her breasts.They were buried next day in one grave,in the parish of Stanton Harcourt; where my Lord Harcourt,at my request,has erected a monument over them.【参考译文】我想在信纸空余的地方写一写我亲眼见到的一件事情，这件事给我留下很深的印象。

四川外国语⼤学811英语翻译与写作历年考研真题及详解四川外国语⼤学《811英语翻译与写作》历年考研真题及详解2003年四川外国语⼤学411英语翻译与写作考研真题及详解I. Translate the following into Chinese (50%):The Backstairs Battle for White House InfluencePresident Reagans White House staff is divided into three parts: the upstairs part headed by the pragmatic James Baker(詹姆斯·贝克), the downstairs part beaded by the conservative William Clark(威廉·克拉克), and the backstairs part patrolled by their assistants, who tell the press about the differences between upstairs and downstairs.There have been differences among most presidents’ advisers ever since Thomas Jefferson(托马斯·杰弗逊) was accused of relying on an “invisible” group of associates that engaged in “backstairs influence.” So the current rumors of a struggle for the president’s mind among the Big Four—Baker, Clark, Michael Deaver and Edwin Meese (贝克、克拉克、迪弗、⽶斯)— are not new, just more public.They are the result of President Reagan’s remoteness from the day-to-day formation of policy, of his habit of delegating authority widely, and not to a single chief of staff, as President Dwight Eisenhower (艾森豪威尔) did, and of his tendency to avoid getting his principal aides together on a regular basis to listen patiently to their arguments and differences.Mr. Reagan’s way is a reflection of his character and his personality. He is more interested in presenting policy than forming it. He does not have a controlling chief of staff; he does not limit his principal advisers to a special field of concentration like Mr. Truman (杜鲁门), but lets the Big Four play the field and run across one another; he does not dominate or intimidate his staff, like Mr. Johnson; and he does not read and work like Mr. Carter.Does it matter? Most observers here would say it does. But there are some advantages. It frees him to speak and perform, which he does better than any president in recent memory, even when he is peddling nonsense.Also, since he could stop the squabbling and most of the White House leaks by controlling the Big Four, it is conceivable that the leaks of his coming plans provide him an opportunity to test public and congressional opinion before acting.But it matters because one day he takes his advice from upstairs and the next from downstairs. His speeches ate more vivid and unyielding than his acts, which creates a feeling of uncertainty and incoherence at home and abroad, and is harmful to the president because there is continuing doubt about whether he is really in command of a steady, continuing policy.Accordingly, his proposals are increasingly rejected by the Confess and the allies. And the confusion of his staff is at least partly to blame.【参考译⽂】⾥根总统的⽩宫⼯作⼈员分为三类：楼上的部分由注重实效的詹姆斯·贝克领导，楼下的部分由保守的法官威廉·克拉克领导，楼梯后⾯的部分由他们的助⼿巡逻，正是他们告诉出版社楼上和楼下的区别。

2013四川大学翻译硕士MTI考研试题（回忆版）我尽量回忆全，水平太差，做题时间都不怎么够，整个状态都很紧张……所以记得不太全，以下顺序按记忆清晰程度排列。

一、汉语百科名词解释（25个）：1. 文艺复兴人文主义中世纪2. 易经形而上形而下3. 爱默生苏格拉底儒家4. 印度教伊斯兰教佛教5. 美国国会参议院众议院6. CPI PPI 通货膨胀7. 诺曼底登陆盟军第二战场8. 细胞学说能量守恒定律生物进化论马克思主义应用文：为某制药公司的中成药心血安康丸写说明书，450字左右。

考前看过一篇清热解毒丸的说明书倒是不难但我咋觉得要凑够450字那么不容易。

反正我应该是没够大作文：材料是今年关于央视“大裤衩”，苏州“秋裤楼”，以及传闻沈阳抚顺交界处即将修建的“大铁圈”等奇楼高楼引发的关于经济文化的质疑与思考，自拟题目800字。

二、英语翻译基础术语及缩略语翻译（30个）：P5+1，UNCTAD，SCO，CDM，BRICS，the 67th Session of the UN General Assembly 67th Session，fisical cliff，CO2 enquivalent，SAARC，QE 3，Social media，Mandatory evacuation，Non-Aligned movement，Hamid karzai中共十八大，移动媒体，亚欧首脑会议，光棍节，早稻田大学，海上风能，反倾销与反补贴，上海期货交易所，车载信息系统，伦敦金融城，电视相亲，文心雕龙英译汉：1. 罗素的文章网上有原文The misfortunes of humanbeings may be divided into two classes: First, thoseinflicted by the non-human environment and, second, those inflicted by otherpeople. As mankind have progressed in knowledge and technique, the secondclass has become a continually increasing percentage of the total. In oldtimes, famine, for example, was due to natural causes, and although peopledid their best to combat it, large numbers of them died of starvation. Atthe present moment large parts of the world are faced with the threat offamine, but although natural causes have contributed to the situation, theprincipal causes are human. For six years the civilized nations of the worlddevoted all their best energies to killing each other, and they find itdifficult suddenly to switch over to keeping each other alive. Having destroyedharvests, dismantled agricultural machinery, and disorganized shipping,they find it no easy matter to relieve the shortage of crops in one placeby means of a superabundance in another, as would easily be done if theeconomic system were in normal working order. As this illustration shows,it is now man that is man's worst enemy. Nature, it is true, still seesto it that we are mortal, but with the progress in medicine it will becomemore and more common for people to live until they have had their fill oflife. We are supposed to wish to live for ever and to look forward to theunending joys of heaven, of which, by miracle, the monotony will never growstale. But in fact, if you question any candid person who is no longer young, he is very likely to tell you that, having tasted life in this world, hehas no wish to begin again as a 'new boy' in another. For the future, therefore, it may be taken that much the most important evils that mankind have toconsider are those which they inflict upon each other through stupidityor malevolence or both.人的不幸可分为两类：第一类，乃由非人为的客观环境所造成，第二类，由他人所造成。

2010年四川外国语大学汉语写作与百科知识真题答案1 “五经”，指儒家的五圣经，即《周易》、《尚书》、《诗经》、《礼记》、《春秋》。

温柔宽厚，《诗》教也；疏通知远，《书》教也；广博易良，《乐》教也；洁静精微，《易》教也；恭俭庄敬，《礼》教也；属词比事，《春秋》教也。

汉武帝立五经博士，儒教国家化由此谓开端。

“五经”还是中医名词，指肝、心、脾、肺、肾五脏的经脉。

3 《黄帝内经》分《灵枢》《素问》两部分，为古代医家托轩辕黄帝名之作，为医家、医学理论家联合创作，一般认为成书于春秋战国时期。

在以黄帝、岐伯、雷公对话、问答的形式阐述病机病理的同时，主张不治已病，而治未病，同时主张养生、摄生、益寿、延年。

是中国传统医学四大经典著作之一(《黄帝内经》、《难经》、《伤寒杂病论》、《神农本草经》)，是我国医学宝库中现存成书最早的一部医学典籍。

它是研究人的生理学、病理学、诊断学、治疗原则和药物学的医学巨著。

在理论上建立了中医学上的“阴阳五行学说”、“脉象学说”“藏象学说”等。

公元3世纪初，张仲景博览群书，广采众方，凝聚毕生心血，写就《伤寒杂病论》一书。

中医所说的伤寒实际上是一切外感病的总称，它包括瘟疫这种传染病。

该书成书约在公元200年～210年左右。

在纸张尚未大量使用，印刷术还没有发明的年代，这本书很可能写在竹简上。

《神农本草经》简称《本草经》或《本经》，是中国现存最早的药物学专著。

《神农本草经》成书于东汉，并非出自一时一人之手，而是秦汉时期众多医学家总结、搜集、整理当时药物学经验成果的专著，是对中国中草药的第一次系统总结。

其中规定的大部分药物学理论和配伍规则以及提出的“七情合和”原则在几千年的用药实践中发挥了巨大作用，被誉为中药学经典著作。

因此很长一段历史时期内，它是医生和药师学习中药学的教科书，也是医学工作者案头必备的工具书之一。

《本草纲目》，药学著作，五十二卷，明·李时珍撰，刊于1590年。

全书共190多万字，载有药物1892种，收集医方11096个，绘制精美插图1160幅，分为16部、60类。

目　录2011年四川大学外国语学院638基础英语真题及详解2010年四川大学外国语学院638基础英语真题及详解2009年四川大学外国语学院638基础英语真题及详解2008年四川大学外国语学院638基础英语真题及详解2007年四川大学外国语学院638基础英语真题及详解2011年四川大学外国语学院638基础英语真题及详解Part One Reading Comprehension (40 points)I. Cloze Test (10 points)Choose one of the four answers marked A, B, C, D to complete the article. Write your answer on the answer sheet. Be sure that the number of the answers in agreement with the number of the blanks.Today, the world wide web can be used both to (1) information and to make it (2) to others. Information (3) on web pages is viewed by (4) of browser. The sources of information linked in this way can be located on any computer (5) is also part of the web. Each information source (6) to an indefinite member of other web pages. Hypertext and hyperlinks allow users acting as receivers of information to (7) from one source of information to another, (8) for themselves which information they wish to (9) to their browser and which links they want to (10) . The addresses of web pages can be found by using the many hundreds of general and specialized search engines which provide (11) to databases which hold information on them. Once a web pages has been found, hyperlinks may point (12) other places (13) interest on the web. Addresses of web pages also (14) in other more conventional media, such as magazines, newspapers and television programs, and on posters.Web pages, in their (15) , facilitate access to information made available by other (16) of media of example, collections held in librariesor programs broadcast on television.Most web pages offer interactive opportunities which go (17) merely allowing visitors freedom as to when and how they visit a page and where they might choose to go next. Feedback can be kept formal via a questionnaire which can be filled (18) , or informal by providing an address for e-mail or even by (19) a digital guest book for comments left for other users to read. Although all web pages are protected so that unauthorized visitors cannot make unsolicited changes to them, it is also possible to (20) access to pages on the internet to those holding a password.1. A. believe B. retrieve C. perceive D. conceive2. A. available B. obtainable C. achievable D. amicable3. A. displayed B. displaying C. displayable D. is displayed4. A. medium B. vehicle C. agent D. means5. A. what B. that C. which D. it6. A. maybe linked B. may be linked C. may is linked D. may linked7. A. wonder B. wander C. stray D. ramble8. A. deciding B. decided C. decide D. to decided9. A. transition B. transmit C. transform D. transfer10. A. flip B. slip C. skip D. skim11. A. success B. access C. assess D. possess12. A. about B. on C. at D. to13. A. on B. of C. in D. at14. A. to appear B. appeared C. appearing D. appear15. A. sequence B. order C. turn D. switch16. A. modes B. forums C. shapes D. forms17. A. beyond B. over C. against D. further18. A. up B. out C. with D. over19. A. install B. installed C. installing D. installs a20. A. constrain B. confine C. restrict D. limit【答案与解析】1.B retrieve 检索; 恢复; 重新得到。

2013年川大翻译硕士真题回忆翻译硕士英语题型和2012年是一样一样滴前10道是替换后10道词汇语法反正也不会重复考就不多说了阅读第一篇是关于司法第二篇？？？三四篇是回答问题的那种第三篇是讲苏格拉底第四篇超级长问题却很简单害我浪费时间看了半天。

很诡异很诡异因为那人是个神经病我还记得主人公名字叫Marek 和Bondy作文也是给了一篇文章说教育部出台了减负方案家长不乐意了不能让孩子输在起跑线上什么什么的老生常谈了让根据文章写作文翻译基础1. SAARC2. P5-plus-13. QE 34. Social media5. CO2 equivalent6. BRICS7. Mandatory evacuation8. UN General Assembly67th Session9. Non-Aligned movement10. CDM11. Hamid karzai12. 十八大13. 移动媒体14. 亚欧首脑会议15. 光棍节16. 早稻田大学17. 海上风能18. 反倾销与反补贴19. 上海期货交易所20. 车载信息系统21. 伦敦金融城22. 电视相亲23. 文心雕龙还有7个想不起来了。

静候别的同学补充。

答案LZ犯懒就不贴了哈哈大家可以思考一下补充：24.fiscal cliff英译汉1. 罗素的文章网上有原文The misfortunes of humanbeings may be divided into twoclasses: First, thoseinflicted by the non-human environment and, second, those inflicted by otherpeople. As mankind have progressed in knowledge and technique, the secondclass has become a continually increasing percentage of the total. In oldtimes, famine, for example, was due to natural causes, and although peopledid their best to combat it, large numbers of them died of starvation. Atthe present moment large parts of the world are faced with the threat offamine, but although natural causes have contributed to the situation, theprincipal causes are human. For six years the civilized nations of the worlddevoted all their best energies to killing each other, and they find itdifficult suddenly to switch over to keeping each other alive. Having destroyedharvests, dismantled agricultural machinery, and disorganized shipping,they find it no easy matter to relieve the shortage of crops in one placeby means of a superabundance in another, as would easily be done if theeconomic system were in normal working order. As this illustration shows,it is now man that is man's worst enemy. Nature, it is true, still seesto it that we are mortal, but with the progress in medicine it will becomemore and more common for people to live until they have had their fill oflife. We are supposed to wish to live for ever and to look forward to theunending joys of heaven, of which, by miracle, the monotony will never growstale. But in fact, if you question any candid person who is no longer young, he is very likely to tell you that, having tasted life in this world, hehas no wish to begin again as a 'new boy' in another. For the future, therefore, it may be taken that much the most important evils that mankind have toconsider are those which they inflict upon each other through stupidityor malevolence or both.人的不幸可分为两类：第一类，乃由非人为的客观环境所造成，第二类，由他人所造成。

[考研类试卷]2013年四川大学翻译硕士英语真题试卷一、Vocabulary1 <u>Presumably</u>, excessive consumption of fried foods has serious consequences as has been proved.（A）Theoretically（B）Practically（C）Incredibly（D）Probably2 Silk, although it is considered a <u>delicate</u> fabric, is in fact very strong, but it is adversely affected by sunlight.（A）soft（B）sheer（C）fragile（D）refined3 It is anticipated that this contract will <u>substantially</u> increase sales over the next three years.（A）apparently（B）slightly（C）considerably（D）steadily4 Wives tend to believe that their husbands are infinitely <u>resourceful</u> and versatile.（A）diligent（B）capable（C）clever（D）perfect5 What is at fault in our present system is not the outcome but the <u>fallible</u> procedure.（A）sublime（B）erroneous（C）plausible（D）impeccable6 What he expressed as a mere <u>supposition</u> was taken by others as a positive statement.（A）suspect（B）surmise（C）suspicion（D）surrender7 Her office in the First National Bank building is <u>provisional</u>.（A）permanent（B）temporary（C）corrupt（D）craven8 Any troop of wild animals should be approached <u>warily</u>.（A）fearlessly（B）confidently（C）silently（D）prudently9 Mr. Johnson was a passionate person filled with an incredible <u>dynamism</u>. （A）energy（B）endurance（C）effort（D）endeavor10 Among the lowest of the judicial ranks, justices of the peace nevertheless frequently exercise <u>jurisdiction</u> over a variety of misdemeanors.（A）guidance（B）sovereignty（C）authority（D）suzerainty11 The general opinion is that he is______to complain.（A）so much a milquetoast（B）too a milquetoast（C）too much of a milquetoast（D）so much of a milquetoast12 The ozone layer plays as great a role in the stability of spaceship Earth as______the waters of its lakes, ponds, oceans, rivers, and streams.（A）do（B）does（C）play（D）are13 Perhaps I should not have done so, but I changed my mind about the new job even though I was ______last week.（A）to be started（B）to have started（C）to have been starting（D）start14 Despite an overlay of quasi-literary French vocabulary stemming from the Norman Invasion of 1066, the daily vocabulary of English remained Germanic, ______its grammatical structure.（A）the same are（B）and so are（C）as did（D）and so were15 Although money is always useful, it isn't all______.（A）what there is to life（B）to which there is in life（C）there is to life（D）that is in life16 ______ever so humble, there's no place like home.（A）It be（B）Be it（C）It was（D）Was it17 Although women duster to him like moths around a flame, he is none ______ happier for it.（A）but（B）the（C）much（D）any18 Professor Jeffrey's lecture on the recycling of waste paper and other garbage will show ______can still be improved.（A）that the municipal authorities have done（B）how those the municipal authorities have done（C）how what the municipal authorities have done（D）that how the municipal authorities have done19 Most insulation devices of this kind,______manufactured for such purposes, are extremely expensive to install.（A）that are（B）which is（C）those are（D）as are20 The detective watched and saw the suspect______a hotel at the corner of the street. （A）getting off the taxi and walking into（B）got off the taxi and walked into（C）get off the taxi and walk into（D）got off the taxi to walk into二、Reading Comprehension20 An important point in the development of a governmental agency is the codification of its controlling practices. The study of law or jurisprudence is usually concerned with the codes, and practices of specific governments, past or present. It is also concerned with certain questions upon which a functional analysis of behavior has somebearing. What is a law? What role does a law play in governmental control? In particular, what effect does it have upon the behavior of the controller and of the members of the governmental agency itself?A law usually has two important features. In the first place, it specifies behavior. The behavior is usually not described topographically but rather in terms of its effect upon others—the effect that is the object of governmental control. When we are told, for example, that an individual has " committed perjury" , we are not told what he has actually said. "Robbery" and "assault" do not refer to specific forms of response. Only properties of behavior which are aversive to others are mentioned—in perjury the lack of a customary correspondence between a verbal response and certain factual circumstances, in robbery the removal of positive reinforces, and in assault the aversive character of physical injury. In the second place, a law specifies or implies a consequence, usually punishment. A law is thus a statement of a contingency of reinforcement maintained by a governmental agency. The contingency may have prevailed as a controlling practice prior to its codification as a law, or it may represent a new practice which goes into effect with the passage of the law. Laws are thus both descriptions of past practices and assurances of similar practices in the future. A law is a rule of conduct in the sense that it specifies the consequences of certain actions which in turn "rule" behavior.The effect of a law upon the controlling agency. The government of a large group requires an elaborate organization, the practices of which may be made more consistent and effective by codification. How codes of law affect governmental agents is the principal subject of jurisprudence. The behavioral processes are complex, although presumably not novel. In order to maintain or "enforce" contingencies of governmental control, an agency must establish the fact that an individual has behaved illegally and must interpret a code to determine the punishment. It must then carry out the punishment. These labors are usually divided among special subdivisions of the agency. The advantages gained when the individual is "not under man but under law" have usually been obvious, and the great codifiers of law occupy places of honor in the history of civilization. Codification does not, however, change the essential nature of governmental action nor remedy all its defects.21 In the development of a government agency, ______.（A）the standard on which the judgment may be made is more important than the actual application of this judgment（B）the function of law is important（C）the study of ordinance is the most important（D）practice is more important than criterion22 One of the prominent characteristics of a law is______.（A）the result on the individual's behavior on which a restraining influence is being exercised（B）the result of a behavior on the members of the governmental agency（C）the result of a behavior on ordinary citizens（D）Both A and B23 What does the example "committed perjury" illustrate?（A）The law will examine closely what the individual said in court.（B）It illustrates that the law only has something to say when behavior has negative effects on others.（C）Behavior which tends to avoid punishing stimulus will not be explicitly specified by law.（D）Both B and C24 The other distinguishing trait of the law is______.（A）punishment is carried out by the courts at all levels（B）rules and court practices initiated by a governmental agency are specifically designed to increase government control（C）a system of rules governing a conduct, activity or event incidental by nature （D）any governmental reinforcement25 How does codification of the laws affect governmental agents?（A）The law will be interpreted objectively rather than subjectively.（B）Government agencies have to compromise with factual conditions.（C）Occasionally, governmental agencies have to redress, correct or adapt a law for their benefit.（D）Laws can not be altered or modified but they can be incremented with new court decisions and also through jurisprudence.25 " Sloganeering" did not originate in the 1960s. The term has a rich history. It originated from the Gaelic word slaughgharim, which signified a " host-shout," " war cry," or " gathering word or phrase of one of the old Highland clans; hence the shout or battle cry of soldiers in the field. " English-speaking people began using the term by 1704. The term at the time meant "the distinctive note, phrase, or cry of any person or body of persons. " Slogans were common throughout the European continent during the middle ages, and they were utilized primarily as "passwords to insure proper recognition of individuals at night or in the confusion of battle. " The American revolutionary rhetoric would not have been the same without "the Boston Massacre," "the Boston Tea Party," "the shot heard around the world," and shouts of "no taxation without representation".Slogans operate in society as " social symbols" and, as such, their intended or perceived meaning may be difficult to grasp and their impact or stimulation may differ between and among individuals and groups.Because slogans may operate as " significant symbols" or as key words that have a standard meaning in a group, they serve both expressive and persuasive functions. Harold Lasswell recognized that the influencing of collective attitudes is possible by the manipulation of significant symbols such as slogans. He believed that a verbal symbol might evoke a desired reaction or organize collective attitudes around a symbol. Murray Edelman writes that "to the political scientist patterning or consistency in the context in which specific groups of individuals use symbols is crucial, for only through such patterning do common political meaning and claims arise. " Thus, the slogans a group uses to evoke specific responses may provide us with an index for the group's norm, values, and conceptual rationale for its claims.Slogans are so pervasive in today's society that it is easy to underestimate their persuasive power. They have grown in significance because of the medium of television and the advertising industry. Television, in addition to being the major advertising medium, has altered the nature of human interaction. Political images are less personal and shorter. They function as summaries and conclusions rather than bases for publicinteraction and debate. The style of presentation in television is more emotional, but the content is less complex or ideological. In short, slogans work well on television.The advertising industry has made a science of sloganeering. Today, communication itself is a problem because we live in an " overcommunicated" society. Advertisers have discovered that it is easier to link product attributes to existing beliefs, ideas, goals, and desires of the consumer rather than to change them. Thus, to say that a cookie tastes "homemade" or is as good as "Mom used to make" does not tell us if the cookie is good or bad, hard or soft, but simply evokes the fond memories of Mother's baking. Advertisers, then, are more successful if they present a product in a way that capitalizes on established beliefs or expectations of the consumer. Slogans do this well by crystallizing in a few words the key idea or theme one wants to associate with an issue, group, product, or event. "Sloganeering" has become institutionalized as a virtual art form, and an advertising a-gency may spend months testing and creating the right slogan for a product or a person.Slogans have a number of attributes that enhance their persuasive potential for social movements. They are unique and readily identifiable with a specific social movement or social movement organization. "Gray Power," for instance, readily identifies the movement for elderly Americans, and "Huelga"(strike in Spanish)identifies the movement to aid Mexican American field workers in the west and southwest.26 "Sloganeering" stems from a word that was used______.（A）in the United States（B）in the Ireland（C）on the European continent（D）frequently in revolutionary rhetoric27 What is the writer's main purpose?（A）To explain the history of slogans.（B）To explain the persuasiveness of slogans.（C）To explain how slogans have changed.（D）To explain how slogans are used on television.28 Because slogans are "social symbols" they______.（A）can have different meanings in different cultural and economic settings（B）are widely used as status symbols（C）can be used to demonstrate high social standing（D）are perceived as difficult to grasp29 Lasswell's and Edelman's studies are important in that they______.（A）believe that a verbal symbol might evoke a desired reaction（B）demonstrate that patterning and consistency is crucial to the use of symbols（C）organize collective attitudes around a symbol（D）demonstrate a culture's principles are indicated by the slogans which are used30 Television______.（A）has distorted the purpose of slogans（B）has kept consistent the nature of human interaction（C）has made political images personal and shorter（D）utilizes slogans well30 Read the following passages and then answer IN COMPLETE SENTENCES the questions which follow each passage. Use only information from the passage you have just read and write your answer in the corresponding space in your answer sheet.THE WISDOM OF SOCRATESI will try to explain to you what has given rise to these slanders and given me a bad name. Listen then. Some of you will think that I am joking, but I assure you that I will tellyou the whole truth. I have gained this bad reputation, Athenians, simply by reason of a certain kind of wisdom. What kind of wisdom? It is by that sort of wisdom which is possible to men. It may be that in having that I am really wise. But the men of whom I was speaking just now must be wise in a wisdom which is greater than human wisdom, or in some way which I cannot describe since I know nothing of it myself; and if any man says that I do know anything of superhuman wisdom, he lies and wants to slanderme.(Interruptions.)Do not interrupt me, Athenians, even if you think that I am speaking arrogantly I am going to say something which is not my own. I will tell you who says it and he deserves to be believed by you. I will bring the god of Delphi to be the witness of the fact of my wisdom and of its nature. You remember Chaerephon. From youth upwards he was my comrade. You remember his character. He was impetuous. Once he went to Delphi and ventured to put this question to the Oracle—(interruptions)—I entreat you again, my friends, not to cry out-he asked if there was any man who was wiser than I, and the priestess answered that them was no man. Chaerephon himself is dead, but his brother here will confirm what I say.Why do I tell you this? I am going to explain to you the origin of my unpopularity. When I heard what the Oracle had said I began to reflect. What could God mean by this dark saying? I knew very well that I was not wise, even in the smallest degree. Then what could he mean by saying that I was the wisest of men? It cannot be that he was speaking falsely for he is a god and cannot lie. For a long time I was at a loss to understand his meaning. After turning it over in my mind for a long time I thought of away of testing the matter. I went to a man who was said to be wise, thinking that there if anywhere I should prove the Oracle wrong, and meaning to point out to the Oracle its mistake. I should be able to say, ' You said that I was the wisest of men, but this man is wiser than I am. ' So I examined the man—I need not tell you his name; he was a politician—but this was the result, Athenians. When I talked with him I found that, though a great many persons, and most of all he himself; thought that he was wise, yet he was not wise. Then I tried to prove to him that he was not wise though he fancied he was, and by so doing I made him, and many of the bystanders, Elders, my enemies. So when I went away I thought to myself, I am wiser than this man. Probably neither of us knows anything that is really good, but he thinks that he has knowledge, when he has not, while I having no knowledge, do not think that I have. I do not think that I know what I do not know, and on this point, at any rate I seem to be a little wiser than he is.Next I went to another man who was said to be even wiser than the last, with exactly the same result. Here again I made him, and many other men, my enemies.I went on to one man after another, making enemies every day. This caused me much unhappi-ness and anxiety, but I thought that I must set God's command above everything? So I had to go to every man who seemed to possess any knowledge, and search for the meaning of the Oracle. This was the result of the search which I made at God's bidding: the men whose reputation for wisdom stood highest were among those most lacking in it,while others, who were looked down on as common people, were much better fitted to learn.Now I must describe to you the wanderings which I undertook to make full proof ofthe Oracle. After the politicians I went to the poets, thinking that I should and myself clearly more ignorant than they. So I took up the poems on which I thought they had spent most pains, and ask them what they meant, hoping to learn something from them. I am ashamed to tell you the truth, my friends, but I must say it. Almost any of the bystanders could have talked about the works of these poets better than the poets themselves. So I soon found out that it is not by wisdom that the poets create their works, but by a certain natural power and by inspiration, like soothsayers and prophets who say fine things but who understand nothing of what they say. At the same time I saw that, because of their poetry, they thought that they were the wisest of men in other matters too, which they were not. So I went away again, thinking that I had the same advantage over the poets as I had over the politicians.Finally I went to the skilled workmen, for I knew very well that I possessed no knowledge at all worth speaking of, and I was sure that I should find that they knew many fine things, and in that I was not mistaken. But, Athenians, they made the same mistake as the poets. Each of them believed himself to be extremely wise in matters ofthe greatest importance because he was skilled in his own art. I asked myself, on behalfof the Oracle, whether I would choose to remain as I was, without either their wisdom or their ignorance, or to possess both, as they did. I made answer to myself and to the Oracle that it was better for me to remain as I was.By reason of this examination, Athenians, I have made enemies of a very bitter and fierce kind, who have spread abroad a great number of slanders about me. People say that I am a ' wise man' , thinking that I am wise myself in any matter in which I show another man to be ignorant. But, my friends, I believe that only God is really wise, and that bythis Oracle he meant that men's wisdom is worth little or nothing. I do not think he meant that Socrates was wise. He only took me as an example as though he would say to men, ' He among you is the wisest who, like Socrates, knows that his wisdom is worth little at all.31 When Socrates says that he is not wise, what does he mean by ' being wise' ? Whenhe says that he possesses a certain kind of wisdom, what kind of ' wisdom' has he in mind? When he says that only God is really wise, is he thinking of the first sense of ' wisdom' or second?32 In the second sentence of the second paragraph, Socrates promises to explain to the audience the origin of his unpopularity. What exactly is the explanation which he offers on this point?33 Can you tell from this passage whether Socrates had a sympathetic audience or a hostile one?33 " I've been expecting you!" Marek repeated, when he had seated his guest in a comfortable leather chair. Nothing on earth would have induced Bondy to own up to his vision of the fallen inventor. "Just fancy!" he said, with a rather forced gaiety. "What a coincidence! It struck me only this very morning that we hadn't seen each other for twenty years. Twenty years, Rudy, think of it!""Hm," said Marek. "And so you want to buy my invention. ""Buy it?" said G. H. Bondy hesitatingly. "I really don't know... I haven't even given it a thought. I wanted to see you and—""Oh, come, you needn't pretend," Marek interrupted him. "I knew that you were coming. You'd be sure to, for a thing like this. This kind of invention is just in your line. There's a lot to be done with it. " He made an eloquent motion with his hand, coughed, and began again more deliberately. "The invention I am going to show you means a bigger revolution in technical methods than Wart's invention of the steam-engine. To give you its nature briefly, it provides, putting it theoretically , for the complete utilization of atomic energy. "Bondy concealed a yawn. "But tell me, what have you been doing all these twenty years?"Marek glanced at him with some surprise." Modern science teaches that all matter—that is to say, its atoms—is composed of a vast number of units of energy. An atom is in reality a collection of electrons, i. e. of the tiniest particles of electricity. ""That's tremendously interesting," Bondy broke in. "I was always weak in physics, you know. But you're not looking well, Marek. By the way, how did you happen to come by this playth ... this, er... factory?""I? Oh, quite by accident. 1 invented a new kind of filament for electric bulbs... But that's nothing; I only came upon it incidentally. You see, for twenty years I've been working on the combustion of matter. Tell me yourself, Bondy, what is the greatest problem of modern industry?""Doing business," said Bond. "And are you married yet?"" I'm a widower," answered Marek, leaping up excitedly. " No, business has nothing to do with it, I tell you. It's combustion. The complete utilization of the heat-energy contained in matter! Just consider that we use hardly one hundred-thousandth of the heat that there is in coal, and that could be extracted from it! Do you realize that?""Yes, coal is terribly dear!" said Mr. Bondy sapiently.Marek sat down and cried disgustedly, " Look here, if you haven't come here about my Karbu-rator, Bondy, you can go. "" Go ahead, then," Bondy returned, anxious to conciliate him.Marek rested his head in his hands, and after a struggle came out with, " For twenty years I've been working on it, and now—now, I'll sell it to the first man who comes along! My magnificent dream! The greatest invention of all the ages! Seriously, Bondy, I tell you, it's something really amazing." No doubt, in the present wretched state of affairs," assented Bondy." No, without any qualification at all, amazing. Do you realize that it means the utilization of atomic energy without any residue whatever?"" Aha," said Bondy. " So we're going to do our heating with atoms. Well, why not? ... You've got a nice place here, Rudy. Small and pleasant. How many hands do you employ?" Marek took no notice. "You know," he said thoughtfully, "it's all the same thing, whatever you call it—the utilization of atomic energy, or the complete combustion of matter, or the disintegration of matter. You can call it what you please. ""I'm in favor of ' combustion' !" said Mr. Bondy. "It sounds more familiar. "" But ' disintegration' is more exact—to break up the atoms into electrons, and harness the electrons and make them work. Do you understand that?""Perfectly," Bondy assured him. "The point is to harness them!""Well, imagine, say, that there are two horses at the ends of a rope, pulling with all their might in opposite directions. Do you know what you have then?""Some kind of sport, I suppose," suggested Mr. Bondy."No, a state of repose. The horses pull, but they stay where they are. And if you wereto cut the rope—""—The horses would fall over," cried G. H. Bondy, with a flash of inspiration."No, but they would start running; they would become energy released. Now, pay attention. Matter is a team in that very position. Cut the bonds that hold its electrons together, and they will..."" Run loose! ""Yes, but we can catch and harness them, don't you see? Or put it to yourself this way: we burn a piece of coal, say, to produce heat. We do get a little heat from it, but we also get ashes, coal-gas, and soot. So we don't lose the matter altogether, do we?""No. —Won't you have a cigar?"" No, I won't. —But the matter which is left still contains a vast quantity of unused atomic energy. If we used up the whole of the atomic energy, we should use up the whole of the atoms. In short, the matter would vanish altogether. ""Aha! Now I understand. "" It's just as though we were to grind corn badly—as if we ground up the thin outer husk and threw the rest away, just as we throw away ashes. When the grinding is perfect, there's nothing or next to nothing left of the grain, is there? In the same way, when thereis perfect combustion, there's nothing or next to nothing left of the matter we burn. It's ground up completely. It is used up. It returns to its original nothingness. You know, it takes a tremendous amount of energy to make matter exist at all. Take away its existence,compel it not to be, and you thereby release an enormous supply of power. That's how it is, Bondy. ""Aha. That's not bad. "" Pflueger, for instance, calculates that one kilogramme of coal contains twenty-three billions of calories. I think that Pfluger exaggerates. ""Decidedly. ""I have arrived at seven billions myself, theoretically. But even that signifies that one kilogramme of coal, if it underwent complete combustion, would run a good-sized factory for several hundred hours!"" The devil it does!" cried Mr. Bondy, springing from his chair." I can't give you the exact number of hours. I've been burning half a kilogramme of coal for six weeks at a pressure of thirty kilogrammetres and, man alive," said the engineer in a whisper, turning pale, "it's still going on... and on... and on. "Bondy was embarrassed; he stroked his smooth round chin. " Listen, Marek," he began, hesitatingly. "You're surely... er... a bit... er... overworked. "Marek's hand thrust the suggestion aside. "Not a bit of it. If you'd only get up physics a bit, I could give you an explanation of my Karburator in which the combustion takes place. It involves a whole chapter of advanced physics, you know. But you'll see it downstairs in the cellar. I shovelled half a kilogramme of coal into the machine, then I shut it up and had it officially sealed in the presence of witnesses, so that no one could put any more coal in. Go and have a look at it for yourself— go on—go now! You won't understand it, anyway, but—go down to the cellar! Go on down, man, I tell you!""Won't you come with me?" asked Bondy in astonishment."No, you go alone. And... I say, Bondy... don't stay down there long. ""Why not?" asked Bondy, growing a trifle suspicious."Oh, nothing much. Only I have a notion that perhaps it's not quite healthy down there. Turn on the light, the switch is just by the door. That noise down in the cellar doesn't come from my machine. It works noiselessly, steadily, and without any smell... The roaring is only a ventilator. Well, now, you go on. I'll wait here. Then you can tell me..." Bondy went down the cellar steps, quite glad to be away from that madman for awhile(quite mad, no doubt whatever about it)and rather worried as to the quickest means of getting out of the place altogether. Why, just look, the cellar had a huge thick reinforced door just like an armour-plated safe in a bank. And now let's have a light. The switch was just by the door. And there in the middle of the arched concrete cellar, clean as a monastery cell, lay a gigantic copper cylinder resting on cement supports. It was closed on all sides except at the top, where there was a grating bedecked with seals. Inside the machine all was darkness and silence. With a smooth and regular motion the cylinder thrust forth a piston which slowly rotated a heavy fly-wheel. That was all. Only the ventilator in the cellar window kept up a ceaseless rattle.。

四川外国语大学翻译硕士汉语写作学位MTI考试真题2013年(总分150,考试时间90分钟)第一部分百科知识1. 中国实施行省制始于哪个朝代?______A.唐朝 B.宋朝 C.元朝 D.明朝2. 先秦诸子中的哪一家主张“兼爱”“非攻”?______A.孔子 B.庄子 C.老子 D.墨子3. 《说文解字》的作者是______。

A.仓颉 B.许慎 C.李斯 D.班固4. 《四库全书总目提要》的作者是______。

A.纪昀 B.张廷玉 C.阮元D.戴震5. 被称为“天下第三行书”的书法作品是______。

A.颜真卿《祭侄文稿》 B.颜真卿《争座位帖》 C.王羲之《快雪时晴帖》 D.苏轼《寒食帖》6. 《女史箴图》是哪位画家的传世画作?______A.展子虔 B.顾恺之 C.阎立本 D.吴道子7. 屈原根据民间祭祀之礼、歌舞之乐再创作的一组诗歌是______。

A.《九歌》B.《九章》C.《九辨》 D.《九叹》8. 在《史记》的五种编纂体例中，“本纪”主要是记叙______。

A.各诸侯国的兴衰始末 B.著名人物的生平事迹 C.历代帝王的兴衰更替 D.重要家族的兴衰变迁9. 《战国策》的编纂体例属于______。

A.国别体 B.编年体 C.纪传体D.纪事本本末体10. 汉大赋是汉代最具代表性、最能彰显其时代精神的一种文学样式，以下哪篇作品不符合汉大赋的特征?______A.《甘泉赋》 B.《归田赋》 C.《子虚赋》 D.《长杨赋》11. 汉乐府中的《上邪》一篇在体裁上属于______。

A.五言诗 B.七言诗 C.律诗 D.杂言诗12. 魏晋南北朝时期的文学理论和文学批评，相对于文学创作异常地繁荣。

其中的代表作《文心雕龙》的作者是______。

A.陆机 B.刘勰 C.钟嵘 D.沈约13. 《燕歌行》是文学史上第一首完整的文人七言诗，这首诗的作者是______。

A.曹操 B.曹丕 C.曹植 D.王粲14. “初唐四杰”不包括下列哪位诗人?______A.王绩 B.杨炯 C.王勃 D.卢照邻15. 《修竹篇序》是初唐非常重要的文学批评短文，它鲜明地提出诗歌要包含“风骨”和“兴寄”，这篇文章的作者是______。

缈昏瘧纭曞＋鑻辫瀛︿綅MTI鑰冭瘯鍥涘窛澶栧浗璇ぇ瀛?013骞寸湡棰?/div>(鎬诲垎锛?00.00锛屽仛棰樻椂闂达細90鍒嗛挓)涓€銆?font>鈪? Fill in the blanks in the following sentences with the appropriate words derived from the words given in parentheses at the end of the sentences.(鎬婚鏁帮細10锛屽垎鏁帮細10.00)1.The government fretted that the 1 had illegally got the technology for making nuclearweapons. (terror)锛堝垎鏁帮細1.00锛?/div>瑙ｆ瀽锛歵errorists[瑙ｆ瀽] 鍙ユ剰锛氭斂搴滄媴蹇冩亹鎬栧垎瀛愬凡缁忛€氳繃闈炴硶鎵嬫鑾峰緱浜嗗埗閫犳牳姝﹀櫒鐨勬妧鏈€傚緢鏄庢樉璇ヤ粠鍙ヤ腑缂哄皯涓€涓富璇紝鑰屽埗閫犳牳姝﹀櫒鐨勮偗瀹氭槸浜猴紝鍥犳鍙互鑲畾鏄亹鎬栧垎瀛愩€?/div>2.A recent study says women easily form negative attitude to other women, while on the otherhand men are more 1 of their peers. (tolerate)锛堝垎鏁帮細1.00锛?/div>瑙ｆ瀽锛歵olerable[瑙ｆ瀽] 鍙ユ剰锛氭渶杩戠殑涓€椤圭爺绌惰〃鏄庡コ浜哄緢瀹规槗瀵瑰叾浠栫殑濂充汉褰㈡垚涓嶅ソ鐨勫嵃璞★紝鑰岀敺浜哄浠栦滑鐨勫悓鑳炴樉寰楄鏇村瀹广€傜敱while鍙煡杩欓噷琛ㄨ浆鎶橈紝鍗崇敺浜虹殑鎯呭喌鍜屽墠闈㈢殑涓嶄竴鏍凤紝鍐嶇敱are more鍙煡杩欓噷闇€瑕佷竴涓舰瀹硅瘝锛屽洜姝ゅ彲浠ョ‘璁よ繖閲岄渶瑕佸～tolerable銆?/div>3.A man of learning, if he does not wish to 1 himself, must never cease to participate inpublic affairs. (grade)锛堝垎鏁帮細1.00锛?/div>瑙ｆ瀽锛歞egrade[瑙ｆ瀽] 鍙ユ剰锛氬鏋滀竴涓湁瀛﹁瘑鐨勪汉涓嶆兂闄嶄綆鑷繁韬唤鐨勮瘽锛屼粬灏辫涓嶅仠鍦板弬涓庡埌鍏叡浜嬬墿涓潵銆傜敱杩欓噷鐨勪笉瀹氬紡缁撴瀯鍙煡闇€瑕佸～鍐欎竴涓姩璇嶏紝铏界劧grade涔熷彲浠ヤ綔鍔ㄨ瘝锛屼絾瀹冧綔鍔ㄨ瘝琛ㄧず鈥滆瘎鍒嗭紱鎶娾€︹€﹀垎绛夌骇鈥濈敤鍦ㄨ繖閲屽苟涓嶅悎閫傘€俤egrade琛ㄧず鈥滆船浣庯紱浣库€︹€︿涪鑴革紱浣库€︹€﹂檷绾э紱浣库€︹€﹂檷瑙ｂ€濄€?/div>4.Wastes only become pollutants when their levels rise to the point at which nature"s 1systems are overwhelmed and can no longer cope. (pure)锛堝垎鏁帮細1.00锛?/div>瑙ｆ瀽锛歱urification[瑙ｆ瀽] 鍙ユ剰锛氬彧鏈夊綋搴熺墿鐨勯噺瓒呰繃浜嗕竴瀹氱殑闄愬害浠ヨ嚦浜庡ぇ鑷劧鐨勮嚜鍑€绯荤粺涓嶈兘姝ｅ父杩愪綔鏃讹紝搴熺墿鎵嶄細鍙樻垚姹℃煋鐗┿€傝繖閲屾槸涓€涓悕璇嶇煭璇紝鍥犳瑕佺敤pure鐨勫悕璇嶅舰寮忋€俻urification system琛ㄧず鈥滆嚜鍑€绯荤粺鈥濄€?5.The child let out a scream and then shrieked 1. "Stop it! Stop it! You"re killing me!"(hysteria)锛堝垎鏁帮細1.00锛?/div>瑙ｆ瀽锛歨ysterically[瑙ｆ瀽] 鍙ユ剰锛氶偅涓皬瀛╂瓏鏂簳閲岃埇鍦板皷鍙潃锛氣€滀笉瑕侊紝涓嶈锛屼笉瑕佹潃鎴?鈥濊繖閲岄渶瑕佷竴涓瘝鏉ヤ慨楗皊hriek锛屼竴鑸敤鍓瘝鏉ヤ慨楗板姩璇嶏紝鎵€浠ヨ鐢ㄥ叾鍓瘝褰㈠紡銆俬ysterically琛ㄧず鈥滄瓏鏂簳閲屽湴鈥濄€?/div> 6.Apart from adding to the economic 1 of society, unemployment results in dissatisfied andfrustrated individuals who are forced by circumstances to remain unproductive. (balance)锛堝垎鏁帮細1.00锛?/div>瑙ｆ瀽锛歩mbalance[瑙ｆ瀽] 鍙ユ剰锛氬け涓氶櫎浜嗕細澧炲姞绀句細鐨勭粡娴庝笉骞宠涔嬪锛岃繕浼氶€犳垚浜轰滑鐨勪笉婊″拰澶辨湜锛屽洜涓轰粬浠彈澶变笟鎵€杩笉鑳藉垱閫犵浉搴旂殑浠峰€笺€傞鍏堢敱鍙ュ瓙缁撴瀯鍒ゆ柇杩欓噷闇€瑕佷竴涓悕璇嶏紝鍐嶆牴鎹彞鎰忓彲鐭ュけ涓氫細瀵艰嚧缁忔祹涓嶅钩琛★紝鍥犳瑕佸～imbalance銆?/div>7.What he wants to spell out in his book is the corruption of the rich and their 1 desirefor more money and power. (satiate)锛堝垎鏁帮細1.00锛?/div>瑙ｆ瀽锛歩nsatiate[瑙ｆ瀽] 鍙ユ剰锛氫粬鎯冲湪涔︿腑闃愯堪鐨勬槸瀵屼汉浠殑鑵愯触浠ュ強浠栦滑瀵逛簬閲戦挶鍜屾潈鍒╂案涓嶆弧瓒崇殑娆叉湜銆傞鍏堢敱鍙ュ瓙缁撴瀯鍒ゆ柇杩欓噷闇€瑕佷竴涓舰瀹硅瘝锛屽啀鏍规嵁鍙ユ剰鍙煡锛屽瘜浜轰滑鏄椽寰楁棤鍘岋紝姘歌繙涓嶇煡婊¤冻鐨勶紝鍥犳瑕佺敤satiate鐨勫弽涔夊舰瀹硅瘝銆俰nsatiate琛ㄧず鈥滀笉鐭ヨ冻鐨勨€濄€?/div>8.The one industry 1 by the general depression of trade is the beauty industry becauseAmerican women continue to spend on their faces and bodies. (affect)锛堝垎鏁帮細1.00锛?/div>瑙ｆ瀽锛歶naffected[瑙ｆ瀽] 鍙ユ剰锛氬敮涓€涓€涓湭鍙楄锤鏄撳ぇ钀ф潯褰卞搷鐨勪骇涓氬氨鏄編瀹逛笟锛屽洜涓虹編鍥藉濂充粛鐒跺湪浠栦滑澶栬矊涓婅姳璐逛簡寰堝銆傜敱鍚庡崐鍙ョ編鍥藉濂充粛鐒跺湪浠栦滑澶栬矊涓婅姳璐逛簡寰堝鍙煡缇庡涓氭槸鏈彈璐告槗钀ф潯鐨勫奖鍝嶇殑銆備絾瑕佹敞鎰弖naffected鍜宒isaffected鐨勫尯鍒紝unaffected琛ㄧず鈥滀笉鍙楀奖鍝嶇殑锛涜嚜鐒剁殑锛涚湡鎸氱殑锛涗笉鐭弶閫犱綔鐨勨€濓紝鑰宒isaffected琛ㄧず鈥滀笉婊＄殑锛涙湁鍙涙剰鐨勶紱鎰ゆ劋涓嶅钩鐨勨€濄€?/div>9.The most 1 and largest German liner to be built since the war was launched at Hamburg.(luxury)锛堝垎鏁帮細1.00锛?/div>瑙ｆ瀽锛歭uxurious[瑙ｆ瀽] 鍙ユ剰锛氭垬鍚庡痉鍥芥渶澶ф渶璞崕鐨勭彮杞湪姹夊牎寮€寤轰簡銆傜敱the most and the largest鍙煡杩欓噷闇€瑕佷竴涓舰瀹硅瘝锛宭uxury鐨勫舰瀹硅瘝褰㈠紡涓簂uxurious锛岃〃绀衡€滃ア渚堢殑锛涗赴瀵岀殑锛涙斁绾电殑锛涚壒绾х殑鈥濄€?/div> 10.Women predominate in the lower-paying, menial, unrewarding, dead-end jobs, and when theydo reach better positions, they are 1 paid less than a man for the same job. (vary)锛堝垎鏁帮細1.00锛?/div>瑙ｆ瀽锛歩nvariably[瑙ｆ瀽] 鍙ユ剰锛氬濂抽暱涔呬互鏉ヤ竴鐩翠粠浜嬬潃鎶ラ叕浣庡粔锛屽崙寰紝绱㈢劧鏃犲懗鐨勫伐浣滐紝浣嗗綋浠栦滑鏈夋満浼氳幏寰椾竴浠芥洿濂界殑宸ヤ綔鏃讹紝鎵€寰楃殑宸ヨ祫鍗存瘮鍚屼竴宀椾綅涓婄殑鐢峰悓浜嬭灏戙€傝繖閲岄渶瑕佷竴涓壇璇嶆潵淇グ鍔ㄨ瘝are paid锛屽啀鐢卞彞鎰忓彲鐭ヤ粬浠墍寰楃殑鎶ラ叕鎬绘槸姣旂敺鍚屼簨瑕佷綆锛屾墍浠ュ簲鐢╥nvariably銆?/div>浜屻€?font>鈪? For each sentence below there are four choices A, B, C, and D. Choose the answer that BEST completes the sentence. Then write the correct letter on the Answer Sheet. (鎬婚鏁帮細20锛屽垎鏁帮細20.00)11.The storm sweeping over this area now is sure to cause ______ of vegetables in the comingyear.锛堝垎鏁帮細1.00锛?/div>A.scarcity 鈭?/span>B.varietyC.rarityD.invalidity瑙ｆ瀽锛歔瑙ｆ瀽] 鍙ユ剰锛氫竴鍦烘毚椋庨洦甯嵎浜嗚鍖哄煙锛屽苟涓斾細瀵艰嚧鏄庡勾钄彍渚涘簲鐨勪笉瓒炽€俿carcity琛ㄧず鈥滀笉瓒筹紱缂轰箯鈥濓紝variety琛ㄧず鈥滃鏍凤紱绉嶇被锛涙潅鑰嶏紱鍙樺寲锛屽鏍峰寲鈥濓紝rarity琛ㄧず鈥滅綍瑙侊紱鐝嶈吹锛涚弽鍝?闇€鐢ㄥ鏁?锛涚█钖勨€濓紝invalidity琛ㄧず鈥滄棤鏁堬紝鏃犱环鍊尖€濄€傝繖閲岃娉ㄦ剰鍖哄垎scarcity鍜宺arity杩欎袱涓瘝锛岄兘琛ㄧず涓嶅鐨勬剰鎬濓紝浣嗕竴涓己璋冧笉瓒筹紝鍙︿竴涓己璋冪弽璐点€?/div>12.The connoisseurs" opinions differed greatly as to the question whether the picture onshow was a (n) ______ Picasso painting.锛堝垎鏁帮細1.00锛?/div>A.explicitB.reliableC.stringentD.authentic 鈭?/span>瑙ｆ瀽锛歔瑙ｆ瀽] 鍙ユ剰锛氳嚦浜庡睍鍑虹殑杩欏箙鐢绘槸涓嶆槸姣曞姞绱㈢殑鐪熷搧锛岄壌璧忓浠剰瑙佷笉涓€銆俥xplicit琛ㄧず鈥滄槑纭殑锛涙竻妤氱殑锛涚洿鐜囩殑锛涜杩扮殑鈥濓紝reliable琛ㄧず鈥滃彲闈犵殑锛涘彲淇¤禆鐨勨€濓紝stringent琛ㄧず鈥滀弗鍘夌殑锛涜揩鍒囩殑锛涢摱鏍圭揣鐨勨€濓紝authentic琛ㄧず鈥滅湡姝ｇ殑锛岀湡瀹炵殑锛涘彲淇＄殑鈥濄€?/div>13.Today surgery is more concerned with repairing and ______ functions than with the removalof organs.锛堝垎鏁帮細1.00锛?/div>A.redesigningB.reviewingC.restoring 鈭?/span>D.reserving瑙ｆ瀽锛歔瑙ｆ瀽] 鍙ユ剰锛氱幇鍦ㄧ殑澶栫鎵嬫湳鏇村鐨勬槸鍏虫敞淇籍鍜屾仮澶嶅櫒瀹樺師鏈夌殑鍔熻兘鑰屼笉鏄幓鎺夋煇浜涘櫒瀹樸€俽edesign琛ㄧず鈥滈噸鏂拌璁♀€濓紝review琛ㄧず鈥滃洖椤撅紱澶嶄範锛涜瘎璁猴紱妫€璁紱妫€闃呪€濓紝restore琛ㄧず鈥滄仮澶嶏紱淇锛涘綊杩樷€濓紝reserve琛ㄧず鈥滃偍澶囷紱淇濈暀锛涢绾︹€濄€?/div>14.The effect is ______, he said, because sleep-restricted people report not feeling sleepy,even though their performance on tasks declines markedly.锛堝垎鏁帮細1.00锛?/div>A.pennissiveB.permissibleC.permutableD.pernicious 鈭?/span>瑙ｆ瀽锛歔瑙ｆ瀽] 鍙ユ剰锛氬畠鐨勫奖鍝嶆槸鎭舵€у惊鐜殑锛屽洜涓烘嵁璋冩煡锛岄暱鏈熺己涔忕潯鐪犵殑浜哄敖绠″叾宸ヤ綔鑳藉姏鏄庢樉涓嬮檷鍗存病鏈夊洶鎰忋€俻ennissive娌℃湁杩欐牱鐨勫崟璇嶏紝permissible琛ㄧず鈥滃彲鍏佽鐨勶紱鑾峰緱鍑嗚鐨勨€濓紝permutable琛ㄧず鈥滃彲鎺掑垪鐨勶紱鑳戒氦鎹㈢殑鈥濓紝pernicious琛ㄧず鈥滄湁瀹崇殑锛涙伓鎬х殑锛涜嚧鍛界殑锛涢櫓鎭剁殑鈥濄€?/div>15.All human communication experts agree that we use both verbal and nonverbal methods to______ message to each other.锛堝垎鏁帮細1.00锛?/div>A.transferB.convertC.modifyD.convey 鈭?/span>瑙ｆ瀽锛歔瑙ｆ瀽] 鍙ユ剰锛氭墍浠ヤ汉闄呬氦娴佺殑涓撳閮借禐鍚屾垜浠悓鏃朵娇鐢ㄨ瑷€鍜岄潪璇█鐨勬柟寮忔潵浼犻€掍俊鎭€倀ransfer琛ㄧず鈥滆浆璁╋紱杞锛涙崲杞︹€濓紝convert琛ㄧず鈥滀娇杞彉锛涜浆鎹⑩€︹€︼紱浣库€︹€︽敼鍙樹俊浠扳€濓紝modify琛ㄧず鈥滀慨鏀癸紝淇グ锛涙洿鏀光€濓紝convey琛ㄧず鈥滀紶杈撅紱杩愯緭锛涜涓庘€濄€?/div> 16.With its power of displaying a reality that has no ______ existence, the mirror couldsymbolize the mystery of the universe.锛堝垎鏁帮細1.00锛?/div>A.unrealB.surrealC.tangible 鈭?/span>D.pragmatic瑙ｆ瀽锛歔瑙ｆ瀽] 鍙ユ剰锛氱敱浜庡彲浠ュ睍绀轰笉鍙Е纰扮殑涓栫晫锛岄暅瀛愯兘澶熻薄寰佸畤瀹欑殑绁炵銆倁nreal琛ㄧず鈥滀笉鐪熷疄鐨勶紱鍋囩殑锛涘够鎯崇殑锛涜櫄鏋勭殑鈥濓紝surreal琛ㄧず鈥滆秴鐜板疄涓讳箟鐨勶紱绂诲鐨勶紱涓嶇湡瀹炵殑鈥濓紝tangible琛ㄧず鈥滄湁褰㈢殑锛涘垏瀹炵殑锛涘彲瑙︽懜鐨勨€濓紝pragmatic琛ㄧず鈥滃疄闄呯殑锛涘疄鐢ㄤ富涔夌殑锛涘浗浜嬬殑鈥濄€?/div>17.Job fairs are usually very lively and informal, and you can roam ______, surveying what is on offer and gathering literature on jobs you might not have considered in the everydayrun of things.锛堝垎鏁帮細1.00锛?/div>A.at restB.at peaceC.at leisure 鈭?/span>D.at speed瑙ｆ瀽锛歔瑙ｆ瀽] 鍙ユ剰锛氭嫑鑱樹細閫氬父寰堟椿璺冭€屼笖涓嶅お姝ｅ紡锛屼綘鍙互鎮犻棽鍦版极娓稿叾闂达紝鐪嬬湅鎻愪緵鐨勬湁浜涗粈涔堝矖浣嶏紝鎼滈泦涓€浜涘钩鏃跺彲鑳芥病娉ㄦ剰鍒扮殑灏变笟淇℃伅銆傝繖閲岃€冩煡瀵瑰嚑涓瘝缁勭殑杈ㄦ瀽锛宎t rest琛ㄧず鈥滈潤姝紱浼戞伅锛涘畨鐪犫€濓紝at peace琛ㄧず鈥滃浜庡拰骞崇姸鎬佲€濓紝at leisure琛ㄧず鈥滀粠瀹瑰湴锛涢棽鐫€鍦扳€濓紝at speed琛ㄧず鈥滆繀閫熷湴锛岄珮閫熷湴鈥濓紝鐢眗oam鍙煡锛屽彧鏈塧t leisure鏈€鍚堥€傘€?/div>18.In children"s story books, a policeman is sometimes depicted as a ______ figure but, as amatter of fact, he is very helpful in enforcing law and order.锛堝垎鏁帮細1.00锛?/div>A.pompous 鈭?/span>B.courageousC.gallantD.staunch瑙ｆ瀽锛歔瑙ｆ瀽] 鍙ユ剰锛氬湪瀛╁瓙浠殑鏁呬簨涔︿腑锛岃瀵熻鎻忕粯鎴愯嚜澶ф诞澶哥殑褰㈣薄銆備絾浜嬪疄涓婁粬浠浜庣淮鎶ゆ硶寰嬪拰娌诲畨杩樻槸寰堟湁甯姪鐨勩€傝繖閲岃娉ㄦ剰杞姌璇峛ut锛屾墍浠ut鍓嶈鐨勫簲璇ユ槸璀﹀療涓嶅ソ鐨勬柟闈紝鑰屽湪鎵€缁欑殑鍑犱釜璇嶄腑锛屽彧鏈塸ompous鏄船涔夌殑銆俻ompous琛ㄧず鈥滆嚜澶х殑锛涙诞澶哥殑锛涘崕鑰屼笉瀹炵殑锛涚埍鐐€€鐨勨€濓紝courageous琛ㄧず鈥滄湁鑳嗛噺鐨勶紝鍕囨暍鐨勨€濓紝gallant琛ㄧず鈥滆嫳鍕囩殑锛屽媷鏁㈢殑锛涘崕涓界殑锛涢泟浼熺殑鈥濓紝staunch琛ㄧず鈥滃潥瀹氱殑锛涘繝璇氱殑锛涘潥鍥虹殑鈥濄€?/div>19.The motion picture is only a series of still photographs which are ______ and viewed inrapid succession to create the illusion of movement and continuity.锛堝垎鏁帮細1.00锛?/div>A.slicedB.spliced 鈭?/span>C.splitD.spilt瑙ｆ瀽锛歔瑙ｆ瀽] 鍙ユ剰锛氱數褰卞彧鏄竴绯诲垪鐨勯潤鎬佺収鐗囧彔鍔犲湪涓€璧凤紝蹇€熷湴娴忚杩囧幓灏变細浜х敓涓€绉嶅姩鎬佸拰杩炵画鐨勯敊瑙夈€俿lice琛ㄧず鈥滃垏涓嬶紱鎶娾€︹€﹀垎鎴愰儴鍒嗭紱灏嗏€︹€﹀垏鎴愯杽鐗団€濓紝splice琛ㄧず鈥滄嫾鎺ワ紱鎺ュ悎锛涗娇缁撳鈥濓紝split琛ㄧず鈥滃垎绂伙紱浣垮垎绂伙紱鍔堝紑锛涚寮€锛涘垎瑙ｂ€濓紝spill琛ㄧず鈥滀娇婧㈠嚭锛屼娇娴佸嚭锛涗娇鎽斾笅鈥濄€?/div>20.There are certain pairs of words which illustrate the way in which sexual connotations are given to feminine words while the masculine words retain a serious businesslike ______.锛堝垎鏁帮細1.00锛?/div>A.lookB.auraC.sensationD.facade 鈭?/span>瑙ｆ瀽锛歔瑙ｆ瀽] 鍙ユ剰锛氭湁涓€浜涜瘝琛ㄦ槑浜嗕竴浜涘叧浜庡コ鎬х殑璇嶆槸鍖呭惈鎬у唴娑电殑锛岃€屼竴浜涚敺鎬ц瘝鍗存樉寰楀緢姝ｅ紡锛屽氨鍍忓叾澶栬〃涓€鏍枫€俵ook琛ㄧず鈥滅湅锛涙牱瀛愶紱闈㈠鈥濓紝aura琛ㄧず鈥滃厜鐜紱姘旀皼锛?涓绛夌殑)棰勫厗锛涙皵鍛斥€濓紝sensation琛ㄧず鈥滄劅瑙夛紱杞板姩锛涙劅鍔ㄢ€濓紝facade鈥滄闈紱琛ㄩ潰锛涘瑙傗€濄€?/div>21.In their productions, choreographers of modern dance have introduced humor, protestedsocial injustice, and ______ psychological problems.锛堝垎鏁帮細1.00锛?/div>A.solvedB.exacerbated 鈭?/span>C.probedD.interfered瑙ｆ瀽锛歔瑙ｆ瀽] 鍙ユ剰锛氬湪鍒朵綔杩囩▼涓紝鐜颁唬鑸炵殑缂栬垶鑰呭悜浠栦滑浠嬬粛浜嗗菇榛橈紝鍙嶅绀句細涓嶅叕锛屼互鍙婁笉鏂伓鍖栫殑蹇冪悊闂銆俿olved琛ㄧず鈥滆В鍐充簡鐨勨€濓紝exacerbated琛ㄧず鈥滃姞閲嶇殑锛屾伓鍖栫殑鈥濓紝probed琛ㄧず鈥滆皟鏌ョ殑鈥濓紝interfered琛ㄧず鈥滃Θ纰嶇殑锛屽共娑夌殑鈥濄€?/div>22.Right up until the 19th century, physicians and philosophers regarded sleep as a state ofnear ______ in which there was no mental activity, a kind of halfway stage betweenwakefulness and death.锛堝垎鏁帮細1.00锛?/div>A.oblivion 鈭?/span>B.fantasyC.allusionD.illusion瑙ｆ瀽锛歔瑙ｆ瀽] 鍙ユ剰锛氱洿鍒?0涓栫邯锛屽唴绉戝尰鐢熷拰鍝插瀹朵滑杩樺皢鐫＄湢褰撲綔涓€绉嶈繎浼间簬绁炲織涓嶆竻鐨勭姸鎬侊紝杩欐椂鍊欐病鏈夋€濈淮娲诲姩锛屽氨鍍忓浜庤閱掑拰姝讳骸涔嬮棿鐨勪竴绉嶇姸鎬佷竴鏍枫€俹blivion鈥滅蹇椾笉娓咃紝閬楀繕鈥濓紝fantasy鈥滃够鎯筹紱鐧芥棩姊︼紱骞昏鈥濓紝allusion鈥滄殫绀猴紱鎻愬強鈥濓紝illusion鈥滃够瑙夛紝閿欒锛涢敊璇殑瑙傚康鎴栦俊浠扳€濄€?/div>23.Associated with the issue of enabling older people to be active participants in a country"s development is the need for lifelong learning programs to ______ members of theageing population to find employment.锛堝垎鏁帮細1.00锛?/div>A.empower 鈭?/span>B.entrustC.embedD.entice瑙ｆ瀽锛歔瑙ｆ瀽] 鍙ユ剰锛氳鑰佸勾浜烘垚涓哄浗瀹跺缓璁惧彂灞曠殑绉瀬鍙備笌鑰呮槸缁堢敓瀛︿範椤圭洰鐨勯渶瑕侊紝瀹冭兘浣胯€佸勾浜烘壘鍒颁竴浠藉悎閫傜殑宸ヤ綔銆俥mpower鈥滄巿鏉冿紝鍏佽锛涗娇鑳藉鈥濓紝entrust鈥滃鎵橈紝淇℃墭鈥濓紝embed鈥滄牻绉嶏紱浣垮祵鍏ワ紝浣挎彃鍏ワ紱浣挎繁鐣欒剳涓€濓紝entice鈥滆浣匡紱鎬傛伩鈥濄€?/div>24.The parents are ______ towards the issue as to whether their child should walk to schoolor the father should drive him to school.锛堝垎鏁帮細1.00锛?/div>A.ambivalent 鈭?/span>B.ambiguousC.arbitraryD.approximate瑙ｆ瀽锛歔瑙ｆ瀽] 鍙ユ剰锛氬浜庡瀛愭槸搴旇姝ヨ涓婂杩樻槸鐢辩埗浜插紑杞﹂€佷粬浠笂瀛﹁繖涓€闂锛屽闀夸滑鎸佷笉鍚屾剰瑙併€俛mbivalent琛ㄧず鈥滅煕鐩剧殑锛涘ソ鎭剁浉鍏嬬殑鈥濓紝ambiguous琛ㄧず鈥滄ā绯婁笉娓呯殑锛涘紩璧锋涔夌殑鈥濓紝arbitrary琛ㄧず鈥滀换鎰忕殑锛涙鏂殑锛涗笓鍒剁殑鈥濓紝approximate琛ㄧず鈥滆繎浼肩殑锛涘ぇ姒傜殑鈥濄€?/div> 25.However, there is some evidence that culturally ______ management result in higher andbetter business performance as well as increased competitiveness.锛堝垎鏁帮細1.00锛?/div>A.congenitalB.coincidentC.contingent 鈭?/span>D.congruent瑙ｆ瀽锛歔瑙ｆ瀽] 鍙ユ剰锛氱劧鑰屼竴浜涜瘉鎹嵈琛ㄦ槑渚濇嵁涓嶅悓鐨勬枃鍖栨潵杩涜绠＄悊浼氬甫鏉ユ洿楂樻洿濂界殑鍟嗕笟琛ㄧ幇锛屽苟鑳芥彁鍗囩珵浜夊姏銆俢ongenital琛ㄧず鈥滃厛澶╃殑锛屽ぉ鐢熺殑锛涘ぉ璧嬬殑鈥濓紝coincident琛ㄧず鈥滀竴鑷寸殑锛涚鍚堢殑锛涘悓鏃跺彂鐢熺殑鈥濓紝contingent琛ㄧず鈥滃洜鎯呭喌鑰屽紓鐨勶紱涓嶄竴瀹氱殑锛涘伓鐒跺彂鐢熺殑鈥濓紝congruent琛ㄧず鈥滈€傚悎鐨勶紝涓€鑷寸殑锛涘叏绛夌殑锛涘拰璋愮殑鈥濄€?/div>26.All the people in the stadium cheered up when they saw hundreds of colorful balloons______ slowly into the sky.锛堝垎鏁帮細1.00锛?/div>A.ascending 鈭?/span>B.elevatingC.escalatingD.increasing瑙ｆ瀽锛歔瑙ｆ瀽] 鍙ユ剰锛氬綋浜轰滑鐪嬪埌鎴愬崈涓婄櫨鐨勫僵鑹叉皵鐞冪紦鎱㈠湴鍗囦笂澶╃┖鐨勬椂鍊欙紝浣撹偛鍦哄唴鐨勬墍鏈変汉閮藉紑濮嬫鍛艰捣鏉ャ€俛scend琛ㄧず鈥滀笂鍗囷紱鐧婚珮锛涜拷婧€濓紝鍙綔涓嶅強鐗╁姩璇嶏紝elevate琛ㄧず鈥滄彁鍗囷紱涓捐捣锛涙尟濂嬫儏缁瓑锛涙彁鍗団€︹€︾殑鑱屼綅鈥濓紝escalate琛ㄧず鈥滀娇鈥︹€﹀姞鍓э紱鍔犲墽鈥濓紝increase琛ㄧず鈥滃鍔狅紝澧為暱锛屾彁楂樷€濄€?/div>27.His office is ______ to the President"s; it usually takes him about three minutes to getthere.锛堝垎鏁帮細1.00锛?/div>A.relatedB.adhesiveC.adherentD.adjacent 鈭?/span>瑙ｆ瀽锛歔瑙ｆ瀽] 鍙ユ剰锛氫粬鐨勫姙鍏绂绘€荤粺鍔炲叕瀹ゅ緢杩戯紝浠栭€氬父鍙3鍒嗛挓灏辫兘璧板埌閭ｉ噷銆俽elated琛ㄧず鈥滄湁鍏崇郴鐨勶紝鏈夊叧鑱旂殑锛涜杩扮殑锛屽彊杩扮殑鈥濓紝adhesive琛ㄧず鈥滅矘鐫€鐨勶紱甯︾矘鎬х殑鈥濓紝adherent琛ㄧず鈥滈檮鐫€鐨勶紱绮樼潃鐨勨€濓紝adjacent琛ㄧず鈥滈偦杩戠殑锛屾瘲杩炵殑鈥濓紝adjacent to涓庝复杩戯紱涓庯紱涓磋繎锛涢偦杩戠殑銆?/div>28.These melodious folk songs are generally ______ to Smith, a very important musician ofthe century.锛堝垎鏁帮細1.00锛?/div>mittedB.contributedC.ascribed 鈭?/span>posed瑙ｆ瀽锛歔瑙ｆ瀽] 鍙ユ剰锛氳繖浜涗紭缇庣殑姘戞瓕閮芥槸鍙插瘑鏂墍鍒涳紝浠栨槸鏈笘绾潪甯搁噸瑕佺殑涓€浣嶉煶涔愬銆俢ommit锛岃〃绀衡€滅姱缃紝鍋氶敊浜嬶紱鎶娾€︹€︿氦鎵樼粰锛涙寚娲锯€︹€︿綔鎴橈紱浣库€︹€︽壙鎷呬箟鍔♀€濓紝contribute琛ㄧず鈥滆础鐚紝鍑哄姏锛涙姇绋匡紱鎹愮尞鈥濓紝ascribe琛ㄧず鈥滃綊鍥犱簬锛涘綊鍜庝簬鈥濓紝compose琛ㄧず鈥滄瀯鎴愶紱鍐欎綔锛涗娇骞抽潤锛涙帓鈥︹€︾殑鐗堚€濓紝铏界劧compose鏈夊垱浣滅殑鎰忔€濓紝浣嗘病鏈塩ompose to杩欐牱鐨勭敤娉曪紝ascribe to琛ㄧず鈥滃皢鈥︹€﹀綊鍥犱簬锛屽皢鈥︹€﹀綊灞炰簬鈥濄€?/div>29.As a gifted writer, an ______ politician, a penetrating thinker, he stood far above theintellectual movement of which he become the leader.锛堝垎鏁帮細1.00锛?/div>A.inherentB.ingenious 鈭?/span>C.indigenousD.indulgent瑙ｆ瀽锛歔瑙ｆ瀽] 鍙ユ剰锛氫綔涓轰竴涓ぉ璧嬬寮傜殑浣滃锛屼竴涓澃鍑虹殑鏀挎不瀹讹紝涓€涓繁閭冪殑鎬濇兂瀹讹紝浠栬繙杩滆秴鍑轰簡浠栨墍棰嗗鐨勬枃鍖栬繍鍔ㄦ湰韬€俰nberent琛ㄧず鈥滃浐鏈夌殑锛涘唴鍦ㄧ殑锛涗笌鐢熶勘鏉ョ殑锛岄仐浼犵殑鈥濓紝ingenious琛ㄧず鈥滄湁鐙垱鎬х殑锛涙満鐏电殑锛岀簿鍒剁殑锛涘績鐏垫墜宸х殑鈥濓紝indigenous琛ㄧず鈥滄湰鍦熺殑锛涘湡钁楃殑锛涘浗浜х殑锛涘浐鏈夌殑鈥濓紝indulgent琛ㄧず鈥滄斁绾电殑锛涘瀹圭殑锛涗换鎬х殑鈥濄€?/div>30.At the inaugural address yesterday the President got his most enthusiastic ______applause when he talked about tax cuts which would help revive the economy.锛堝垎鏁帮細1.00锛?/div>A.simultaneousB.spontaneous 鈭?/span>C.homogenousD.heterogeneous瑙ｆ瀽锛歔瑙ｆ瀽] 鍙ユ剰锛氬湪鏄ㄥぉ鐨勫氨鑱屾紨璁蹭腑锛屽綋鎬荤粺璋堝埌鎸叴缁忔祹鐨勫噺绋庢斂绛栨椂锛屼粬鑾峰緱浜嗘皯浼楄嚜鍙戠殑锛屾渶鐑儓鐨勬帉澹般€俿imultaneous琛ㄧず鈥滃悓鏃剁殑锛涜仈绔嬬殑锛涘悓鏃跺彂鐢熺殑鈥濓紝spontaneous琛ㄧず鈥滆嚜鍙戠殑锛涜嚜鐒剁殑锛涙棤鎰忚瘑鐨勨€濓紝homogenous琛ㄧず鈥滃悓璐ㄧ殑锛涘悓绫荤殑鈥濓紝heterogeneous琛ㄧず鈥滃鐩哥殑锛涘紓绉嶇殑锛沎鍖栧]涓嶅潎鍖€鐨勶紱鐢变笉鍚屾垚鍒嗗舰鎴愮殑鈥濄€?/div>涓夈€?b>Part 鈪?Reading Comprehension(鎬婚鏁帮細3锛屽垎鏁帮細40.00)A One of the most pivotal moments in American literature occurred near the end of thenineteenth century as authors such as a young man named Stephen Crane began to embrace a literary style forged in Europe a bit earlier and which would come to be known as naturalism. Crane was born to parents in the ministry and grew up in a household grounded in religious beliefs and context. Yet, before long, Crane had, for the most part, rejected religion and the idea of divine intervention in favor of a more hands-on approach to the world. As he began to develop as a writer, naturalist themes of man versus nature, the unrelenting power of nature, and an objective view of the world began to dominate his writing. Naturalists attempted to depict the most accurate view of life unadulterated and unobstructed by external commentary or spiritual intervention. Ultimately, Crane"s masterful short story The Open Boat stands as one of the most complete and developed works of thenaturalist genre.B The first apparent element of naturalism in The Open Boat is its subject matter鈥攁shipwreck. Being as true to life as possible is one of the most common goals of a naturalistic writer, and, in this short story, Crane is no exception. It did not come from Crane"s imagination. Rather, it stemmed from his personal experience. As a young war reporter, Crane was on his way from Florida to Cuba when his vessel, the Commodore, encountered a violent tempest. Within hours, the ship had sunk, leaving a few lucky survivors on a tiny lifeboat to be subjected to the fury of nature. Throughout the story, Crane depicts scene after scene as if they were snapshots or a short film of what the men in the boat were up against. Through his prose, Crane is able to reveal the unadulterated,brutal realism manifest in nature itself.C At the end of the story, the men"s realization of the strength of nature helps them toovercome their fear of drowning and accept the death of the oiler. The men are afraid of drowning, which is evident when they recite, "If I am going to be drowned鈥?" This is recited at three different times, before and during their long night out on the boat, thus suggesting that the men are afraid of drowning. During the long night, "A high cold star on a winter"s night is the word he feels that she says to him. Thereafter he knows the pathos of his situation." Each man realizes that nature is greater than him; therefore, each man understands that he must endure whatever nature throws at him. Also, during this night on the boat, each man comes to the conclusion that his fate is in the hands of nature, in the morning, the men see that they will not be rescued by anyone. As a result of their understanding of their situation that is acquired during the night about the might of nature, they are able to overcome their fear of drowning, and thus death.D Prior to the time when the men jump out of the boat, "the correspondent, observing the others, knew that they were not afraid." The men, because they understand the strength of nature, are able to conquer their fear of death. The men accept their fate; whatever it may be. "There were no hurried words, no pallor, no plain agitation. The men simply looked atthe shore."The correspondent, in the face of mortal peril before leaving the boat, is also not afraid of dying, "it merely occurred to him that if he should drown it would be a shame." When the men swim onto shore, they know that they may die or just as easily live; the outcome is out of their control. Thus, it comes as no surprise to the men when they see one of their comrades, the oiler, dead. The fact that he is the strongest of the men when he "was swimming strongly and rapidly," further shows the power of nature that the men have come to realize. The men"s understanding of nature allows them to overcome their fear of death bydrowning and make a run at the shore without trepidation.E As Crane continues with the theme of man versus nature in The Open Boat , the element ofpessimism, crucial to any naturalistic work, becomes quite apparent. The men are at the mercy of the storms and the seas and cannot do much to save themselves. In this sense, Crane reveals the indifference of nature and the universe in relation to the life or plight of human beings in general. It is obvious to him that angels will not swoop down and save the unfortunate men. The situation of the shipwreck is ideal because ordinary, everyday people must face an extreme situation from which it is more than likely that they will perish. Crane continually creates a mood of impending doom and the punishing nature of the universe throughout the story. Along the way, he provides little commentary on the situation, forcing readers to place themselves immediately in the boat with the men while enforcing the dark tone of the story. But, even to Crane and most naturalist writers, all is not lost. Though the outcome is bleak, Crane does add a glimmer of hope to the story. While in general the individual may seem insignificant in the grand scheme or the universe or to nature itself; Crane instills the importance or camaraderie in the story. For instance, all the sailors cast their ranks aside and help each other swim to shore for safety. In order to survive, the individuals in the boat must cooperate and help each other against the forces of nature.Together they have some dominion of control over their fate, but less so individually. Though they are isolated out among the waves in sight of shore, they remain unified in their struggle for survival, which undermines the predominant pessimistic outlook or the story asa whole.F While Crane"s work The Open Boat is a dark account of a chance situation that turns fatal for many, but not all, of the crew of the Commodore, it also sets forth the main elements of a naturalistic literary work at the turn of the twentieth century. Despite the fact thatnature can be unrelenting and compassionless towards humans at any given moment, Crane ultimately shows how individuals still always have the capacity to strive together to overcome hardships and disasters. Furthermore, the accuracy and detail by Crone shun any possibility of a sugarcoated reality and reveal the true ferocity of nature as it is. Do the following statements agree with the claims of the writer in Reading Passage 1? Onyour Answer Sheet, writeYES if the statement agrees with the claims of the writerNO if the statement contradicts the claims of the writerNOT GIVERN if it is impossible to say what the writer thinks about this.锛堝垎鏁帮細10.00锛?/div>(1).In Crane"s view, nature is merciless to human sufferings.锛堝垎鏁帮細1.00锛?/div>瑙ｆ瀽锛歒ES[瑙ｆ瀽] 鑷劧涓讳箟鐨勪竴涓緢閲嶈鐨勭壒寰佸氨鏄〃鐜板ぇ鑷劧鐨勬棤绌峰姏閲忥紝琛ㄦ槑浜虹被鏃犳硶涓庤嚜鐒舵姉琛°€傜敱E娈典腑鐨処n this sense, Crane reveals the indifference of nature and the universe in relation to the life or plight of human beings in general. It is obvious to him that angels will not swoop down and save the unfortunate men.鍙互鐪嬪嚭浠栬涓哄ぇ鑷劧瀵逛簬浜虹被鐨勮嫤闅炬槸鏃犲姩浜庤》鐨勩€?(2).Naturalists" view of life was often obstructed by spirituality.锛堝垎鏁帮細1.00锛?/div> 瑙ｆ瀽锛歂O[瑙ｆ瀽] 鐢盇娈典腑鐨凬aturalists attempted to depict the most accurate view of life unadulterated and unobstructed by external commentary or spiritual intervention锛庡彲浠ョ湅鍑鸿嚜鐒朵富涔夎€呬滑瀵逛簬浜虹敓鐨勬€佸害涓嶄細鍙楃簿绁炵殑骞叉壈銆?/div> (3).A negative outlook on life and events is a major theme of The Open Boat .锛堝垎鏁帮細1.00锛?/div>瑙ｆ瀽锛歒ES [瑙ｆ瀽] 鍦ㄨ繖鏈功涓紝浣滆€呭瀹炲湴鎻忓啓浜嗛偅娆℃捣闅惧彂鐢熺殑鍏ㄨ繃绋嬨€傜敱E娈电涓€鍙ヨ瘽As Crane continues with the theme of man versus nature in Theopen Boat锛宼he element of pessimism, crucial to any naturalistic work, becomes quite apparent. 鍙互鐪嬪嚭瀵逛汉鐢熺殑娑堟瀬鎬佸害涔熸槸鏈功鐨勪富鏃ㄤ箣涓€銆?/div> (4).Naturalists placed more emphasis on representing life as it appeared to them.锛堝垎鏁帮細1.00锛?/div>瑙ｆ瀽锛歂OT GIVERN[瑙ｆ瀽] 璇ヨ杩板湪鏂囦腑鏈彁鍒般€?/div>(5).In The Open Boat , Crane attempts to address his own spiritual beliefs to his readers.锛堝垎鏁帮細1.00锛?/div>瑙ｆ瀽锛歂O[瑙ｆ瀽] 鐢盓娈典腑鐨凙long the way, he provides little commentary on the situation, forcing readers to place themselves immediately in the boat with the men while enforcing the dark tone of the story. 鍙互鐪嬪嚭锛屼綔鑰呭苟娌℃湁鎬ヤ簬璇勮鎴栬〃杈捐嚜宸卞浜虹敓鐨勭湅娉曪紝浠栧彧鏄敖鍙兘鐪熷疄鐨勬弿鍐欙紝鐒跺悗璁╄鑰呰嚜宸卞幓鎬濊€冿紝鍘绘劅鎮熴€?/div>(6).For each question below, choose the answer that best completes the sentence. Then writethe corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.Which of the following can be inferred from this passage about Stephen Crane?锛堝垎鏁帮細1.00锛?/div>A.He enjoyed the ministry and listening to preachersB.He did not enjoy writing when he was youngC.He was rivaled by no other author of his timeD.He was not in tune with the beliefs of his parents 鈭?/span>瑙ｆ瀽锛歔瑙ｆ瀽] 杩欐槸涓€閬撶粏鑺傞锛屼俊鎭富瑕侀泦涓湪绗竴娈点€侰rane had, for the most part, rejected religion and the idea of divine intervention in favor of a more hands-on approach to the world.鍙煡锛孋rane鏄弽瀵瑰畻鏁欑殑锛屼粬鎯充翰鑷幓浣撻獙杩欎釜涓栫晫鑰屼笉鏄粠瀹楁暀鐨勮搴﹀幓鐪嬪緟杩欎釜涓栫晫锛岀敱姝ゅ彲瑙佷粬涓庣埗姣嶇殑淇′话鏄笉鍚岀殑銆?/div>(7).According to this passage, The Open Boat is important as a naturalist work because ---|||________|||---.锛堝垎鏁帮細1.00锛?/div>A.it is a true account based on Crane"s own personal experience 鈭?/span>B.it is based on a series of events in a shipwreck that Crane heard ofC.it reveals that the isolation of an individual is a dangerous tacticD.it does not attempt to glorify Crane"s heroism against nature瑙ｆ瀽锛歔瑙ｆ瀽] 杩欐槸涓€閬撴帹鐞嗛锛岀敱绗簩娈典腑鐨凚eing as true to life as possible is one of the most common goals of a naturalistic writer. 鍙煡鐪熷疄鎬у浜庤嚜鐒朵富涔夌殑灏忚鏄潪甯搁噸瑕佺殑锛岃€? The Open Boat杩欐湰涔︽濂芥槸渚濇嵁浣滆€呯殑浜茶韩缁忓巻鑰屽啓鎴愮殑锛屽洜姝ゅ畠鐗瑰埆绗﹀悎鑷劧涓讳箟灏忚鐨勮姹傚拰鐗瑰緛銆?/div> (8).The author discusses nature in paragraph C in order to ---|||________|||---.锛堝垎鏁帮細1.00锛?/div>A.show that nature is always a strong support for people in plightB.prove that it is a futile effort to fight against the forces of nature 鈭?/span>C.highlight the importance of mutual efforts in surviving a disasterD.reveal Crane"s belief that only divine intervention can save humanity瑙ｆ瀽锛歔瑙ｆ瀽] 杩欐槸涓€閬撴帹鐞嗛锛屽彲鐢ㄦ帓闄ゆ硶鏉ュ仛銆傞鍏圓椤逛笌鍘熸枃鏄笉绗︾殑锛屽ぇ鑷劧骞舵病鏈夊府鍔╅偅浜涙繁闄峰洶澧冧腑鐨勪汉銆侰椤逛腑鐨刴utual efforts鍦ㄥ師鏂囦腑骞舵病鏈夋彁鍒般€侱椤逛篃涓庡師鏂囦笉绗︼紝Crane鏄弽瀵筪ivine intervention鐨勶紝鎵€浠ュ彧鑳介€夋嫨B椤广€?/div>(9).Besides shipwreck, another naturalistic element of The Open Boat is manifest in ---|||________|||---.锛堝垎鏁帮細1.00锛?/div>A.placing the reader in the midst of the plight of the characters 鈭?/span>B.depicting a bleak scene in a more or less light tone。