Children's Online Privacy Protection Act of 1998

COPPA–美国儿童在线隐私保护法案导言在当今数字化时代，儿童面临着越来越严重的网络安全和隐私风险。

为了保护儿童免受在线侵害和滥用，美国制定了儿童在线隐私保护法案（Children's Online Privacy Protection Act，简称COPPA）。

本文将深入探讨COPPA法案的目的、内容、实施细则以及其在不同行业中的应用。

第一部分目的与背景1. COPPA法案的目的COPPA法案的目的是保护儿童的在线隐私，并要求父母对儿童个人信息的收集和使用进行明确的授权。

该法案旨在防止儿童个人信息被未经授权的第三方获取，以及避免儿童暴露在不适宜的内容或广告中。

2. COPPA法案的背景COPPA法案于1998年通过，由美国联邦贸易委员会（Federal Trade Commission，简称FTC）负责执行和监管。

法案制定的初衷是回应当时互联网快速发展下的儿童隐私问题，保护儿童对互联网的使用不受滥用。

第二部分法案内容与要求1. 对谁适用？COPPA法案适用于在线收集儿童个人信息的运营商、网站和移动应用程序（APP）提供商。

该法案将“儿童”定义为12岁以下的未成年人。

2. 个人信息收集要求根据COPPA法案的要求，对于收集儿童个人信息的网站和APP提供商，必须获得父母的明确授权。

此外，必须提供明确的隐私政策，详细说明个人信息的收集和使用情况。

3. 父母授权要求COPPA法案要求儿童个人信息的收集商必须获得父母的明确授权。

父母应当通过书面形式或其他确认方式进行授权，且授权必须包括具体的个人信息收集目的和使用范围。

4. 儿童在线隐私保护措施根据COPPA法案，儿童在线隐私保护应包括但不限于以下方面：禁止使用包含儿童个人信息的广告定向、安全性措施、信息保存期限的限制、未经父母授权禁止儿童登陆特定功能等。

第三部分 COPPA在不同行业中的应用1. 社交媒体社交媒体平台必须遵守COPPA法案的规定。

2022 学年第一学期闵行区高三年级期一模英语试卷I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. $ 10. B. $ 15. C . $ 25. D. $ 35.2. A. The man hasn’t finished the bookshelf. B. The bookshelf is hard to make.C. It’s likely that the man has lost the tools.D. The man hates to lend tools to others.3. A. To his own office. B. To a meeting room. C. To the manager’s office. D. To the front desk.4. A. The man enjoyed every minute of the show. B. The woman felt amused in the end.C. The man missed part of the show.D. The two speakers disliked the show.5. A. Convincing. B. Sensitive. C. Thoughtful. D . Informative.6. A. How to fix the refrigerator. B. Buying a new refrigerator.C. Where to put the new refrigerator.D. Advertising for refrigerators.7. A. He doesn’t like the new canteen. B. He is willing to try out the new canteen.C. He thinks the new canteen is OK.D. He has never been to the new canteen.8. A. Pressing the emergency button. B. Restarting the elevator.C. Calling the service center.D. Waiting for a short while.9. A. Tennis is difficult to learn. B. It’s too late for the man to learn tennis.C. She advised the man to try a new sport.D. The man should give up tennis.10. A. The woman doesn’t know the man well. B. The man has had a new hairstyle.C. The man went to a new hair salon.D. The new barber can’t figure out what to do.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of the passages and the conversation. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. Because of their common interest. B. Because of their shared skills.C. Because of their working experiences.D. Because of their same education.12. A. By contacting their relatives. B. By communicating with them.C. By doing housework for them.D. By setting up the volunteer program.13. A. It improves elderly people’s health. B. It collects some data for research.C. It calls for complex skills.D. It meets the requirement for graduation.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. The 18th century architecture. B. The countryside location. C. The seating arrangements. D. The quality of the music.15. A. It is a held around the year. B. It is supported by the government.C. It mainly focuses on young people.D. It doesn’t accept private donation.16. A. An introduction of a music festival. B. Ways to donate the music festival.C. Performances by young musicians.D. Policy of private sponsorship.Questions 17 through 20 are based on the fallowing conversation.17. A. The development of a group project. B. A difficult project designing a bridge.C. Lack of knowledge in ancient philosophy.D. Poor grade on the philosophy course.18. A. A 10-page paper and a 10-minute presentation. B. A 10-page paper and a 20-minute presentation.C. A 20-page paper and a 10-minute presentation.D. A 20-page paper and a 20-minute presentation. 19. A. They don’t take the assignment seriously. B. They don’t believe in Jennifer.C. They don’t show interest in philosophy.D. They prefer to do individual work.20. A. He assigned each member different work. B. He had to depend on himself.C. He gave up the project at last.D. He shifted his role to others.II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Lovely Team MembersDoes the word “imperfect” always convey negative feeling? Have you ever walked to the local grocery store’s produce (农产品)section, only (21) ______ (see) a basket full of “imperfect produce”?There’s (22) ______ wrong with a tomato that isn’t perfectly rounded or peachesin different sizes; they still carry the same benefits and flavors as the versions we’re used to seeing in grocery stores. Farmers usually throw away these imperfect items, as many grocery chains won’t accept them for fear (23) ______ they are unsellable. However, a growing group of grocery chains are fighting to make these deserted fruits and vegetables part of consumers’ buying habits.One such business is Imperfect Produce, a start-up that delivers fresh ugly produce to consumers, with (24) ______ service, you can get up to 20 pounds of fruit and veggies for around $20 a week. This is about a 30 percent discount compared to (25) ______ is currently sold in stores. So far, the company (26) ______ (accept) as partnership by several big chain wholesale giants, such as Whole Foods Company, to sell the misshapen produce.While this movement might be a new trend here in the US, it’s already gained serious popularity in Europe. In 2014, the European Union announced the Year Against Food Waste, with a French grocery chain (27) ______ (launch) a very successful campaign called Inglorious Fruits and Vegetables. In Portugal, a similar company to Imperfect Produce called Fruta Feia has also taken off.Buying these unfortunate-looking foods should be appealing to consumers not only (28) ______ ______ the affordability, but also for the support it gives to farmers and the direct impact it has on decreasing food waste and the environmental pollution. It is believed that when the discarded (丢弃的) fruits and vegetables decompose (分解) they release methane, a greenhouse gas that, when (29) ______ (release) into the atmosphere, is about 86 times as powerful as carbon dioxide over a 20-year period.The growing amount of food waste is a major global problem. Each year, some 1.3 billion tons of food is wasted. Waste is, in fact, (30) ______ (ugly) thing of all.21. 22. 22. 24. 25.26. 27. 28. 29. 30.Section BDirections: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.A. objectsB. ceaseC. removedD. substitutionsE. justifiedF. engagingG. responsible H. present I. companions J. employ K. exposingSmart Toys that Spy on KidsAmericans are becoming more and more alert of the ways their personal information is being collected on the Internet. A recent national survey found that 72% of respondents are not sure whether Facebook is using the data it collected on them in a(n) 31______ way. And 70% of respondents said they believed their smartphones are being monitored in ways they haven’t agreed to. That doubt is 32______ . Concerns about personal privacy are on the rise all the time.But adult gift-givers may not realize that some children’s toys are collecting personal data, too. Toys with cameras, mobile apps, and requirements to set up online accounts that store data about the toy and its user all 33______ privacy concerns.Toys that 34______ Bluetooth connections, for example, could be sensitive to being hacked from outside the home, perhaps 35______ the child to inappropriate content or gathering sensitive info. The famous car race Mario Kart Live Home Circuit installs a camera that uploads images of the room in order to create virtual racetrack. But these images of the room’s layout (布局) and the 36______ in it could be exposed if the game’s website were ever hacked.Most toy manufacturers are trying to build in protections. And the Children’s Online Privacy Protection Act provides another layer of defense by requiring parents to be involed in setting up the toy and giving adults the right to have their children’s online data 37______.The worldwide market for smart toys is expected to reach almost $70 billion in the next five years. These toys can be wonderfully 38______ and even educational, such as an interactive globe that speaks to children about a country as they touch it on the map. Action figures, robots, or dolls that talk back and hold conversations can become smart 39______. Yet, in an environment where so much information can be collected through interaction with devices, children 40______ to be mere “players” or “consumers”. They become “data subjects” that disclose information or “personal data” about themselves, both consciously and unconsciously.31. 32. 33. 34. 35.36. 37. 38. 39. 40.III.Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.In this world of rapid changes, everything seems to be possible. There will eventually come a day when the New York Times stops 41______ stories on paper. Exactly when that day will be is a matter of debate. “Sometime in the future,” the paper’s publisher said back in 2010.Nostalgia (怀旧) as people are for ink on paper, there are plenty of reasons to 42____ print. The basic facilities required to make a 43____ newspaper—printing presses, delivery trucks —isn’t just expensive. Readers are keeping away from print anyway. And though print advertisement sales still 44____ their online and mobile counterparts, income from print is still declining.Cost may be high and circulation lower but rushing to 45______ its print edition would be a mistake, says BuzzFeed CEO Jonah Petretti.Petretti says the Timesshouldn’t waste time getting out of the print business, but only if they go about doing it the right way. “Figuring out a way to speed up that 46______ would make sense for them,” he said, ‘‘but if you discontinue it, you’re going to have your most faithful customers really upset with you.”Sometimes that’s well worth 47______ anyway. Petretti gives the example of Netflix 48______ its DVD-mailing service to focus on streaming(流媒体). “It was once seen as a(n) 49______,” he said. The move turned out to be foresighted. “If I were in charge at the Times, I wouldn’t pick a year to 50______ print,” Petretti said, “I would raise prices and make it into more of a legacy product, which has some advantage over a modern product, making it appealing for customers to keep it around.”As a matter of fact, the most loyal customers would still get the product they 51______. The idea goes, and they’d feel like that they were helping maintain the quality of something they believe in. “So if you’re 52______ print, you could feel like that you were helping,” Peretti said. “Then increase it at a higher rate each year and essentially try to generate additional 53______.” In other words, if you’re going to print product, make it for the people who are already obsessed with it, which may be what the Times is doing already. Getting the print edition seven days a week costs nearly $500 a year — more than twice as much as a digital-only 54______.“It’s a really hard thing to do and it’s a tremendous luxury that BuzzFeed doesn’t have a legacy business,” Petretti remarked. “But we’re going to have questions like that. We’re doing things that don’t make sense when the market 55 and so does the world. In those situations, it’s better to be more aggressive than less aggressive.41. A. commenting B. publishing C. initiating D. describing42. A. restore B. promote C. stimulate D. abandon43. A. physical B. influential C. worthy D. profitable44. A. follow B. transfer C. overtake D. outlook 45. A. reverse B. eliminate C. maintain D. evaluate46. A. transition B. existence C. application D. isolation47. A. playing safe B. following a general rule C. keeping to a routine D. making a definite change48. A. stimulating B. discontinuing C. regulating D. fulfilling49. A. achievement B. tendency C. opportunity D. mistake50. A. sponsor B. fund C. end D. establish51. A. favour B. facilitate C. share D. afford52. A. benefiting from B. referring to C. overpaying for D. trying out53. A. identity B. variation C. loyalty D. income54. A. subscription B. advancement C. policy D. technology55. A. shrinks B. changes C. emerges D. dominatesSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)Raccoons are arguably the most successful urban carnivore (食肉动物) in North America. They maintainlarge populations in most U.S. cities and are certainly just as common in Chicago, though actual populationestimates are unknown. Almost anyone who has spent time outdoors at night has likely seen one, and theyare quite difficult to confuse with anything else — their fat bodies, and mask-like facial markings, make themquite distinctive, and even perhaps charming.A typical urban raccoon is able to eat virtually anything. Their diet includes earthworms, carrion, plantmatter, cat food, and all kind of discarded human food waste. Raccoons are probably the most advancedwildlife which can dive our dustbins. Their paws (爪子) are quite dexterous and enable them to access closed garbage dustbins. Raccoons are also capable climbers and can be found on the top of fences and in trees. While they are typically solitary, they are willing to tolerate crowds of other raccoons if high quality food resources are present. They give birth once and sometimes twice a year in late spring and make use of a wide variety of den (巢穴) sites, including hollow trees, chimneys, etc. Because they make dens in a variety of human structures, raccoons can be a source of human-wildlife conflict, through direct confrontation with humans, property damage caused by their activities, and, perhaps most critically, through the transmission of disease. Leptospirosis, canine distemper, raccoon roundworm, and rabies are the most important zoonotic (人畜共患的) diseases carried by raccoons. Rabies in particular has had a massive effect on raccoon populations and caused a public health attention, to the point where use of vaccine have been attempted in some cities.In most cases where raccoons are reported by the public, no management action is necessary. Large packs of raccoons, such as those often sighted along the lakeshore path, likely suggest a large artificial food source, such as people deliberately feeding raccoons on unchecked garbage. These large gatherings present a high disease risk and people should be strongly discouraged from feeding raccoons or leaving food outside for them. In cases where there is evidence of disease, individual raccoons will need to be trapped and killed.56. What do we know about raccoons from the first paragraph?A. They are unknown in Chicago.B. They are easily recognized.C. They tend to attack people at night.D. They are declining in population.57. The word “dexterous” (in paragraph two) probably means “______”.A. skillfulB. mysteriousC. invisibleD. abnormal58. From the sentence “While they are typically…” (in paragraph two), we know that raccoons prefer to ______.A. share foodB. be in crowdC. live separatelyD. hide high quality food59. What do we know from the last paragraph?A. People are encouraged to feed raccoons.B. Raccoons are killed as food source for people.C. Immediate measures are adopted when raccoons are found.D. Extreme actions may be taken to deal with racoons carrying disease.(B)60. What encouraged Mavis Cheek to become a writer?A. The expectation of the worthy financial rewards.B. The desire to combine the role of a mother and a career.C. The established idea of gaining reputation of a famous writer.D. The wish of encouraging people through the power of literature.61. Overall, Mavis Cheek describes the writing profession as ______.A. motivating but strugglingB. respectable but impersonalC. stressful and unfulfillingD. exciting and financially rewarding62. According to the passage, which of the following is true?A. Mavis Cheek had earned a lot before she became a writer.B. The income from writing has removed Mavis Cheek’s material worries.C. Mavis Cheek’s career once almost came to an end due to unfavorable comments.D. Successful as she is, Mavis Cheek still feels it hard to satisfy the readers continuously.(C)Building good transportation is a good idea. To have environmental value, new transportation has to sufficiently replace or eliminate driving to cut energy consumption overall. That means that a new traffic system has to be supported by reduction in car use. Traffic lanes should be eliminated or converted into bike or bus lanes. Ideally, these should be combined with higher fuel taxes, and parking fees. Needless to say, I have to struggle to make myself extensively understood. But they’re necessary, because you can’t make people drive less, in the long run, by taking steps that make driving more pleasant, economical, and productive.Lengthy commuting (通勤) time is a forceful factor which can slow the growth of suburbs. The farther people live away from cities, the longer commuting time they need, which means more pollution their cars produce. If, in a misguided effort to do something of environmental value, governments take steps that make long-distance car commuting faster or more convenient—by adding lanes, building bypass, employing traffic-control measures that make it possible for existing roads to accommodate more cars with fewer delays—we are actually encouraging people to live still farther from their jobs, stores, and schools. As a result, governments are forced to further extend road networks, water lines, and other facilities. If you cut commuting time by 10 percent, people who now drive fifty miles each way to work can find reason to move five miles farther out, because their travel time won’t change.Traffic congestion (拥堵) isn’t an environmental problem; traffic is. Relieving congestion without doing anything to reduce the total volume of cars can only make the real problem worse. Highway engineers have known for a long time that building new car lanes only temporarily reduces congestion, because the new lanes add additional driving. Widening roads makes traffic move faster in the short term, but the improved conditions eventually attract additional drivers, and congestion reappears. With more car on the roads, people think about widening roads again. Moving drivers out of cars and into other forms of transportation can have the same effect, if existing traffic lanes are kept in service: road space stimulates road use.One of the arguments that cities inevitably make in promoting transportation plans is that the new system, by relieving automobile congestion, will improve the lives of those who continue to drive. No one ever promotes a transportation system by arguing that it would make travelling less convenient—even though, from an environmental perspective, inconvenient travel isa worthy goal.63. In the first paragraph, the author gives us the hint that his recommendations are ______.A. not widely supportedB. costly to carry outC. generally recognizedD. temporarily beneficial64. According to the passage, what will happen if commuting time for drivers is reduced?A. Drivers will become more productive employees.B. Mass transportation will be extended farther into suburban areas.C. Drivers will be more willing to live farther from their working place.D. Mass transportation will carry fewer passengers and receive less government funding.65. Which of the following can be inferred about the author’s attitude towards the measures to improve traffic?A. They are environmentally beneficial and should be carried out immediately.B. They are well intentioned but ultimately lead to environmental harm.C. They will definitely arouse people’s awareness of environmental protection.D. They will only work if they can make driving more economical and productive.66. The author wrote this massage mainly to ______.A. support the claim that efforts to reduce traffic actually increase traffic.B. oppose the belief that improving mass transportation systems is good for the environment.C. provide a balance between suburban expansion and traffic congestion.D. indicate that making driving less agreeable is a way to reduce negative effects of traffic.Section CDirections: Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.A.There are certain aspects of economic growth which affect the environment.B. Clean energy has always been on the priority list for a better environment.C. For these reasons, bringing about economic growth without any resulting environmental damage is impossible.D. However, nowadays the range of required goods has expanded significantly.E. So humankind began to make exploration to satisfy themselves economically and mentally.F. They are sometimes preferred but replacing the traditional sources with them also requires time.Humankind has tried to improve its standard of living since the very beginning of civilization. Back then, and today, providing food was the basic task for a person. 67______ People feel the need for not only some primary things, such as bread and shelters, but also for various facilities and luxuries. Providing humanity with these things is connected to the use of natural resources, which requires energy. In turn, the common sources of energy we use today cause pollution, so economic growth is almost inevitably associated with environmental damage.68______ The first of these is the fact that in order to produce more goods and products, at a faster rate, the construction of large industrial plants is required. These plants produce a lot of waste, which may cause negative long-term health effects tonearby populations of animals, or people.The traditional energy sources, which are commonly used nowadays, are considered to be the greatest polluters to the environment. There also exist so-called eco-friendly sources of energy.69______ Of course, during this time people have to make some sacrifices to support these undertakings. In order to produce practical energy, a transformation of the natural site is often inevitable.This is expensive and, has harmful effects on the environment. Application of wind energy would block airflow’s natural speed. Consequently, the pressure balance that is brought about by this current will be affected, and it is important to remember that the environment and weather conditions are directly affected by atmospheric pressure. 70______ This is the embarrassment mankind has to deal with. A good balance between economic development and sustainability is forever what humankind has to keep in mind.IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as for as possible.Is Leather Good or Not?For thousands of years, humans have used leather to make everything from clothing to furniture to footwear. The skin of animals is a material that is strong, hard-wearing and flexible. These qualities make leather a popular material for many different products, but more people are becoming concerned about the potential harm caused by items they buy. Should we respect ancient traditions or is having real leather not as important as it used to be?The treatment of animals raised for their skins is a massive issue. According to the Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO), more than 2.29 billion cows, pigs and goats are killed each year for their hides. This does not include the animal skin of fancier leather products, such as sheep, crocodiles, kangaroos and lizards.There’s also an environmental problem. Producing leather is a very polluting process, because it requires treating the skins with chemicals. During the procedure, called tanning, chemicals change the fibres (纤维) inside the leather, making it tougher.A tanning facility uses more than 60,000 litres of water for every tonne of leather produced. It uses huge amounts of poisonous chemicals, including substances containing heavy metals such as chromium, which when washed out ends up in nearby soil and drinking water that people use.However, the making of leather is not entirely negative. Selling animal skin is a key source of income for remote populations such as the Inuit people in Canada. Every day, cows, pigs and goats are killed for their meat to be sold in supermarkets. It’s respectful not to waste anything, and without leather their skins would have to be buried or burned.Although there are alternatives to leather, some of these fabrics are only 85% to 90%biodegradable(可生物降解的). Vegan leather can be made from plastics which take years to biodegrade, so it’s actually worse for the planet. V. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.72. 刚到学校我就发现把化学书忘家里了。

会议系统介绍会议系统介绍一、引言会议系统是一种用于组织和管理会议的技术工具，能够提供语音、视频、文档共享等功能，以促进会议的高效进行和信息的传递。

本文将介绍会议系统的整体概述、系统组成、功能特点、使用方法以及相关法律名词及其注释。

二、概述会议系统是指通过运用现代信息技术手段，使参会人员能够在线进行语音、视频通信，并实现共享文件、电子白板、实时讨论等多种功能，旨在提高会议的效率和效果。

会议系统可以应用于各类会议，包括企业内部会议、远程教育、在线培训等场景。

三、系统组成1、主机设备：会议系统需要一台主机设备，通常由服务器或云平台提供。

主机设备负责管理会议的创建、管理以及会议数据的存储与传输。

2、终端设备：参会人员使用的终端设备，如电脑、平板电脑、智能方式等，用于与主机设备进行连接以及参与会议。

3、会议设备：包括话筒、摄像头、音视频编解码器等硬件设备，用于提供音视频通讯功能。

4、会议软件：为了实现会议功能，需要安装相应的会议软件。

可以是专用的会议系统软件，也可以是适配于特定会议系统的通信软件。

四、功能特点1、实时语音、视频通信：会议系统可以提供高清的语音和视频通信功能，使参会人员能够进行实时交流，达到面对面的沟通效果。

2、文件共享与演示：会议系统支持文件的在线共享和演示，参会人员可以将文件至系统，进行展示、讨论和修改。

3、多人白板协作：会议系统提供多人实时书写、标注和批注的白板功能，可以实现多人的协作编辑，方便会议过程中的讨论和思维导图的绘制。

4、多人实时问答：会议系统可以提供实时问答功能，方便参会人员在会议过程中提出问题并得到解答。

5、录制和回放：会议系统具备录制和回放功能，可以记录会议的内容和过程，并通过回放功能进行复盘和学习。

五、使用方法1、会议创建和参与：使用会议系统时，首先需要创建会议并设置相关参数，然后将会议邀请发送给参会人员。

参会人员通过，使用终端设备登录会议系统并参与会议。

2、功能操作：在会议过程中，参会人员可以使用会议系统提供的各种功能，如语音、视频通信、文件共享、白板协作等。

学绩信息管理系统学绩信息管理系统文档1. 系统简介1.1 目的和背景1.2 功能概述2. 用户需求分析2.1 学生用户需求- 查看个人成绩记录及排名情况。

- 提交作业、报告等课程相关文件。

- 查询选修课程信息并进行选课操作。

2.2 教师用户需求- 录入学绩，并计算平均分与班级排名。

- 发布作业、考试安排以及其他通知事项给学生。

3.系统设计与架构3.１数据库设计－设计数据库表结构，包括：学生表、教师表、科目表等。

３－２功能模块划分－划定各个子模块职责范围，如登录认证模块, 成绩录入/查询模块, 文件模块等。

4.详细功能描述４－１登陆注册–实现不同角色（管理员／老师／學生）登錄註冊功能，包含用戶驗證與權限控制部分。

４－２成績查詢–允许學生根据条件查询个人成绩，并显示排名情况。

４－３成績录入–允许教师输入学绩，系统自动计算平均分与班级排名，并提供相应的错误提示功能。

４－4 文件- 学生可以提交作业、报告等文件；老师可发布课程资料给学生。

5. 系统测试5.1 单元测试- 对每个模块进行单元测试以验证其正确性和稳定性。

6.部署与运行环境６-１硬件需求－列出服务器及客户端所需要的硬件配置要求。

６-２软件需求－列出操作系統, 数据库管理系统和其他必须安装在服务器上的软体需求。

7.附件8.法律名词及注释：- GDPR（General Data Protection Regulation）：欧洲通用数据保护条例，是为了加强对于公民隐私权利和信息处理规范而制定的一项监管政策。

- COPPA (Children's Online Privacy Protection Act)：儿童在线隐私保护法案，在美国旨在增强对13岁以下孩子们网络活动中收集到他们身份信息使用者责任意识方面做了规定。

- FERPA (Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act)：家庭教育权利和隐私法案，是美国一项旨在保护学生个人信息的联邦法律。

数字化档案管理系统1.引言1.1 目的数字化档案管理系统旨在帮助组织或机构实现电子档案的集中管理、检索和保护，提高工作效率和信息安全性。

1.2 背景随着信息技术的快速发展，传统的纸质档案管理面临着许多挑战，例如存储空间、检索困难等。

数字化档案管理系统应运而生，以解决这些问题，提供方便快捷的电子档案管理和检索方式。

1.3 受众本文档适用于组织或机构内的档案管理员、IT部门以及其他涉及档案管理系统的相关人员。

2.系统概述2.1 系统目标- 提供集中管理和存储电子档案的功能；- 实现档案的快速检索和访问；- 提供档案备份和恢复机制，确保档案的安全性；- 支持权限控制，限制用户对档案的访问权限；- 提供日志记录和审计功能，跟踪档案管理操作；- 支持档案的数字化处理，如扫描、OCR等。

2.2 功能概述- 用户管理：支持用户注册、权限管理和用户角色定义；- 档案管理：包括档案、分类、存储、检索和删除等功能；- 权限管理：设置档案的访问权限，确保只有授权用户能够访问档案；- 日志记录：记录用户的操作日志，包括档案的、删除等；- 备份与恢复：定期备份档案数据，并提供数据恢复功能；- 数字化处理：支持档案的扫描、OCR识别、关键词提取等功能。

3.系统设计3.1 架构设计系统采用客户端-服务器架构，客户端通过网络与服务器通信，实现对档案的管理和访问。

3.2 数据库设计系统使用关系型数据库管理档案数据，包括档案元数据、权限信息、用户信息等。

3.3 安全设计- 用户认证：用户在登录时需要提供有效的用户名和密码进行认证；- 权限控制：根据用户角色和权限设置，限制用户对档案的访问权限；- 数据加密：对敏感数据进行加密，确保数据在传输和存储过程中的安全性；- 防止未授权访问：通过网络安全措施防止未授权用户访问系统和档案数据。

4.测试方法4.1 单元测试对系统的每个功能模块进行单元测试，确保各功能的正确性和稳定性。

4.2 集成测试将各功能模块进行集成，测试系统的整体功能和协调性。

小孩需要保护隐私英文作文Protecting Children's Privacy。

With the rapid development of the internet, children are exposed to various online platforms and devices at an increasingly young age. While the internet brings convenience and entertainment, it also poses a threat to children's privacy. Therefore, it is crucial to protect children's privacy online.Firstly, parents should be aware of the risks and take measures to protect their children's privacy. They should teach their children not to share personal information, such as full name, address, phone number, and school name, with strangers online. Moreover, parents should set up parental controls on devices and monitor their children's online activities to prevent them from accessing inappropriate content or interacting with harmful individuals.Secondly, schools and education institutions should also play a role in protecting children's privacy. They should provide students with digital literacy education and teach them how to use the internet safely and responsibly. Moreover, schools should adopt secure technology and data protection measures to prevent data breaches and protect students' personal information.Thirdly, the government should establish laws and regulations to protect children's privacy online. For example, the Children's Online Privacy Protection Act (COPPA) in the United States requires websites and online services to obtain parental consent before collecting personal information from children under 13 years old. Governments should also impose severe penalties on companies and individuals who violate children's privacy rights.In conclusion, protecting children's privacy online is a shared responsibility of parents, schools, and the government. We should raise awareness of the risks and take effective measures to ensure children's safety and privacyin the digital age. Only by doing so can we create ahealthy and secure online environment for children to learn, play and grow.。

2023-2024学年浙江省温州新力量联盟高一下学期期中英语试卷1. Who went to the party?A．Jonas. B．Jenny. C．John.2. When will the magic show probably start?A．At 6:20. B．At 6:10. C．At 6:00.3. Why does the woman refuse the man’s invitation?A．She’s only interested in modern cities.B．She prefers to explore the nature.C．She’ll visit the Grand Canyon with a friend.4. How does the man sound?A．Surprised. B．Mad. C．Impatient.5. What are the speakers mainly talking about?A．A trip to Japan. B．The man’s family.C．Some pictures. 听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。

6. What does the man like about the shoes the woman shows first?A．The color. B．The style. C．The designer. 7. How much will the man pay?A．180 yuan. B．720 yuan. C．360 yuan.听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。

8. What is the probable relationship between the speakers?A．Schoolmates. B．Husband and wife. C．Colleagues.9. Where does the conversation probably take place?A．In a restaurant. B．At home. C．In a supermarket.10. What does Simon invite Kate to do next Saturday?A．Have a chat over a cup of coffee.B．Bring James to his place.C．Try the special bread with milk.听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。

Children's Online Privacy Protection Act of 1998TITLE XIII-CHILDREN'S ONLINE PRIVACY PROTECTIONSEC. 1301. SHORT TITLE.This title may be cited as the "Children's Online Privacy Protection Act of 1998".SEC. 1302. DEFINITIONS.In this title:(1) CHILD.—The term "child" means an individual under the age of 13.(2) OPERATOR.—The term "operator"—(A) means any person who operates a website located on the Internet or an online service and who collects or maintains personal information from or about the users of or visitors to such website or online service, or on whose behalf such information is collected or maintained, where such website or online service is operated for commercial purposes, including any person offering products or services for sale through that website or online service, involving commerce—(i) among the several States or with 1 or more foreign nations;(ii) in any territory of the United States or in the District of Columbia, or between any such territory and—(I) another such territory; or(II) any State or foreign nation; or(iii) between the District of Columbia and any State, territory, or foreign nation; but(B) does not include any nonprofit entity that would otherwise be exempt from coverage under section 5 of the Federal Trade Commission Act (15 U.S.C. 45).(3) COMMISSION.—The term "Commission" means the Federal Trade Commission.(4) DISCLOSURE.—The term "disclosure" means, with respect to personal information—(A) the release of personal information collected from a child in identifiable form by an operator for any purpose, except where such information is provided to a person other than the operator who provides support for the internal operations of the website and does not disclose or use that information for any other purpose; and(B) making personal information collected from a child by a website or online service directed to children or with actual knowledge that such information was collected from a child, publicly available in identifiable form, by any means including by a public posting, through the Internet, or through—(i) a home page of a website;(ii) a pen pal service;(iii) an electronic mail service;(iv) a message board; or(v) a chat room.(5) FEDERAL AGENCY.—The term "Federal agency" means an agency, as that term is defined in section 551(1) of title 5, United States Code.(6) INTERNET.—The term "Internet" means collectively the myriad of computer and telecommunications facilities, including equipment and operating software, which comprise the interconnected world-wide network of networks that employ the Transmission Control Protocol/ Internet Protocol, or any predecessor or successor protocols to such protocol, to communicate information of all kinds by wire or radio.(7) PARENT.—The term "parent" includes a legal guardian.(8) PERSONAL INFORMATION.—The term "personal information" means individually identifiable information about an individual collected online, including—(A) a first and last name;(B) a home or other physical address including street name and name of a city or town;(C) an e-mail address;(D) a telephone number;(E) a Social Security number;(F) any other identifier that the Commission determines permits the physical or online contacting of a specific individual; or(G) information concerning the child or the parents of that child that the website collects online from the child and combines with an identifier described in this paragraph.(9) VERIFIABLE PARENTAL CONSENT.—The term "verifiable parental consent" means any reasonable effort (taking into consideration available technology), including a request for authorization for future collection, use, and disclosure described in the notice, to ensure that a parent of a child receives notice of the operator's personal information collection, use, and disclosure practices, and authorizes the collection, use, and disclosure, as applicable, of personal information and the subsequent use of that information before that information is collected from that child.(10) WEBSITE OR ONLINE SERVICE DIRECTED TO CHILDREN.—(A) IN GENERAL.—The term "website or online service directed to children" means—(i) a commercial website or online service that is targeted to children; or(ii) that portion of a commercial website or online service that is targeted to children.(B) LIMITATION.—A commercial website or online service, or a portion of a commercial website or online service, shall not be deemed directed to children solely for referring or linking to a commercial website or online service directed to children by using information location tools, including a directory, index, reference, pointer, or hypertext link.(11) PERSON.—The term "person" means any individual, partnership, corporation, trust, estate, cooperative, association, or other entity.(12) ONLINE CONTACT INFORMATION.—The term "online contact information" means an e-mail address or an-other substantially similar identifier that permits direct contact with a person online.SEC. 1303. REGULATION OF UNFAIR AND DECEPTIVE ACTS AND PRACTICES IN CONNECTION WITH THE COLLECTION AND USE OF PERSONAL INFORMATION FROM AND ABOUT CHILDREN ON THE INTERNET.(a) ACTS PROHIBITED.—(1) IN GENERAL.—It is unlawful for an operator of a website or online service directed to children, or any operator that has actual knowledge that it is collecting personal information from a child, to collect personal information from a child in a manner that violates the regulations prescribed under subsection (b).(2) DISCLOSURE TO PARENT PROTECTED.—Notwithstanding paragraph (1), neither an operator of such a website or online service nor the operator's agent shall be held to be liable under any Federal or State law for any disclosure made in good faith and following reasonable procedures in responding to a request for disclosure of per-sonal information under subsection (b)(1)(B)(iii) to the parent of a child.(b) REGULATIONS.—(1) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 1 year after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Commission shall promulgate under section 553 of title 5, United States Code, regulations that—(A) require the operator of any website or online service directed to children that collects personal information from children or the operator of a website or online service that has actual knowledge that it is collecting personal information from a child—(i) to provide notice on the website of what information is collected from children by the operator, how the operator uses such information, and the operator's disclosure practices for such information; and(ii) to obtain verifiable parental consent for the collection, use, or disclosure of personal information from children;(B) require the operator to provide, upon request of a parent under this subparagraph whose child has provided personal information to that website or online service, upon proper identification of that parent, to such par-ent—(i) a description of the specific types of personal information collected from the child by that operator;(ii) the opportunity at any time to refuse to permit the operator's further use or maintenance in retrievable form, or future online collection, of personal information from that child; and(iii) notwithstanding any other provision of law, a means that is reasonable under the circumstances for the parent to obtain any personal information collected from that child;(C) prohibit conditioning a child's participation in a game, the offering of a prize, or another activity on the child disclosing more personal information than is reasonably necessary to participate in such activity; and(D) require the operator of such a website or online service to establish and maintain reasonable procedures to protect the confidentiality, security, and integrity of personal information collected from children.(2) WHEN CONSENT NOT REQUIRED.—The regulations shall provide that verifiable parental consent under paragraph (1)(A)(ii) is not required in the case of—(A) online contact information collected from a child that is used only to respond directly on a one-time basis to a specific request from the child and is not used to recontact the child and is not maintained in retrievable form by the operator;(B) a request for the name or online contact information of a parent or child that is used for the sole purpose of obtaining parental consent or providing notice under this section and where such information is not maintained in retrievable form by the operator if parental consent is not obtained after a reasonable time;(C) online contact information collected from a child that is used only to respond more than once directly to a specific request from the child and is not used to recontact the child beyond the scope of that request—(i) if, before any additional response after the initial response to the child, the operator uses reasonable efforts to provide a parent notice of the online contact information collected from the child, the purposes for which it is to be used, and an opportunity for the parent to request that the operator make no further use of the information and that it not be maintained in retrievable form; or(ii) without notice to the parent in such circumstances as the Commission may determine are appropriate, taking into consideration the benefits to the child of access to information and services, and risks to the security and privacy of the child, in regulations promulgated under this subsection;(D) the name of the child and online contact information (to the extent reasonably necessary to protect the safety of a child participant on the site)—(i) used only for the purpose of protecting such safety;(ii) not used to recontact the child or for any other purpose; and(iii) not disclosed on the site, if the operator uses reasonable efforts to provide a parent notice of the name and online contact information collected from the child, the purposes for which it is to be used, and an opportunity for the parent to request that the operator make no further use of the information and that it not be maintained in retrievable form; or(E) the collection, use, or dissemination of such information by the operator of such a website or online service necessary—(i) to protect the security or integrity of its website;(ii) to take precautions against liability;(iii) to respond to judicial process; or(iv) to the extent permitted under other provisions of law, to provide information to law enforcement agencies or for an investigation on a matter related to public safety. 1815(3) TERMINATION OF SERVICE.—The regulations shall permit the operator of a website or an online service to terminate service provided to a child whose parent has refused, under the regulations prescribed under paragraph (1)(B)(ii), to permit the operator's further use or maintenance in retrievable form, or future online collection, of personal information from that child.(c) ENFORCEMENT.—Subject to sections 1304 and 1306, a violation of a regulation prescribed under subsection (a) shall be treated as a violation of a rule defining an unfair or deceptive act or practice prescribed under section 18(a)(1)(B) of the Federal Trade Commission Act (15 U.S.C. 57a(a)(1)(B)).(d) INCONSISTENT STATE LAW.—No State or local government may impose any liability for commercial activities or actions by operators in interstate or foreign commerce in connection with an activity or action described in this title that is inconsistent with the treatment of those activities or actions under this section.SEC. 1304. SAFE HARBORS.(a) GUIDELINES.—An operator may satisfy the requirements of regulations issued under section 1303(b) by following a set of self-regulatory guidelines, issued by representatives of the marketing or online industries, or by other persons, approved under subsection (b).(b) INCENTIVES.—(1) SELF-REGULATORY INCENTIVES.—In prescribing regulations under section 1303, the Commission shall provide incentives for self-regulation by operators to implement the protections afforded children under the regulatory requirements described in subsection (b) of that section.(2) DEEMED COMPLIANCE.—Such incentives shall include provisions for ensuring that a person will be deemed to be in compliance with the requirements of the regulations under section 1303 if that person complies with guidelines that, after notice and comment, are approved by the Commission upon making a determination that the guidelines meet the requirements of the regulations issued under section 1303.(3) EXPEDITED RESPONSE TO REQUESTS.—The Commission shall act upon requests for safe harbor treatment within 180 days of the filing of the request, and shall set forth in writing its conclusions with regard to such requests.(c) APPEALS.—Final action by the Commission on a request for approval of guidelines, or the failure to act within 180 days on a request for approval of guidelines, submitted under subsection (b) may be appealed to a district court of the United States of appropriate jurisdiction as provided for in section 706 of title 5, United States Code.SEC. 1305. ACTIONS BY STATES.(a) IN GENERAL.—(1) CIVIL ACTIONS.—In any case in which the attorney general of a State has reason to believe that an interest of the residents of that State has been or is threatened or adversely affected by the engagement of any person in a practice that violates any regulation of the Commission prescribed under section 1303(b), the State, as parens patriae, may bring a civil action on behalf of the residents of the State in a district court of the United States of appropriate jurisdiction to—(A) enjoin that practice;(B) enforce compliance with the regulation;(C) obtain damage, restitution, or other compensation on behalf of residents of the State; or(D) obtain such other relief as the court may consider to be appropriate.(2) NOTICE.—(A) IN GENERAL.—Before filing an action under paragraph (1), the attorney general of the State involved shall provide to the Commission—(i) written notice of that action; and(ii) a copy of the complaint for that action.(B) EXEMPTION.—(i) IN GENERAL.—Subparagraph (A) shall not apply with respect to the filing of an action by an attorney general of a State under this subsection, if the attorney general determines that it is not feasible to provide the notice described in that subparagraph before the filing of the action.(ii) NOTIFICATION.—In an action described in clause (i), the attorney general of a State shall provide notice and a copy of the complaint to the Commission at the same time as the attorney general files the action.(b) INTERVENTION.—(1) IN GENERAL.—On receiving notice under subsection (a)(2), the Commission shall have the right to intervene in the action that is the subject of the notice.(2) EFFECT OF INTERVENTION.—If the Commission intervenes in an action under subsection(a), it shall have the right—(A) to be heard with respect to any matter that arises in that action; and(B) to file a petition for appeal.(3) AMICUS CURIAE.—Upon application to the court, a person whose self-regulatory guidelines have been approved by the Commission and are relied upon as a defense by any defendant to a proceeding under this section may file amicus curiae in that proceeding.(c) CONSTRUCTION.—For purposes of bringing any civil action under subsection (a), nothing in this title shall be construed to prevent an attorney general of a State from exercising the powers conferred on the attorney general by the laws of that State to—(1) conduct investigations;(2) administer oaths or affirmations; or(3) compel the attendance of witnesses or the production of documentary and other evidence.(d) ACTIONS BY THE COMMISSION.—In any case in which an action is instituted by or on behalf of the Commission for violation of any regulation prescribed under section 1303, no State may, during the pendency of that action, institute an action under subsection (a) against any defendant named in the complaint in that action for violation of that regulation.(e) VENUE; SERVICE OF PROCESS.—(1) VENUE.—Any action brought under subsection (a) may be brought in the district court of the United States that meets applicable requirements relating to venue under section 1391 of title 28, United States Code.(2) SERVICE OF PROCESS.—In an action brought under subsection (a), process may be served in any district in which the defendant—(A) is an inhabitant; or(B) may be found.SEC. 1306. ADMINISTRATION AND APPLICABILITY OF ACT.(a) IN GENERAL.—Except as otherwise provided, this title shall be enforced by the Commission under the Federal Trade Commission Act (15 U.S.C. 41 et seq.).(b) PROVISIONS.—Compliance with the requirements imposed under this title shall be enforced under—(1) section 8 of the Federal Deposit Insurance Act (12 U.S.C. 1818), in the case of—(A) national banks, and Federal branches and Federal agencies of foreign banks, by the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency;(B) member banks of the Federal Reserve System (other than national banks), branches and agencies of foreign banks (other than Federal branches, Federal agencies, and insured State branches of foreign banks), commercial lending companies owned or controlled by foreign banks, and organizations operating under section 25 or 25(a) of the Federal Reserve Act (12 U.S.C. 601 et seq. and 611 et seq.), by the Board; and(C) banks insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (other than members of the Federal Reserve System) and insured State branches of foreign banks, by the Board of Direc- tors of the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation;(2) section 8 of the Federal Deposit Insurance Act (12 U.S.C. 1818), by the Director of the Office of Thrift Supervision, in the case of a savings association the deposits of which are insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation;(3) the Federal Credit Union Act (12 U.S.C. 1751 et seq.) by the National Credit Union Administration Board with respect to any Federal credit union;(4) part A of subtitle VII of title 49, United States Code, by the Secretary of Transportation with respect to any air carrier or foreign air carrier subject to that part;(5) the Packers and Stockyards Act, 1921 (7 U.S.C. 181 et seq.) (except as provided in section 406 of that Act (7 U.S.C. 226, 227)), by the Secretary of Agriculture with respect to any activities subject to that Act; and(6) the Farm Credit Act of 1971 (12 U.S.C. 2001 et seq.) by the Farm Credit Administration with respect to any Federal land bank, Federal land bank association, Federal intermediate credit bank, or production credit association.(c) EXERCISE OF CERTAIN POWERS.—For the purpose of the exercise by any agency referred to in subsection (a) of its powers under any Act referred to in that subsection, a violation of any requirement imposed under this title shall be deemed to be a violation of a requirement imposed under that Act. In addition to its powers under any provision of law specifically referred to in subsection (a), each of the agencies referred to in that subsection may exercise, for the purpose of enforcing compliance with any requirement imposed under this title, any other authority conferred on it by law.(d) ACTIONS BY THE COMMISSION.—The Commission shall prevent any person from violating a rule of the Commission under section 1303 in the same manner, by the same means, and with the same jurisdiction, powers, and duties as though all applicable terms and provisions of the Federal Trade Commission Act (15 U.S.C. 41 et seq.) were incorporated into and made a part of this title. Any entity that violates such rule shall be subject to the penalties and entitled to the privileges and immunities provided in the Federal Trade Commission Act in the same manner, by the same means, and with the same jurisdiction, power, and duties as though all applicable terms and provisions of the Federal Trade Commission Act were incorporated into and made a part of this title.(e) EFFECT ON OTHER LAWS.—Nothing contained in the Act shall be construed to limit the authority of the Commission under any other provisions of law.SEC. 1307. REVIEW.Not later than 5 years after the effective date of the regulations initially issued under section 1303, the Commission shall—(1) review the implementation of this title, including the effect of the implementation of this title on practices relating to the collection and disclosure of information relating to children, children's ability to obtain access to information of their choice online, and on the availability of websites directed to children; and(2) prepare and submit to Congress a report on the results of the review under paragraph (1).SEC. 1308. EFFECTIVE DATE. Sections 1303(a), 1305, and 1306 of this title take effect on the later of—(1) the date that is 18 months after the date of enactment of this Act; or(2) the date on which the Commission rules on the first application filed for safe harbor treatment under section 1304 if the Commission does not rule on the first such application within one year after the date of enactment of this Act, but in no case later than the date that is 30 months after the date of enactment of this Act.。

中国青年社会科学2021年第2期青少年与法治第40卷（总第213期）未成年人个人信息保护的困境与制度应对——以“替代决定”的监护人同意机制完善为视角■蔡一博吴涛（华东政送大学法律学院，上海201620；上海司法智库学会，上海200031）【摘要】数字经济时代，未成年人个人信息保护在实践中面临协调性和实效性的难题，加强未成年人个人信息保护迫在眉睫。

需要认识到未成年人个人信息承载的双重利益，即未成年人的个人利益和成年父母的亲权利益；需要科学确定年龄界限,并在制度供给中平衡各方利益。

未成年人个人信息法律治理体系的核心是监护人同意机制，民法监护理论的“替代决定”模式是其规则设计的底层逻辑，在实践中有待进一步完善。

应当从身份识别规则、效力认定规则、撤回同意规则等方面，进一步细化“替代决定”模式的监护人同意机制，从而破解未成年人个人信息保护的现实困境。

【关键词】未成年人个人信息替代决定监护人同意在科技发展与数据洪流面前，对未成年人①个人信息进行专门保护是数字经济时代的一项世界性议题⑷，更是承载了成年父母对未成年子女关爱的普遍愿望。

有鉴于此,本文将立足于实证研究,从未成年人个人信息的特殊属性出发,围绕我国未成年人个人信息法律保护的实践困境展开讨论，补强理论基础,并结合《中华人民共和国未成年人保护法》（以下简称《未成年人保护法》）最新立法精神，通过明确《中华人民共和国民法典》（以下简称《民法典》）第1035条“监护人同意”对未成年人个人信息保护的适用方式，有针对性地强化未成年人个人信息保护的制度建设。

一、问题提出我国在未成年人个人信息保护的理论基础、制度实践方面没有脱离以欧美为代表的国际通行做法図，但制度建设刚刚起步，规则设计过于笼统，体系性和可操作性并不理想。

目前，我国收稿日期：2021-01-18作者简介:蔡一博，华东政法大学法律学皖民商法学博士研究生，上海市高级人民法院研究室干部，主要研究财产法、数据法；吴涛，上海司法智库学会研究员，主要研究金融法、数据法。

高一英语第二学期期末模拟试卷2(译林新教材)说明：本卷不含听力，满分120分，适用采用译林版新教材参加新高考地区的学生。

第一部分阅读理解（共两节, 满分50分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分, 满分37.5分）阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中,选出最佳选项。

ABelow are the international days currently playing a more and more important role across the world.World Earth DayEvery year on April 22, People all over the world celebrate Earth Day. It is a time to work to keep our earth clean. U.S. Senator (参议员) Gaylord Nelson first thought of the idea for Earth Day in 1962 when he saw polluted rivers and cities with smoke. He needed to get support from Americans to clean up the earth. Finally, on April 22, 1970, 20 million Americans celebrated the first Earth Day! It is a day that is meant to raise awareness (意识) and appreciation about the Earth’s natural environment.World Book DayWorld Book Day is a celebration to improve the enjoyment of books and reading. Each year, on April 23, celebrations take place all over the world. April 23 marks the anniversary (周年纪念日) of the birth or death of a number of well-known writers, including William Shakespeare, Miguel de Cervantes and Manuel Mejía Vallejo. World Book Day is an occasion to pay a worldwide respect to books and authors and to encourage people to discover the pleasure of reading.World Autism Awareness Day (世界自闭症关注日)Wo rld Autism Awareness Day aims to increase people’s awareness about people, especially children, with autism. This condition affects the brain’s functions and remains with a person for his or her whole life. The first signs usually appear before a child is three years old. On December 18, 2007, the UN General Assembly (联合国大会) determined April 2 as World Autism Awareness Day. It was first observed in 2008.1.What made Gaylord come up with the idea for Earth Day at first?A. Polluted water and cities with smoke.B. Support from Americans.C. Serving as a Senator.D. The Earth’s natural environment.2.Why is April 23 the day of World Book Day?A. To help children with autism.B. To discover the pleasure of reading.C. To honor some well-known writers.D. To sell more books.3.What do the Days have in common?A. The Days raise the awareness of protecting the earth.B. The Days took place in the same month.C. The Days are only celebrated in America.D. The Days were all first celebrated in 2008.BWhen 45-year-old Randy Pausch was diagnosed with pancreatic (胰腺)cancer, he chose to focus on living rather than dying. As a computer science professor at Carnegie Mellon University, Pausch was asked to deliver a "last lecture”. This well-known campus tradition allowed professors to share worldly wisdom with students as if they were dying and had one last lecture to give.The only difference in Pausch's case is that Pausch really was dying, but it only motivated him more. He delivered his last lecture, "Really Achieving Your Chi ldhood Dreams” on Sept. 18, 2007.Pausch began by sharing several of his boyhood dreams, some of which he had achieved and the others he hadn't. He described the importance of having dreams and how anyone can still learn a lot by reaching for those dreams, even if they don't always succeed He shared the values learned through experience, which he hoped to pass on to others hard work, laughter and gratitude.honesty , character ,Pausch's last lecture received a great deal of praise and attention. It became a crazy YouTube hit, and in October 2007, he presented an abridged (删节的)version on “The Oprah Winfrey Show". He turned the lecture into a book by the same name, which quickly became a best-seller. Readers were deeply moved by the book's representation of Pausch's lifelong philosophy and the way it revealed the biggest source of his motivation—his three young children.Pausch passed away on July 25, 2008, but his voice lives on in the recorded lecture and his book He continues to motivate us all by encouraging us to never give up our childhood dreams—a source of inspiration that can neverrun dry.4.Why was Pausch asked to give his "last lecture ?A. To teach the students.B. To make him have a better heC. To cure his cancer.D. To achieve his dream.5.What was Pausch's lecture mainly about?A. His private life in boyhood.B. Having dreams and good values.C. The reason for his success.D. The experience learned from others.6.Which of the following motivated Pausch most?A. His dreams.B. His children.C. His work.D. His students.7.What can be the best title for the text?A. Keep on DreamingB. The Meaning of LifeC. Motivation from LifeD. Give the Last LectureCBelieve it or not, nearly a fifth of older adults have contact with friends, family and neighbors less than once a week. In the United Kingdom, that amounts to nearly 9 million residents who are isolated with little social contact. In the United States, a 2019 survey on aging found 8% of older adults living alone who report feelings of loneliness.In Somerset, England, the local police found a way to fight social isolation. Local police chose a project that was local, where they could see the change they’d enabled. Their “chat benches” appeared in local parks, where they encourage strollers(散步者) to sit down and have a chat with a random stranger.“The sign simply helps to break down the invisible, social barriers that exists between strangers who find themselves sharing a common place. We can all play a part…” according to a spokesman for the police dep artment. “Simply stopping to say ‘hello’ to someone at the chat bench could make a huge difference to the vulnerable(易受伤害的) people in our communities and help to make life a little better for them.”Some Texans in the United States, are trying to relieve the loneliness and isolation that many elderly Americans are feeling during the coronavirus pandemic（冠状病毒流行）by creating safe “hugging booths.”Amber Crenshaw and her husband Steve Crenshaw own a business called Handle With Care and work with Unlimited Care Cottages, an assisted living facility. Amber said she and her husband designed and built the hugging booths after one of the nurses suggested the idea."The residents have been, just so filled with joy,” Amber said. “It was one of our resident’s birthdays. We were able to set the booth up for their birthday, and family members were able to come in and give birthday hugs. It has really lifted the spirits of the assisted living residents.”The Crenshaws have just worked with Unlimited Care so far, but they said other assisted living facilities in Texas have contacted them with interest.8.What is the finding of the 2019 investigation?A. A majority of old people get in touch with others less than once a week.B. The number of isolated people who contact with others adds up to 9 million in the UK.C. 8% of the aged people who suffer from loneliness live on their own in America.D. There are more people who have little connection with others in the UK than in the USA.9.Why did the local police in Somerset set up “chat benches” in local parks?A. To remind older adults of the tricks of the cheats.B. To better the public facilities in the community.C. To make local people feel closer to each other.D. To celebrate United Nations World Elder Day.10.What can be inferred from the case of “hugging booths”?A. Hugging booths play a role in birthday hugs in family membersB. The Crenshaws run a business and an assisted living facilityC. Some nurses first came up with the idea of the “hugging booth”.D. There’re many assi sted living facilities with hugging booths.11.What’s the purpose of this text?A. To raise people’s awareness of caring lonely seniors.B. To help protect the people living in the community.C. To urge family members to hug each other more often.D. To present the differences between the two methods.DA study of 100 mobile apps for kids found that 72 broke a law aimed at protecting children's online privacy. Researchers developed a tool that can determine whether a mobile app follows the Children's Online Privacy Protection Act(COPPA). The tool was 99%right. Researchers continue to improve the technology, which they plan to make available for download at no cost.When you download an app, it can get a lot of information on your cellphone. You have to keep in mind that all this information can be collected by these apps and sent to third parties. What do they do with it? They can pretty much do anything. We should be careful about this. Apps can get personal identifiable information, including names, email addresses, phone numbers, locations, audio and visual recordings, and unique identifiers or devices such as an international mobile equipment identity(IMEI), media access control(MAC) addresses, Android IDs and Android advertising IDs. The advertising ID, for example, allows app developers to collect information on user’s interests, which they can then sell to advertisers. What's worse, games and other apps that violate COPPA cause privacy risks that could make it possible for someone to determine a child's ID and location. A bad man could probably get the user's email ID and geographic location and try to kidnap the child.COPPA requires that websites and online services directed to children get parental agreement before collecting, personal information from anyone younger than 13; however, as the research found, many popular apps do not follow the rule. Researchers found that many popular games designed specifically for young children showed users’. Android IDs, Android advertising IDs and device descriptions. Researchers suggest that parents should be careful when downloading or allowing children to download apps. They advise keeping downloads to a minimum. Don't download apps unless they need to.12.What is the matter with most mobile apps for kids?A. They lead children to do wrong.B. They are too expensive for kids.C. They collect children's private information.D. They are too difficult to operate.13.What can we learn about the testing tool?A. It will be put online for sale.B. Parents will get it for free.C. Apps will find ways to deal with it.D. Researchers will give it up after the study.14.What will apps do with kids' privacy?A. They will send it to others.B. They will publish it online.C. They will keep it a secret.D. They will use it in social surveys.15.What is the researchers' advice to parents about downloading apps?A. Downloading as few apps as possible.B. Downloading as many apps as required.C. Downloading no apps from the Internet.D. Downloading apps that COPPA identifies.第二节（共5小题：每小题2. 5分, 满分12. 5分）阅读下面短文, 从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。