上海市青浦区2015届高三上学期期末学业质量调研测试(一模)生物试题

青浦区高三生物第一学期期末试卷一、选择题（每小题3分，共45分）1. 将离体的神经纤维置于适宜的生理盐溶液中进行神经生物电现象的相关实验，下列叙述中正确的是（）A．将电位计的两电极置于神经纤维膜外侧，给予一适宜刺激后可测出动作电位的大小B．适当增加生理盐溶液的KCl浓度，测得静息电位的绝对值增大C．将离体的神经纤维的一头与适当的肌肉搭接可引起肌肉收缩D．神经纤维动作电位的峰值会随刺激强度的增大而增大，随传导距离的增大而减小2. 某研究小组发现植物种子细胞以小油滴的方式贮存油，每个小油滴都由磷脂膜包被着，该膜最可能的结构是（）A．由单层磷脂分子构成，磷脂的尾部向着油滴内B．由单层磷脂分子构成，磷脂的头部向着油滴内C．由两层磷脂分子构成，结构与细胞膜基本相同D．由两层磷脂分子构成，两层磷脂的头部相对3. 为了认识酶作用的特性，以20%过氧化氢溶液为反应底物的一组实验结果如下表所示。

通过分析实验结果，能够得出相应结论。

在下列有关结论的描述中，从表中得不到实验依据的一组是（）方法观察结果1常温下自然分解氧气泡少而小2常温下加入Fe3+氧气泡稍多而小3常温下加入鲜肝提取液氧气泡极多而大4加入煮沸后冷却的鲜肝提取液氧气泡极少而小A．从催化剂反应条件看，酶有温和性B．从催化活性看，酶变性后就失活C．从催化底物范围看，酶有专一性D．从催化反应效率看，酶有高效性4. 关于细胞内有机化合物的叙述，错误的有（）A．大豆的核酸彻底水解可产生8种小分子B．DNA、RNA虽然结构不同，但功能相似，都是遗传物质C．蛋白质、核酸是不同类的生物大分子，功能也一定不同D．乳酸、吲哚乙酸元素组成相同，但功能不同5. M基因编码含50个氨基酸的肽链。

该基因发生插入突变，使mRNA增加了一个三碱基序列GAU, 表达的肽链含51个氨基酸。

以下说法错误的是（）A. M基因突变前后，参与该基因复制所需的嘌呤核苷酸占核苷酸总数的比例不变B. 在突变基因翻译时，核糖体沿mRNA分子每次移动三个碱基的距离C. 突变前后编码的两条肽链，最多有2个氨基酸不同D. M基因突变后未改变基因的数量，但有的基因突变可能会导致某个基因的缺失6. 观察哺乳动物的某组织装片时，发现一个细胞中的染色体均两两配对。

浦东新区高三第一学期质量抽测生命科学试题及答案第Ⅰ卷（共60分）一．单选题（共60分，每小题只有一个正确选项）（一）1分题（共8题）1．“人类基因组计划”中的基因测序工作所测定的是A．DNA的碱基对排列顺序B．RNA碱基排列顺序C．蛋白质的氨基酸排列顺序D．DNA的基因排列顺序2．下列叙述中不能称之为种群的是A．一个池塘中的全部鲫鱼B．一片草原上的全部草本植物C．一块棉田中的全部棉铃虫D．一片森林中的全部山毛榉3．纤维素．纤维素酶．纤维素酶基因的基本组成单位分别是A．葡萄糖．葡萄糖和氨基酸B．葡萄糖．氨基酸和核苷酸C．氨基酸．氨基酸和核苷酸D．淀粉．蛋白质和DNA4．有关现代生物进化理论的说法不正确的是A．生态系统是生物进化的单位B．隔离是新物种形成的必要条件C．自然选择决定生物进化的方向D．可遗传的变异是生物进化的原材料5．生物的多样性通常包括①遗传多样性②物种多样性③结构多样性④功能多样性⑤蛋白质多样性⑥生态系统多样性⑦无机环境的多样性A．①③④B．⑤⑥⑦C．②③④D．①②⑥6．下列属于数量性状的是A．人的耳垂有无B．人的头发长短C．人的ABO型血型D．人的肤色深浅7．下列能促进甘油三酯生成的激素是A．胰岛素B．胰高血糖素C．肾上腺素D．甲状腺素8．某同学在做显微镜实验时，所要观察的细胞在视野的右上方，要想把它移到视野的中央，应如何移动装片？A．右上方B．左下方C．右下方D．左上方（二）2分题（共20题）9．小王因为意外伤害丧失了视觉，医生检查发现眼的结构完好无损，那么可能损伤的部位是A．角膜B．晶状体C．视网膜D．视神经或大脑皮层视觉中枢10．下列有关血压的叙述错误的是A．平时说的血压是指动脉血压B．健康人安静时一般收缩压为100—130mmHg，舒张压为60—90 mmHgC．外周阻力增大引起血压降低D．引起高血压的因素主要有遗传因素．饮食因素和精神因素等。

11．下列育种方式依据染色体畸变原理的是A．太空辣椒B．无籽番茄C．无籽西瓜D．矮杆抗病小麦12．长时间运动引起机体缺氧时，血液pH的变化趋势．引起pH变化的物质．能起缓冲作用的物质分别是A．降低．CO2．Na2CO3B．降低．乳酸．NaHCO3C．升高．CO2．H2CO3D．升高．乳酸．NaHCO313．下列关于人类探索遗传奥秘历程中所用的科学实验方法及技术的叙述，不正确的是A．孟德尔在研究豌豆杂交实验时，运用了统计学的方法B．萨顿根据基因和染色体的行为存在平行关系，类比推理出基因位于染色体上C．格里菲思利用肺炎(双)球菌研究遗传物质时，运用了放射性同位素标记法D．沃森和克里克研究DNA分子结构时，运用了建构物理模型的方法14．一个基因型为AaXbY的精原细胞，在减数分裂过程中，由于染色体分配紊乱，产生了一个AaXb的精子，则另三个精子的基因型分别是A．aXb．Y．Y B．Xb．aY．Y C．aXb．aY．Y D．AaXb．Y．Y 15．a．b两个神经元之间传递兴奋的方向是a→b，则这两个神经元的突触了解是A．a的轴突末梢与b的轴突末梢接触B．a的树突末梢与b的树突末梢接触C．a的轴突末梢与b的树突末梢接触D．a的树突末梢与b的轴突末梢接触16．丈夫患下列哪种病，妻子在怀孕后进行产前诊断时有必要鉴定胎儿性别的是A．白化病B．2l三体综合征C．血友病D．抗维生素D佝偻病17．甲．乙．丙．丁四人的血型为ABO血型系统中的四种不同类型。

2014学年第一学期奉贤区高三生命科学期末调研试卷本卷分为Ⅰ卷选择题和Ⅱ卷简答题两部分，全卷共12页。

满分150分,考试时间为120分钟。

答题前，考生务必在答题纸上用钢笔或圆珠笔清楚填写姓名、准考证号。

答案必须全部写在答题纸上，写在试卷上一律不给分。

第Ⅰ卷 (共60分)一、选择题：（每小题2分，共60分，每题只有一个正确答案）1．在下列生理状态下，细胞内自由水与结合水比值增加的是----------( ) A．细胞衰老 B．作物越冬 C．种子萌发 D．细胞质壁分离2．法国科学家发现，玉米、烟草等植物含有类似人体血红蛋白的基因，加入铁原子，就可以制造出人的血红蛋白，从而可由植物提供医疗上所需要的人体血液。

下列有关说法正确的是------------( )A．血红蛋白属于人体内环境成分 B．Fe是构成血红蛋白的必需元素C．Fe2+能调节红细胞内的渗透压 D．Fe2+是细胞外液的主要阳离子3．大蒜常用分开后的蒜瓣插入泥土进行繁殖，这是-------------（）A．营养生殖B．有性生殖C．出芽生殖D．分裂生殖4．下列关于乙型肝炎病毒的说法正确的是---------------------（）A．能在人体血浆中增殖 B．不能寄生在呼吸道黏膜细胞中C．核酸中含5种含氮碱基 D．蛋白质由自身的核糖体合成5．某多肽的分子式为C42H65N11O9，它彻底水解后只得到以下3种氨基酸，此多肽中含有的赖氨酸个数为-----------------------------------------------（）A．2个 B．3个 C．5个 D．8个6．给某种蔬菜施含放射性同位素15N的氮肥，植物吸收后主要用于合成蛋白质。

人食用该种蔬菜后，通过代谢，15N最终出现在---------------------------（）A．氨基酸 B．尿素 C．氨 D．蛋白质7．对流行性腮腺炎的研究发现：病原体能够通过细菌过滤器，用RNA水解酶处理后失去感染性；该病主要通过飞沫传播，危害性很大；接种疫苗是预防该病最行之有效的方法。

上海市青浦区2015届高三上学期期末学业质量调研测试（一模）(A)During the summer days my mother built her fire in the shadow of our cabin. In the early morning our simple breakfast (25) (spread) upon the grass. The morning meal was our quiet hour. At noon, several (26) chanced to be passing by stopped to rest, and to share our luncheon with us. I loved (27) (well) the evening meal, for that was the time old stories were told.I was always glad when the sun hung low in the west, for then my mother sent me to invite the neighboring old people to eat supper with us. "Yes, yes, gladly, gladly I shall come!" each replied. My mission done, I ran back, (28) (skip) and jumping with delight.At the arrival of our guests I sat close to my mother, and did not leave her side. I ate my supper in quiet, listening patiently to the talk of the old people, wishing all the time that they would begin the stories. At last, when I (29) not wait any longer, I whispered in my mother's ear, "(30) them totell an Iktomi story, mother."Then my mother said aloud, "My little daughter is anxious to hear your stories." As each in turn began to tell a legend, I pillowed my head in my mother's lap; and lying flat upon my back, I watched (31)stars one by one. The increasing interest of the tale aroused me, and I sat up eagerly listening for every word. The old women made funny remarks, and laughed so heartily (32) I could not help joining them.(B)The 43rd U.S. president George W. Bush stepped back into the spotlight when a library and museum dedicated to him opened to the public on May 1. the George W. Bush Presidential Library and Museum is dedicated (33) the campus of Southern Methodist University in Dallas, Texas. The library and muse um is plentiful with exhibits on the historical events. “About 3000,000 visitors (34) (expect)”,said the library and museum spokesman.Presidential libraries are not libraries in the traditional sense. People cannot go to the George W. Bush Presidential library (35) (check) out a book. They are facilities that preserve documents and items of a president and his act of governing. (36) is preserved at a presidential library is available to the public to see and study because presidential libraries are public property (37) (belong) to the American people.The Presidential library system began in 1939 when President Franklin Roosevelt ,during(38) second term in office, donated his personal and presidential papers to the government. Up until that point, presidential papers were destroyed, sold for profit, ruined by poor storage conditions, (39) were simply lost to the history.Roosevelt believed that presidential documents were an important pa rt of the nation‟s heritage. He also donated a potion of his estate in Hyde PARK, New York, (40) his library and museum would be built. This began a tradition that would carry on with every president that followed.Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.It's the customary bedtime practice every parent would feel fearful----being asked to read the same book for many times. But while the 41 repetition might be boring for mum or dad, it is the best way for toddlers to learn new words, according to research.The findings suggest parents are wasting money by spending a fortune on huge book collections in the hope they will inspire their little ones. Instead, a small selection of favourites such as The Very Hungry Caterpillar or The Gruffalo will 42 far more.Dr Jessica Horst, of the University of Sussex‟s WORD Lab devised an experiment to check how quickly three-year-olds could recognize and 43 six new words. The children were visited three times in a week. One group heard the same story three times back-to-back each time and another was read three 44 stories. All had the same amount of new words which appeared the same 45 of times.When researchers returned a week later, they found the children who heard the same story over and over had 46 learned 3.6 of the new words. While those 47 to a variety of stories remembered only 2.6.They also noted the …repetition‟ group learned at a faster rate than those in the …48 ‟ group.Dr Horst said: …We are showing that less is more, to a point. And,49 , the more times you read to a child and the more books you have will help them. But you don‟t need to go crazy and buy every single Thomas the Tank Engine book. Reading the same books over and over again helps.‟Speaking of the 50 studies, we have found one in three don‟t read to their children before putting them to bed. Yet 30 minutes of one-on-one literacy sessions can improve reading age by nearly two years in less than five months.Seven-year-old Jordan Lisle, in Mill Valley, California, joined his family at a packed after-hours school event last month aimed at inspiring anew interest: computer programming.The event was part of a national educational ___51____ in computer coding instruction that is growing at Internet speeds. Since December, 20,000 teachers from kindergarten through 12th grade have___52_____ coding lessons, according to , a group backed by the techindustry that offer s free curriculums. ___53_____, some 30 school districts have agreed to addcoding classes in the fall. And policy makers innine states have begun awarding the same ___54____ for co mputer science classes that they do for basic math and science courses, rather than treating them as optional courses.It is a remarkable change for computer science. Smartphones and apps are commonplace now,and engineering careers are __55____. To many parents, coding looks more like a basiclife skill, one that might someday __56____ a great job or even instant riches.The spread of coding instruction, ___57____ just new, is “never known—there‟s never been a move this fast in education,” said Elliot Soloway, a professor of education and computerscience at th e University of Michigan. He sees it as very positive, ___58____ inspiring studentsto develop a new passion, perhaps the way that teaching frog dissection (解剖) may inspire future surgeons and biologists.But the exposure to early coding comes with __59__, too. It is not clear that teaching basiccompute r science in grade school will beget future jobs or encourage __60___ creativity andlogical thinking. And particularly foryounger children, Dr. Soloway said, the activity is more like a video game, but not likely to impart actual pr ogramming skills. A coding curriculum, ___61___ by Code. Org., combines basic instruction with videogames involving Angry Birds and hungry zombies.The lessons do not __62____ traditional computer l anguage. Rather, they use simple wordcommands — like “move forward” or “turn right”— that children can click on and move around, to ___63____ an Angry Bird to capture a pig.The movement comes with no shortage of “we‟re changing the world” marketing passion from Silicon Valley.“This is strategically ___64____for the economy of the United States,” said JohnPearce, a tec hnology businessman who has started a nonprofit, MV Gate, with Jeff Leane, to bring youth and family coding courses developed by to MillValley.Parents love the idea of giving children something to do with computers that they see as____65___, Mr. Pearce said.“I can‟t take my kid playing one more hour of video games, but if the children are exploring coding, I tell him I can live with that all night long.”51. A. temptation B. movement C. motion D. proposition52. A. introduced B. appealed C. recognized D. calculated53. A. In addition B. However C. Therefore D. Thus54. A. rewards B. prizes C. credits D. funds55. A. costly B. critical C. insecure D. hot56. A. result from B. work out C. pick up D. lead to57. A. before B. while C. when D. after58. A. virtually B. extensively C. potentially D. annoyingly59. A. warnings B. responsibility C. admission D. compliments60. A. superior B. inferior C. fiercer D. broader61. A. collected B. developed C. mentioned D. sacrificed62. A. declare B. cover C. call D. deepen63. A. forbid B. resist C. urge D. direct64. A. sensible B. reliable C. significant D. common65. A. efficient B. measurable C. productive D. stableSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.66. Of the four books mentioned above, who are the creators of the poems?A. Andrew Motion and Liz BerryB. Liz Berry and Ruth PadelC. Anthony and Ben HoldenD. Ruth Padel and Ben Holden67. Which of the following statements is true?A. Students aged 14 to 18 can choose a poem from Black Country to take part in a competition.B. Liz Berry can change the unpleasant Brummie accent into a beautiful song.C. Men will cry after they read the poems written by 100 distinguished persons.D. You will read personal perspectives in Poems That Make Grown Men Cry.68. My cousin is obsessed with poetry of different kinds, so my first choice as a gift for him would be ______.A. Learning to Make an Oud in NazarethB. Black CountryC. Poetry by HeartD. Poems that Make Grown Men Cry69. Which of the four books may probably give the people living in psychological suffering comfort and relief?A. Poems that Make Grown Men CryB. Poetry by HeartC. Black CountryD. Learning to Make an Oud in Nazareth(B)Emergency rooms (ER) are supposed to cure people but Dr. John Stemgold wonders if working in an ER in Willits made him sick. The ER was downwind of the Remco chrome plant. “I used to sit facing that window and kind of daydream out the window, looking at Remco, looking at the fog coming out of there. Then I would c ough and cough.” Stemgold said.What Dr.Stemgold didn‟t know was that Remco was flowing out Chromium VI into the air--- a chemical known to cause cancer and breathing problems in humans. A recent state health department study found that people who were in Willits when Remco was in operation from 1964 to 1995 are at higher risk for cancer because of Chromium VI exposure.Today Dr.Stemgold has lots of time to play his guitar. It turns out he has a form of breathing difficulty. Hospital chemicals cau se coughing so violently that he‟s broken bones and it‟s cost him his career. Others in this town believe the Chromium has made them sick, too, and their families. Actually, Chromium VI was classified as a carcinogen , a cancer-causing substance, thirty years ago, Twenty years ago, a group of state scientific specialists found no exposure level below which carcinogen effects would not have some probability of occurring. Still, Remco was allowed to flow out Chromium VI into the air.In the battle to balance public health and a healthy economy, laws often favor business, Alan Ramo is a professor of law at Golden Gate University. “There is a real drive to make money, to have employment. When there‟s a real job that‟s available and a theoretical risk of a c hemical, jobs win out, business wins out.”And chemicals are allowed to flood the marketplace and the government requires strict testing before any drugs can be sold. But the vast majority of industrial chemicals are put into use little testing of any kind Chemicals that people like us, you and me might be exposed to. Marilyn Underwood is with California state health department. “ You need to have the convincing evidence that something is bad to then start regulating it.” However, in most cases, chemic als are not tested until someone reports the abnormal, unnatural condition of the environment in general.“I think that if people really knew what really goes on with environmental protection I think they would be shocked and they should be.” Says Professor Ramo. “It might be valuable for other people to know what has happened to me, not for me but for them.” He said “because they might be in a similar situation because of where they work.”70. What happened to the people who lived in Willits from 1964-1995?A. most of them were forced to move away.B. They earn a lot of fortune from the factory or the profit it brought about.C. employees from local area all got sick and lost their jobs at the plant.D. They have a greater chance of having severe disease.71. What can we infer from the scientists‟ finding twenty years ago?A. Chromium VI surroundings help surgeons have more casual life.B. More skillful and capable doctors were needed.C. There is no safe level of Chromium VI exposure.D. A group of scientists were trying proper ways to solve the problems.72. When are new chemicals for industry tested?A. When they make smog-forming gases.B. When some problem is noticed.C. Ten years after they are first used.D. When the plant faces collapse.73. One of the important issues in the story is______.A. The dangers of emergency rooms that create health problem downwind.B. Doctors prescribing too many drugs.C. The battle to balance public health and a healthy economyD. Why scientists restricted chemical, like Chromium VI(C)The vast majority of fitness trackers count your steps and are worn around the wrist, but now there‟s a device that‟s designed to be worn like a necklace and monitors tiny movements to improve your posture.The Fineck device aims to address neck pain by tracking tiny movement, spotting bad habits and suggesting exercises via an accompanying app. Made from silicone(硅)and titanium(钛), Fineck monitors a wearer‟s movement, balance, posture and movement thanks to sensors inside. The Mount ain View California-based firm says that a high percentage of people suffer from neck pain and associated problems, probably caused by more individuals doing office jobs, which generally involve leaning over computer keyboard.The device contains sensors, several different types of instruments to monitor movement, plus a monitor to shake. It connects to an iOS app via Bluetooth so that wearers can see their bad habits and play “neck training” games. The app warns of health risks and records a user‟s activi ty to build up a customer personal health description. The necklace shakes to give smart advice, such as reminding wearers to sit up straight. The app also allows users to set goals, like many other wearables do. “Fineck is the first wearable device for your neck that tracks your neck activity and warn you when you are in a bad posture for too long. You can also exercise your neck with Fineck‟s interactive games.” The company writes on Kickstarter. “No matter where you are and what you are doing at office, on the go, or simply just feeling bored, Fineck will bring you enriched exercise experience through motion sensing games and therapies.”It also claims that it is “the world‟s first titanium wearable device”. The metal is widely used in fashion stuff that you can wear or carry to match your clothes because it is lightweight, durable and does not tend to cause allergic(过敏的)reactions. It also offers additional features such as shaking to indicate alerts on a user‟s smartphone, but it is not currently clear whether it can also be used like bands, to count step s, and so on.The Fineck has a battery life of around seven days and takes one hour to charge. It is available to pre-order via Kickstarter from ＄69(￡44)and is due to ship in March next year.74. What helps the Fineck device to deal with neck pain?A. An accompanying app.B. A necklaceC. Computer keyboard.D. A remote control75. Besides allowiong people to set goals, the iOS app also_____.A. improves your posture and suggests exercisesB. exercise your neck and does office jobsC. alerts you to health risk and records your activityD. counts your steps and addresses neck pain76. Which of the following statements is true?A. The Fineck takes an hour to charge and is available at any time.B. Movie stars like to wear necklace made of silicone to match their clothes.C. The device count the steps to help wearers to see their bad habits.D. Neck-ache is something caused by using computers too much.77. We can infer from the passage that the Fineck device will_____.A. actually not cause allergic reactions.B. enrich your life by providing “neck training” gamesC. monitor a wearer‟s movement due to the material it is made ofD. help to correct your improper posturesSection CDirections: Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words.The one place you really don‟t want to be on weekend is in hospital. Last week, it was revealed in the research by Guy‟s and St Thomas‟ hospital in London, that stroke patients admitted on a Saturday or Sun day are up to 16 percent more likely to die .Meanwhile , a report earlier this year from NHS England found that all patients are 12 percent more likely to die if admitted to hospital at the weekend ------this was because fewer senior staff were available and there was a lack of access to key physical examination tests, such as scans.But even if you‟re not in hospital, weekends can be a health danger. You might have thought it was your chance to recover after a hard week ,but as we reveal, while they won‟t kill you, weekends may be bad for your health.Headaches can occur more often at the weekend--------especially on a Saturday-------because of a chance in our routine, suggests Dr Andy Dowson, director of headache services at King‟s College Hospit al, London. He says:” if you are used to eating at a certain time of day or getting up and falling asleep at the same time, not continuing in the normal way at the weekend can cause headaches as your body and brain try to adjust to irregular meals or having a lie-in.” one theory is that the hypot halamus is very sensitive to any change in the body‟s routine.Caffeine withdrawal may be another factor, if you usually drink three or four cups of tea or coffee on week days to help you concentrate at work, but don‟t at the weekend, your body can go into withdrawal . it‟s thought caffeine also influences the chemical messenger that widens blood vessels in the brain----without it, these vessels narrow again, triggering a headache.Lying on the sofa in front of TV for hours watching your favorites after a week of running around can make heartburn worse----or even cause it to happen, as sitting with the head and shoulders bent forward puts pressure on the stomach, forcing acid up the gullet, the tube through which food passes from the mouth to the stomach, say Steven Mann, a gastroenterologist at the Royal Free London Trust.Acid reflux can also become a problem at the weekend you cannot bear because of less regular meal times as a result of late nights and lie-ins, explains Dr Mann. And having a take away could be the final straw. “ Oily, fatty food stimulates acid production, which can also cause problems such as heartburn and overflowing with the food.”Dr Mann adds.(note: Answer the question or complete the statements in NOT MORE THAN TWELVE WORDS)78. besides fewer staff available, why are weekend patients admitted to hospitals more likely to die?79. what are the two factors which may cause headaches?80. A headache sometimes occurs when blood vessels narrow for lack of ___________________________________________81. we can infer from the passage that the final straw in the last paragraph means___________________________________.第Ⅱ卷(共47分)Translation.1.这项慈善基金的设立旨在中国推广青山年足球。

上海市青浦区2015届高三上学期期末学业质量调研测试（一模）生命科学试题本卷分为Ⅰ卷和Ⅱ卷选择题与简答题两部分，全卷共12页。

满分150分。

考试时间为120分钟。

答题前，考生务必在答题纸上用钢笔或圆珠笔清楚填写姓名、考号。

答案必须全部写在答题纸上，写在试卷上一律不给分。

多选题答全得2分，答一个、错答均不得分。

第Ⅰ卷 (共60分)一、选择题：（每小题2分，共60分，每题只有一个正确答案）1、下列物质或结构具有相同元素组成的是（）A、胰岛素与生长素B、噬菌体的衣壳与HIV的包膜C、植物细胞的核糖体和细胞壁D、染色后水绵细胞上深紫蓝色颗粒与棕黄色结构2、长期过量摄入脂溶性维生素时（）A．以原形从尿中排出 B．经代谢分解后全部排出体外C．在体内贮存备用 D．导致体内贮存过多引起中毒3、关于图示生物化学反应说法正确的是（）A、物质A不可能在细胞核中合成B、图示反应不可能属于非特异性免疫C、图示反应不可能有水的产生D、物质B不可能是麦芽糖4、以下不能体现细胞膜结构特点的是（）A、蛋白质的消化吸收B、动物细胞有丝分裂C、突触传递D、植物细胞质壁分离5、如图1~4为表示物质浓度或氧气浓度与物质跨膜运输速度间关系的曲线图。

下列相关叙述，不正确的是 ( )图1 图2 图3 图4A、如某物质跨膜运输的速度可用图1与3表示，则该物质不应为葡萄糖B、如某物质跨膜运输的速度可用图2与3表示，则该物质可能是葡萄糖C 、限制图中A 、C 两点的运输速度的主要因素不同，B 、D 两点的限制因素有共同点 D 、将图2与4的曲线补充完整，曲线的起点应从坐标系的原点开始6、下列关于生物实验的描述，正确的是 （ ） A ．用纸层析法分离菠菜滤液中的色素时，橙黄色的色素带距离滤液细线最远 B ．在观察牛蛙的脊髓反射现象实验中，环割脚趾皮肤的目的是破坏效应器 C ．探究酵母菌的呼吸方式可以用是否产生二氧化碳来确定 D ．鉴定蛋白质需要的试剂是NaOH 和CuSO 4溶液，并加热至沸腾7、关于下列实验图的叙述中，正确的是 （ ） A ．经图①所示操作后，显微镜可见细胞内液泡体积逐渐变小，颜色逐渐变深 B ．若要看清图②中处于分生区的细胞，应将装片适当向右移动 C ．图③中将物镜由甲转换成乙，则视野中观察到的细胞的数目增多D ．图④是利用样方法调查某植物的种群密度，此样方内该植物种群密度为3株/m 28、下图1表示温度对酶促反应速率的影响，图2表示酶促反应生成物量与时间的关系，图2中实线是在图1温度a 时的生成量。

上海黄浦区2014学年度第一学期高三年级期终调研测试生命科学试卷 2015-1-8（完卷时间120分钟，满分150分）考生注意：①本试卷分为第Ⅰ卷和第Ⅱ卷两部分。

全卷共12页。

②考生应将答案写在答题纸上，试卷上答题一律无效。

第I 卷 (共60分)一、单选题(每题2分，共60分。

每小题只有一个正确选项)1.关于细胞内外K ＋、Na ＋和Cl －的叙述，错误的是…………………………………………（ ）A ．Na ＋与神经细胞膜上兴奋传导有关B ．人体血浆中K ＋的浓度比红细胞中的高C ．神经细胞静息电位形成的主要原因是K ＋外流D ．Na ＋和Cl －是形成哺乳动物血浆渗透压的主要物质2.有关右图中蛋白质的叙述，正确的是……………………………………………………（ ） A ．形成该蛋白质时共脱掉125个水分子 B ．共有126个肽键 C ．R 基中共含17个氨基 D ．含有两条肽链3.如图甲、乙、丙表示某动物细胞中的不同化合物,下列叙述正确的是……………………（ ）A.核糖核苷酸是构成物质甲的单体B.物质甲为该生物的主要遗传物质C.可用苏丹Ⅲ染液来鉴定物质乙D.物质丙构成生物膜的基本骨架5.在生物体内，下列生理活动只能单向进行的是…………………………………………（ ） A ．质壁分离过程中水分子的扩散 B ．生长素在胚芽鞘中的极性运输 C ．肝细胞中糖原与葡萄糖的转化 D ．活细胞内ATP 与ADP 的转化图1图26.细胞代谢受酶的调节和控制。

下列叙述正确的是………………………………………（ ） A ．激素都是通过影响靶细胞内酶活性来调节细胞代谢B ．代谢的终产物可反馈调节相关酶活性，进而调节代谢速率C ．同一个体各种体细胞酶的种类相同、数量不同，代谢不同D ．对于一个细胞来说，酶的种类和数量不会发生变化7.将竖直放置的水绵和某种好氧细菌的混合溶液放在暗处,白光透过三棱镜照在混合液处,一段时间后,好氧细菌的分布情况最可能是…………………………………………………（ ）A.随机、均匀分布在混合液中B.集中分布在上下两端C.集中分布在中央位置D.集中分布在溶液的下层8.在温度、光照等适宜条件下，将消毒后有生活力的小麦种子一直浸没在无菌水中，会使种子死亡。

图1浦东新区2015学年第一学期期末质量抽测高三生命科学试卷本试卷分为第Ⅰ卷和第Ⅱ卷两部分，满分150分。

考试时间为120分钟。

请将所有答案写在答题纸上，否则不给分第Ⅰ卷（共60分）一、选择题（共60分，每小题2分。

每小题只有一个正确答案）1．下列物质中含有磷元素的是………………………………………………………………（ ）A ．抗体B ．核糖核酸C ．甘油三酯D ．纤维素2．疟疾是由蚊子传播的传染病，其传播途径属于…………………………………………（ ）A ．空气传播B ．接触传播C ．媒介物传播D ．病媒传播3．下列关于生物类别的叙述正确的是………………………………………………………（ ）A ．颤藻和衣藻都是原核生物B ．酵母菌和草履虫都是真核生物C ．肺炎双球菌和霉菌都是细菌D ．衣原体和噬菌体都属于病毒4．下列以洋葱为材料的实验现象与实际观察不符合．．．的是………………………………………（ ）A ．鳞茎表皮细胞经碘液染色后，能观察到棕黄色的细胞核B ．根尖分生区经龙胆紫染色后，能观察到染色体C ．质壁分离实验时调小光圈，能观察到鳞茎表皮细胞中透明的细胞核D ．放大100倍目镜测微尺测得表皮细胞长4格，则放大400倍其长为1格5．决定反射时间长短的主要因素是…………………………………………………………（ ）A ．刺激强度B ．感受器C ．突触数目D ．效应器6．下列过程不能．．体现细胞膜结构特点的是…………………………………………………（ ） A ．CO 2进入叶肉细胞 B ．动物细胞有丝分裂 C ．突触传递D ．植物细胞质壁分离7．图1表示细胞代谢中某种酶与其底物、产物的关系，其中酶分子上的变构位点与某种物质结合后能改变酶的空间结构。

下列相关叙述错误．．的是……………………………………（ ）A ．图1中，酶1所催化的反应属于合成反应B ．酶1有两种底物且能与产物B 结合，说明酶1不具有专一性C ．酶1与产物B 结合后无活性，可避免产物A 过多图5D ．酶1与产物B 结合后无活性，说明酶的功能由其空间结构决定8．紫硫细菌的光合作用过程中用H 2S 代替了H 2O ，下列相关叙述正确的是……………（ ）A ．H 2S 为暗反应提供能量B ．H 2S 被分解为硫分子、电子和氧C ．H 2S 在光合作用中接受电子D ．H 2S 被分解为H +、电子和硫9．图2表示人体内主要能源物质氧化分解的途径，其中X 、Y 、M 、N 表示物质。

松江区2014学年度第一学期期末质量监控试卷高三生命科学（满分150分，完卷时间120分钟） 2015.1考生注意：1．本考试分设试卷和答题纸。

试卷包括两部分，第一部分全部为选择题，第二部分为综合题，包括填空题、选择题和简答题等题型。

2．答题前，务必在答题纸上用钢笔、圆珠笔清楚填写姓名、准考证号。

作答必须涂或写在答题纸上，在试卷上作答一律不得分。

选择题的作答必须涂在答题纸上相应的区域，综合题的作答必须用钢笔、圆珠笔写在答题纸上与试卷题号对应的位置。

一．选择题（共60分，每小题2分。

每小题只有一个正确答案）1．下列藻类中属于原核生物的是A ．甲藻B ．衣藻C ．颤藻D ．硅藻2．下列有关病毒的叙述，正确的是A ．植物病毒为DNA 病毒，动物病毒既含有DNA 又含有RNAB ．病毒的衣壳决定了病毒抗原特异性C ．病毒一般要在人工培养基上培养D ．一种病毒一般可以同时感染动物细胞和植物细胞3．如图所示：甲图中①②表示目镜，③④表示物镜，⑤⑥表示物镜与载玻片之间的距离，乙和丙分别表示不同物镜下观察到的图像。

下面描述正确的是A ．①比②放大倍数大，③比④放大倍数小B ．把视野里的标本从图中的乙转为丙时，应选用③，同时提升镜筒C ．从乙转为丙，正确的调节顺序：转动转换器→调节光圈→移动标本→转动细调节器D ．若使物像放大倍数最大，甲图中的组合一般是②③⑤4．tRNA 具有转运氨基酸的功能，右图tRNA 携带的氨基酸是（各选项括号中的内容为相应氨基酸的密码子）A ．精氨酸（CGC ）B ．丙氨酸（GCG ）C ．甘氨酸（GGC ）D ．脯氨酸（CCG ） 5．请指出下列哪一项不．是数量性状 A ．人的高矮 B ．成熟豌豆的株高 C ．玉米的穗长D ．奶牛的泌乳量6．下列三种生物学现象产生的机理依次属于 ① 给小白鼠注射一定量的胰岛素后，小白鼠休克② 当细菌进入人体后，机体产生特异性的抗体与之结合，从而抑制细菌繁殖 ③ 小猪听到主人“噜噜”叫声就奔向主人A ．体液调节、免疫调节、反射B ．反射、体液免疫、激素调节C ．体液调节、过敏反应、反射D ．反射、自身免疫、体液调节7．相对细菌和植物细胞而言，动物细胞离体培养更需关注培养基的渗透压，这是因为动物细胞A ．没有细胞壁，对培养基的渗透压更敏感C G CB ．渗透压远高于细菌或植物细胞的渗透压C ．没有成熟大液泡，渗透压调节能力差D ．生长缓慢，各生长阶段对环境的渗透压要求不同8．关于人体内水和无机盐平衡调节的叙述中，正确的是A ．血浆渗透压降低时，引起口渴B ．抗利尿激素使肾小管细胞重吸收能力减弱C ．机体失水时，抗利尿激素分泌减少D ．抗利尿激素使肾小管细胞吸水能力增强9．真核细胞具有一些能显著增大膜面积、有利于酶的附着以提高代谢效率的结构。

黄浦区2014学年度第一学期高三年级期终调研测试生命科学试卷 2015-1-8（完卷时间120分钟，满分150分）考生注意：①本试卷分为第Ⅰ卷和第Ⅱ卷两部分。

全卷共12页。

②考生应将答案写在答题纸上，试卷上答题一律无效。

第I 卷 (共60分)一、单选题(每题2分，共60分。

每小题只有一个正确选项)1.关于细胞内外K ＋、Na ＋和Cl －的叙述，错误的是…………………………………………（ ） A ．Na ＋与神经细胞膜上兴奋传导有关 B ．人体血浆中K ＋的浓度比红细胞中的高 C ．神经细胞静息电位形成的主要原因是K ＋外流 D ．Na ＋和Cl －是形成哺乳动物血浆渗透压的主要物质2.有关右图中蛋白质的叙述，正确的是……………………………………………………（ ） A ．形成该蛋白质时共脱掉125个水分子 B ．共有126个肽键 C ．R 基中共含17个氨基 D ．含有两条肽链3.如图甲、乙、丙表示某动物细胞中的不同化合物,下列叙述正确的是………………（ ）A.核糖核苷酸是构成物质甲的单体B.物质甲为该生物的主要遗传物质C.可用苏丹Ⅲ染液来鉴定物质乙D.物质丙构成生物膜的基本骨架4.下表为四种不同细胞的比较结果，正确的是……………………………………………（ ）图1图25.在生物体内，下列生理活动只能单向进行的是…………………………………………（ ） A ．质壁分离过程中水分子的扩散 B ．生长素在胚芽鞘中的极性运输 C ．肝细胞中糖原与葡萄糖的转化 D ．活细胞内ATP 与ADP 的转化6.细胞代谢受酶的调节和控制。

下列叙述正确的是………………………………………（ ） A ．激素都是通过影响靶细胞内酶活性来调节细胞代谢 B ．代谢的终产物可反馈调节相关酶活性，进而调节代谢速率 C ．同一个体各种体细胞酶的种类相同、数量不同，代谢不同 D ．对于一个细胞来说，酶的种类和数量不会发生变化7.将竖直放置的水绵和某种好氧细菌的混合溶液放在暗处,白光透过三棱镜照在混合液处,一段时间后,好氧细菌的分布情况最可能是………………………………………………（ ）A.随机、均匀分布在混合液中B.集中分布在上下两端C.集中分布在中央位置D.集中分布在溶液的下层8.在温度、光照等适宜条件下，将消毒后有生活力的小麦种子一直浸没在无菌水中，会使种子死亡。