2012年9月公共英语二级试题及答案

2012年考研英语(二)真题及答案Section 1 Use of EninglishDirections :Millions of Americans and foreigners see GI.Joe as a mindless war toy ,the symbol o f American military adventurism, but that‘s not how it used to be .To the men and wome n who 1 )in World War II and the people they liberated ,the GI.was the 2) man grown i nto hero ,the pool farm kid torn away from his home ,the guy who 3) all the burdens of battle ,who slept in cold foxholes,who went without the 4) of food and shelter ,who stuc k it out and drove back the Nazi reign of murder .this was not a volunteer soldier ,not s omeone well paid ,5) an average guy ,up 6 )the best trained ,best equipped ,fiercest ,most brutal enemies seen in centuries.His name is not much.GI. is just a military abbreviation 7) Government Issue ,and it was on all of the article 8) to soldiers .And Joe? A common name for a guy who never 9) it to the top .Joe Blow ,Joe Magrac …a working class name.The United States has 1 0) had a president or vicepresident or secretary of state Joe.GI .joe had a (11)career fighting German ,Japanese , and Korean troops . He appers as a character ,or a (12 ) of american personalities, in the 1945 movie The Story of GI. Joe, based on the last days of war correspondent Ernie Pyle. Some of the soldiers Pyle(13) portrayde themselves in the film. Pyle was famous for covering the (14)side of the warl, writing about the dirt-snow –and-mud soldiers, not how many miles were(15)or what town s were cap tured or liberated, His reports(16)the ―willie‖ cartoons of famed Stars and Strip es artist Bill Maulden. Both men(17)the dirt and exhaustion of war, the (18)of civilizationthat the soldiers shared with each other and the civilians: coffee, tobacco, whiskey, shelte r, sleep. (19)Egypt, France, and a dozen more countries, G.I. Joe was any American soldi er,(20)the most important person in their lives.1.[A] performed [B]served [C]rebelled [D]betrayed2.[A] actual [B]common [C]special [D]normal3.[A]bore [B]cased [C]removed [D]loaded4.[A]necessities [B]facilitice [C]commodities [D]propertoes5.[A]and [B]nor [C]but [D]hence6.[A]for [B]into [C] form [D]against7.[A]meaning [B]implying [C]symbolizing [D]claiming8.[A]handed out [B]turn over [C]brought back [D]passed down9.[A]pushed [B]got [C]made [D]managed10.[A]ever [B]never [C]either [D]neither11.[A]disguised [B]disturbed [C]disputed [D]distinguished12.[A]company [B]collection [C]community [D]colony13.[A]employed [B]appointed [C]interviewed [D]questioned14.[A]ethical [B]military [C]political [D]human15.[A]ruined [B]commuted [C]patrolled [D]gained16.[A]paralleled [B]counteracted [C]duplicated [D]contradicted17.[A]neglected [B]avoided [C]emphasized [D]admired18.[A]stages [B]illusions [C]fragments [D]advancea19.[A]With [B]To [C]Among [D]Beyond20.[A]on the contrary [B] by this means [C]from the outset [D]at that pointSection II Resdiong ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. answer the question after each text by choosing A,B,C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.(40 points)Text 1Homework has never been terribly popular with students and even many parents, but in recent years it has been particularly scorned. School districts across the country, most r ecently Los Angeles Unified, are revising their thinking on his educational ritual. Unfortun ately, L.A. Unified has produced an inflexible policy which mandates that with the excepti on of some advanced courses, homework may no longer count for more than 10% of a st udent‘s academic grade.This rule is meant to address the difficulty that students from impoverished or chaotic homes might have in completing their homework. But the policy is unclear and contradic tory. Certainly, no homework should be assigned that students cannot do without expensiv e equipment. But if the district is essentially giving a pass to students who do not do the ir homework because of complicated family lives, it is going riskily close to the implicati on that standards need to be lowered for poor children.District administrators say that homework will still be a pat of schooling: teachers are allowed to assign as much of it as they want. But with homework counting for no more than 10% of their grades, students can easily skip half their homework and see vey little difference on their report cards. Some students might do well on state tests without com pleting their homework, but what about the students who performed well on the tests and did their homework? It is quite possible that the homework helped. Yet rather than empo wering teachers to find what works best for their students, the policy imposes a flat, acro ss-the-board rule.At the same time, the policy addresses none of the truly thorny questions about hom ework. If the district finds homework to be unimportan t to its students‘ academic achieve ment, it should move to reduce or eliminate the assignments, not make them count for al most nothing. Conversely, if homework does nothing to ensure that the homework students are not assigning more than they are willing to review and correct.The homework rules should be put on hold while the school board, which is responsi ble for setting educational policy, looks into the matter and conducts public hearings. It is not too late for L.A. Unified to do homework right.21.It is implied in paragraph 1 that nowadays homework_____.[A] is receiving more criticism[B]is no longer an educational ritual[C]is not required for advanced courses[D]is gaining more preferences22.L.A.Unified has made the rule about homework mainly because poor students____ _.[A]tend to have moderate expectations for their education[B]have asked for a different educational standard[C]may have problems finishing their homework[D]have voiced their complaints about homework23.According to Paragraph 3,one problem with the policy is that it may____.[A]discourage students from doing homework[B]result in students' indifference to their report cards[C]undermine the authority of state tests[D]restrict teachers' power in education24. As mentioned in Paragraph 4, a key question unanswered about homework is whe ther______. [A] it should be eliminated[B]it counts much in schooling[C]it places extra burdens on teachers[D]it is important for grades25.A suitable title for this text could be______.[A]Wrong Interpretation of an Educational Policy[B]A Welcomed Policy for Poor Students[C]Thorny Questions about Homework[D]A Faulty Approach to HomeworkText2Pretty in pink: adult women do not rememer being so obsessed with the colour, yet i t is pervasive in our young girls‘ lives. Tt is not that pink is intrinsically bad, but it is s uch a tiny slice of the rainbow and, though it may celebrate girlhood in one way, it also repeatedly and firmly fuses girls‘ identity to appearance. Then it presents that connection, even among two-year-olds, between girls as not only innocent but as evidence of innocen ce. Looking around, I despaired at the singular lack of imagination about girls‘ lives and interests.Girls‘ attraction to pink may seem unavoidable, somehow encoded in their DNA, but according to Jo Paoletti, an associate professor of American Studies, it is not. Children w ere not colour-coded at all until the early 20th century: in the era before domestic washin g machines all babies wore white as a practical matter, since the only way of getting clothes clean was to boil them. What‘s more, both boys and girls wore what were thought of as gender-neutral dresses.When nursery colours were introduced, pink was actually consid ered the more masculine colour, a pastel version of red, which was associated with strengt h. Blue, with its intimations of the Virgin Mary, constancy and faithfulness, symbolised fe mininity. It was not until the mid-1980s, when amplifying age and sex differences became a dominant children‘s marketing strategy, that pink fully came into its own, when it bega n to seem inherently attractive to girls, part of what defined them as female, at least for t he first few critical years.I had not realised how profoundly marketing trends dictated our perception of what is natural to kins, including our core beliefs about their psychological development. Take th e toddler. I assumed that phase was something experts developed after years of research i n to children‘s behaviour: wrong. Turns out, acdording to Daniel Cook, a historian of child hood consumerism, it was popularised as a marketing trick by clothing manufacrurers in t he 1930s.Trade publications counselled department stores that, in order to increase sales, they s hould create a ―third stepping stone‖ between infant wear and older kids‘ clothes. Tt was only after ―toddler‖became a common shoppers‘ term that it evolved into a br oadly accept ed developmental stage. Splitting kids, or adults,into ever-tinier categories has proved a sur e-fire way to boost profits. And one of the easiest ways to segment a market is to magni fy gender differences –or invent them where they did not previously exist.26.By saying "it is...the rainbow"(Line 3, Para.1),the author means pink______.[A]should not be the sole representation of girlhood[B]should not be associated with girls' innocence[C]cannot explain girls' lack of imagination[D]cannot influence girls' lives and interests27.According to Paragraph 2, which of the following is true of colours?[A]Colours are encoded in girls' DNA.[B]Blue used to be regarded as the colour for girls.[C]Pink used to be a neutral colour in symbolising genders.[D]White is prefered by babies.28.The author suggests that our perception of children's psychological development wa s much influenced by_____.[A]the marketing of products for children[B]the observation of children's nature[C]researches into children's behavior[D]studies of childhood consumption29.We may learn from Paragraph 4 that department stores were advised to_____.[A]focus on infant wear and older kids' clothes[B]attach equal importance to different genders[C]classify consumers into smaller groups[D]create some common shoppers' terms30.It can be concluded that girls' attraction to pink seems to be____.[A] clearly explained by their inborn tendency[B]fully understood by clothing manufacturers[C] mainly imposed by profit-driven businessmen[D]well interpreted by psychological expertsText3In2010.afederaljudgeshookAmerica'panieshadwonpatentsforis olatedDNAfordecades-by2005some20%ofhumangeneswereparented.ButinMarch2010ajudgeruledt hatgeneswereunpatentable.Executiveswereviolentlyagitated.TheBiotechnologyIndustryOrganisatio n(BIO),atradegroup,assuredmembersthatthiswasjusta―preliminarystep‖inalongerbattle.OnJuly29ththeywererelieved,atleasttemporarily.Afederalappealscourtoverturnedthepriordecis ion,rulingthatMyriadGeneticscouldindeedholbpatentstotwogenssthathelpforecastawoman'sriskofbr eastcancer.ThechiefexecutiveofMyriad,acompanyinUtah,saidtherulingwasablessingtofirmsandpati entsalike.Butascompaniescontinuetheirattemptsatpersonalisedmedicine,thecourtswillremainratherbusy. TheMyriadcaseitselfisprobablynotoverCriticsmakethreemainargumentsagainstgenepatents:ageneis aproductofnature,soitmaynotbepatented;genepatentssuppressinnovationratherthanrewardit;andpate nts'monopoliesrestrictaccesstogenetictestssuchasMyriad'styearafederaltask-forceurgedreformforpatentsrelatedtogenetictests.InOctobertheDepartmentofJusticefile dabriefintheMyriadcase,arguingthatanisolatedDNAmolecule―isnolessaproductofnature...thanarecot tonfibres thathavebeenseparatedfromcottonseeds.‖Despitetheappealscourt'sdecision,bigquestionsremainunanswered.Forexample,itisunclearwhet herthesequencingofawholegenomeviolatesthepatentsofindividualgeneswithinit.Thecasemayyetreac htheSupremeCourt.AS the industry advances ,however,other suits may have an even greater p anies are unlikely to file many more patents for human DNA molecules-most are already patented or in the public domain .firms are now studying how genes intcract,looking for c orrelations tha t might be used to determine the causes of disease or predict a drug‘s effic acy,companies are eager to win patents for ‗connecting the dits‘,expaains hans sauer,alawy er for the BIO.Their success may be determined by a suit related to this issue, brought by the May o Clinic, which the Supreme Court will hear in its next term. The BIO rtcently held a co nvention which included seddions to coach lawyers on the shifting landscape for patents. Each meeting was packed.31.it canbe learned from paragraph I that the biotech companies would like-----A.their executives to be activeB.judges to rule out gene patentingC.genes to be patcntablcD.the BIO to issue a warning32.those who are against gene patents believe that----A.genetic tests are not reliableB.only man-made products are patentableC.patents on genes depend much on innovatiaonD.courts should restrict access to gene tic tests33.according to hans sauer ,companies are eager to win patents for----A.establishing disease comelationsB.discovering gene interactionsC.drawing pictures of genesD.identifying human DNA34.By saying ―each meeting was packed‖(line4,para6)the author means that -----A.the supreme court was authoritativeB.the BIO was a powerful organizationC.gene patenting was a great concernwyers were keen to attend conventiongs35.generally speaking ,the author‘s attitude toward gene patenting is----A.criticalB.supportiveC.scornfulD.objectiveText 4The great recession may be over, but this era of high joblessness is probably beginni ng. Before it ends,it will likely change the life course and character of a generation of young adults. A nd ultimately, it is likely to reshape our politics,our culture, and the character of our soci ety for years.No one tries harder than the jobless to find silver linings in this national economic d isaster. Many said that unemployment, while extremely painful, had improved them in som e ways; they had become less materialistic and more financially prudent; they were more aware of the struggles of others. In limited respects, perhaps the recession will leave socie ty better off. At the very least, it has awoken us from our national fever dream of easy r iches and bigger houses, and put a necessary end to an era of reckless personal spending.But for the most part, these benefits seem thin, uncertain, and far off. In The Moral Consequences of Economic Growth, the economic historian Benjamin Friedman argues that both inside and outside the U.S. ,lengthy periods of economic stagnation or decline have almost always left society more mean-spirited and less inclusive, and have usually stoppe d or reversed the advance of rights and freedoms. Anti-immigrant sentiment typically incre ases, as does conflict between races and classes.Income inequality usually falls during a recession, but it has not shrunk in this one,. Indeed, this period of economic weakness may reinforce class divides, and decrease opport unities to cross them--- especially for young people. The research of Till Von Wachter, th e economist in Columbia University, suggests that not all people graduating into a recessi on see their life chances dimmed: those with degrees from elite universities catch up fairl y quickly to where they otherwise would have been if they had graduated in better times; it is the masses beneath them that are left behind.In the internet age, it is particularly easy to see the resentment that has always been hidden winthin American society. More difficult, in the moment , is discerning precisely h ow these lean tim es are affecting society‘s character. In many respects, the U.S. was more socially tolerant entering this resession than at any time in its history, and a variety of n ational polls on social conflict since then have shown mixed results. We will have to wait and see exactly how these hard times will reshape our social fabric. But they certainly it, and all the more so the longer they extend.36.By saying ―to find silver linings‖(Line 1,Para.2)the author suggest that the jobless try to___.[A]seek subsidies from the govemment[B]explore reasons for the unermployment[C]make profits from the troubled economy[D]look on the bright side of the recession37.According to Paragraph 2,the recession has made people_____.[A]realize the national dream[B]struggle against each other[C]challenge their lifestyle[D]reconsider their lifestyle38.Benjamin Friedman believe that economic recessions may_____.[A]impose a heavier burden on immigrants[B]bring out more evils of human nature[C]Promote the advance of rights and freedoms[D]ease conflicts between races and classes39.The research of Till Von Wachther suggests that in recession graduates from elite universities tend to _____.[A]lag behind the others due to decreased opportunities[B]catch up quickly with experienced employees[C]see their life chances as dimmed as the others‘[D]recover more quickly than the others40.The author thinks that the influence of hard times on society is____.[A]certain[B]positive[C]trivial[D]destructivePart BDirections:Read the following text and answer the questions by finding information from the left column that corresponds to each of the marked details given in the right column. There are two extra choices in the right column. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEERT 1.(10 points)―Universal history, the history of what man has accomplished in this world, is at bot t om the History of the Great Men who have worked here,‖ wrote the Victorian sage Tho mas Carlyle. Well, not any more it is not.Suddenly, Britain looks to have fallen out with its favourite historical form. This coul d be no more than a passing literary craze, but it also points to a broader truth about ho w we now approach the past: less concerned with learning from forefathers and more inte rested in feeling their pain. Today, we want empathy, not inspiration.From the earliest days of the Renaissance, the writing of history meant recounting the exemplary lives of great men. In 1337, Petrarch began work on his rambling writing De Viris Illustribus –On Famous Men, highlighting the virtus (or virtue) of classical heroes. Petrarch celebrated their greatness in conquering fortune and rising to the top. This was t he biographical tradition which Niccolo Machiavelli turned on its head. In The Prince, thechampioned cunning, ruthlessness, and boldness, rather than virtue, mercy and justice, as the skills of successful leaders.Over time, the attributes of greatness shifted. The Romantics commemorated the leadi ng painters and authors of their day, stressing the uniqueness of the artist's personal exper ience rather than public glory. By contrast, the Victorian author Samual Smiles wrote Self -Help as a catalogue of the worthy lives of engineers , industrialists and explores . "The valuable examples which they furnish of the power of self-help, if patient purpose, resolut e working and steadfast integrity, issuing in the formulation of truly noble and many char acter, exhibit,"wrote Smiles."what it is in the power of each to accomplish for himself"His biographies of James Walt, Richard Arkwright and Josiah Wedgwood were held up as be acons to guide the working man through his difficult life.This was all a bit bourgeois for Thomas Carlyle, who focused his biographies on the truly heroic lives of Martin Luther, Oliver Cromwell and Napoleon Bonaparte. These epo chal figures represented lives hard to imitate, but to be acknowledged as possessing higher authority than mere mortals.Communist Manifesto. For them, history did nothing, it possessed no immense wealth nor waged battles:―It is man, real, living man who does all that.‖ And history should be the story of the masses and their record of struggle. As such, it needed to appreciate the economic realities, the social contexts and power relations in which each epoch stood. Fo r:―Men make their own history, but they do not make it just as they please; they do not make it under circumstances chosen by themselves, but under circumstances directly found, given and transmitted from the past.‖This was the tradition which revolutionized our appreciation of the past. In place of Thomas Carlyle, Britain nurtured Christopher Hill, EP Thompson and Eric Hobsbawm. His tory from below stood alongside biographies of great men. Whole new realms of understa nding —from gender to race to cultural studies —were opened up as scholars unpicked the multiplicity of lost societies. And it transformed public history too: downstairs becam e just as fascinating as upstairs.Section III Translation46.Directions:Translate the following text from English into Chinese.Write your translation on ANS WER SHEET2.(15 points)When people in developing countries worry about migration,they are usually concerne d at the prospect of ther best and brightest departure to Silicon Valley or to hospitals anduniversities in the developed world ,These are the kind of workers that countries like Bri tian ,Canada and Australia try to attract by using immigration rules that privilege college graduates .Lots of studies have found that well-educated people from developing countries are p articularly likely to emigrate .A big survey of Indian households in 2004 found that nearl y 40%of emigrants had more than a high-school education,compared with around 3.3%of a ll Indians over the age of 25.This "brain drain "has long bothered policymakers in poor c ountries ,They fear that it hurts their economies ,depriving them of much-needed skilled w orkers who could have taught at their universities ,worked in their hospitals and come up with clever new products for their factories to make .Section IV WritingPart A47.DirectionsSuppose you have found something wrong with the electronic dictionary that you bou ght from an onlin store the other day ,Write an email to the customer service center to1)make a complaint and2)demand a prompt solutionYou should write about 100words on ANSERE SHEET 2Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter ,Use "zhang wei "instead .48、write an essay based on the following table .In your writing you should1)describe the table ,and2)give your commentsYou should write at least 150 words(15points) 某公司员工工作满意度调查完形填空：1.B2.B3.A4.A5.C6.B7.C8.A9.D 10.B11.D 12.B 13.C 14.D 15.B16.A 17.C 18.B 19.B 20.DTEXT1：21. A 22.C 23.A 24.B 25.DTEXT2：26.A 27.B 28.A 29.C 30.CTEXT3：31.C 32.B 33.A 34.D 35.DTEXT4：36.D 37.D 38.B 39.D 40.A新题型：41-45：AFGCE小作文范文：Dear Sir or Madame,As one of the regular customers of your online store, I am writing this letter to exp ress my complaint against the flaws in your product—an electronic dictionary I bought in your shop the other day.The dictionary is supposed to be a favorable tool for my study. Unfortunately, I fou nd that there are several problems. To begin with, when I opened it, I detected that the a ppearance of it had been scratched. Secondly, I did not find the battery promised in the a dvertisement posted on the homepage of your shop, which makes me feel that you have n ot kept your promise. What is worse, some of the keys on the keyboard do not work.I strongly request that a satisfactory explanation be given and effective measures sho uld be taken to improve your service and the quality of your products. You can either se nd a new one to me or refund me my money in full.I am looking forward to your reply at your earliest convenience.Sincerely yours,Zhang Wei1.【答案】B【解析】从空后的句子―他们解放的人们‖可以看出，空前的句子表示的应该是参加了第二次大战的男人和女人。

2012年9月公共英语二级考试真题及答案（文字完整版）[A] I do[B] I know[C] I Wish[D] I agree22. She was so tired that she fell asleep_________in her chair.[A]sitting[B]to sit[C] being sat[D] to have sat23. I would like to say a big thank-you toeveryone_________ has helped to make our meeting a great success![A] which[B] that[C] who[D] whom24. I_________ far too hard today and I'vegot such a headache now.[A] had worked[B] have been working[D] work25. It is difficult to design_________ programthat will meet _________various needs of all our users.[A] the;the[B] a; the[C] /;the[D] /;/26. --Would you mind carrying this book forme for two seconds, please?--Oh_________,[A]go ahead[C]let me see[D]with pleasure27. I think he'd like to stay at home thisevening rather than_________ out.[A] goes[B] going[C] gone[D] go28. Can you hold the bag for me _________ I open the door?[A] because[B] since[C] while[D] for29. The company is losing money and _________have to close down.[A] should[B] would[C] must[D] need30. He is certainly an _________ lawyer butpeople say that he lacks a human touch.[A] official[B] experienced[C] ordinary[D] unknown31, Allen guided us_________ the narrow streets to the station and saidgood-bye to us there.[A] through[B] between[C] into[D] off32. Before going out, Linda_________ aquick look at herself in the mirror on the wall.[A] will be taking[B] was taking[C] had taken[D] took33. The idea of opening a new cinema herewas not wise, as there are two here already, _________ usually half-empty.[A] neither[B]none[C] either[D] both34. It was extremely cold. _________ , it began to snow.[A] To make matters worse[B] After all[C] In any case[D] As a result35. I can't stand around chatting--I've gotthings to do this morning.[A] a million[B] million[C] a million of[D] millions第二节完形填空阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的[A]、[B]、[C]和[D]四个选项中选出能填入相应空白处的选项，并在答题卡1上将该项涂黑。

2010年12月统考真题（2）一、交际英语1.–How much is this necklace? 这条项链多少钱？-___________________.A. It’s very nice.B. It’s a birthday present from my parentsC. It costs fifty pounds 五十英镑。

D. It’s a bargain2. –Does that tea have enough sugar in it? 那杯茶里的糖够吗？-________________.A. Yes, it is. Thank you.B. Yes, it does. Thank you. 够，谢谢。

C. Yes, I will. Thank you.D. Yes, I do. I like it.3. -Thank you for inviting me. 谢谢你邀请我。

-_____________.A. I really had a happy time.B. Oh, it’s too lateC. Thank you for coming 谢谢你能来。

D. Oh, so slowly?4. –This box is too heavy for me to carry upstairs. 这个箱子太重了，我搬不到楼上去。

-__________________________.A. You may ask for help.B. I’ll give you a hand. 我来帮你。

C. Please do me a favor.D. I’d come to help.5. -Hey, Tom, what’s up? 你好，汤姆，怎么回事？-_______________.A. Yes, definitely!B. Oh, not much. 没什么。

C. What is happening in your life?D. You are lucky.阅读理解：Passage One:The climate of any place is the kind of weather it usually has over a long period of time. The kind of homes we live in, the clothes we wear, the food we depend on the climate of the place where we live. Climate is complicated; it is affected by many things. If you live near one of the poles, you live in a cold climate, for you don’t get much direct sunshine as you would get farther from the poles. If you live near the equator（赤道）, you live in a warm or very hot climate, for this is the religion where the sun shines almost straight down.某个地方的气候指的是持续时间较长的一种天气。

2012年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（英语全国卷2）第Ⅰ卷第一部分英语知识运用(满分50分）第一节语音知识(共5小题；每小题1分，满分5分)从A、B、C、D四个选项中,找出其划线部分与所给单词的划线部分读音相同的选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

例:have A．gave B．save C．hat D．made答案是C.⒈theater A．treasure B．wheat C．season D．realize⒉persuade A．usual B．insist C．sugar D．treasure⒊company A．alone B．carrot C．money D．knock⒋opposite A．service B．outside C．pioneer D．police⒌society A．official B．recent C．chocolate D．difficult第二节语法和词汇知识（共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分）从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以入空白处的最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

例：It is generally considered unwise to give a child ___ he or she wants.A．however B．whatever C．whichever D．whenever答案是B。

⒍– What shall we do tonight then？– ___ – whatever you want。

A．Help yourself B．It’s a deal C．No problem D．It’s up to you⒎He missed ___ gold in the high jump, but will get ___ second chance in the long jump.A．the; the B．不填；a C．the；a D．a；不填⒏That evening, ___ I will tell you more about later, I ended up working very late.A．that B．which C．what D．when⒐Sarah made ___ to the airport just in time to catch her plane this morning。

2012年秋英语II（2）试题及答案第一部分交际用语{每小题2分，共10分)1-5小题:阅读下面的小对话1.一Sam，this is my friend , Jane. 一__________C__________.A. I' m Jack.B. It' s very nice.C. Glad to meet you , Jane.D. V ery well , thank you,2, 一What' s the fare to the museum? 一_________D___________.A. Five hours.B. Five 0' clock.C. Five miles,D. Five dollars,3.一How long will you be away from Italy? 一______B______________.A, Yes , I'11 be in Italy. B About a monthC. Y es , it's a long way to Italy,D. Since last month,4. 一So sorry to trouble you, 一______A______________.A. It's a pleasure,B. It' s your fault.C. I don't think so. Do I' m sorry, too.5. 一Could you please tell me how to get to the nearest bus stop? 一_________C______A. It' s not sure.B. Of course not.C. It ' s on the right corner just ahead.D. That' s all right.第二部分词汇与语法结构(每小题2分，共20分)6. My watch has been losing time for the past week. It probably needs _____A____.A. cleaningB. to cleanC. cleanedD. to be cleaning7. Y ou will get used to ____A_____here when you have settled down.A. livingB. liveC. livesD. lived8. Unfortunately the poor girl can't do anything but __B_______all her belongings at a low price.A. to sellB. sellC. sellingD. sold9. John fell asleep ____C_____ he was listening to the music.A. afterB. beforeC. whileD. as soon as10. If the weather had been good , the children ____D_____out for a walk.A. had goneB. would goC. wentD. could have gone11. Before joining the army , he spent a lot of time in thevillage ____B_____he belonged.A. whichB. to whichC. to whereD. at which12. John Walters claimed that this lack of information ____B_____in negative feelings towards the media.A. have resultedB. had resultedC. resultedD. results13. _____D____ you change your mind , I won' t be able to help you.A. WhenB. SoC. Because ofD. Unless14. Could you tell me __C_____?A. how long you live here C. how long you have lived hereB. how long have you lived here D. how long did you live here15. There is a lot of crime on television. ___A_____ other issues are pushed out.A. ThereforeB. HoweverC. ButD. Furthermore第三部分完形填空(每小题2分，共20分)2 Patten Close Derby DIS 6XX 16 April 2003Dear Sir or Madam ,I am writing 16 about a recent stay at your hotel , The GrandHotel. My wife and I arrived on 21 ,t March and stayed for two nights.Firstly we waited twenty minutes at reception because there was nobody 17 the desk. Then we waited a further twenty minutes because the receptionist could not find our booking. 18 our luggage was left unattended in reception for three hours until we finally took it to our room ourselves.Our room was not available immediately when we arrived. Therefore we had to wait another hour 19 we could go to the room. When we saw the room , it had two single beds and w e 20 a double bed , so we had to change it. Unfortunately the second room was on the top floor and the lift was 21 . And although we had asked for a room with a sea view , it was facing the road. Although the food in the restaurant was quite good , we were unhappy with the 22 we received. We had booked an evening meal inclusive in the price of the room. Consequently we did not take money to the dining room and then discovered 23 we had to pay for the wine immediately. Unfortunately, the waiters were rude and 24 . However , the manager did agree that we could pay the wine bill in the morning.To sum up, I was most dissatisfied with the entire experience and I expect full compensation for the inconvenience caused.I look forward 25 from you.Y ours faithfully ,Arthur MullardQuestions 16-25:16. A. complain B. to complain C. complained D. complaining17. A. in B. from C. to D. at18. A. Moreover B. Although C. So D. Because19. A. after B. while C. during D. before20. A. asked for B. ask for C. had asked for D. have asked for99421. A. out of order B. in order C. disorder D. bad order22. A. money B. letter C. food D. service23. A. why B. that C. when D. where24. A. help B. helpful C. unhelpful D. helpless25. A. to hearing B. hearing C. to hear D. to be hearing第四部分阅读理解{每小题2分，共30分)短文理解lSura Elmer came to Shanghai last July from the Netherlands, and will remain here for the nextcouple of years. He worked at the Holiday Inn Hotel as a sales manager, "One important part of my job consists in staying in contact with consultant-generals here. With a white face , it is easier for me to persuade people ," he said. Before working in Shanghai, he worked for a Holiday Inn Hotel in Amsterdam. He was transferred here by an arrangement between the hotels in Shanghai and Amsterdam.Asked to comment on the differences between working in China and Europe, he said: "If anything, Chinese colleagues tend to be more serious , while we Dutch like to crack jokes ," he said. He also said that in Amsterdam everything goes faster and with less people. "In the Netherlands, we have to be efficient because salaries are high and companies cannot employ so many people as they do here in China," he said. He also said that he earned a bit more here than in the Netherlands, and accommodation and meals are freely available. "I like Shanghai. Before coming here I had no idea what China would be like. Now I have been here for nearly one year , I found people here friendly , though I dislike people spitting on the ground. " He intended to work here foranother two or three years , depending on the hotel.Questions 26-30:26. From the passage , we know that Sura Elmer is . _________.A. a DutchB. working for a Holiday Inn Hotel in AmsterdamC. one of the consultant-generalsD. going to stay in Shanghai for quite long27. Sura Elmer came to Shanghai, _________.A. as he signed a contract with Holiday Inn Hotel in ShanghaiB. because he wants to know something about ChinaC. for he likes Shanghai very muchD. according to an agreement between the hotels in Shanghai and Amsterdam28. Sura Elmer' s impression on his Chinese colleagues is that they _________than his colleagues in the Netherlands.A. do everything fasterB. are more seriousC. are more efficientD. earn a little more29. In the second paragraph , the sentence, " .,. accommodation and meals are freely available" means ____.A. accommodation and meals are offered in free time in the hotelB. Sura Elmer eats and sleeps free of chargeC. Sura Elmer can stay and eat in the hotel anytime he thinks necessaryD. except accommodation , meals are offered freely in the hotel30. The thing that Sura Elmer dislikes in China is _________.A. one does not have to work hard to be efficientB. salaries are lower than what people get in AmsterdamC. people spit on the groundD. there are more people doing less work短文理解2"Are you the happiest man in the world?" When asked this question, most people would say no. They don’t think they are the happiest of the people around them. They would point out that oneof their neighbors is happier than anyone of them , "Doctor Frank has a career himself. His wife is the most beautiful and well-educated lady in the community. No, I don't think I am happier than Doctor Frank. At least my career is not as successful as his. "Most of us compare ourselves with anyone we think is happier -a relative , a close friend or, often , someone we even hardly know. lance met a young man who struck me as particularly successful and happy. He spoke of his love for his beautiful wife and their daughters , and of his joy at being a TV talk-show host. I remember thinking he was one of the lucky few for whom everything goes effortlessly right. Once we talked about the Internet , he is grateful for its existence. He told me , because he could look up informationon diabetes(糖尿病)一the terrible disease that made his wife suffer and could possibly be passed down to his lovely children. When I heard this , I felt like a fool for taking it for granted that nothing unhappy existed in his life.This made me think a lot and I soon drew one of the most significant conclusions about happiness: there is little relation between the situations of peoples lives and how happy they are. We all know people who are richer and have an easier life thanothers , yet they are essentially unhappy. And we know people who have suffered a great deal but generally remain happy. Unhappiness is like looking at something and fixing on even the smallest fault. As a bald man told me , "Whenever I enter a room , all I see is hair."It is hard for us to give up the image of "being perfect. " As nothing is perfect, anyone can be unhappy. It takes no courage or effort to be unhappy. True happiness lies in struggling to be happy. Questions 31-35:31. According to the author, most people would _________they are the happiest in the worldA. doubt whetherB. like to think thatC. think about whetherD. not think that32. The author thinks that people quite often compare themselves with _________.A. a close friendB. a relativeC. anyone they think is happierD. someone we even hardly know33. What is NOT true about the young man the author once met with?A. He is a TV talk show host.B. Everything goes effortlessly right for him.C. He loves his wife and their daughters.D. He is very happy with his work and his life.34. After talking with the young man about the Internet, the author realizes _________.A. that he is mistaken in thinking nothing unhappy existed inthe latter' s lifeB. how grateful the young man is for the existence of the InternetC. how terribly the young man's wife suffer from the disease -diabetesD. that there is a lot of information one can look up in the Internet35. The significant conclusion the author draws about happiness is that_________.A. it is hard for us to give up the image of "being perfect"B. unhappiness is like looking at something and fixing on even the smallest faultC. we know people who have suffered a great deal but generally remain happyD. true happiness lies in struggling to he happy短文理解3并根据短文内容判断其后的旬子是否正确(T)、错误(刊，还字中没有涉及相关信息(NG)。

2010年12月统考真题（2）一、交际英语1.–How much is this necklace? 这条项链多少钱？-___________________.A. It’s very nice.B. It’s a birthday present from my parentsC. It costs fifty pounds 五十英镑。

D. It’s a bargain2. –Does that tea have enough sugar in it? 那杯茶里的糖够吗？-________________.A. Yes, it is. Thank you.B. Yes, it does. Thank you. 够，谢谢。

C. Yes, I will. Thank you.D. Yes, I do. I like it.3. -Thank you for inviting me. 谢谢你邀请我。

-_____________.A. I really had a happy time.B. Oh, it’s too lateC. Thank you for coming 谢谢你能来。

D. Oh, so slowly?4. –This box is too heavy for me to carry upstairs. 这个箱子太重了，我搬不到楼上去。

-__________________________.A. You may ask for help.B. I’ll give you a hand. 我来帮你。

C. Please do me a favor.D. I’d come to help.5. -Hey, Tom, what’s up? 你好，汤姆，怎么回事？-_______________.A. Yes, definitely!B. Oh, not much. 没什么。

C. What is happening in your life?D. You are lucky.阅读理解：Passage One:The climate of any place is the kind of weather it usually has over a long period of time. The kind of homes we live in, the clothes we wear, the food we depend on the climate of the place where we live. Climate is complicated; it is affected by many things. If you live near one of the poles, you live in a cold climate, for you don’t get much direct sunshine as you would get farther from the poles. If you live near the equator（赤道）, you live in a warm or very hot climate, for this is the religion where the sun shines almost straight down.某个地方的气候指的是持续时间较长的一种天气。

2012年英语二答案尊敬的读者，欢迎阅读本文，本文将为您提供2012年英语二答案的详细解析。

2012年英语二试卷是中国高考英语科目的考试之一，对于广大考生来说，了解答案的解析对于复习和备考是非常有帮助的。

以下是各个部分的详细解析。

第一部分：听力（共20小题，每小题1.5分，满分30分）本部分分为三个部分，分别是对话理解、短文理解和听力填空。

首先是对话理解。

在这一部分，考生需要根据所听到的对话内容选择正确的答案。

对话内容多样化，包括询问路线、购物、订餐、约会等方面。

通过仔细听和准确理解对话内容，考生可以顺利地选择正确答案。

其次是短文理解。

这一部分考生需要听一篇长短文，然后回答相关的问题。

考生需要在有限的时间内把握住关键信息，理解主题和细节信息，并运用推理能力回答问题。

最后是听力填空。

这一部分考生需要根据所听到的短文内容填写表格或完成对话。

考生需要注意听力的速度和准确率，尽量在规定的时间内完成填写，并注意拼写和语法的正确性。

第二部分：阅读理解（共25小题，每小题2分，满分50分）本部分分为四篇短文，考生需要根据短文内容回答相关的问题或完成相关的任务。

各篇短文的题材多样，包括社会生活、文化传统、科技发展等方面。

通过仔细阅读和准确理解文章内容，考生可以顺利地回答相关问题。

第三部分：完形填空（共20小题，每小题1.5分，满分30分）本部分有一篇短文，考生需要在每个空格中选择一个合适的单词或短语来完成短文。

通过对短文整体意义和上下文的理解，考生可以正确地选择答案并填写到相应的空格中。

第四部分：语法填空（共10小题，每小题1.5分，满分15分）本部分考生需要根据语境和句子意义，在空白处填入一个合适的词汇，使句子完整、通顺。

通过对句子结构和语法规则的理解，考生可以正确地选择答案并填写到相应的空格中。

第五部分：短文填空（共10小题，每小题1分，满分10分）本部分有一篇短文，考生需要在文章中的空白处填入一个合适的词汇，使短文意义完整、通顺。

2012年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语(二)试题Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)Millions of Americans and foreigners see G. I. Joe as a mindless war toy, the symbol of American military adventurism, but that's not how it used to be. To the men and women who 1 in World War II and the people they liberated, the G. I. was the 2 man grown into hero, the poor farm kid torn away from his home, the guy who 3 all the burdens of battle, who slept in cold foxholes, who went without the 4 of food and shelter, who stuck it out and drove back the Nazi reign of murder. This was not a volunteer soldier, not someone well paid, 5 an average guy, up 6 the best trained, best equipped, fiercest, most brutal enemies seen in centuries.His name isn't much. G. I. is just a military abbreviation 7 Government Issue, and it was on all of the articles 8 to soldiers. And Joe? A common name for a guy who never 9 it to the top. Joe Blow, Joe Palooka, Joe Magrac… a working class name. The United States has10 had a president or vice-president or secretary of state Joe.G.I. Joe had a 11 career fighting German, Japanese, and Korean troops. He appears as a character, or a 12 of American personalities, in the 1945 movie The Story of G. L Joe, based on the last days of war correspondent Ernie Pyle. Some of the soldiers Pyle 13 portrayed themselves in the film. Pyle was famous for covering the 14 side of the war, writing about the dirt-snow-and-mud soldiers, not how many miles were 15 or what towns were captured or liberated. His reports 16 the "Willie" cartoons of famed Stars and Stripes artist Bill Maulden. Both men 17 the dirt and exhaustion of war, the 18 of civilization that the soldiers shared with each other and the civilians: coffee, tobacco, whiskey, shelter, sleep. 19 Egypt, France, and a dozen more countries, G. I. Joe was any American soldier,20 the most important person in their lives.1. [A] performed [B] served [C] rebelled [D] betrayed2. [A] actual [B] common [C] special [D] normal3. [A] bore [B] eased [C] removed [D] loaded4. [A] necessities [B] facilities [C] commodities [D] properties5. [A] and [B] nor [C] but [D] hence6. [A] for [B] into [C] from [D] against7. [A] meaning [B] implying [C] symbolizing [D] claiming8. [A] handed out [B] turned over [C] brought back [D] passed down9. [A] pushed [B] got [C] made [D] managed10. [A] ever [B] never [C] either [D] neither11. [A] disguised [B] disturbed [C] disputed [D] distinguished12. [A] company [B] collection [C] community [D] colony13. [A] employed [B] appointed [C] interviewed [D] questioned14. [A] ethical [B] military [C] political [D] human15. [A] mined [B] commuted [C] patrolled [D] gained16. [A] paralleled [B] counteracted [C] duplicated [D] contradicted17. [A] neglected [B] avoided [C] emphasized [D] admired18. [A] stages [B] illusions [C] fragments [D] advances19. [A] With [B] To [C] Among [D] Beyond20. [A] on the contrary [B] by this means [C] from the outset [D] at that pointSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)Text 1Homework has never been terribly popular with students and even many parents, but in recent years it has been particularly scorned. School districts across the country, most recently Los Angeles Unified, are revising their thinking on this educational ritual. Unfortunately, L.A. Unified has produced an inflexible policy which mandates that with the exception of some advanced courses, homework may no longer count for more than 10% of a student's academic grade.This role is meant to address the difficulty that students from impoverished or chaotic homes might have in completing their homework. But the policy is unclear and contradictor. Certainly, no homework should be assigned that students cannot complete on their own or that they cannot do without expensive equipment. But if the district is essentially giving a pass to students who do not do their homework because of complicated family lives, it is going riskily close to the implication that standards need to be lowered for poor children.District administrators say that homework will still be a part of schooling; teachers are allowed to assign as much of it as they want. But with homework counting for no more than 10% of their grades, students can easily skip half their homework and see very little difference on their report cards. Some students might do well on state tests without completing their homework, but what about the students who performed well on the tests and did their homework? It is quite possible that the homework helped. Yet rather than empowering teachers to find what works best for their students, the policy imposes a flat, across-the-board role.At the same time, the policy addresses none of the truly thorny questions about homework, ff the district finds homework to be unimportant to its students' academic achievement, it should move to reduce or eliminate the assignments, not make them count for almost nothing. Conversely, if homework matters, it should account for a significant portion of the grade. Meanwhile, this policy does nothing to ensure that the homework students receive is meaningful or appropriate to their age and the subject, or that teachers are not assigning more than they're willing to review and correct.The homework roles should be put on hold while the school board, which is responsible for setting educational policy, looks into the matter and conducts public hearings. It is not too late forL. A. Unified to do homework right.21. It is implied in Paragraph 1 that nowadays homework ________.[A] is receiving more criticism [B] is no longer an educational ritual[C ] is not required for advanced courses [D] is gaining more preferences22. L. A. Unified has made the rule about homework mainly because poor students ________.[A] tend to have moderate expectations for their education[B] have asked for a different educational standard[C] may have problems finishing their homework[D] have voiced their complaints about homework23. According to Paragraph 3, one problem with the policy is that it may ________.[A] discourage students from doing homework[B] result in students' indifference to their report cards[C] undermine the authority of state tests[D] restrict teachers' power in education24. As mentioned in Paragraph 4, a key question unanswered about homework is whether ________.[A] it should be eliminated [B] it counts much in schooling[C] it places extra burdens on teachers [D] it is important for grades25. A suitable title for this text could be[A] Wrong Interpretations of an Educational Policy ________.[B] A Welcomed Policy for Poor Students[C] Thorny Questions about Homework[D] A Faulty Approach to HomeworkText 2Pretty in pink: adult women do not remember being so obsessed with the colour, yet it is pervasive in our young girls' lives. It is not that pink is intrinsically bad, but it is such a tiny slice of the rainbow and, though it may celebrate girlhood in one way, it also repeatedly and firmly fuses girls' identity to appearance. Then it presents that connection, even among two-year-olds, between girls as not only innocent but as evidence of innocence. Looking around, I despaired at the singular lack of imagination about girls' lives and interests.Girls' attraction to pink may seem unavoidable, somehow encoded in their DNA, but according to Jo Paoletti, an associate professor of American Studies, it is not. Children were not colour-coded at all until the early 20th century, in the era before domestic washing machines all babies wore white as a practical matter, since the only way of getting clothes clean was to boil them. What's more, both boys and girls wore what were thought of as gender-neutral dresses. When nursery colours were introduced, pink was actually considered the more masculine colour, a pastel version of red, which was associated with strength. Blue, with its intimations of the Virgin Mary, constancy-and faithfulness, symbolized femininity. It was not until the mid-1980s, when amplifying age and sex differences became a dominant children's marketing strategy, that pink fully came into its own, when it began to seem inherently attractive to girls, part of what defined them as female, at least for the first few critical years.I had not realized how profoundly marketing trends dictated our perception of what is natural to kids, including our core beliefs about their psychological development. Take the toddler. I assumed that phase was something experts developed after years of research into children's behaviour: wrong. Turns out, according to Daniel Cook, a historian of childhood consumerism, it was popularized as a marketing trick by clothing manufacturers in the 1930s.Trade publications counselled department stores that, in order to increase sales, they should create a third stepping stone" between infant wear and older kids' clothes. It was only after "toddler" became a common shoppers' term that it evolved into a broadly accepted developmental stage. Splitting kids, or adults, into ever-tinier categories has proved a sure-fire way to boost profits. And one of the easiest ways to segment a market is to magnify gender differences—or invent them where they did not previously exist.26. By saying "it is... the rainbow" (Line 2, Para. 1), the author means pink ________.[A] should not be the sole representation of girlhood[B] should not be associated with girls' innocence[C] cannot explain girls' lack of imagination[D] cannot influence girls' lives and interests27. According to Paragraph 2, which of the following is true of colours?[A ] Colous are encoded in girls" DNA.[B] Blue used to be regarded as the colour for girls.[C] Pink used to be a neutral colour in symbolising genders.[D] White is preferred by babies.28. The author suggests that our perception of children's psychological development was much influenced by ________.[A] the marketing of products for children [B] the observation of children's nature[C] researches into children's behaviour [D] studies of childhood consumption29. We may learn from Paragraph 4 that department stores were advised to ________.[A ] focus on infant wear and older kids' clothes[B ] attach equal importance to different genders[C ] classify consumers into smaller groups[D ] create some common shoppers' terms30. It can be concluded that girls' attraction to pink seems to be ________.[A ] clearly explained by their inborn tendency[B ] fully understood by clothing manufacturers[C ] mainly imposed by profit-driven businessmen[D] well interpreted by psychological expertsText 3In 2010, a federal judge shook America's biotech industry to its core. Companies had won patents for isolated DNA for decades—by 2005 some 20% of human genes were patented. But in March 2010 a judge ruled that genes were unpatentable. Executives were violently agitated. The Biotechnology Industry Organisation (BIO), a trade group, assured members that this was just a "preliminary step" in a longer battle.On July 29th they were relieved, at least temporarily. A federal appeals court overturned theprior decision, ruling that Myriad Genetics could indeed hold patents to two genes that help forecast a woman's risk of breast cancer. The chief executive of Myriad, a company in Utah, said the ruling was a blessing to firms and patients alike.But as companies continue their attempts at personalized medicine, the courts will remain rather busy. The Myriad case itself is probably not over. Critics make three main arguments against gene patents: a gene is a product of nature, so it may not be patented; gene patents suppress innovation rather than reward it; and patents monopolies restrict access to genetic tests such as Myriads. A growing number seem to agree. Last year a federal task-force urged reform for patents related to genetic tests. In October the Department of Justice filed a brief in the Myriad case, arguing that an isolated DNA molecule "is no less a product of nature... than are cotton fibres that have been separated from cotton seeds."Despite the appeals court's decision, big questions remain unanswered. For example, it is unclear whether the sequencing of a whole genome violates the patents of individual genes within it. The ease may yet reach the Supreme Court.As the industry advances, however, other suits may have an even greater impact. Companies are unlikely to file many more patents for human DNA molecules—most are unlikely patented or in the public domain. Firms are now studying how genes interact, looking for correlations that might be used to determine the causes of disease or predict a drug's efficacy. Companies are eager to win patents for "connecting the dots," explains Hans Sauer, a lawyer for the BIO.Their success may be determined by a suit related to this issue, brought by the Mayo Clinic, which the Supreme Court will hear in its next term. The BIO recently held a convention which included sessions to coach lawyer on the shifting landscape for patents. Each meeting was packed.31. It can be learned from Paragraph 1 that the biotech companies would like ________.[A] their executives to be active [B] judges to rule out gene patenting[C] genes to be patentable [D] the BIO to issue a warning32. Those who are against gene patents believe that ________.[A ] genetic tests are not reliable[B ] only man-made products are patentable[C ] patents on genes depend much on innovation[D ] courts should restrict access to genetic tests33. According to Hans Saner, companies are eager to win patents for ________.[A] establishing disease correlations [B] discovering gene interactions[C] drawing pictures of genes [D] identifying human DNA34. By saying "Each meeting was packed" (Line 3, Para. 6), the author means that ________.[A] the Supreme Court was authoritative[B] the BIO was a powerful organization[C] gene patenting was a great concern[D] lawyers were keen to attend conventions35. Generally speaking, the author's attitude toward gene patenting is ________.[A] critical [B] supportive [C] scornful [D] objectiveText 4The great recession may be over, but this era of high joblessness is probably beginning. Before it ends, it will likely change the life course and character of a generation of young adults. And ultimately, it is likely to reshape our politics, our culture, and the character of our society for years.No one tries harder than the jobless to find silver linings in this national economic disaster. Many said that unemployment, while extremely painful, had improved them in some ways: they had become less materialistic and more financially prudent; they were more aware of the struggles of others. In limited respects, perhaps the recession will leave society better off. At the very least, it has awoken us from our national fever dream of easy riches and bigger houses, and put a necessary end to an era of reckless personal spending.But for the most part, these benefits seem thin, uncertain, and far off. In The Moral Consequences of Economic Growth, the economic historian Benjamin Friedman argues that both inside and outside the U. S. , lengthy periods of economic stagnation or decline have almost always left society more mean-spirited and less inclusive, and have usually stopped or reversed the advance of rights and freedoms. Anti-immigrant sentiment typically increases, as does conflict between races and classes.Income inequality usually falls during a recession, but it has not shrunk in this one. Indeed, this period of economic weakness may reinforce class divides, and decrease opportunities to cross them—especially for young people. The research of Till Von Wachter, the economic at Columbia University, suggests that not all people graduating into a recession see their life chances dimmed: those with degrees from elite universities catch up fairly quickly to where they otherwise would have been if they had graduated in better times; it is the masses beneath them that are left behind.In the Internet age, it is particularly easy to see the resentment that has always been hidden within American society. More difficult, in the moment, is discerning precisely how these lean times are affecting society's character. In many respects, the U.S. was more socially tolerant entering this recession than at any time in its history, and a variety of national polls on social conflict since then have shown mixed results. We will have to wait and see exactly how these hard times will reshape our social fabric. But they certainly will reshape it, and all the more so the longer they extend.36. By saying "to find silver linings" (Line 1, Para. 2) the author suggests that the jobless try to ________.[A ] seek subsidies from the government[B ] explore reasons for the unemployment[C ] make profits from the troubled economy[D ] look on the bright side of the recession37. According to Paragraph 2, the recession has made people ________.[A ] realize the national dream[B ] struggle against each other[C ] challenge their prudence[D ] reconsider their lifestyle38. Benjamin Friedman believes that economic recessions may ________.[A ] impose a heavier burden on immigrants[B ] bring out more evils of human nature[C ] promote the advance of rights and freedoms[D ] ease conflicts between races and classes39. The research of Till V on Wachter suggests that in the recession graduates from elite universities tend to ________.[A ] lag behind the others due to decreased opportunities[B ] catch up quickly with experienced employees[C ] see their life chances as dimmed as the others'[D ] recover more quickly than the others40. The author thinks that the influence of hard times on society is ________.[A ] certain [B ] positive [C ] trivial [D ] destructivePart BDirections:Read the following text and answer the questions by finding information from the left column that corresponds to each of the marked details given in the right column. There are two extra choices in the right column. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points) "Universal history, the history of what man has accomplished in this world, is at bottom the History of the Great Men who have worked here," wrote the Victorian sage Thomas Carlyle. Well, not any more it is not.Suddenly, Britain looks to have fallen out with its favorite historical form. This could be no more than a passing literary craze, but it also points to a broader truth about how we now approach the past: less concerned with learning from forefathers and more interested in feeling their pain. Today, we want empathy, not inspiration.From the earliest days of the Renaissance, the writing of history meant recounting the exemplary lives of great men. In 1337, Petrarch began work on his rambling writing De Viris Illustribus—On Famous Men, highlighting the virtus(or virtue) of classical heroes. Petrarch celebrated their greatness in conquering fortune and rising to the top. This was the biographical tradition which Niccolò Machiavelli turned on its head. In The Prince, he championed cunning, ruthlessness, and boldness, rather than virtue, mercy and justice, as the skills of successful leaders.Over time, the attributes of greatness shifted. The Romantics commemorated the leading painters and authors of their day, stressing the uniqueness of the artist's personal experience rather than public glory. By contrast, the Victorian author Samuel Smiles wrote Self-Help as a catalogue of the worthy lives of engineers, industrialists and explorers. "The valuable examples which they furnish of the power of self-help, of patient purpose, resolute working, and Steadfast integrity, issuing in the formation of truly noble and manly character, exhibit," wrote Smiles," what it is in the power of each to accomplish for himself. "His biographies of James Watt, Richard Arkwright and Josiah Wedgwood were held up as beacons to guide the working man through his difficult life.This was all a bit bourgeois for Thomas Carlyle, who focused his biographies on the truly heroic lives of Martin Luther, Oliver Cromwell and Napoleon Bonaparte. These epochal figures represented lives hard to imitate, but to be acknowledged as possessing higher authority than mere mortals.Not everyone was convinced by such bombast. "The history of all hitherto existing society isthe history of class struggles," wrote Marx and Engels in The Communist Manifesto. For them, history did nothing; it possessed no immense wealth nor waged battles: "It is man, real, living man who does all that." And history should be the story of the masses and their record of struggle. As such, it needed to appreciate the economic realities, the social contexts and power relations in which each epoch stood. For: "Men make their own history, but they do not make it just as they please; they do not make it under circumstances chosen by themselves, but under circumstances directly found, given and transmitted from the past. "This was the tradition which revolutionized our appreciation of the past. In place of Thomas Carlyle, Britain nurtured Christopher Hill, EP Thompson and Eric Hobsbawm. History from below stood alongside biographies of great men. Whole new realms of understanding—from gender to race to cultural studies—were opened up as scholars unpicked the multiplicity of lost societies. And it transformed public history too: downstairs became just as fascinating as upstairs.Section ⅢTranslation46. Directions:Translate the following text from English into Chinese. Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET 2. (15 points)When people in developing countries worry about migration, they are usually concerned at the prospect of their best and brightest departure to Silicon Valley or to hospitals and universities in the developed world. These are the kind of workers that countries like Britain, Canada and Australia try to attract by using immigration rules that privilege college graduates.Lots of studies have found that well-educated people from developing countries are particularly likely to emigrate. A big survey of Indian households in 2004 found that nearly 40% of emigrants had more than a high-school education, compared with around 3.3% of all Indians over the age of 25. This "brain drain" has long bothered policymakers in poor countries. They fear that it hurts their economies, depriving them of much-needed skilled workers who could have taught at their universities, worked in their hospitals and come up with clever new products for their factories to make.Section ⅣWritingPart A47. Directions:Suppose you have found something wrong with the electronic dictionary that you bought from an online store the other day. Write an email to the customer service center to1) make a complaint and2) demand a prompt solution.You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2.Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use "Zhang Wei" instead. (10 points) Part B48. Directions:Write an essay based on the following table. In your writing you should1) describe the table, and2) give your comments.You should write at least 150 words.Write your essay on ANSWER SHEET 2. (15 points)某公司员工工作满意度调查2012考研英语（二）真题答案1．B 2．B 3．A 4．A 5．C6．D 7．C 8．A 9．C 10．B11．D 12．B 13．C 14．D 15．D16．A 17．C 18．B 19．B 20．D21．A 22．C 23．A 24．B 25．D26．A 27．B 28．A 29．C 30．C31．C 32．B 33．A 34．C 35．D36．D 37．D 38．B 39．D 40．A41．A 42．F 43．G 44．C 45．E。

第三部分：完形填空（每题2分，共20分）Genetic EngineeringMany people are unaware (16)____________ a lot of the foods they eat every day, (17)____________ bread, ham and cheese, have been altered by using new technology. Food can be changed. It can be made to taste (18)____________ or to look different – carrots can be made to taste of chocolate and apples can be made redder. Some food that appears the same has been (19)____________ improved, for example, fish can be made to grow faster. Should we be pleased or worried? Will new technology bring benefits, or is it about to go (20)____________ control?Genetically engineered foods are produced by taking genetic material from one species and transferring it (21)____________ another.For example, an ‗antifreeze‘ gene which appears naturally in Arctic fish has been introduced into tomatoes and strawberries (22)____________ they don‘t freeze in cold weather; a human gene has been introduced into pigs to make them (23)____________ more quickly.Some claim great advantages. They point out that crops can be made stronger and more disease resistant, (24)____________ pesticides can be reduced. They also maintain that food can be made more nutritious or that the fat content can (25)____________ to make it healthier.16. A. that B. what C. for D. of17. A. such that B. such as C. so that D. so as18. A. difference B. differently C. different D. differing19. A. scientifically B. science C. scientific D. scientifical20. A. under B. into C. out D. out of21. A. for B. to C. out D. into22. A. such that B. in order to C. so that D. so as to23. A. grow B. to grow C. growing D. grown24. A. because B. cause C. result D. so25. A. be reducing B. be reduced C. reduced D. reducing题目：作业2第四部分：阅读理解（每题2分，共30分）短文理解1I used to think education was the most important thing in my life. Recently my attitude has begun to change, although I still hold that it is essential for everyone in the world today. As a top junior student in my college, I was asked to make a speech on how to learn English well. Standing in front of the audience facing so many freshmen, I was trembling. I didn‘t remember any word that I had prepared. I ran out of the conference room without finishing my speech, leaving everyone puzzled. I cried that night in my room, feeling that I was a loser. Studying takes so much of my time that I feel unable to really develop myself. I am just storing knowledge; yet fail to communicate with others. I have received many awards in school, but they don‘t necessarily reflect anything about me. I don‘t know how to socialize. When I leave school I fear I will be of no use to society.I realize that everyone has her or his own way of living. I want to change my lifestyle. Of course I will keep studying. Y et I plan to look for a part time job, which might turn out to be a good chance to get to know society. I still believe that working my hardest does make me happy. I will still stay on in college, but I will not allow it to shelter me from the real world.26.From this passage, we know that the author ____________.A. does not think education is the most important thing in her life any moreB. thinks that communication with other people is more important than educationC. realizes that it is more important to really develop oneself than just to store knowledgeD. comes to learn how important it is to make a public speech27. By saying that she is ―a junior student‖ in her college, the author means that she is ____________.A. a student in her third year in collegeB. a very young college studentC. younger than most students in collegeD. shorter than others in college28. The author thinks the awards she has received ____________.A. show that she is a top studentB. show how much time she has spent in learningC. mean she only knows how to learn, but not how to socializeD. don‘t ne cessarily reflect her real self29. The author fears that she will be of no use to society, mainly because ____________.A. she feels she is a loserB. she does not know how to communicate with othersC. studying takes too much of her timeD. she is unable to develop herself30. Which of the following statements is not true according to the passage, when the author says that she wants to find a part time job?A. The job might enable her to get to know society.B. She wants to change her lifestyle.C. Working part time while studying will make her happy.D. She wants to get some shelter from the real world.英语II（2）重难点分析（1）短文理解1The Gobi Desert ., in the north of China, is now seven times bigger than Britain. China has large desert areas and much of its agricultural land is being threatened by desertification, which is getting worse, in addition, soil erosion has led to a huge loss of farmland and the drying up of rivers. Consequently, the livelihoods of 35 million people are being threatened. Furthermore it is even affecting cities. The nearest sand dune is less than 100 miles from Beijing, where unpleasant sandstorms are becoming more frequent. The worse the situation, the more pressure there is on the government to take action.The reasons for the changes are complex. It is clear that pollution of the air and water by factories is affecting the environment. Trees and other vegetation die, mad so soil is eroded. The more trees that die, the less water is held in the earth. The need for wood for fuel and buildings leads to further deforestation, which causes further soil erosion, local farmers find it more andmore difficult to make a living. They end up using inefficient farming methods, which again leads to soil erosion.The Government is carrying out anti-desertification projects, including the creation of a forest hell around deserts. The tree planting campaign, known as the Great Green Wall, is meant to protect Beijing from sandstorms. China hopes to control the expansion of desert land by the year 2010 and plans to establish a protected eco-system in desert areas by 2050.Questions l--- 5.1. Britain isA. one eighth of the size of the Gobi DesertB. 20% of the size o! ChinaC. as big as the Gobi desertD. bigger than Gobi desert2. The total desert area of China is ______A. decreasingB. remaining constantC. not mentioned in the textD. increasing3. The trees die becauseA. the soil is poorB. the sir and water is pollutedC. they get diseasesD. they are not well planted by people4. The Chinese government is planting trees aroundA. the desertsB. ChinaC. BeijingD. the north of China5. The expansion of desert landA. will definitely be controlled by 2010B. won't he controlled by 2010C. should be controlled by 2010D. must be controlled by 2010短文理解 2Recently, a rather sophisticated(老练的) woman told me shyly that she saves up all her presents until Christmas morning and then sits up in bed and opens them, just like a child. She though! I would laugh at her and say how silly she was. But in fact I was absolutely delighted to meet someone who treats Christmas as I do.Many people today have a very different attitude to Christmas- They think it's just a timewhen shopkeepers make a lot of money and everyone rushes round buying presents they don't want to give and food they don't want to eat. But have they grown so far away from their own childhood that they can't remember all the good things.First of all, Christmas takes you out of the ordinary dull routine of life. For children, the fun begins weeks before when the decorations are put up, and excitement gradually increased as December the 25 approaches.Everyone seems much friendlier to each other than usual at Christmas time.Y ou can lean(倚靠) on a car window when you're stopped at the traffic lights and say "Merry Christmas," and people will smile and respond. Y ou probably wouldn't think of doing that at any other lime of year. Perhaps it is because most people are on holiday or because everyone knows that they are sharing s similar experience. Giving presents can be very satisfying, too, if you plan far enough in advance and really think of tile right present for the right person.Indeed, whatever shopkeepers gain out of Christmas, it is still a "holy day," the words from which "holiday" is derived, and it gives people time to pause and concentrate for moment on non-commercial values.Questions 6--10.6. When the woman told the writer her Christmas story, ____she was shy becauseA. she thought it was too privateB. it showed her greedinessC. she thought it was too childishD. it showed her honesty7. Many people have different attitude to Christmas becauseA .. shops earn too much moneyB people eat too much foodC everyone gives out a lot of giftsD. the festival is too commercialized8. The writer thinks that ChristmasA. brings excitement into the boring lifeB. begins several weeks before Dec. 25thC. gives a better time to children than adultsD. is a time for the shops to make money9. Peoria are more friendly to each other at Christmas time becauseA. they receive a lot of gifts and good wishes from other peopleB. Christmas provides them with an experience they can shareC. more people put on a smiling face and reply to greetingsD. shopkeepers are happy when they can make more money10. The main idea of the passage is thatA. adults do not enjoy Christmas as much a children doB. early planning is the key to a good time for ChristmasC. shopping for presents is a part of the Christmas celebrationD. Christmas has not lost its charm in modern society英语II（2）重难点分析（2）ClozeIan and Shiree are a V ery unusual couple.. Although they (1)_________ in the heart of London, they try to grow as much of their own food as possible. At the moment they (2)__________an allotment from the local council to grow food on. but they plan (3) _______more land soon. 'We (4) _____. growing our own food five years ago', said Ian, 'Since then we (5)________ about half of the vegetables we need and a quarter of the fruit, We(6)________ on the allotment for three years. We (7)________ our own garden before that. ' They do not plan to stop there though, 'By this time next year we (8)________enough land to grow about 75% of our food', said Ian- Why do they do this? 'We (9)_________about the chemicals used to grow our food', said Shiree. 'More and more people(10)________ the same in the future', predicted Shiree.1. A. live B lived C. have hued D- had lived2. A. rent B. have rented C. are renting D. have rented3. A. buy B. to buy C. buying D. bought4. A. start B. would start C. haw started D. started5. A. grew B. have grownC. have been growingD. have been grown6. A. work B. worked C. have been working D. had worked7. A. used B. have only usedC. have only been usingD. had only8. A, will have bought B. will buyC. are buyingD. are going to buy9. A. are worrying B. will worry C. worry D. worried10. A. are doing B are going to do C. will have done D. do英语II（2）重难点分析（4）Select the best answer from the options given.1. Does this patient's record need _______ now? Now, you can finish it later.A. completeB. to completeC. completingD. completed2. My boss is __ holding pointless meetings. It really annoys me.A. neverB. alwaysC. sometimesD. seldom3. China is no longer what itA. used to beB. was used to beingC. used to beingD. was used to be4. That dinner was the most expensive meal weA. would haveB. have hadC. have ever hadD. had ever had5. Robert is said _________ abroad, but I don‘t know what country he studied m.A- to have studied B. to studyC. lo be studyingD. to be studied6. ___If he , he that food.__Luckily he was sent to the hospital immediately.A. was warned~ would not takeB.had been warned; would not have takenC. would be warned; had not takenD. would have been warned; had not taken7. 1 was sick, but I___________ it at the weekend.A. got byB. got atC. got upD. got over8. The doctor advised the astronaut ——every two hours.A. rest B, to restC. restingD. rested9. John was bored, —— he left his life in England.A, in addition B. soC. howeverD. furthermore10. These new processesA. should be controlledB. should controlC. should be controllingD. should controlled。

第⼀部分　听⼒ 第⼀节 听下⾯5段对话，每段对话后有⼀个⼩题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。

听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关⼩题和阅读下⼀⼩题。

每段对话仅读⼀遍。

1. What are the speakers talking about? [A] Who will attend the meeting. [B] When to announce the news. [C] What to discuss on Wednesday. 2. What will the man do? [A] Boil more water. [B] Have a cup of tea. [C] Make tea for Christine. 3. Why is Sheila late? [A] She forgot the time. [B] She had to finish work. [C] She argued with her boss. 4. What is the weather normally like? [A] Warm. [B] Rainy. [C] Cold. 5. What does the man mean? [A] He likes his professor. [B] He wants a new task. [C] He needs more time. 第⼆节 听下⾯5段对话或独⽩。

每段对话或独⽩后有2⾄4个⼩题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。

听完每段对话或独⽩前，你将有5秒钟的时间阅读各个⼩题；听完后，各⼩题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。

每段对话或独⽩读两遍。

听下⾯⼀段对话，回答第6和第7题。

． 6. What happened to the man? [A] His car broke down. [B] He broke his phone. [C] He lost his way. 7. Why did the man fail to call the woman? [A] He had no time. [B] He forgot the number. [C] He had no coins. 听下⾯⼀段对话，回答第8⾄第10题。