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2018年英语语法详解：定语从句-推荐word版
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英语语法详解：定语从句
指人可用that who, 以下情况多用who;
Those people做先行，There be的结构中；
例句：
1) Those who are for the plan, please raise your hands.
赞成计划的人请举手。
2) People who create computer viruses are called hackers.
制造电脑病毒的人被称为黑客。
3) There was once a little boy who came to the net bar to play games every night.
曾经有一个小男孩每天晚上都来网吧玩游戏。
先行指人不定代，从中做主who要在；
先行词是指人的不定代词，如 one 、someone 、anyone 、nobody 等词，或指人的关系代词在定语从句中做主语，要用who, 而不用that。
例句：
1）Nobody who knows a little scientific knowledge will believe you.
懂得一点科学知识的人都不会相信你的话。
解析：nobody是指人的不定代词，用who, 不用that。
2）The thief who pretended to be a manager was caught stealing a car.。
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Ⅰ. 定义定语从句，起形容词的作用，在句中常用来修饰名词或代词。
被修饰的词称为先行词,引导定语从句的词称为关系词, 关系词的作用一是放在先行词与定语从句中间起引导作用;二是在意义上代替先行词,并在从句中充当一个成分。
其中关系代词：who, whom, whose, which, that, as;关系副词：when, where, why。
eg. She is the girl who sings best of all.The pen which my uncle gave me is missing.He lives in a house whose windows face south.The factory where my father works is in the east of the city.Perhaps the day will come when people will be able to breathe clean air in cities.Ⅱ. 关系代词1. 先行词是人，作主语，关系代词用who, thateg. He is a man( ) never leaves today’s work till tomorrow.The boy ( ) is standing there is my cousin.2. 先行词是人，作宾语，关系代词用 whom, who, that,eg. Here is the man ( ) you’ve been expecting to meet.The man ( ) you met yesterday is Mr. Smith.3. 先行词是物，作主语，关系代词用which, thateg . The train ( ) has just left is for Guangzhou.Children like to read books ( ) have wonderful pictures.4. 先行词是物，作宾语，关系代词用which, that,或省略eg. The book ( ) you borrowed yesterday is really interesting.The pen ( ) my uncle gave me is missing.5. 先行词是人、物，作定语，关系代词用whoseeg. He is the professor ( ) name was Jackson.China, ( ) population is the largest in the world, is developing very fast.Ⅲ. 关系副词1. 先行词是表示时间的名词，在定从中作时间状语，关系代词用wheneg. I can’t remember the date ( ) he went abroad.I’ll never forget the day ( ) I joined the army.2. 先行词是表示地点的名词，在定从中作地点状语，关系代词用where; 其中注意表示抽象概念的地点名词，如，situation、stage、degree、point等表示方面或程度时，也需用whereeg. This is the village ( ) Uncle Wang once lived.They have reached the point ( ) they have to separate with each other.He’s got himself into a dangerous situation ( ) he is likely to lose control over the plane.3. 先行词是reason，在定从中作原因状语，关系代词用whyeg. I don’t know the reason ( ) he was late.None of us know the reason ( ) Tom was absent from the meeting.4.引导定语从句的关系副词也可以用“适当介词+ which”来代替。
定语从句考点知识清单在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。
因为它起的作用相当于一个形容词，所以又叫形容词性从句。
被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词，从句放在先行词后由关系代词或关系副词引导。
关系代词、关系副词所起的作用有三个：1．起连接主从句的作用；2．代替先行词；3．在从句中作成分。
如何使用关系代词、关系副词是根据先行词及其在从句中所充当的成分确定的。
关系代词在定语从句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语等。
关系副词在定语从句中作状语。
定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。
知识梳理考点一关系代词引导的定语从句关系代词有：that(指人，物)，which(指物)，who(指人)，whom(指人)，Whose(指人，物)，as(指人，物)，but(指人，物)。
下面分别讲解。
1．关系代词that既可指人也可指物，在从句中作主语，宾语或表语。
作主语时不能省略，作宾语或表语时可省略。
如：A plane is a machine that can fly．飞机是一种会飞的机器。
(作主语)Let’s ask the man that i s reading a book over there．我们去问一下正在那边看书的那个人。
(作主语)The noodles(that)I cooked were delicious．我做的那些面条好吃极了。
(作宾语)The girl(that)we saw yesterday is Jim’s sister．昨天我们见到的那个女孩是吉姆的妹妹。
(作宾语)After a score of years，John is not the naughty boy(that)he used to be．二十年后，约翰不再是当年那个淘气的男孩了。
(作表语)2．关系代词which一般指物，在从句中作主语，宾语，偶尔也作定语。
作宾语时，可省略。
如：They planted the trees which don’t need much water．他们种植的那些树木不需要浇太多的水。
