数字图像处理课件(冈萨雷斯第三版)

necessary to transform ordinary images into digital images that the
computer can process. Today's digital cameras can directly convert
visual images into digital images. A digitห้องสมุดไป่ตู้l image, similar to raster
Digital Image Processing
Tianjin University of Technology and Education School of Electronic Engineering
2017
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1
Synopsis
The contents of the eight weeks are as follows: The first、second chapter is the introduction and the
The objective world is a three-dimensional space, but the general image is two-dimensional. Two dimensional images inevitably lose part of the information in the process of reflecting the threedimensional world. Even recorded information can be distorted and even difficult to recognize objects. Therefore, it is necessary to recover and reconstruct information from images, and to analyze and extract mathematical models of images so that people can have a correct and profound understanding of what is recorded in the image. This process becomes the process of image processing.

The image on the left is the image processing technique . Used to test computer algorithms A standard image of actual effects . The name of this image is lenna . It is made up of a set of numbers. Original image The width and height are 256 pixels each .There are eight bits in pixels. It is in BMP form at About 66K bytes in size.
The objective world is a three-dimensional space, but the general image is two-dimensional. Two dimensional images inevitably lose part of the information in the process of reflecting the three-dimensional world. Even recorded information can be distorted and even difficult to recognize objects. Therefore, it is necessary to recover and reconstruct information from images, and to analyze and extract mathematical models of images so that people can have a correct and profound understanding of what is recorded in the image. This process becomes the process of image processing.

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2.3 数字图像类型
矢量(Vector)图和位图（Bitmap），位图也称为栅格图像。 矢量图是用数学(准确地说是几何学)公式描述一幅图像。(计 算机图形学)
➢ 优点：一是它的文件数据量很小，因为存储的是其数学公式； 其二是图像质量与分辨率无关，这意味着无论将图像放大或 缩小了多少次，图像总是以显示设备允许的最大清晰度显示。
2.2.3 颜色变换
对彩色图像进行颜色变换，可实现对彩色图像的增强处理，改 善其视觉效果，为进一步处理奠定基础。 基本变换
➢ 颜色变换模型为：g(x,y)=T[ f ( x,y )] 式中：f ( x , y )是彩色输入图像，其值为一般为向量； g ( x , y )是变换或处理后的彩色图像，与 f(x,y)同维； T是在空间域上对f的操作。T对图像颜色的操作 有多种方式；
2.4 图像文件格式 数字图像有多种存储格式，每种格式一般由不同的软件公司开 发所支持。 文件一般包含文件头和图像数据。就像每本书都有封面，目录， 它们的作用类似于文件头，通过文件头我们可读取图像数据。 文件头的内容由该图像文件的公司决定，一般包括文件类型 、 文件制作者、制作时间、版本号、文件大小等内容，还有压缩方 式。
2.2.2 颜色模型
HSI 颜色模型 ➢ 色调H (Hue): 与光波的波长有关，它表示人的感官对不同 颜色的感受，如红色、绿色、蓝色等， ➢ 饱和度(Saturation): 表示颜色的纯度，纯光谱色是完合饱 和的，加入白光会稀释饱和度。饱和度越大，颜色看起来就 会鲜艳，反之亦然。 ➢ 强度I (Intensity)：对应成像亮度和图像灰度，是颜色的 明亮程度。 ➢ HSI模型建立基于两个重要的事实: (1) I分量与图像的彩色 信息无关； (2) H和S分量与人感受颜色的方式是紧密相联 的。这些特点使得HSI模型非常适合彩色特性检测与分析。

The objective world is a three-dimensional space, but the general image is two-dimensional. Two dimensional images inevitably lose part of the information in the process of reflecting the threedimensional world. Even recorded information can be distorted and even difficult to recognize objects. Therefore, it is necessary to recover and reconstruct information from images, and to analyze and extract mathematical models of images so that people can have a correct and profound understanding of what is recorded in the image. This process becomes the process of image processing.
1.1.2 Image technology and image engineering
• A brief history of digital image processing
The generation of digital pictures is far ahead of the computer. The first digital image transmitted by telegraph. In six and 70s, with the development of computer hardware and the discovery of fast Fu Liye transform algorithm, it was possible to use computer to process images. Since 80s, three dimensional images have been processed. Since 90s, with the improvement of computer performance and extensive use, image processing technology has been involved in every corner of society. The image has gradually dominated the media and produced many new industries and new opportunities. The future development of the image processing is limitless. Digital image processing belongs to computer science, but 90% of it relies on mathematics. From this point of view, the digital image processing technology is a very ideal direction for the students of this specialty.