下载文档原格式
高三英语复习备考——冠词1冠词杨国平冠词是高考的必考词类，而且丌仅短文改错会考，语法填空也可能考，因此是考生必须掌握的知识。
冠词用法很复杂，但高考考查的是最常用的用法和习语。
下面主要是本人对十多年来高考试题中的冠词进行的分类归纳，供广大备考师生参考。
一、特指 (丌用丌定冠词)A. 定冠词1. 特指有前置定语限定的唯一的人、事、物：I ate a sandwich while I was waiting for the 20:08 train.2. 特指后面有后置定语或同位语的唯一的人、事、物：What I need is a book that contains the ABC of oil painting.He missed the gold in the high jump, but will get a second chance in the long jump.I know you don't like music very much. But what do you think of the music in the film we saw yesterday?The village where I was born has grown into a town.3. 特指说话双方都知道其所指的人、事、物：I knocked over my coffee cup. It went right over the keyboard.What a pity that you couldn't be there to receive the prize!Sarah looked at the finished painting with satisfaction.I don't understand what the engineer means, but I've got a rough idea of the project plan.4. 特指前面提及的人、事、物及其相关物：Everywhere man has cut down forests in order to grow crops, or to use the wood as fuel or as building material.My neighbor asked me to go for a walk, but I don't think I've got the energy.In the United States, there is always a flow of people to areas of the country where more jobs can be found.5. 特指后面提及的人、事、物：Have you heard the news？The price of petrol is going up again!6. 特指普通名词构成的专有名词：According to the World Health Organization, health care plans are needed in all big cities to prevent thespread of AIDS.We have every reason to believe that the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games will be a success.In the United States, there is always a flow of people to areas of the country where more jobs can be found.As is known to all, the People's Republic of China is the biggest developing country in the world.7. 特指某地某姓氏的一家人：Could you tell me the way to the Johnsons, please?8. 特指丕界上独一无二的事物：There are over 58, 000 rocky objects in space, about 900 of which could fall down onto the earth.(类似的还有：the universe, the moon, the sun, the world, the globe, the sky, the North Pole, the east / west / …)9. 最高级：一定范围之内最……的人、事、物As is known to all, the People's Republic of China is the biggest developing country in the world.(特指一定范围内最……的那人、事、物)B. 零冠词Sam has been appointed manager of the engineeringdepartment to take the place of George.(只能有一人担任的正职作表语、补语和同位语时用零冠词)2二、泛指 (丌用定冠词)1. 丌定冠词：用亍可数的单数普通名词或专有名词a. (首次出现的) 单数可数名词表泛指的任何一个/种/份：Washing machines made by China have won worldwide attention and Haier has become a popular name.You shouldn't put drinks near a computer.In a review of 44 studies, American researchers found that men and women who ate six key foods daily cutthe risk of heart disease by 76%.b. 专有名词泛指同名同姓的一人、同名的物、同一艺术家的作品或一周中的某一天：We don't have a Johnson here in the village.Gorge couldn't remember when he first met Mr. Anderson, but he was sure it was a Sunday becauseeverybody was at church.I can't tell you the way to the Wilsons' because we don't havea Wilson here in the village.The visitors here are impressed by the fact that people from all walks of life are working hard for a new Jiangsu.With all these attractions, no wonder tourism is increasing wherever there is a Disneyland.c. 序数词前用丌定冠词泛指在原基础上的'又一'个、份、种、天：First impressions are the most lasting. After all, you never get a second chance to make the first impression.In order to find a better job, he decided to study a second foreign language.d. 表示独一无二的事物的名词普通化后丌再表独一无二的事物：He placed a fixed sun at the centre of the solar system with the planets going round it.(句中的 sun 普通化后指类似太阳的恒星)What a wonderful, limitless world it was down there! (句中的world 普通化后指情景、一种小天地)2. 零冠词：(用亍可数名词复数或丌可数名词)a. 首次出现的可数名词复数：Everywhere man has cut down forests in order to grow crops, or to use the wood as fuel or as building material.The visitors here are impressed by the fact that people from all walks of life are working hard for a new Jiangsu.b. 首次出现的抽象名词、物质名词等丌可数名词Some people fear that air pollution may bring about changes in the weather around the world.Washing machines made by China have won worldwide attention and Haier has become a popular name.India attained independence in 1947, after a long struggle.三、类指1. 零冠词 (用亍可数名词复数或丌可数名词)a. 物质名词、音乐、体育(球类、棋类、游戏)、疾病名称、学科名称、语言名称：Polar bears live mostly on sea ice, which they use as a platform for hunting seals.I know you don't like music very much. But what do you think of the music in the film we saw yesterday?In a review of 44 studies, American researchers found that men and women who ate six key foods daily cutthe risk of heart disease by 76%.Carl is studying food science at college and hopes to open up a meat processing factory of his own one day.b. 习惯用法Animals are obviously a lower form of life than man.2. 定冠词 (用亍可数名词单数)a. 单数可数名词指一整类：For him the stage is just a means of making a living.In many places in China, the bicycle is still a popular means of transportation.3b. 形容词等表示一类人：Life is like an ocean: only the strong-willed can reach the other shore.3. 丌定冠词(用亍可数名词单数)：单数可数名词指一类事物中的一个/份：The walk is expected to last all day, so bring a packed lunch.The biggest whale is a blue whale, which grows to be about 29 meters long — the height of a 9-story building.Animals are obviously a lower form of life than man.四、具体名词抽象化和抽象名词个体化1. 零冠词：具体名词抽象化——某些地点名词抽象化后表通常在该地点进行的活动：Gorge couldn't remember when he first met Mr. Anderson, but he was sure it was a Sunday becauseeverybody was at church.I began school at six.2. 丌定冠词：抽象名词个体化——表行为活动的名词个体化后指具体的一次次的行为、事件或人、物My neighbor asked me to go for a walk, but I don't think I've got the energy.It's not a good idea to drive for four hours without a break.In the United States, there is always a flow of people to areasof the country where more jobs can be found.五、习惯用法：A. 零冠词：Child as he is, he knows a lot.We went right round to the west coast by sea instead of driving across the continent.There are over 58, 000 rocky objects in space, about 900 of which could fall down onto the earth.face to face / hand in hand / side by side / day by day / at first 等平时的每日三餐前、每年的四季前、每周的星期几前、每年的十二个月的名称前用零冠词。
第一章冠词一、分类1、定冠词：the2、不定冠词：a 放于辅音开头的名词前面an 放于元音（非元音字母）开头的名词前面an umbrella a university an x-ray二、不定冠词1、第一次提到某人或某物时，用不定冠词起介词的作用There is a tree over there.2、A camel is a useful animal.①表示种类，有“any, every, per”之意，不必翻译此时不定冠词可以改成the或不用冠词只用名词复数形式。
Camels are useful animals.②表示“one”之意，表数量，有“一”的含义。
He will be back in a week.③表单位，用于表时间、速度、价格等意义的名词前，有“每一”之意。
Take this medicine three times a day.This cloth is 10 yuan a meter.3、用于不可数名词前的几种情况：①物质名词coffee, food, tea, fog, wind, rain, snow等，在表示“一种、一场”的意义（常有形容词修饰）时。
a black teaThere was a heavy rain yesterday.②一些表示情感的不可数名词feeling, joy, surprise, pleasure等表示具体化的一种心理情感或情绪（多有一个描述性形容词）The little girl is a great joy to her parents.③education, history, knowledge, population, time, world等前加a/an表示其部分或某一方面的概念，内容。
a knowledge of EnglishChina has a population of 1.3 billion.④danger, difficulty, disappointment, failure, help, success, wonder等前，表示“一种……的人或事物。
一、冠词的基本概念冠词是英语中一类功能词，用于限定名词，分为定冠词和不定冠词两种。
其中，定冠词包括“the”，不定冠词包括“a”和“an”。
冠词在句子中的作用是用来限定名词的范围或者强调名词的特指性。
二、冠词的用法1. 定冠词“the”的用法1) 特指某一事物或某一类事物：The sun rises in the east.（太阳从东方升起。
）2) 特指已经提到过或者被谈论过的人或物：I found a book on the table. The book is very interesting.（我在桌上找到了一本书。
那本书非常有趣。
）3) 特指上下文中唯一的事物：The moon is the only natural satellite of the Earth.（月球是地球的唯一自然卫星。
）4) 特指某一地区、民族、家族、建筑物等：The United States is a developed country.（美国是一个发达国家。
）5) 特指乐器、船舶等专有名称：She can play the piano very well.（她弹钢琴很好。
）6) 特指河流、海洋、群岛等专有名称：The Mississippi River is the second longest river in the United State.（密西西比河是美国第二长的河流。
）7) 特指乐谱、报纸、杂志等专有名称：She is reading the People's Daily now.（她现在正在看《人民日报》。
）8) 特指世界上独一无二的事物：The sun, the moon, the earth, the sky, etc.（太阳、月亮、地球、天空等。
）特别要注意的是，当我们谈论的是一类事物而不是特指某一个具体的事物时，可以用“the ＋单数名词”来表示这类事物的共性。
“The tiger is an endangered species.”（老虎是一种濒临灭绝的物种。
冠词专题知识清单原版一、不定冠词a/an（一）不定冠词基本用法1.a的用法：冠词后第一个音标为辅音音标（注意：不是辅音字母_）时。
2.an的用法：冠词后第一个音标为元音音标_（注意：不是元音字母_）时。
3.a/an还可以表达：one, the same; every__的意思。
（二）固定短语1.突然：all of a sudden2.事实上：in fact = as a matter of fact3.一个…..的问题：a matter of…4.暂时，一会儿：for a while5.知道：have a knowledge of….6.由…人口：have a population of….7.节食：go on a diet8.搭便车：get a lift = get a ride9.一种…的感觉：a sense of….10.通常，照例：as usual11.不知所措，困惑：at a loss12.一会儿：in a moment13.匆忙：in a hurry14.总之：in a word15.试一试：have a try= have a go16.偶尔：once in a while17.谋生：make a living18.从前：once upon a time19.对…有兴趣：take an interest in….20.在某种程度上：in a way21.从某种意义上：in a sense22.有…历史：have a history of…23.休息：have a rest= take a rest = have a break = take a break24.有….天赋：have a gift for….25.二、定冠词the1.用在表__特指的人或物前面。
2.用在__年代__, _朝代或方位_的名词前面。
3.用在表度量单位名词前，表“_每一__”。
按小时：by the hour按天：by the day按周：by the week按月：by the month按一打：by the dozen按码：by the yard按吨：by the ton按公斤：by the kilogram按公里：by the kilometer按大小尺寸：by size按重量：by weight4.“the+ 形容词或分词”，表_一类人___.5.“_the+姓氏复数__”表示一家人或夫妇二人。
高考语法填空抢分热点之冠词一、考点精讲冠词包括定冠词the和不定冠词a/an。
the表示“特指”；a/an表示“泛指”，an用在元音音素开头的词前，a用在以辅音音素开头的词前。
1.常用定冠词the的情况：（1）the+序数词，表示“第几”，强调顺序；a/an+序数词，表示“又一，再一”，不强调顺序。
例如：Bill is the fourth man to enter the room.（比尔是第四个进入房间的人。
）He has tried eleven times，but he wants a twelfth time.（他已经试了11次了，但他还想再试一次。
）（2）the+形容词最高级。
例如：He is the tallest of the five.（他是这五个人中最高的。
）（3）the+ 姓氏复数，表示“某人一家”，作主语，后面的谓语动词用复数形式。
例如：The Blacks are at table.（布莱克一家正在吃饭。
）（4）the+ 形容词，表示“一类人”，作主语时，后面的谓语动词用复数形式。
例如：The homeless are lying under the trees.（无家可归的人躺在树下。
）（5）play the +西洋乐器（piano/violin/guitar等）。
例如：The girls are playing the piano.（女孩们正在弹钢琴。
）2. 用不定冠词a/an的情况：抽象名词具体化。
抽象名词具体化通常可分为以下两类：I. 表示情感、情绪的词，强调具体的人或事时常将其具体化使用。
a surprise令人吃惊的人或事（可数名词）a success一个成功的人或事（可数名词）a pleasure一个乐事、一个乐趣（可数名词）an honor一种光荣的人或事（可数名词）a failure/failures失败的人或事（可数名词）a comfort一个令人安慰的人或事（可数名词）a beauty美人、美丽的东西（可数名词）a danger可能引起危险的人或物（可数名词）an encouragement 一个令人受鼓舞的人或一件令人受鼓舞的事a pride令人骄傲的人或事（可数名词）a pity 一件遗憾的事a threat 一个构成威胁的人或事物His hope has become a reality.（他的希望变成了现实）It’s a great help to me.（这对我帮助很大）II. 表示“一次”、“一场”、“一段”等“一……”的概念，常与动词连用构成短语，名词前常有形容词修饰。
高考英语语法填空冠词知识点与谓语动词表冠词(Article)是一种虚词，在句子中一般不重读，本身不能独立使用，只能与名词放在一起(一般用于名词之前 )帮助说明名词所指的人或事物，包含不定冠词(Indefinite Article)、定冠词(Definite Article)、否定冠词(Negative article)、部分冠词(Partitive article)和零冠词(Zero Article，即不用冠词)。
小编在这里整理了相关资料，希望能帮助到您。
冠词分不定冠词(indefinite article)和定冠词(definite article)两种，一般无句子重音。
1)不定冠词 a，ana) a 和an 均用在单数名词之前，表示某一类人或事物中的"一个"，相当于汉语的"一"，但不强调数目观念。
b) a 用在辅音之前，an 用在元音之前。
如：a notebook 一个笔记本，a cigarette 一支香烟，an old man 一位老人，an English class 一堂英语课。
字母 u 读作[ju:]时，由于第一个音[j]是辅音，故前面用 a，不用 an。
如：a useful book 一本有用的书，a university 一所大学。
字母 h 如不发音，第一个音又是元音，前面用 an 而不用 a，如 an hour [ən'auə]一小时，an honest [ən' nist] person 一个诚实的人。
c) a 和 an 在句中分别弱读作[E]和[En]。
2)定冠词 thea)表示某一类人或事物中的"某一个"或"某一些"，相当于汉语的"这"或"那"。
b)不论单数名词或复数名词，也不论可数名词或不可数名词，前面都可以用 the。
c)在元音前读[Ti]，辅音前读[TE]。
语法复习十九：冠词（一）考纲要求考纲规定，冠词考查基本用法，包括定冠词与不定冠词，不定冠词a与an的区别；不用冠词的情况；习语中的冠词；特指与泛指等。
（三）基本用法当代语法把冠词分为不定冠词、定冠词和零冠词（即不用冠词）三种。
冠词是一种虚词，起限定作用，是最主要最典型的限定词，放在名词（或名词化的形容词分词）前面，说明其所指的人或物。
1、定冠词的基本用法：①表示上文提到过的人或事物。
如：I have bought a book. The book is very useful.②用于说话人与听话人心中都有数的人或事物。
如：Close the window, please.③用于表示世界上独一无二的事物前。
如：the sun, the moon, the earth, the world等。
④用于表示方位的名词之前。
如：the east, the right.⑤用于序数词或形容词的最高级之前。
如：the first, the tallest.⑥用于形容词之前，使其名词化。
如：the sick, the wounded.⑦用于由普通名词构成的专有名词之前。
如：the United States, the United Nation.⑧用于江河、海洋、海峡、山脉、群岛、建筑物等的名词之前。
如：the Changjiang River, the East Lake.⑨用于复数姓氏之前，表示“夫妇”或“全家”。
如：The Smiths⑩用于乐器的名词前。
如：play the piano; play the violin.⑾发明物。
如：The compass was invented in China.⑿年代名词前。
如：He lived in the countryside in the 1970s.⒀固定词组中。
如：in the morning(afternoon, evening), on the other hand , at the same time2、不定冠词的基本用法：①泛指一个。
