专题六 动词的时态和语态

专题06 动词的时态、语态和主谓一样2024年高考真题1.（2024新高考I卷）The plan will extend protection to a significant number of areas that __________ (be)previously unprotected,答案：were解析：考查时态和主谓一样。

句意：该安排将把爱护范围扩大到大量以前未受爱护的地区，将很多现有的大熊猫爱护区纳入一个管理机构，以提高效率，削减管理上的不一样性。

设空处在that引导的限制性定语从句中作谓语，先行词为a significant number of areas，先行词在从句中作主语，依据“previously (之前地)”可知从句的时态应为一般过去时，依据主谓一样，从句主语复数，从句谓语复数形式。

故填were。

2.（2024新高考I卷）After a three-year pilot period, the GPNP will be officially set up next year. The GPNP __________ (design)to reflect the guiding principle of “protecting the authenticity and integrity(完整性)of natural ecosystems, preserving biological diversity, protecting ecological buffer zones, and leaving behind precious natural assets(资产)for future generations”.答案：is designed解析：考查时态语态和主谓一样。

句意：GPNP旨在体现“爱护自然生态系统的真实性和完整性，爱护生物多样性，爱护生态缓冲区，为子孙后代留下珍贵的自然资产”的指导原则。

动词时态和语态动词时态是指动词在句子中表示的动作或状态所处的时间。

动词语态是指动作的发出者与承受者在句子中的关系。

在英语中，时态和语态的运用对于句子的表达和理解至关重要。

本文将介绍动词时态和语态的基本概念和运用要点。

一、动词时态1. 现在时态现在时态表示现在的动作或状态。

一般现在时表示经常性的、普遍的真理或习惯性的动作，例如：- Water boils at 100 degrees Celsius.（水在100摄氏度时沸腾。

）- I go to school by bus every day.（我每天坐公交车去上学。

）现在进行时表示现在正在进行的动作，例如：- I am watching a movie right now.（我正在看电影。

）现在完整时表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响，例如：- I have lost my keys.（我把我的钥匙弄丢了。

）2. 过去时态过去时态表示过去发生的动作或状态。

一般过去时表示过去某个时间点或某一段时间内发生的动作，例如：- I went to the park yesterday.（我昨天去了公园。

）过去进行时表示过去某个时间点或某一段时间内正在进行的动作，例如：- At 5 o'clock yesterday, I was studying.（昨天5点钟的时候，我正在学习。

）过去完成时表示在过去某个时间点之前已经完成的动作，例如：- He had already finished his homework when I called him.（我给他打电话的时候，他已经完成作业了。

）3. 将来时态将来时态表示将要发生的动作或状态。

一般将来时表示将来某个时间点或某一段时间内将要发生的动作，例如：- I will go to the party tomorrow.（明天我要去参加派对。

）将来进行时表示将来某个时间点或某一段时间内正在进行的动作，例如：- This time next month, I will be traveling in Europe.（下个月的这个时候，我将在欧洲旅行。

专题06 动词时态和语态一真题感悟1.(2020高考全国卷Ⅰ)The unmanned Chang’e-4 probe -- the name was inspired by an ancient Chinese moon goddess--_____(touch) down last week in the South Pole-Aitken basin.【答案】touched【解析】考查谓语动词的时态。

根据时间状语last week可知，此处是叙述过去发生的动作，应该使用一般过去时，因此应该填入所给动词的过去式。

2.(2021 高考全国乙卷改错）And hopes this this can inspire more thinking on the topic!【答案】hopes改为hope【解析】考查谓语动词的时态和主谓一致。

本句为省略句子主语I，故将hopes改为hope。

3.(2020高考全国卷II) This is why decorating with plans, fruits and flowers _____(carry) special significance.【答案】carries【解析】考查动词时态和主谓一致。

本句讲述春节习俗，应用一般现在时，句子主语为decorating with plants, fruits and flowers。

动名词短语作主语时，谓语动词需用单数形式。

5.(2020高考全国卷III)The artist was sure he would _____(choose), but when he presented his masterpiece to the emperor’s chief minister, the old man laughed.【答案】be chosen【解析】考查被动语态。

句意“这位艺术家特别确信自己能被选上”。

分析句子结构可知，动词choose与主语he之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，且在情态动词后，故填be chosen。

专题六时态和语态时态英语中不同时间和方式发生的动作或状态要用谓语动词的不同形式来表示，这种表示动作或状态发生时间和方式的动词形式称作动词时态。

时间主要有四个主要部分，即现在、过去、将来和过去将来。

动作方面也有四种，即一般、完成、进行和完成进行。

中学课本中常见的时态有以下几种：时态构成用法一般现在时主语＋动词(单数第三人称＋s或es)表示现在的特征、状态、经常性动作或客观事实等现在进行时主语＋am (is，are)＋现在分词表示说话时正在进行的动作或现阶段正在进行的动作现在将来时(1)主语＋will(shall)＋动词原形(2)主语＋am (is, are)＋goingto ＋动词原形表示在现在看来将要发生的动作或存在的状态现在完成时主语＋have (has)＋过去分词(1)动作发生于过去，一直持续到现在，可以和表示持续性的时间状语连用。

(2)动作发生于过去，已经完成，但这个动作对现在有影响，一般没有明显的时间状语，主要通过上下文来理解。

时态构成用法一般过去时主语＋动词的过去式表示过去某时发生动作(包括过去习惯性的动作)或存在的状态过去进行时主语＋was (were)＋现在分词表示过去某个时间正在进行的动作过去将来时主语＋would ＋动词原形表示从过去某个时间看来将要发生的动作或存在的状态过去完成时主语＋had ＋过去分词既可以表示在过去某一个时间或动作之前就发生或完成的动作，也可表示过去发生的某一动作一直持续到过去的另一个时间或动作。

现在完成进行时主语＋have (has) been ＋现在分词现在完成进行时表示从过去某一时间开始一直延续到现在的动作。

现在这个动作可能刚刚终止，也可能仍在进行。

语态语态是表示主语和动词之间语法关系及语义关系的动词形式，有主动语态和被动语态两种形式。

英语中的语态和时态是不可分割的，每种时态都有其相应的语态形式语态构成例句一般现在时的被动语态主语＋am(is, are)＋过去分词The lion is considered the king of the forest as it is a symbol of courage and power.现在进行时的被动语态主语＋am(is, are)＋being＋过去分词My car is being repaired at present.现在将来时的被动语态主语＋will(shall) be ＋过去分词/主语＋am(is, are)＋goingto be＋过去分词The new bridge will be completedat the end of the year.现在完成时的被动语态主语＋have(has) been＋过去分词I am surprised that you should have beenfooled by such a simple trick.一般过去时的被动语态主语＋was (were)＋过去分词Marie Curie took little notice of the honorsthat were given to her in her later years.过去进行时的被动语态主语＋was (were) ＋being ＋过去分词I had the distinct impression that I was beingfollowed.过去将来时的被动语态主语＋would be＋过去分词The workers scented changes that would bemade in the company.过去完成时的被动语态主语＋had been ＋过去分词The new suspension bridge had beendesigned by the end of last month.一、时态动词的时态是英语语法的重中之重，因为它们与句子结构、句子表达、语言逻辑紧密相连，无论是单选、完形、阅读还是书面表达都离不开时态。

动词的时态和语态动词的时态和语态是语法学中非常重要的概念，在日常的英语交流中，准确使用时态和语态能够明确表达发生的时间、主语的态度以及动作的进行方式。

本文将就动词的时态和语态展开探讨。

一、动词的时态动词的时态主要有以下几种：一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时、将来进行时、现在完成时、过去完成时、将来完成时等。

1. 一般现在时一般现在时表示经常性、习惯性或普遍的真理。

形式上，一般现在时动词的用法相对简单，一般只需将动词原形加s或es。

例：She likes to read books.（她喜欢读书。

）2. 一般过去时一般过去时表示在过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态。

常见的一般过去时动词形式是在动词的原形后加-ed或者改变拼写。

例：He studied at Harvard University.（他在哈佛大学学习。

）3. 一般将来时一般将来时表示将来要发生的动作或存在的状态。

一般将来时的语态形式是由“will/shall + 动词原形”构成。

例：I will go to the park tomorrow.（明天我将去公园。

）4. 现在进行时现在进行时表示正在进行的动作。

现在进行时的时态形式是由“be 动词(am/is/are)+动词-ing形式”构成。

例：They are playing basketball now.（他们现在正在打篮球。

）5. 过去进行时过去进行时表示过去某个时间正在进行的动作。

过去进行时的时态形式是由“was/were + 动词-ing形式”构成。

例：He was studying at the library yesterday.（昨天他在图书馆学习。

）6. 将来进行时将来进行时表示将来某个时间正在进行的动作。

将来进行时的时态形式是由“will be + 动词-ing形式”构成。

例：They will be traveling to Europe next month.（他们下个月将要去欧洲旅行。

动词时态和语态动词时态和语态是语法中非常重要的概念，它们能够精确表达动作发生的时间、态度和对象。

正确地使用动词时态和语态可以让我们的表达更加准确、流畅。

本文将为大家介绍动词时态和语态的基本知识和用法，并提供一些实例来加深理解。

一、动词时态1.一般现在时（Simple Present）一般现在时用于描述经常发生的动作、客观事实、科学真理或个人习惯等。

它的构成方式为：主语 + 动词原形。

例句：1) I watch TV every evening.（我每晚都看电视。

）2) The sun rises in the east.（太阳从东方升起。

）3) She speaks French fluently.（她流利地说法语。

）2.一般过去时（Simple Past）一般过去时用于描述过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态。

它的构成方式为：主语 + 动词过去式。

例句：1) They visited their grandparents last week.（他们上周去看望了他们的祖父母。

）2) I lived in London for five years.（我在伦敦生活了五年。

）3) He didn't finish his homework yesterday.（他昨天没完成作业。

）3.一般将来时（Simple Future）一般将来时用于描述将要发生的动作或存在的状态。

它的构成方式为：主语 + will + 动词原形。

例句：1) I will call you later.（我过会儿会给你打电话。

）2) They will travel to Japan next month.（他们下个月会去日本旅行。

）3) She won't be here tomorrow.（她明天不会在这里。

）4.现在进行时（Present Continuous）现在进行时用于描述当前正在进行的动作。

它的构成方式为：主语+ am/is/are + 动词-ing。

A组2022～2022年各省市高考题（改编）1．(2022·全国Ⅰ，62)I________(allow)to get up close to these cute animals at the 600－acre centre.2．(2022·全国Ⅰ，短文改错)Every day he makes sure that fresh vegetables and high quality oil are using for cooking.________3．(2022·全国Ⅱ，43)Leaving the less important things until tomorrow ________(be) often acceptable.4．(2022·全国Ⅲ，42)Sometimes chopsticks are quite artistic.Truly elegant chopsticks might ________(make)of gold and silver with Chinese characters.5．(2022·全国Ⅲ，49)Confucius believed knives would remind people of killings and ________(be) too violent for use at the table.6．(2022·北京，21)Jack________(work) in the lab when the power cut occurred.7．(2022·北京，23)—Excuse me, which movie are you waiting for?—The new Star Wars.We________(wait)here for more than two hours.8．(2022·北京，25)I________(read) half of the English novel, and I’ll try to finish it at the weekend.9．(2022·北京，30)The students have been working hard on their lessons and their efforts________ (reward) success in the end.10．(2022·四川，阅读D)Night milk quickened the start of sleep and ________(cause) the mice to sleep longer.11．(2022·四川，61)The giant panda________(love) by people throughout the world.12．(2022·江苏，22)More efforts, as reported，________(make) in the years ahead to accelerate the supply－side structural reform.13．(2022·江苏，29)Dashan, who________(learn) crosstalk, the Chinese comedic tradition, for decades, wants to mix it up with the Western stand－up tradition.14．(2022·浙江，9)Silk ________ (become) one of the primary goods traded along the Silk Road by about 100 BC.15．(2022·浙江，14)When the time came to make the final decision for a course, I decided to apply for the one that ________(reflect) my interest.16．(2021·江苏，30)The real reason why prices ________(be), and still are, too high is complex, and no short discussion can satisfactorily explain this problem.17．(2021·湖南，22)As you go through this book, you ________(find)that each of the millions of people who lived through World War Ⅱhad a different experience.18．(2021·湖南，25)I wasn't able to hide my eagerness when I ________(ask), “What do you wish me to do now？”19．(2021·湖南，28)He must have sensed that I ________(look)at him.He suddenly glanced at me and said quietly, “Why are you staring at me like that？”20．(2021·湖南，32)I had a strong desire to reach in and play with the toy, but ________(hold)back thankfully by the shop window.21．(2021·北京，22)—Did you enjoy the party?—Yes.We ________(treat)well by our hosts.22．(2021·北京，26)In the last few years, China ________(make)great achievements in environmental protection.23．(2021·北京，27)—Did you have difficulty finding Ann's house?—Not really.She ________( give)us clear directions and we were able to find it easily.24．(2021·北京，30)—Dr.Jackson is not in his office at the moment.—All right.I ________(call)him later.25．(2021·浙江，8)Albert Einstein was born in 1879.As a child, few people guessed that he ________(go)be a famous scientist whose theories would change the world.26．(2021·重庆，1)—Is Peter coming?—No, he ________(change)his mind after a phone call at the last minute.27．(2021·重庆，13)In my hometown, there is always a harvest supper for the farmers after all the wheat________ (cut)．28．(2021·陕西，22)Marty ________ (work)really hard on his book and he thinks he'll have finished it by Friday.29．(2021·陕西，24)At college，Barack Obama didn't know that he________(become) the first black president of the United States of America.30．(2021·四川，4)More expressways________(build) in Sichuan soon to promote the local economy.31．(2021·天津，6)Jane can't attend the meeting at 3 o'clock this afternoon because she ________(teach)a class at that time.32．(2021·天津，9)Despite the previous rounds of talks, no agreement________ (reach)so far by the two sides.33．(2021·安徽，24)Just as I got to the school gate, I realised I________(leave)my book in the cafe.34．(2021·安徽，29)It is reported that a space station________(build)on the moon in years to come.35．(2021·福建，26)To my delight, I ________ (choose)from hundreds of applicants to attend the opening ceremony.36．(2021·福建，30)—Where is Peter? I can't find him anywhere.—He went to the library after breakfast and ________ (write)his essay there ever since.37．(2022·安徽，23)The twins，who ________(finish) their homework，were allowed to play badminton on the playground.38．(2022·北京，22)—Hi，let's go skating.—Sorry，I'm busy right now.I ________ (fill) in an application form for a new job.39．(2022·北京，31)—What time is it?—I have no idea.But just a minute，I ________(check) it for you.40．(2022·大纲全国，22)Unless extra money________(find)，the theatre will close.41．(2022·福建，23)—Haven't seen you for ages! Where have you been?—I went to Ningxia and________(stay) there for one year，teaching as a volunteer.42．(2022·湖南，28)Since the time humankind started gardening，we ________(try) to make our environment more beautiful.43．(2022·江苏，23)—How much do you know about the Youth Olympic Games to be held in Nanjing?—Well，the media ________ (cover) it in a variety of forms.44．(2022·山东，1)Writing out all the invitations by hand was more time-consuming than we________(expect)．45．(2022·山东，5)They made up their mind that they________(buy) a new house once Larry changed jobs.B组2022～2021模拟精选题1．(2022·湖南四县联考)I sat down on the edge of a curb (路缘) and________(listen)．2．(2022·天水一中模拟)—Have you been to the United States?—Yes, only once.I________(stay) there only for seven days.3．(2022·济宁模拟)I________(think) about what you’ve said and I’ve decided to take your advice.4．(2022·福建泉州三月质检)I wondered why John kept it a secret.It was not until he________(ask) three times that he told me the truth.5．(2022·陕西临潼华清中学模拟)—The constant noise around here ________(drive) me crazy!—Calm down.It’s no use complaining.6．(2022·兰州联考)—I wonder if you could go with me to the supermarket.—Don’t disturb me.I ________(write)my daily report this morning and haven’t finished yet.7．(2022·湖南浏阳一中期中)It was the fourth time she ________(shop) online for hours.8．(2021·福州八中质检)Being too anxious to help an event develop often ________(result) in the contrary to our intention.9．(2021·保定六市六校联盟)By April 2008，over 10 million articles ________(put) on Wikipedia.10．(2021·吉林一中月考)For thousands of years，the festival ________(mark) by eating Zongzi and racing dragon boats in honour of Qu Yuan.11．(2021·内蒙古包钢一中月考)I’m so sorry，but sometimes the bus can ________ (delay) by some problems.12．(2021·海南中学月考)Now college graduates ________(encourage) to start their own business，which sounds really good for us.13．(2021·宁夏银川一中月考)So far I ________(adopt) and taught children for over 35 years.14．(2021·广东揭阳一中、潮州金山中学联考)So the questions must ________(deal) with carefully，the same way you would handle any other hot potato.15．(2021·内蒙古师大附中月考)As a child，I lived in a poor family...the worst impression is that I ________ (feel) hungry all the time.16．(2021·黑龙江双鸭山一中月考)Sandy：What about his sister，Kate? Did she pass?Tom：Oh，yes.It seems she________(get) good marks.17．(2021·河南洛阳一高月考)I think Chinese people choose chopsticks，rather than knives and forks，because Chinese people，under the influence of Confucianism，________(consider) knives and forks as symbolizing a type of violence traditionally.18．(2021·辽宁锦州市质量检测一)He jumped out of the car，________(seize) a boy and pushed him up against the parked car.参考答案A组2022～2022年各省市高考题（改编）1．was allowed依据语境及allow sb to do sth这一固定句式可知，我应当是被允许接近这些可爱的动物。

动词的时态与语态动词是语言中最基本的词类之一，它用来表示一个动作、状态或者存在的事物。

在使用动词时，我们需要注意时态和语态的使用，以便准确地传达信息。

本文将针对动词时态和语态进行详细的分析和说明。

一、时态时态是用来表示动作或状态发生的时间。

一般来说，英语中有12种时态，包括简单现在时、现在进行时、现在完成时、过去时、过去进行时、过去完成时、简单将来时、将来进行时、将来完成时、过去将来时、过去将来完成时和现在将来完成时。

每种时态都有其自己的构成和使用规则。

1. 简单现在时：表示经常性的、习惯性的或普遍的真理。

例如：- He plays basketball every Sunday.（他每个星期天打篮球。

）- The sun rises in the east.（太阳从东方升起。

）2. 现在进行时：表示现在正在进行的动作。

例如：- She is studying for her exams.（她正在为考试学习。

）- We are having dinner right now.（我们正在吃晚餐。

）3. 现在完成时：表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。

例如：- They have finished their homework.（他们已经完成了作业。

）- I have never been to Paris.（我从未去过巴黎。

）4. 过去时：表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态。

例如：- She visited her grandparents last weekend.（她上周末去看望了她的祖父母。

）- They lived in London for five years.（他们在伦敦住了五年。

）5. 过去进行时：表示过去某个时间正在进行的动作。

例如：- He was playing football when it started to rain.（当开始下雨时，他正在踢足球。

）- They were studying together at the library yesterday.（昨天他们在图书馆一起学习。

动词的时态与语态动词作为语言中最基本的成分之一，承载着表达动作、状态和时间的重要职责。

在语法中，动词的时态和语态是两个重要的概念。

时态表示动作发生的时间，而语态展示了动作主体与动作受体之间的关系。

下面将对动词时态和语态进行详细介绍。

一、动词的时态时态是用来表示动作在时间上的位置和变化的形式。

英语中的时态包括一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时、将来进行时、现在完成时、过去完成时、将来完成时等多种形式。

1. 一般现在时一般现在时表示经常性、习惯性或普遍性的动作或状态。

主要使用动词的原形。

例如：- She often goes to the park in the morning.（她经常在早上去公园。

）- Cats like to play with balls.（猫喜欢玩球。

）2. 一般过去时一般过去时用来表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态。

一般过去时通常使用动词的过去式。

例如：- I studied English last night.（昨晚我学习了英语。

）- They lived in London before.（他们曾经住在伦敦。

）3. 一般将来时一般将来时表示将来某个时间会发生的动作或存在的状态。

一般将来时通常使用情态动词"will"或其他助动词。

例如：- I will go to the party tomorrow.（明天我将会去派对。

）- He is going to visit his grandparents next week.（下周他将会去看望他的祖父母。

）4. 现在进行时现在进行时表示现在正在进行的动作。

现在进行时通常使用be动词的现在分词形式。

例如：- They are playing football in the park now.（他们正在公园里踢足球。

）- I am studying for my exam at the moment.（此刻我正在为考试而学习。