电磁式振动台的设计

摘要

本课题来源于青岛********有限责任公司相关产品的振动试验， 对产品 进行振动试验的目的在于发现产品的早期故障， 并通过模拟实际工况考核和

结构强度试验，确定所设计、制造的产品在运输及使用过程中承受外界振动 或者自身振动而不至被破坏，通过检测成品或半成品是否存在连接件松动、 共振、焊点漏焊或脱焊、印刷板插脚接触不良等情况，检测产品的耐振性能， 从而增强产品可靠性，发挥其性能并达到产品的预期寿命。

本课题研究的是设计并制造一个振动台， 本文在详述国内外振动台的研

究现状基础上，充分利用振动台系统特点及设计要求，详细介绍了系统设计 的原理和具体的设计方法、步骤。

本课题设计的振动台采用电磁铁作为激振器，从系统的原理设计、动力 学分析设计开始，到主要部件的选择和参数的确定，建立了系统的数学模型 并进行系统特性分析，并通过 Solidworks进行仿真建模，借助Simulation 对设计中的主要部件进行仿真校核，以提高振动台的使用性能，为本次设计 提供了理论基础。

本文运用理论分析设计与试验研究相结合的方法，进行了对振动台的设 计，并针对振动台的控制方面进行了论述，在理论设计的基础上进行加工制 造，最终设计并制造出一台满足使用要求的振动台，为本次设计提供了实践 经验。

关键词：振动试验；振动台；激振器；共振；变频系统

Abstract

The task of the graduation design comes from Qingdao ** ** **Co., Ltd.

related products vibrati on test, the purpose of the product is that the vibratio n test

to detect early failure of products by simulating actual working condition assessme ntand structural stre ngth test, determ ine the desig n, manu facture the product

itself withsta nd exter nal vibrati on or vibrati on duri ng tran sport and use process

without to be destroyed, by detect ing the prese nee or abse nee of fini shed or

semi-finished connector loose, resonance, spot weld or sealing off, poor con tact

pin prin ti ng plates, etc., detect ion vibratio n-resista nt performa nee of the

product, thereby enhancing product reliability, to play its performanee and achieve

the life expecta ncy of the product.

This research project is to desig n and manu facture a vibrati on table, on the

basis of domestic and foreig n research status vibrat ing table detaili ng the full

use of vibrati on table system characteristics and desig n requireme nts, detailed

system desig n prin ciples and specific desig n methods and procedures .

This paper desig ned vibrati on table used electromag net as exciter, start ing

from the prin ciple of system desig n, dyn amic an alysis and desig n, to ide ntify

the major components of the selection and parameter mathematical model of the

system and system characterization, and by Solidworks simulation modeling, with

the main comp onents Simulatio n desig n simulatio n verificati on, i mprove the

performa nee of the vibrati ng table, based views desig ned to provide a

theoretical basis.

In this paper, the design and experimental research method of combining

theoretical an alysis carried out on the vibrati on table desig n, and for the eon trolof the vibratio n table were discussed, con duct process ing on the basis of

theoretical desig n, final desig n and manu facture a meet use requireme nts

shaker, based views desig ned to provide practical experie nee.

Keywords： Vibration test; vibration table； Electromagnetic vibrator；

resonance Frequency conversion control

ill目 录

摘要 ........................................................... I

Abstract .......................................................................................... IL

1绪论 ....................................................... 6..

1.1引言 .............................................................. 6

1.2课题来源 .......................................................... 7

1.3振动台的分类及国内外现状 ......................................... 8

1.3.1振动台的分类 ....................................................... 8

1.3.2国内外发展现状 ................................................... 10

2电磁振动台的理论设计 ...................................... 13

2.1电磁振动台概述 ................................................... 13

2.1.1振动现象对产品的影响 ............................................. 13

2.1.1振动试验的目的 ................................................... 13

2.1.2电磁振动台的设计要求 ............................................. 14

2.1.3电磁振动台的结构概述 ............................................. 15

2.1.4电磁振动台的工作原理 ............................................. 16

2.2电磁振动台的动力学分析 .......................................... 17

2.3电磁振动台的动力学参数的计算 .................................... 20

2.3.1质体1和质体2的计算质量与诱导质量 ............................... 20

2.3.2有载频率比和空载频率比 ........................................... 22

2.3.3台面振幅与相对振幅的计算及工作频率的确定 ......................... 22

2.3.4主振弹簧刚度的计算 ............................................... 23

2.3.5阻尼比与相位差角的计算 ........................................... 24

2.3.6主谐波激振力、基本电磁力和最大电磁力的计算 ....................... 24

2.3.7电磁振动台功率的计算 ............................................. 25

2.4电磁振动台的激磁方式 ............................................ 26

2.5电磁振动台的电磁参数计算 ........................................ 27 2.5.1选定气隙磁密，确定磁极面积 .................................... 27

2.5.2计算铁心磁密并求线圈匝数 .................................... 28

2.5.3决定电磁铁的平均工作气隙 和安装气隙、；n ................................................ 29

2.5.5确定导线截面积 .................................................. 30