整理后的经贸知识英语复习

外贸实务英语期末备考总结Firstly, I have learned about the process of exporting and importing goods. Exporting is the act of selling goods or services produced in one country to another country. Importing, on the other hand, is the act of buying goods or services from another country. The process of exporting and importing involves various steps, including market research, product selection, international contract negotiation, customs clearance, and transportation logistics. Throughout the semester, we have studied each of these steps in detail, which has provided me with a comprehensive understanding of how goods are traded internationally.Next, I have gained knowledge about international trade policies and regulations. International trade is governed by a complex set of laws and regulations at both the national and international levels. These regulations aim to promote fair trade practices, protect domestic industries, and ensure the safety and quality of traded goods. Some of the key regulations that we have studied include import and export licensing, customs duties, trade barriers, and trade agreements. Understanding these regulations is crucial for businesses to comply with the law and minimize trade risks.Moreover, I have learned about the various strategies used by businesses to expand their overseas markets. One such strategy is market entry modes, which refers to the ways in which companies enter foreign markets. There are several market entry modes, including exporting, licensing, franchising, joint ventures, and foreign direct investment. Each mode has its advantages and disadvantages, and businesses need to carefully evaluate their options based on factors such as market characteristics, financial resources, and risk tolerance. Additionally, we have also learned about marketing strategies for international markets, including market segmentation, positioning, branding, and distribution. These strategies help businesses adapt to the unique characteristics of foreign markets and achieve competitive advantage.Throughout the semester, I have also gained practical skills in foreign trade practice. We have participated in various simulation exercises and case studies, where we have had the opportunity to apply our knowledge to real-world trade scenarios. These practical exercises have improved my problem-solving abilities, analytical skills, and decision-making capabilities. Additionally, I have also learned valuable communication skills, as foreign trade practice often involves negotiating with international partners, resolving conflicts, and building strong business relationships.In conclusion, the study of foreign trade practice has provided me with a comprehensive understanding of the processes, regulations, and strategies involved in international trade. I have gained knowledge about the process of exporting and importing goods, international trade policies and regulations, and the strategies used by businesses to expand their overseas markets. I have also developed practical skills in problem-solving, analytical thinking, and communication. Overall, I believe that the knowledge and skills I have gained in this subject will be valuable in my future career in international trade.。

国际贸易专业英语整理第一篇：国际贸易专业英语整理可能出翻译(1)FOB: Free on Board(…named port of shipment)装运港船上交货（……指定装运港）“Free on Board” means that the seller fulfils his obligation to deliver when the goods have passed over the ship’s rail at thenamed port of shipment.（2）CFR: Cost and Freight(…named port of destination)成本加运费（……指定目的港）“Cost and Freight” means that the seller is responsible for chartering a liner and loading the goods on the liner at the stipulated time in the contract.（3）CIF: Cost Insurance and Freight(…named port of destination)成本、保险加运费（……指定目的港）“Cost Insurance and Freight” means that the seller has the obligations to procure marine insurance against the risks of losses of, or damage to the goods during the carriage.1.The theory ofcomparative advantageAlthough Smith’s work was instrumental in the development of economic theories about trade and production, it did not answer a question like if a country did not possess absolute advantage in any product, could it(or would it)trade ?尽管斯密的著作在贸易和生产相关的经济理论上有指导意义，但他没有回答类似于一个国家若没有绝对优势能否贸易这样的问题。

U11、信用紧缩的后果之一就是贫富差距进一步扩大。

As a consequence,,the credit crunch widened the disparity between the wealthy and the rest 3、次债危机过后，很多人已难以获得按揭贷款。

After subprime meltdown,getting a mortgage has been put out of the reach of many people.U23、金融吃紧，很可能会波及欧元区的经济弱国，进而对意大利形成潜在威胁。

The financial strains could become systemic across the weaker members of the eurozone ,and infecting potentially even Italy.4、商业银行包销了日本政府为减缓地震恐慌而发行的国债。

The commercial banks underwrote all the bonds issued by Japanese government against the earthquake. Panic.U32、这家设计公司把所有的计算技术工作都报给别家公司去做。

The projecting firm outsources all its computing work.3、供过于求，造成产品大量积压。

Production has outpaced demand,and a lot of products have been lying in the stock.U41、今年全国产出上涨远远高于趋势增长率。

National output has risen well above its trend trend rate this year.4、许多企业正试图利用繁荣的股市来募集扩张资金。

国际贸易实务复习重点中英⽂全套08级国贸资料整理Chapter 1 General introductionLearning objectives:Define international tradeExplain the reasons for international tradeIdentify the benefits of international tradeExplain the major categories of international tradeTell the differences between domestic trade and international tradeDefinition of international tradeInternational trade refers to the exchange of goods and service between nations. Reasons for international trade1) Resource reasons:a. Uneven distribution of natural resources;b. Development of human and technologicalresources2) Economic reasons:i.e. economic benefits3) Other reasons:A. Political objectivesB. Diversification of the productC. Consumers’requirementsBenefits of international tradeEconomic growthCheaper goods or servicesGreater varietyDifferences between international trade and domestic tradeDifferent language and cultureDifferent currencyDifferent legal system and policiesDifferent risk levelsDifferent difficulties and managementClassification of international tradeExport tradeImport tradeTransit tradeDirect tradeIndirect tradeEntrepot tradeVisible tradeInvisible tradeBarter tradeFree-liquidation tradeChapter 2 International Trade TermsThink about it:●按FOB条件达成的合同，凡需租船运输的⼤宗货物，应在合同中具体证明（）A. 装船费⽤由谁负担B. 卸货费⽤由谁负担C. 保险费⽤由谁负担●当我在进⼝合同中使⽤FOBST条件或在出⼝合同中使⽤CIF ex ship’s hold条件时，在使⽤班轮运输船的情况下，我是否有权向对⽅收回装货费或卸货费？为什么？●我某出⼝公司按CIF条件向德国某进⼝商出⼝⼀批草帽，向中国⼈民保险公司投保了⼀切险，并规定⽤信⽤证⽅式⽀付。

国际贸易英语知识点总结一、国际贸易术语（Incoterms）1. FOB (Free on Board)- 含义：卖方在指定的装运港将货物装上买方指定的船只后，卖方即完成交货义务。

风险在货物越过船舷时转移给买方。

- 示例：We offer the goods FOB Shanghai.（我们提供上海港船上交货价的货物。

）- 相关费用：卖方负责将货物运至装运港船上之前的一切费用，包括国内运输、装卸等费用；买方负责从装运港到目的港的运费、保险费等。

2. CIF (Cost, Insurance and Freight)- 含义：卖方负责支付货物成本、保险费和运费，将货物运至指定目的港。

- 示例：The price is quoted CIF New York.（价格报的是纽约港到岸价。

）- 相关费用：卖方承担货物到达目的港之前的成本、保险费和运费；买方负责卸货后的费用，如进口关税等。

风险在货物越过装运港船舷时转移给买方。

3. CFR (Cost and Freight)- 含义：卖方负责货物成本和运费，将货物运至指定目的港。

与CIF相比，不包含保险费。

- 示例：We can supply the goods CFR London.（我们可以供应伦敦港成本加运费价的货物。

）- 相关费用：卖方承担货物运至目的港的成本和运费，买方负责保险费及卸货后的费用。

风险在货物越过装运港船舷时转移给买方。

二、商务信函写作。

1. 信头（Letterhead）- 包含公司名称、地址、联系方式（电话、传真、电子邮箱等）。

- 例如：ABC Company.123 Main Street, New York, NY 10001.Tel: +1 - 212 - 1234567.Fax: +1 - 212 - 1234568.Email:*******************.2. 称呼（Salutation）- 如果知道对方姓名，用“Dear Mr./Ms. + 姓氏”，如“Dear Mr. Smith”；如果不知道具体姓名，可用“Dear Sir/Madam”或者“To Whom It May Concern”。

外贸口语知识点总结英文一、询盘1. Hi, I’m writing to inquire about your products.2. Could you please send me more information about your goods?3. I’m interested in your (product name). Can you provide more details?4. Can you give me a quotation for (product name)?5. What’s your best price for (product name)?6. Do you have a catalog or price list for your products?二、报盘1. Thank you for your inquiry. We are pleased to offer you the following quotation.2. Please find attached our price list/catalog for your reference.3. The price we quoted is based on (terms of payment, delivery, etc.).4. We can also offer you a discount if you place a large order.5. The quoted price is valid for (time period).6. We can offer you a sample for testing.三、订单确认1. We are satisfied with your quotation and would like to place an order.2. Please send us a proforma invoice for the order.3. We will pay by (terms of payment).4. Could you give us an estimated delivery time?5. We look forward to doing business with you.四、支付方式1. We can accept payment by T/T, L/C, Western Union, etc.2. We require a 30% deposit before production and the balance before shipment.3. The payment terms are negotiable based on the order amount.4. The payment should be made in US dollars or Euros.五、货物提运1. We have arranged the shipment of your order.2. The goods will be delivered to your designated port.3. The tracking number will be provided once the goods are shipped.4. Please confirm the receipt of the goods when they arrive.六、质量检验1. We have received the goods and they are in good condition.2. We are satisfied with the quality of the products.3. There are some defects in the goods. We request a replacement.4. We will conduct a quality inspection upon receipt of the goods.七、投诉处理1. We are unsatisfied with the quality of the products received.2. We request a refund for the defective goods.3. We hope you can rectify the problem and improve the quality of your products.4. We expect better service in the future to avoid similar issues.八、市场营销1. We would like to introduce our new product line to you.2. We are offering a special promotion for our products this month.3. We are interested in becoming your distributor in our region.4. We would like to explore opportunities for collaboration with your company. 以上是一些常见的外贸口语知识点，希望对您有所帮助。

One1.pattern (n.)式样，样品，方式，方针1）These patterns are quite popular in the international market.这些产品的款式是目前国际市场上比较流行的。

2）A complete range of patterns was sent to you by express airmail yesterday.全套样品已于昨天以航空特快寄给贵方。

3）Each trade in each country has its own patterns of sales channels.任何国家的任何交易都有它自己的销售渠道方式。

4）There patterns of trade are changing.这些贸易方针正在变化。

2.contract (n.)合同，合约1）Contracts have been signed but work hasn’t begun yet.合同已经签订，但工程还没开始。

2）We will have the contract ready for signature.我们将备好合约待签。

(v.)缩小，收缩1）The volume of foreign trade contracted sharply during past two years.过去两年间，对外贸易额大幅下降。

2）Matals contract as they become cool.金属冷却则收缩。

3.account (n.)账目，账户，账单，会计科目1）The account will be used for payment under letters of credit,collection orders and remittances. 本账户用于信用证，托收和汇款的结算。

2）The account sales of your parcel shall be forwarded in my next letter.贵公司寄售商品的销售账单，我们将于下次函寄。

Lesson One China in the Market Place一、术语：manufactured goods 制成品capital equipment 资本货物balance of payments 国际收支current account 经常项目visible trade account 有形贸易项目invisible trade account 无形贸易项目trade surplus 贸易顺差trade deficit 贸易逆差barter 易货贸易compensation trade 补偿贸易counter-trade 反向贸易assembly manufacturing 组装生产industrial and commercial consolidated tax 工商统一税joint venture 合资企业deferred payment 延期付款buyer credit 买方信贷supplier credit 卖方信贷soft loan 软贷款（低息贷款）MFN treatment: Most Favored Nation treatment 最惠国待遇PNTR: Permanent Normal Trading Relations 永久性正常贸易关系NI: National Income 国民收入GNP: Gross National Product 国民生产总值GDP: Gross Domestic Product 国内生产总值IBRD: International Bank for Reconstruction and Development 国际复兴和开发银行IDA: International Development Association 国际开发协会IFC: International Finance Corporation 国际金融公司OECD: Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development 经济合作和发展组织BIS: Bank for International Settlement 国际清算银行EEC: European Economic Community 欧洲经济共同体EU: European Union 欧洲联盟FDI: Foreign Direct Investment 外商直接投资二、词语释义：exacerbate: deteriorate 恶化disrupt: interrupt 中断in the wake of: following 继┉之后breakdown: analysis by classification 分类分析buoyant: brisk 上扬的，增产的run-down: reductionmount exhibitions: hold exhibitionsinsofar as: to the extent 在┉范围之内bottlenecks: obstacles; problems that retard or halt free movement or progress三、句子翻译：Official recognition that foreign technology could play a major role in modernizing the Chinese ec onomy has caused imports to rise by more than 50 per cent in 1978, placing undue strain on the na tional economy.官方认为，外国技术可在中国经济现代化中起重要作用，这导致了1978年中国的进口增加了50%以上，从而给国民经济带来了重压。

Chapter 5Licenses 许可证 Formalities 手续 Delivery 发货 Document 单证Duty=tariff 关税 Customs formalities 海关手续 Customs clearance 清关International chamber of commerce 国际商会EXW Ex Works (…named place)工厂交货 FCA Free Carrier 货交承运人（……指定地点）FAS --- Free Alongside Ship 船边交货（……指定装运港）FOB, Free on Board (…Named port of Shipment) 指定装运港船上交货FOB Liner terms 班轮条件 FOB under tackle 吊钩下交货 FOB stowed 并理舱 FOB trimmed 并平舱CFR (COST AND FREIGHT ，…NAMED PORT OF DESTINA TION)成本加运费(……指定目的港)CFR liner terms 班轮条件 CFR landed 岸上交货 CFR ex-ship ’s hold 船底交货 CIF (COST ，INSURANCE AND FREIGHT ，…NAMED PORT OF DESTINA TION)成本加保险费、运费(……指定目的港)CPT(carriage paid to (d place of destination)) 运费付至.（..指定目的地）CIP(carriage and insurance paid d of destination)运费和保险付至...指定目的地 Instant notice 及时通知Chapter 6Sales by Sample 凭样品买卖Representative samples 代表性样品 Sale by buyer ’s sample 凭买方样品买卖 Return sample 回样 Counter sample 对等样品 Sealed sample 密封的样品 Reference sample 参考样品 Sales by specification/grade/standard 凭规格/等级/标准买卖 Sales by brand or trademark 凭品牌买卖Sales by description, drawing or diagram 凭说明书或图表买卖 F.A.Q(fair average quality)良好平均品质G .M.Q(good ,merchantable quality)良好可销品质Metric system 公制 The British System 英制 The U.S System 美制 International Measurement Conference 国际度量衡协会 International System of Units(SI) 国际单位制By gross weight 按毛重计算 By net weight 按净重计算 By actual tare 按实际皮重 By average tare 按平均皮重 By customary tare 按习惯皮重 By computed tare 按约定皮重、 Gross for net 以毛作净 By conditioned weight 按公量计算 By theoretical weight 按理论计算 More or less clause 溢短装条约Chapter 7Conference line vessels 班轮工会船 Non- conference line vessels 非班轮工会船 Tramp ships 定期远洋货轮 V oyage charter 定程租船 Charter ships 租船 Dead freight 空舱费要背出来哦Lay days 装卸货时数Demurrage charter 滞期费Dispatch money 速遣费Time charter 定期租船Bare boat charter 光船租船Surcharge 附加运费Bill of lading 提单Chapter 8Insurer 保险人Perils of sea 海上风险The insured 被保险人insurance applicant 投保人Insurance broker 经纪人claimant 索赔者Coverage 险种percentage of addition 投保加成率Extraneous risks 外来风险Natural calamity 自然灾害Fortuitous accident 意外事故General Extraneous risks 一般外来风险Special Extraneous risks 特殊外来风险A verage 海损Total loss 全部损失Actual total loss 实际全损Constructive total loss 推定全损Partial loss 部分损失General average 共同海损Particular average 单独海损Sue and labor expenses 所谓施救费用Salvage charges 救助费用FPA(free from particular average)平安险WPA(with particular average)水渍险All risks 一切险、General additional risks 一般附加险Special additional risks 特殊附加险Additional coverage 附加险Premium 保险费Insurance policy 保单Insurance claim 索赔Insurance amount 保险金额Premium rate 保费率Chapter9Cost of production 生产成本selling and delivery costs 销售运送成本Domestic charges 国内费overseas freight 海运费Customs duties 关税commission 佣金Discount 折扣plain commission 明佣Secret commission 暗佣commission rate 佣金率Net price 净价c-included price 含佣价Unit price 单价total amount 总值Chapter 10Amount of payment 支付金额payment currency 支付货币Depreciate 贬值appreciate 增值Evaluation currency 估价货币convertible currency 可交换的货币Bill of exchange/draft/bill 汇票promissory note 本票Drawer 出票人drawee 受票人Payee 收款人drawing =to issue 出票Endorsement 背书blank endorsement 空白背书Special Endorsement 特别背书Restrictive Endorsement 限定性背书General Endorsement 一般背书finance under bills of exchange 汇票的融资Without recourse 无追索权prior party 前手Conditional endorsement 有条件的背书endorser 背书人Presentment 提示acceptance 承兑Dishonor 拒付recourse 追索Protest 据证书right of recourse 追索权Bona fide holder 合法持有人sight draft 即期汇票Time draft 远期汇票banker’s draft/bank draft 银行汇票Commercial bill/trader’s bill 商业票据documentary bill 跟单汇票Clean bill 光票汇票discounting 贴现Net proceeds 净收入forfeiting 罚金打款Commercial promissory note 商业本票banker’s promissory note 银行本票Checque 支票transfer check 转账支票Crossed check 划线支票remittance 汇付Collection 托付letter of credit 信用证Favorable exchange 顺付adverse exchange 逆付Bank guarantee 银行担保the remitting bank 汇出行The remitter 汇款人the paying bank 汇入行Beneficiary 受益行mail transfer M/T信汇Telegraphic transfer T/T电汇demand draft D/D票汇Open account 赊销payment in advance 预付货款Principal 委托人卖方remitting bank 托收行Collecting bank 代收行the presenting bank 提示行Customer’s representative in case of need 必要时的代理Documents against payment D/P付款交单D/P at sight 即期付款交单D/P at days after sight 见票后几天后付款trust receipt 信托收据Documents against acceptance D/A承兑交单applicant 开证申请人Issuing bank 开证行advising bank 通知银行Revocable documentary credit 可撤销的信用证the irrevocable documentary credit 不可撤销的信用证the confirmed irrevocable documentary credit 保兑不可撤销信用证the negotiation 议付SWIFT 环球同业银行金融电讯协会trade association 贸易联合会Cash check 现金支票notory public 公证机关贸易术语贸易术语主要运费风险转移界限出口报关责任费用谁负担进口报关...运费方式EXW 买方商品所在地（工厂）交货买方处置时买方买方任何方式FCA 买方出口国内地货交承运人处置时卖方买方任何方式FAS 买方装运港货交船边后卖方买方水上运输FOB 买方货物越过装运港船舷卖方买方水上运输CFR 卖方货物越过装运港船舷卖方买方水上运输CIF 卖方货物越过装运港船舷卖方买方水上运输非常重要CPT 卖方出口国内地，港口货交卖方承运处置时卖方买方任何方式CIP 卖方出口国内地，港口货交卖方承运处置时卖方买方任何方式1.EXW (Ex-works…named place——工厂交货……指定地)使用方式：各种运输方式该术语是指卖方在其所在处所（工厂或仓库等）将货物提供给买方时，即履行了交货义务。