高一下学期第二次月考试1

高一下学期数学第二次月考试卷姓名:________ 班级:________ 成绩:________一、选择题（本大题共12小题，每小题5分，） (共12题；共60分)1. （5分）对有两个面互相平行，其余各面都是梯形的多面体，以下说法正确的是（）A . 棱柱B . 棱锥C . 棱台D . 一定不是棱柱、棱锥2. （5分） (2016高一下·平罗期末) 已知△ABC的平面直观图△A′B′C′是边长为2的正三角形，则△ABC 的面积为（）A . 2B .C . 2D . 43. （5分）三角形ABC中，,AB=3,BC=1 ，以边AB所在直线为旋转轴，其余各边旋转一周而形成的曲面所围成的几何体的体积为（）A .B .C . .D .4. （5分） (2016高三上·沙市模拟) 某几何体的三视图如图所示，则该几何体的体积为（）A .B .C .D .5. （5分）一个几何体的三视图如右图所示，其中正视图和侧视图是腰长为1的两个全等的等腰直角三角形，则该几何体的外接球的表面积为（）A .B .C .D .6. （5分） (2018高二上·万州期中) 已知水平放置的，按“斜二测画法”得到如图所示的直观图，其中，，那么原的面积是（）A .B .C .D .7. （5分）如图，正方体ABCD-A1B1C1D1的棱长为2，动点E、F在棱A1B1上，动点P，Q分别在棱AD，CD 上，若EF=1，A1E=x，DQ=y，DＰ＝ｚ（ｘ，ｙ，ｚ大于零），则四面体PEＦＱ的体积（）.A . 与ｘ，ｙ，ｚ都有关B . 与ｘ有关，与ｙ，ｚ无关C . 与ｚ有关，与ｘ，ｙ无关D . 与ｙ有关，与ｘ，ｚ无关8. （5分）棱长为a的正方体可任意摆放，则其在水平平面上投影面积的最大值为（）A . a2B . a2C . a2D . 2a29. （5分） (2016高一下·辽源期中) 已知{an}为等差数列，a3=7，a1+a7=10，Sn为其前n项和，则使得Sn 达到最大值的n等于（）A . 4B . 5C . 6D . 710. （5分）等差数列{an}中，已知前15项的和S15=90，则a8等于（）A .B . 12C .D . 611. （5分） (2019高三上·赤峰月考) 已知数列1，1，1，2，2，1，2，4，3，1，2，4，8，4，1，2，4，8，16，5，…，其中第一项是，第二项是1，接着两项为，，接着下一项是2，接着三项是，，，接着下一项是3，依此类推.记该数列的前项和为，则满足的最小的正整数的值为（）A . 65B . 67C . 75D . 7712. （5分） (2019高二上·上海月考) 设等差数列前项和为，且满足，，则、、、、中，最大项为（）A .B .C .D .二、填空题（本大题共4小题，每小题5分。

广东省深圳技术大学附属中学2023-2024学年高一下学期第二次月考数学试卷一、单选题1．已知集合{}{}1,2,3,2,4A B ==，则A B =U （ ） A ．{2}B ．{2,3,4}C ．{1,2,3,4}D ．{0,2,3,4}2．设向量(2,1)a =r ，(,1)b λ=r ，若(2)a b a +⊥r r r，则实数λ的值等于（ ） A ．2-B ．74-C ．2D ．743．已知复数z 的共轭复数是z ，若21i z z -=-，则||z =（ ）A ．1B C D 4．为了加深师生对党史的了解，激发广大师生知史爱党､知史爱国的热情，某校举办了“学党史､育文化”暨“喜迎党的二十大”党史知识竞赛，并将1000名师生的竞赛成绩（满分100分，成绩取整数）整理成如图所示的频率分布直方图，则下列说法正确的（ ）①a 的值为0.005；②估计成绩低于60分的有25人； ③估计这组数据的众数为75；④估计这组数据的第85百分位数为86． A ．②③B ．①③④C ．①②④D ．①②③5．已知,m n 是两条不同的直线，,,αβγ是三个不同的平面，下列命题中错误的是 A ．若,m m αβ⊥⊥，则α∥β B ．若α∥γ，β∥γ，则α∥β C ．若,,m n m αβ⊂⊂∥n ，则α∥βD ．若,m n 是异面直线，,,m n m αβ⊂⊂∥β，n ∥α，则α∥β6．在直三棱柱111ABC A B C -中，ABC V 为等边三角形，1AB BB ==111ABC A B C -的外接球的体积为（ ）A ．25πB ．29πC ．32πD ．36π7．解放碑是重庆的标志建筑物之一，因其特存的历义内涵，仍牵动着人们敬仰的目光，在海内外具有非凡的影响.我校数学兴趣小组为了测量其高度AB ，在地面上共线的三点C ，D ，E 处分别测得顶点A 的仰角为30,45,60o o o ，且22m C D D E ==，则解放碑的高AB 约为（ ）2.449≈）A ．24mB ．27mC ．30mD ．33m8．如图，在ABC V 中，AD =2DB ，3AE EC =，CD 与BE 交于F ，AF xAB yAC =+u u u r u u u r u u u r，则(),x y 为（ ）A ．11,32⎛⎫ ⎪⎝⎭B ．11,32⎛⎫- ⎪⎝⎭C ．11,23⎛⎫- ⎪⎝⎭D ．11,23⎛⎫ ⎪⎝⎭二、多选题9．如图所示，A B C '''V 是水平放置的ABC V 的斜二测直观图，其中22O C O A O B ''''''===，则以下说法正确的是（ ）A ．ABC V 是钝角三角形B ．ABC V 的面积是A B C '''V 的面积的2倍 C ．ABC V 是等腰直角三角形D ．ABC V 的周长是4+10．在ABC V 中，角A ，B ，C 所对的边分别为a ，b ，c ，下列命题是真命题的是（ ）A ．若cos cos aB b A =，则ABC V 为等腰三角形B ．若π4B =，c =65b =，则ABC V 只有一解C ．若()cos 2cos 0b A a c B +-=，则π3B =D ．若ABC V 为锐角三角形，则()()222222sin cos a b c A a b c B +->+-11．如图，棱长为2的正方体1111ABCD A B C D -中，点E ，F ，G 分别是棱AD ，1DD ，CD 的中点，则（ ）A ．直线1AG ，1C E 为异面直线 B ．二面角11D AC B --的余弦值为13C ．直线1AG 与平面11ADD A D ．过点B ，E ，F 的平面截正方体的截面面积为9三、填空题12．不等式组20235x x ≤--<的解集为.13．若10个数据的平均数是2，标准差是2，则这10个数据的平方和是．14．如图，直四棱柱1111ABCD A B C D -中，底面ABCD 为平行四边形，11,2,2,60AB AD AA BAD ===∠=︒，点P 是半圆弧¼11A D 上的动点(不包括端点)，点Q 是半圆弧»BC上的动点(不包括端点)，若三棱锥P BCQ -的外接球表面积为S ，则S 的取值范围是．四、解答题15．已知向量,a b rr 满足a b ==r r (1)若向量,a b r r 的夹角为π3，求·a b r r 的值； (2)若4a b +=r r ，求2a b -r r的值；(3)若()a ab ⊥+r r r ，求a r在b r 方向上的投影向量.16．某科研课题组通过一款手机APP 软件，调查了某市1000名跑步爱好者平均每周的跑步量（简称“周跑量”），得到如下的频数分布表及直方图：(1)请补全该市1000名跑步爱好者周跑量的频率分布直方图；(2)将周跑量在[10，25)，[25，40)，[40，55)区间内的跑步爱好者依次记为A ，B ，C 三个组，用分层随机抽样的方法从这三个组中抽取40人，求这三个组分别抽取的跑步爱好者人数；(3)根据以上图表数据，估计样本的下四分位数、众数及平均数（结果保留一位小数）． 17．在锐角ABC V 中，角,,A B C 所对的边分别为,,a b c ，且24cos cos S ab B b A =+. (1)求角A 的大小；(2)求bc的取值范围.18．如图所示，已知AB ⊥平面ACD ，DE ⊥平面ACD ，ACD V 为等边三角形.2AD DE AB ==，F 为CD 的中点.(1)证明：//AF 平面BCE ； (2)证明：平面BCE ⊥平面CDE ；(3)求直线AD 和平面BCE 所成的角的正弦值. 19．已知定义域为R 的函数()1222x x bf x +-+=+是奇函数（1）求b 的值；（2）判断并用定义法证明函数f (x )的单调性；（3）不等式()()240f x m f mx -+-+<对任意[]1,3x ∈恒成立，求实数m 的取值范围。

新泰中学高一下学期第二次大单元考试英语试卷2024.06（试卷满分150分，考试时间120分钟）第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话。

每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。

听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。

每段对话仅读一遍。

1. What does Jennifer like doing most in her free time?A. Doing sports.B. Watching TV.C. Attending a club.2. How does the man go to work now?A. By bike.B. By bus.C. By car.3. Where will the woman go next?A. Shanghai.B. Beijing.C. Xi’an.4. What does Jenny want to do?A. Skip supper.B. Put the toys back later.C. Help her mother after a while.5. What are the speakers talking about?A. Mike’s childhood.B. Mike’s pets.C. Mike’s favorite animal.第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段对话或独白。

每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。

听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。

每段对话或独白读两遍。

听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。

6. What is Michelle doing there?A. Watching a concert.B. Picking up her sister.C. Buying a birthday gift.7. What is Michelle?A. A professor.B. A guide.C. A student.听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。

淮北一中2022-2023学年度高一年级下学期第二次月考化学试卷时间：75分钟分值：100分可用到的相对原子质量：H-1 N-14 O-16 Na-23 S-32 Fe-56 Cu-64一、选择题：本题共20小题，每小题3分，共60分。

在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项是符合题目要求的。

1．古医典富载化学知识，下述之物见其氧化性者为（）A．金(Au)：“虽被火亦未熟" B．石灰(CaO)：“以水沃之，即热蒸而解”C．石硫黄(S)：“能化……银、铜、铁，奇物”D．石钟乳(CaCO3)：“色黄，以苦酒(醋)洗刷则白”2．下列说法正确的是（）A．CO、NO、NO2都是大气污染气体，在空气中都能稳定存在B．光化学烟雾是由SO2、NO、NO2引起的环境污染C．CO2、NO2或SO2都会导致酸雨的形成D．活性炭、SO2、Na2O2都能使品红溶液褪色，原理不同3．关于下列物质的性质描述正确的是（）A．SO2能使酸性高锰酸钾溶液褪色，说明SO2具有漂白性B．久置的浓硝酸颜色略显黄色，那是由于浓硝酸的不稳定性C．常温下，浓硫酸、浓硝酸可以用铁罐装，说明铁在常温下与浓硫酸和浓硝酸不反应D．蔗糖与浓硫酸反应中有黑色物质生成，体现了浓硫酸具有吸水性和强氧化性4．实验室用下图装置(夹持装置已略去)制备NH3，并研究其性质。

其中，a、b为湿润的红色石蕊试纸，下列关于NH3性质实验的说法中，不正确的是（）A．装置乙中，b先变蓝，a后变蓝B．装置丙中，产生大量白烟C．装置丁中，试剂可以是水D．装置丁具有防止倒吸的作用5．已知某物质X 能发生如下转化：下列有关上述转化关系中物质及其反应的叙述不正确的是（）A. 若X为N2，则A为硝酸B．若X为S，则A为硫酸C．反应①和②一定为氧化还原反应，反应③一定为非氧化还原反应D．若X 为非金属单质或非金属氢化物，则A 不一定能与金属铜反应生成Y6．用下列实验装置完成对应实验，能达到实验目的的是（）7．N A 是阿伏加德罗常数的值。

2022-2023学年下学期高一第二次月考语文考生注意：1.本试卷满分100分，考试时间75分钟。

2.考生作答时，请将答案答在答题卡上，选择题每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡对应题的答案标号涂黑；非选择题请用直径0.5毫米黑色墨水签字笔在答题卡上各题的答题区域内作答，超出答题区域书写的答案无效，在试卷、草稿纸上作答无效。

．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．3.本卷命题范围：必修下第一单元；第八单元第一课。

一、现代文阅读（35分）（一）现代文阅读Ⅰ（本题共5小题，19分）阅读下面的文字，完成下面1-5小题。

材料一：习近平总书记在党的二十大报告中指出：“坚守中华文化立场，提炼展示中华文明的精神标识和文化精髓，加快构建中国话语和中国叙事体系，讲好中国故事、传播好中国声音，展现可信、可爱、可敬的中国形象。

”这鼓励我们立足时代发展，创新艺术表达，在更好满足人民精神文化需求、增强人民精神力量的过程中，把中国故事讲生动、讲精彩。

怎样讲好中国故事？作为从延河岸边走来的艺术院团，国家话剧院近年来以史料为依托，深入革命文化传统，创作了《红色的起点》《直播开国大典》《三湾，那一夜》等一批话剧作品。

《红色的起点》凸显青春洋溢的革命精神，以富有时代气息的舞台表达，再现中国共产党开天辟地的峥嵘岁月。

《直播开国大典》则聚焦新中国成立这一伟大历史时刻，以历史人物为原型，再现新华广播电台如何在有限条件下，顺利实况转播开国大典，向全世界宣告中华人民共和国的成立。

为了让故事更加好看，在《直播开国大典》中，我们打破传统叙事模式，3条线索交融并进，增强全剧悬念和戏剧冲突，更加有效地传递作品的精神内涵。

今年国庆期间，国家话剧院首部文献剧《抗战中的文艺》成功上演。

全剧以活跃在抗战中的文艺家为主人公，集中呈现鲁迅、田汉、聂耳等文艺大家的爱国之志和救国之举。

国家话剧院推出这部剧，既是对历史的回望和致敬，更传递了前辈艺术家的奋斗之志、家国情怀。

山西省寿阳县第一中学2024-2025学年高一英语下学期其次次月考试题（考试时间：100分钟试卷满分：150分）第一卷第一部分：听力（略）其次部分：阅读理解（共两节，满分60分）第一节（共15小题；每小题3分，满分45分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

AAmsterdam, the capital and most populous city in the Netherlands, is one of the most popular travel destinations in the world, famous for its beautiful canals, top art museum, cycling culture, and Red Light District. Here are some of the key points to remember as you plan your trip to Amsterdam.Must-See AttractionsMost visitors begin their Amsterdam adventure in the Old Centre, which is full of traditional architecture, shopping centers, and coffee shops. You’ll also want to check out Amsterdam’s Museum Quarter in the South District, which is great for shopping at the Albert Cuyp Market and having a picnic in the Vondelpark. The top museums to visit are the Rijksmusuem, the Ann Frank House, and the Van Gogh Museum. The Canal Ring is a UNESCO World Heritage Site that was originally built to attract wealthy home owners and is a popular place for celebrity spotting and nightlife today.TransportationTravelers should be aware that Amsterdam Airport Schiphol is one of the busiest airports in the world. This airport is located about 15 kilometers southwest of city center. You can catch a train from Schiphol to Amsterdam Central Station, which has many connecting routes. It’s typically not a good idea to drive a car to the city center because traffic is heavy and parking is difficult to find. Cycling is incredibly popular here, and it’s easy to find cheap bike rentals around town. Amsterdam has a flat terrain(地形) and is a great city to explore on foot.Money Saving TipsUnless you really want to see the tulips(郁金香) blooming, avoid booking betweenmid-March and mid-May. This is when hotel and flight prices rise.Look for accommodations in Amsterdam’s South District, where rates are generallycheaper than in the city center.Buy train tickets at the machine instead of the counter to save a bit of money.Instead of hiring a tour guide, hop on a canal boat. They’re inexpensive andwill give you a unique point of view of the city.Check out our homepage to view price comparisons for flights, hotels, and rentalcars before you book.1.Which attraction was built with the original purpose of drawing the rich?A. Albert Cuyp Market.B. The Ann Frank House.C. The Van Gogh Museum.D. The Canal Ring.2. Which means of transportation is not advisable in Amsterdam according to thepassage?A. The plane.B. The train.C. The car.D. The bike.3. Which way can help visitors save money in Amsterdam?A .Seeing the tulips blooming in spring. B. Avoiding accommodating downtown.C. Buying car tickets at the machine.D. Hiring a local tour guide.BTwelve years ago, a young traveler named Rhett Butler from San Francisco,California, visited the Sabah rainforest on Malaysian Borneo. In one area of therainforest, he watched a bird flying through the trees. The beautiful sight left quitean impression on him. But weeks later, back home, Rhett Butler got the news that treeshad been cut down in the area he visited.That experience led Rhett Butler to begin writing a book about rainforests andthreats to their existence. But he did not publish the book. Instead, in 1999, heused his research for the book to create a website. The site is Mongabay. Com. Hispurpose was to inform the public about tropical rainforests. But the subject quicklydeveloped. As a former businessman, he became a respected writer of science andenvironmental stories.The popularity of Mongabay. Com attracted advertisers. Small ads on the site pay for its operations. Mongabay. Com has grown and led to other sites. For example, there is a site for children which is called kids. Mongabay. Com. Another one, WildMadangascar. Org, is all about the island nation that Rhett Butler calls his favorite place.To keep his website going, he travels around the world on several major trips each year. His working tools are a laptop computer, cameras and sometimes diving equipment. He often calls on experts for information. For example, he interviewed Alison Jolly, a top experts on lemurs(狐猴). He interviewed Rodney Jackson, a biologist who established the Snow Leopard Conservancy.Stories like these have made Mongabay a favorite place on the Internet for researchers, students and teachers. In April, Time. Com named it one of the fifteen top climate and environment websites in the world.4. What’s the main idea of the passage?A. Rhett Butler and his website.B. Rainforest on Malaysian Borneo.C. How Rhett Butler protected rare animals.D. How Rhett Butler made his website popular.5. Rhett Butler didn’t publish his book about rainforests because _______.A. making websites earns more money than writing booksB. he didn’t want to become a writerC. the book was not about rainforest protectionD. he wanted to use the information to create a website6. Which of the followings is NOT true about the Mongabay. Com?A. It was set up in 1999.B. It attracted many advertisers.C. At least two related websites grew from it.D. Rhett Butler made a lot of money from it.7. To keep his website going, Rhett Butler ________.A. kept visiting the rainforestB. traveled around and interviewed expertsC. raised rare snow leopardsD. made a great number of advertisementsCMy daughter had a bullying(欺凌) problem a couple of years ago. She kept receiving rude text messages from kids at school. Dealing with school bullying wasn’t easy, but I finally ended it. When you realize things are serious, it is no time to be silent.If your kids are also receiving such text messages, take them directly to the headmaster and show him. Describe to him how it is affecting your kids. Tell him you will not tolerate it and that you want him to put an end to it now.School bullying is a dangerous and serious issue these days .and any good headmaster w ill take your charges seriously. He will probably address the issues with the parents. If they are crappy(糟糕的)parents, then they may do nothing to their child. You may have to repeat this process several times, but you need to keep a check on those text messages and don’t allow your child to delete them .Now it is time to draw your child close and take care of him/her, because he/she needs it. My daughter did not like me being involved either, but you are the only person your kid can depend on to solve this problem, so do it and mean business. Always be polite, but straight forward . The headmaster and parents must know you mean business.If repeated meetings with the headmaster (and parents , if he allows it ) do not work, then I would consider hiring a lawyer. That will send the message loud and clear. When you are talking about financial loss, most parents will stand up and take notice and act to keep their kids under control!I know a lawyer is a big expense and not something you do lightly, but when bad things like school bullying are happening to your children, you must act and act quickly.8.Which of the foll owing can replace the underlined word “tolerate” in Paragraph 2?A. mindB. discussC. standD. affect9. What does the author suggest about school bullying in Paragraph 4?A. Children can deal with it themselves.B. Not all bullying problems can be solved.C. Parents should fully respect kids’ thoughts.D. It’s necessary for parents to be involved in it.10. What should parents do if the headmaster fails to solve the bullying problem?A.Ask a lawyer for help.B. Put your child under your care.C. Meet the bullies in person.D. Ask the parents of the bullies for money.11. Why does the author write the text?A. To seek help .B. To offer advice.C. To ask for advice.D. To share his experience.DRobot vacuum cleaners aren’t a new concept, having been around for more than 15 years, but they have become greatly more helpful since the days of catching on rug hairs, running out of battery mid-clean and forgetting where they were.But the next generation of disc-shaped floor-cleaners could bring some of the most important upgrades yet, including being more autonomous than ever and knowing exactly where they are in your home and where you need them to be.iRobot’s latest Roombas, the i7 and i7+, shown off at a recent event in Tokyo, will be arriving in Australia in the coming months. Their key new feature: persistent mapping of your home. The ability to map not only makes the robot quicker and more efficient, but lets it integrate(融入) more closely with smart homes. Once it’s explored your house a few times, the i7 will present you with a map via its smart phone app, which Angle says tends to be “maybe 80 per cent right”.As the robot travels around cleaning up dust, it draws a floor plan and uses a sensor(传感器) to identify landmarks and objects. Unlike previous models, the i7 remembers this information, meaning it will learn the most efficient paths around your home over time.If you change the layout of your furniture, it will adapt the existing map rather than having to create a whole new one and if you have a multi-storey house, it simplymakes multiple maps, and uses its learned landmarks to determine which floor it’s on (you’ll still need to carry it up the stairs).iRobot’s CEO and founder Colin Angle says the i7 class, the company’s 10th generation Roomba, is the robot he’s always wanted to build; capable of keeping a home’s floors clean with virtually no user input needed.“This robot has 30 times the processing power of its former generation,” he says. “So we’re fully into a situation today where we can be running machine learning and visual object recognition technology and very advanced algorithms(演算法; 运算法则) on the robot, to allow it to continue to work on increasingly complicated code.”12.According to the passage the robot cleaners invented 15 years ago could ______.A. catch on the hairs on the rugB. charge the battery mid-cleanC. draw the map of the homeD. know their exact home position13. The underlined word “layout” in Paragraph 5 can be replaced by ______.A. arrangementB. designC. styleD. size14. Which of the following statements about the i7 and i7+ is true?A. i7 remembers the identified landmarks like former models.B. They can enter the room upstairs themselves and clean it.C. They can do better in math than the previous cleaners.D.i7 can present a map exactly via its smart phone app.15. What can be the best title of the passage?A. Technologies in the Cleaner.B. The Future of iRobots.C. The Development of iRobots.D. The Latest Robot Cleaner.其次节（共5小题；每小题3分，共15分）依据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。

高一下学期英语第二次月考试卷一、阅读理解1. 阅读理解Plan your 2020 vacation. The followingfour places are your fantastic destinations. You can enjoy a completelydifferent experience.PanamaCosta Rica and the Caribbean oftenenjoy much more popularity than Panama, but visitors should consider the centreAmerican country if they want a” less­crowded paradise”. The travelsite states,” Here, horses are still the primary means of transportationand local fishermen serve fresh seafood and fruit from their home kitchens forroughly $ 6 a plate.”IsraelIf you’relooking for a once­in­a­lifetime experience, National Geographic Travel saysvisitors should head to Jerusalem to celebrate Easter with thousands ofpilgrims . If the crowds get too huge, visitorsare told to take a boat ride to K ing Herod’s 2000­year­old Masada fortress or set off on a peaceful morning boatride across the sea of Galilee.SvalbardIf you’re a fan of winter activities, butare in need of some sun, then perhaps a trip to Svalbard is a good choice. NationalGeographi c Travel notes,” The Norwegian archipelago of Svalbard is locatedabout 620 miles south of theNorth Pole. In late spring, the sun never fallsbelow the horizon—meaning you can take in all the Vitamin D you desire.”Popular activities in the area include hiking and wildlife spotting.NamibiaDuring spring, Namibia is regarded asthe perfect destination with reduced travel costs on cooler evenings. In lateMay, National Geographic Travel says that the watering holes start to dry upagain, which attracts giraffes and black rhino from their hiding spots. If you’refond of adventurous exploration, head to the Namibia Desert for a spot of sandboarding.（1）What can visitors do in Panama?A . Hike in the mountains.B . Ride a boat across the sea.C . Taste fresh seafood.D . Enjoy full­day sunshine.（2）What does Svalbard and Namibia have in common?A . They allow visitors to play in the sand.B . They offer the chance to watch animals.C . They help visitors to save more money.D . They mainly focus on adventurous travels.（3）Where will a history lover most probably go?A . Israel.B . Panama.C . Svalbard.D . Namibia.2. 阅读理解Should high school students do volunt eer work? If youranswer is “no”, then think again. Here are some reasons why doingvolunteer work is worth your time and effort.In college, you will have to work on a group project. Ifyou’re lucky, mostof the students in your group will care about what they aredoing and actually work as a team, but that’s not always the case. This iswhere volunteer experience can pay off. When you volunteer for an event, youdon’t always know who you will be working with, but you know that the job needsto be completed on time. Working with strangers will actually teach you how toplay to your strengths in order to get the best results.If you are not confident, volunteering will likely changethat very quickly. Since many organizations depend on their volunteers to getthing s done, it’s not uncommon for you to work as a leader when working on aproject. When you work on a project, your confidence will grow and others willlook to you for advice. The volunteering experience will surely serve you wellin college and your future employment.In high school, we are with people who share the same valuesand cultural backgrounds. When you head off to college, you may find yourselfliving with someone from another country or someone who has completelydifferent values. You may feel confused. One important thing you can learn fromvolunteering is never to judge someone by the way he or she looks — get to knowthe person first.Volunteering will increase your abilityto think outside the box. You will need tocome up with creative solutions for many problems. Volunteering before collegecan take the word” cannot” out of your vocabulary.（1）According to Paragraph 2, what does doing volunteer work mean?A . Learning to work as a team.B . Creating a team of your own.C . Knowingyour own strengths.D . Getting paid off in the long run.（2）What can we learn from Paragraph 3?A . Many organizations have hard­working volunteers.B . A good leader is a person who likes volunteering.C . Our confidence may get improved when we do volunteer work.D . We’d bette r do volunteer work as a leader.（3）What does the underlined part in the last paragraph probably mean?A . Thinking very carefullyB . Thinking in creative ways.C . Thinking about many different things.D . Thinking as if you had great abilities.（4）What is the passage mainly about?A . How students can perform better at college.B . Why high school students should do volunteer work.C . Why high school students like doing volunteer work.D . How students can make their school life better.3. 阅读理解Shakespeare h as rightly said,” A light heart lives long.”There is no greater thing than cheerfulness in the daily life and our cheer canbe expressed through a smile or a laugh. The saying” Laughter is the bestmedicine” has deep meanings. Many scientists have stressed the importanceof laughter, which can lead a healthy life.In ancient times, most Emperors and Kings had a clown tomake them laugh. This improved the atmosphere and helped people to come closer. Almostevery comedy has a character to make people laugh. Funny TV plays use recordedsounds of laughter at the proper place.It is a well­known fact that health and cheerfulnessinfluence each other.Doctors and psychologists all agree that patients canactually benefit from laughter. Those who see the bright side of life andremain happy are unlikely to go down with stress­related problems.A good laugh is also a useful tool in the workplace. Nervousnessis unavoidable in business, but humor is an unexpected surprise that can helppeople better deal with the nervousness. Researchers have found that the morestress people are under, the more they are ready to laugh. A good laugh islooked upon as an encouraging tool. After laughing, you can begin a new thoughtprocess; it helps to set the mind in a different way.Many cities in India have laughter clubs where people gettogether in the morning for laughing. There are over 200 such clubs in India, whichwere started in Mumbai. All kinds of fitness exercise, along with laughterskills, are combined into the program. This has become known as the laughtertreatment . Until now, many sick people havebenefited from it.Making people laugh is an art and can be cultivated. Collectjokes, funny stories and humorous sayings and use them properly. Build a humorcollection — buy books by P. G Wodehouse or anyone else who makes you keeplaughing. Watch comedy plays when you are down in life.（1）How does a good laugh help people in the workplace?A . It keeps people healthy.B . It helps people have creative ideas.C . It helps people make more money.D . It frees people from their worries.（2）What can laughter clubs do for people?A . They can make people confident.B . They can offer people suitablejobs.C . They can help people recover from illness.D . They can provide opportunities for people to make friends.（3）What does the underlined word” cultivated” in the last paragraph probably mean?A . Developed.B . Enjoyed.C . RealizedD . Taught（4）What’s the author’s purpose of writing the text?A . To state laughter leads to health.B . To show the importance of laughter.C . To prove laughter helps us work better.D . To introduce some ways to make us laugh.4. 阅读理解“I feel unlikable, lonely and hopeless,”said Lisa, a bright teenager from a loving home.” It seems that nobodywants to become my friend. What’s wrong with me？”Like Lisa, many of us experience loneliness.The truth is that all people, no matter what their age or character —even themost outgoing, wealthy and popular —experience loneliness at least sometimes. It’shealthy and natural to want to be around people who care. After all, we’ve allheard” No man is an island.” That’s true. We all nee d others in ourlives.Solomon, the wisest man who ever lived, explainsthat if we want friends, we must be friendly and reach out to others. But ithas risk. Because we are often afraid of rejection , many of us are unwilling to reach outto others. We take a safer way and wait for others to make friends with us. Butif we want friends, we’ve got to get beyond this.If making friends is your goal as well, youneed to consider taking some measures.Be willing to take the initiative . Ifyou see someone whom you would like to know, don’t wait for her to make thefirst move. Get close to her and begin a conversation. Let her know in anon­aggressive way that you are interested in beingfriends with her.Reach out to those who are lonely. When yousee someone at school sitting alone, go over and talk to her. And don’t letpopularity decide whom you reach out to. You’ll often be surprised at thebeautiful qualities behind a shy appearance.Ask questions. Start your firstconversation by asking this possible friend what she likes to do or askingabout her family. Be sure to ask questions that cannot be replied with” yes”or” no”. For example, don’t ask”Do you have a dog？” Instead, say”So, tell me about your pets.” Avoiding asking” yes” or” no”questions makes your possible friend not end your communication with a one­wordanswer.（1）Why does the author begin the text with Lisa’s worry?A . To set a sad to ne.B . To share Lisa’s pain.C . To introduce the topic.D . To teach readers a lesson.（2）What can be a risk caused by reaching out to others according to the passage?A . Being refused by others.B . Putting ourselves in danger.C . Being treated in a rude way.D . Losing interest in communicating.（3）What can we know from Paragraph 5?A . Shy people are hard to talk to.B . Popular people are often easy­going.C . Just waiting for chances will waste our time.D . A proper manner is important in making friends.（4）Why does the author suggest not asking “yes” or” no” questions?A . It is considered unfriendly.B . It will leave a bad first impression.C . It shows the poor quality of the speaker.D . It isn’t good for keeping a conversation going.二、根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项。

陕西省延安中学2023-2024学年高一下学期第二次月考英语试卷一、阅读理解Four Places to Listen to Free Music OnlinePandoraPandora is a popular Internet radio service that lets users create personalized stations and listen to music. To use Pandora, you will have to create an account using your email address and a password. As you find music you like, you can save songs to your collection. However, you can’t download any specific tracks to your computer or phone.LiveOneOn LiveOne, you’ll mostly find big artists, bands and songs along with interviews and news. While you won’t be able to stream all songs on demand for free due to licensing restrictions (限制), you will be able to create a station of similar tracks/artists from nearly any song. There’s a tab (标签) named “My Library” where you can save and share your favourite music.iHeartRadioiHeartRadio is a great website or app for listening to live radio stations. You can find local stations or check out stations from around the country. You won’t have to create an account to begin listening on iHeartRadio. but you can make one for free to save stations and playlists. Whether you decide to create an account or not. you won’t be able to download music from iHeartRadio.SpotifyIf you’re looking for free music online, you’ve most likely come across Spotify already. This resource is great for streaming popular hits while discovering new favourites. You can keep track of what you’ve recently played, and “favourite” songs. In addition to music. Spotify offers playlists of its most-played songs and information on local upcoming concerts.1．Which is a must before using Pandora?A．Saving some songs.B．Creating an account.C．Calling other users.D．Sending a private email.2．What can you do on “My Library” of LiveOne?A．Download popular songs.B．Make new friends online.C．Share your favourite music.D．Discover radio stations.3．What is special about Spotify?A．It offers news on local upcoming concerts.B．It requires no membership card.C．It allows users to download music for free.D．It features a station of similar artists.Binge-watching (刷剧) is when a person watches more than one episode of a show in a row. With developments in the speed and connectivity of the Internet, increases in technology and the rise of on-demand entertainment companies, people can now have their favorite shows stream (流播) directly to their television at their convenience.This behavior is nothing new. In fact, binge-watching has been officially listed in dictionaries since 2015. The entertainment companies recognize this behavior and many take steps to encourage it. Often, instead of releasing each episode on a week-by-week basis, an entire series will become available concurrently. Once the episode finishes, many platforms will display pop-ups with “you might like” suggestions, or will automatically play the next episode.However, recent research suggests that out of the more than half of British adults who watch more than one episode of a show back-to-back (一集接一集地), almost a third have admitted missing sleep or becoming tired as a result; and 25% have neglected their household chores (家务活). Next we’ll be missing work!Bingeing has other connections — binge eating, binge drinking and binge smoking. All of them are often associated with a lack of control and a possible route to addiction. Lindsey Fussell, consumer group director, said, “The days of waiting a week for the next episode are largely gone, with people finding it hard to resist (抗拒) watching multiple episodes around the house or on the move.” If people find binge-watching hard to resist, are we witnessing the birth of a new type of addiction?The countless number of information and entertainment that television and online media can bring us is, many would say, a good thing. However, when the activity begins to bleed into other areas, causing us to stop functioning, then it becomes a problem. So, what’s the answer? Moderation! Neither a tiny amount, nor too much. After all, as the old proverb says, “A little ofwhat you fancy does you good.”4．How did the writer develop the first paragraph?A．By giving a definition.B．By telling a story.C．By listing some examples.D．By analyzing the cause and effect. 5．Which of the following can best replace the underlined word “concurrently” in Paragraph2?A．For convenience.B．At the same time.C．In detail.D．Free of charge.6．What Lindsey said in Paragraph 4 implies that ______.A．people can’t control their feelings B．people can’t resist the temptation of Bingeing C．people have no patience to do work D．people are addicted to waiting for a new episode7．What advice did the writer give at last?A．To keep online media from stopping functioning.B．To enjoy entertainment as much as possible.C．To learn life lessons from the episodes.D．To watch episodes in a moderate way.This week, Google researchers published a paper describing results from an AI tool built to create music. The tool, called MusicLM, is not the first AI music tool to be launched. But the examples Google provided demonstrate musical creative ability based on a limited set of descriptive words.Several different music examples produced by MusicLM were published online. Some of the generated music came from just one-or two-word descriptions, such as “jazz”, “rock” or “techno (高科技舞曲)”. The tool also created other examples from more detailed descriptions containing whole sentences.In one example, Google researchers included these instructions to MusicLM, “It is a soundtrack of a game. It is fast-paced and upbeat, with a catchy electric guitar riff (反复乐节). The music is repetitive and easy to remember, but with unexpected sounds ...” In the resulting recording, the music seemed to keep very close to the description. The team said the more detailed the description was, the better the system could attempt to produce it.The MusicLM model operates similarly to the machine-learning systems used by ChatGPT. ChatGPT and MusicLM both require powerful computers to operate complex machine-learning models. The San Francisco-based company OpenAI launched ChatGPT late last year. ChatGPT has recently received a lot of attention because of its ability to generate complex writings and other content from just a simple description in natural languages. Such tools can produce human-like results because they are trained on huge amounts of data. Many different materials are fed into the systems to permit them to learn complex skills to create realistic works.However, the MusicLM researchers said there were some risks linked to the new tool. One of the biggest issues the researchers identified was biases (偏好) present in the training data. A bias might be including too much of one side and not enough of the other. The researchers said this raised a question about appropriateness for music generation for cultures underrepresented in the training data.8．What can we learn about MusicLM?A．It is the first AI music tool to be launched.B．It requires detailed descriptions of full sentences.C．It creates music based on simple descriptive words.D．It generates complex writings from a simple description.9．What is the similarity between ChatGPT and MusicLM?A．They can take the place of musicians.B．They have gained commercial success.C．They don't have any practical use in life.D．They are based on huge amounts of data. 10．Which of the following is an issue of the MusicLM model?A．Creating music with strong biases.B．Requiring too much training data.C．Being difficult for some people to use.D．Producing music works with no creativity. 11．What would be the best title for the text?A．The future of humans with AI B．A new AI tool to make musicC．Music created by some AI tools D．AI and its function in culture developmentCyber-bullying (网络欺凌) may take place in the online world, but it is no less damaging than in the real world. The Internet has become a kindness desert, a place where few flowers bloom. Bullying is pretty common. 12 According to those bullied, they’re usually seen asbeing different from the crowd. They are unique.Being bullied is a frustrating and painful experience. Online bullying can really hurt others, and it can have serious consequences. 13 Some people have even committed suicide because they were harassed (侵扰) online and didn’t think it would ever stop. Here are some valuable tips to help you address a bully and protect yourself in a safe way.Don’t blame yourself. 14 It’s only the bully’s fault, so don’t blame yourself for his or her shortcomings.Stay away from bullies. Bullies hope you interact with them so that they have an excuse to keep picking on you. When the bully starts orally attacking you, remove yourself from the situation if you can, simply by walking away.15 Try as you might to ignore the bullies when they are saying ugly things about you. Remind yourself that you are a great person and that nothing the bullies say matters.Speak out. Nobody has the right to make you feel unsafe, uncomfortable or unhappy. Find someone you can talk to, your teacher or your parent and tell them what’s going on. 16 Follow these tips and you should feel well-equipped to deal with your bullies the next time they attack.A．Keep track of bullies.B．Be sure you’re wonderful.C．Adults can offer help if they know about the problem.D．Being bullied can make you feel alone, scared, and hopeless.E．Your parents are willing to help you when recognizing your problem.F．If you are being bullied, it’s essential to know that it is never your fault.G．Studies have found that nearly one-third of all students are bullied each year.二、完形填空The caring employees at a Costco store near Cleveland, Ohio, are being honoured as heroes. It was because of their quick thinking and sympathy (同情), which 17 saved the life of a fellow co-worker.The story happened one morning when the employee failed to 18 for his scheduledshift (换班) at 5 a.m.. 19 for his colleague, the manager, Jesse Orsborn, decided to 20 what had happened and make sure everything was okay.“In situations where someone might oversleep for the early shift, we usually give them a 21 wake-up call, checking if they’re on their way. However, this daily check-in took an unexpected 22 ,” shared Orsborn. When the employee answered the call, his speech wasn’t understandable, and the connection suddenly 23 .Alarmed by the unusual conversation, Dave Mackin, the assistant general manager at Costco’s Mayfield Heights location, 24 , “We started calling several times, and each time, it became more 25 that something was seriously wrong. There was mumbling and groaning (喃喃自语,呻吟着), and it was evident that he was experiencing a medical emergency.”As events 26 , it turned out that the co-worker was in the midst of a stroke (中风). Without wasting any time, the quick-thinking workmates kept the man on the 27 while others dialed emergency services. Thanks to their quick 28 , the man was quickly transported to the hospital and, fortunately, later went out of the hospital. 29 , it was noted that he faced a challenging road to recovery.30 on the incident, Mackin stressed the strong sense of community within the Costco family. “We take care of our members. We take care of our employees. They mean the 31 to us,” he stated proudly.17．A．finally B．gradually C．possibly D．equally 18．A．bring up B．pick up C．pull up D．show up 19．A．Sorry B．Mistaken C．Concerned D．Prepared 20．A．set off B．think over C．find out D．take up 21．A．former B．serious C．convenient D．friendly 22．A．error B．turn C．chance D．step 23．A．mattered B．dropped C．completed D．worked 24．A．demanded B．wondered C．explained D．judged 25．A．obvious B．common C．special D．similar 26．A．changed B．stopped C．worsened D．progressed 27．A．line B．way C．team D．radio 28．A．drive B．memory C．action D．guard29．A．Thus B．However C．Therefore D．Instead 30．A．Looking B．Depending C．Reflecting D．Basing 31．A．family B．road C．leader D．hero三、单词拼写32．Applicants for the job must have (先前的) experience. （根据汉语提示填空）33．He is (有能力的) of running a mile in four minutes. (根据汉语提示单词拼写) 34．Totally (专心致志) in his book, he didn’t notice what was happening around him. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)35．Her friends take advantage of her (慷慨). (根据汉语提示单词拼写)36．The school has (建立) a successful relationship with the local community. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)37．Y uan Longping made outstanding (贡献) to our country. (根据汉语提示单词拼写) 38．Children have to learn to communicate （有效地）(根据汉语提示单词拼写) 39．Cycling is highly (有益处的) to health and the environment. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)40．We urge you to adopt all necessary (措施) to ensure people’s safety. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)41．Hearing the winners (宣布), the audience cheered and clapped their hands. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)四、语法填空阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

2024-2025高一年级下期其次次月考化学试卷可能用到的相对原子质量：H 1 C 12 O 16 Pb 207 Br 80一、选择题（每题3分，共48分）1．锗酸铋（简称BGO）是我国研制胜利的一种性能优良的闪耀晶体材料，其中锗（Ge与碳同主族）元素处于最高价态，铋元素（Bi与氮同主族）的价态与它跟氯形成某种共价氯化物所呈的价态相同，且此氯化物中铋具有8电子稳定结构。

BGO的化学式是（）A．Bi3Ge3O15B．Bi4Ge3O12C．Bi4Ge3O16D．Bi3Ge3O122．下列有关化学用语的表示方法中正确的是（）A．过氧化氢的电子式B．NH4I的电子式：C．比例模型可以表示二氧化碳分子，也可以表示水分子D．CO2分子的结构式：O=C=O3．下列条件肯定能使反应速率增大的是（）①增加反应物的物质的量②上升温度③缩小反应容器的体积④不断分别诞生成物⑤加入MnO2A．全部B．①②⑤C．②③D．②4．元素周期表中未呈周期性改变的是A．原子序数 B．元素性质C．原子半径D．化合价5．能说明氯的非金属性比硫强的事实是（）A．氯化氢的酸性强于硫化氢B．氯化氢的稳定性比硫化氢强C．氯气能与水反应而硫不能D．氯原子最外电子层上有7个电子而硫最外电子层上有6个电子6．近年来有多个品牌的手机电池曾发生爆炸事故，公众对电池平安性的重视程度越来越高，燃料电池作为平安性能较好的一类化学电源得到了更快的发展。

一种以联氨(N2H4)为燃料的环保电池工作原理如图所示，工作时产生稳定无污染的物质。

下列说法不正确的是（）A．M极生成氮气且电极旁边溶液酸性增加B．负极上每消耗1molN2H4，会有4molH+通过质子交换膜C．正极的电极反应式为：O2+4H++4e-=2H2OD．d口流出的液体是蒸馏水7．有某烷烃与烯烃的混合气体9.00g，该混合气体的密度为相同状况下氢气的11.25倍，将混合气体通过足量溴水，溴水质量增加4.20g，则原混合气体的组成为（）A.甲烷、乙烯B.乙烷、乙烯 C .甲烷、丙烯 D.甲烷、丁烯8．下列说法中正确的是（）A．质子数相同的微粒肯定属于同一种元素，但不肯定是同种核素B．原子的最外层有1-2个电子的元素都是活泼的金属元素C．同族元素的最外层电子数肯定相同D．在周期表中位于同周期且同族的不同核素，不肯定属于同种元素9．只用一种试剂就可将己烯、甲苯、硝基苯、水、氢氧化钠溶液鉴别开，这种试剂是（）A .盐酸B .酸性高锰酸钾溶液C .溴水D .紫色石蕊溶液10．已知丙烷的二氯代物有四种同分异构体,则其六氯代物的异构体数目为（）A．三种B．四种C．五种D．六种11．电池式氧传感器原理构造如图，可测定O2的含量。

2015-2016学年陕西省咸阳市三原县北城中学高一〔下〕第二次月考物理试卷一.选择题〔此题共10小题，每一小题3分，共30分．每一小题所给的四个选项中只有一个是正确的〕1．关于曲线运动，如下说法中正确的答案是〔〕A．曲线运动一定是变速运动B．做曲线运动的物体，其加速度可以为零C．当物体所受合力为零时，也可以做曲线运动D．在恒力作用下，物体可以做曲线运动2．一个物体以初速度v0水平抛出，落地时速度的大小为v，如此运动时间为〔〕A． B． C． D．3．如下列图，甲、乙、丙三个轮子依靠摩擦传动，相互之间不打滑，其半径分别为r1、r2、r3．假设甲轮的角速度为ω1，如此丙轮的角速度为〔〕A． B． C． D．4．一只小船在静水中的速度为3m/s，它要渡过一条宽为30m的河，河水流速为4m/s，如此以下说法正确的答案是〔〕A．该船可以沿垂直于河岸方向过河B．假设水流的速度越大，如此船渡河的时间越长C．该船过河的时间不可能为8sD．船头方向斜向上游，船渡河的时间才会最短5．斜抛运动的质点运动到最高点时，如下说法正确的答案是〔〕A．质点的速度为零 B．质点的动能最小C．质点的机械能最大 D．质点的机械能最小6．有如下几种运动情况：①用水平推力F推一质量为m的物体在光滑水平面上加速前进位移s；②用水平推力F推一质量为2m的物体在粗糙水平面上匀速前进位移s；③用水平推力F推一质量为3m的物体在粗糙水平面上减速前进位移s；④用与斜面平行的力F推一质量为m/2的物体在光滑的斜面上前进位移s．关于以上四种情况下推力F做功的判断，正确的答案是〔〕A．①情况中F不做功 B．②情况中F做功最多C．③情况中F做功最少 D．四种情况下F做功一样多7．关于功率公式P=和P=Fv的说法正确的答案是〔〕A．由P=知，只要知道W和t就可求出任意时刻的功率B．由P=Fv只能求某一时刻的瞬时功率C．从P=Fv知，汽车的功率与它的速度成正比D．从P=Fv知，当汽车发动机功率一定时，牵引力与速度成反比8．物体在合力作用下做直线运动的v﹣t图象如下列图．如下表述正确的答案是〔〕A．在0～1s内，合力做正功 B．在0～2s内，合力总是做负功C．在1s～2s内，合力不做功 D．在0～3s内，合力总是做正功9．如图，两质量一样的小球A、B，用线悬在等高O1、O2点，A球的悬线比B球长，把两球的悬线均拉到水平后将小球无初速度释放，如此经最低点时〔以悬点为零势能点〕〔〕A．A球的速率等于B球的速率B．A球受到的拉力等于B球受到的拉力C．A球的机械能大于B球的机械能D．A球的机械能等于B球的机械能10．在光滑水平面上，质量为2kg的物体以2m/s的速度向东运动，当对它施加向西的力，经过一段时间，速度为2m/s，方向向西，如此外力对物体做功〔〕A．16J B．8J C．4J D．0二.选择题〔此题共5小题，每一小题4分，共20分．每一小题所给的四个选项中至少有两个答案是正确的．全选对得4分，对而不全得2分，错选或多项选择得0分〕11．如图，一个物体放在水平面上，在跟竖直方向成θ角的斜向下的推力F的作用下沿平面移动了距离s，假设物体的质量为m，物体与地面之间的摩擦力大小为f，如此在此过程中〔〕A．力F做的功为Fs B．力F做的功为FscosθC．物体抑制摩擦力做的功为fs D．重力做的功为mgs12．某人用手将1kg的物体由静止向上提起1m，这时物体的速度为2m/s〔g取10m/s2〕，如下说法正确的答案是〔〕A．手对物体做功2J B．合外力做功2JC．合外力做功12J D．物体抑制重力做功10J13．在如下实例中〔不计空气阻力〕机械能守恒的是〔〕A．拉着一个物体沿着光滑的斜面匀速上升B．物体沿光滑斜面自由下滑C．物体做竖直上抛运动D．物体在竖直面内做匀速圆周运动14．质量不同而具有一样动能的两个物体，在动摩擦因数一样的水平面上滑行到停止，如此〔〕A．质量大的滑行的距离大 B．质量大的滑行的时间短C．质量大的抑制阻力做的功多 D．它们运动的加速度一样大15．一物体沿固定斜面从静止开始向下运动，经过时间t0滑至斜面底端．在物体运动过程中物体所受的摩擦力恒定．假设用F、v、s和E分别表示该物体所受的合力、物体的速度、位移和机械能，如此如下图象中可能正确的答案是〔〕A． B． C． D．三．实验填空题〔此题共4小题，每空3分，共21分．将正确的答案写在相应的横线上或虚线框内，不要求写出解答过程〕16．质量为6kg物体，以2m/s速度匀运动，如此物体动能的为E k=J．17．质量为1kg的物体从足够高处自由下落，不计空气阻力，取g=10m/s2，如此开始下落2s末重力的功率是W．18．某同学利用如下列图的装置《探究动能定理》．放在长木板上的小车由静止开始在几条橡皮筋的作用下沿木板运动，小车拉动固定在它后面的纸带，纸带穿过打点计时器，关于这一实验，如下说法正确的答案是〔〕A．长木板倾斜的角度可随便B．不同规格的橡皮筋都可用C．每次应使橡皮筋拉伸的长度一样D．利用纸带上的点计算小车的速度时，应选纸带上打点均匀的局部进展19．在利用自由落体“验证机械能守恒定律〞的实验中〔1〕如下器材中不必要的一项为哪一项〔只需填字母代号〕．A．重物 B．纸带 C．天平 D．50Hz低压交流电源 E．毫米刻度尺〔2〕关于本实验的误差，说法不正确的一项为哪一项A．选择质量较小的重物，有利于减小误差B．选择点击清晰的纸带，有利于减小误差C．先松开纸带后接通电源会造成较大的误差D．本实验产生误差的主要原因是因为重物在下落过程中不可防止地受到阻力的作用〔3〕如下列图为实验得到的一条点迹清晰的纸带，把第一个点记做O，另选连续的4个点A、B、C、D作为测量的点．经测量知道A、B、C、D各点到O点的距离分别为62.78cm、70.00cm、77.58cm、85.52cm．根据以上数据重物由O点运动到B点，重力势能的减少量等于J，动能的增加量等于J．〔所用重物的质量为1.00kg，当地重力加速度g=9.80m/s2，结果取3位有效数字．〕四．计算题〔此题共3小题，总分为29分．要求写出必要的文字说明，重要的物理规律，答题时应写出完整的数值和单位．只有结果没有过程的不能得分，过程不完整的不能得总分为．〕20．在海边高出海面h=45m的悬崖上，海防部队进展实弹演习，用一平射炮射击离悬崖水平距离为x=900m，静止在海面上的靶舰，并恰好击中靶舰〔g取10m/s2，忽略空气阻力〕试求〔1〕炮弹飞行时间〔2〕炮弹发射的初速度．21．山地滑雪是人们喜爱的一项体育运动，一滑雪坡由AB和BC组成，AB是倾角为37°的斜坡，BC是半径为R=5m的圆弧面，圆弧面和斜面相切于B，与水平面相切于C，如下列图，AB竖直高度差h=8.8m，运动员连同滑雪装备总质量为80kg，从A点由静止滑下通过C点后飞落〔不计一切阻力，g取10m/s2，sin37°=0.6，cos37°=0.8〕．求：〔1〕运动员到达C点的速度大小．〔2〕运动员经过C点时轨道受到的压力大小．22．一个物体的质量为10kg，以10m/s的速度在水平面上向右运动，物体与水平面间的动摩擦因数为0.1，假设同时施加一个水平向右的大小为30N的恒力，〔g取10m/s2〕求〔1〕物体在5s时间内位移的大小〔2〕物体在5s末时的动能．2015-2016学年陕西省咸阳市三原县北城中学高一〔下〕第二次月考物理试卷参考答案与试题解析一.选择题〔此题共10小题，每一小题3分，共30分．每一小题所给的四个选项中只有一个是正确的〕1．关于曲线运动，如下说法中正确的答案是〔〕A．曲线运动一定是变速运动B．做曲线运动的物体，其加速度可以为零C．当物体所受合力为零时，也可以做曲线运动D．在恒力作用下，物体可以做曲线运动【考点】物体做曲线运动的条件．【分析】物体运动轨迹是曲线的运动，称为“曲线运动〞．当物体所受的合外力和它速度方向不在同一直线上，物体就是在做曲线运动．【解答】解：A、既然是曲线运动，它的速度的方向必定是改变的，所以曲线运动一定是变速运动，故A正确；B、曲线运动的条件是合力与速度不共线，一定存在加速度，因此加速度一定不是0，故B 错误；C、曲线运动的条件是合力与速度不共线，一定存在加速度，曲线运动的物体受到的合外力一定不为零，故C错误；D、在恒力作用下，物体可以做曲线运动，如平抛运动，故D正确；应当选：AD．2．一个物体以初速度v0水平抛出，落地时速度的大小为v，如此运动时间为〔〕A． B． C． D．【考点】平抛运动．【分析】根据速度的分解，运用平行四边形定如此求出竖直方向上的分速度，根据v y=gt求出运动的时间．【解答】解：将落地的速度分解为水平方向和竖直方向，水平方向的速度等于v0，如此竖直方向上的速度为：v y=根据v y=gt得：t=．故C正确，A、B、D错误．应当选：C．3．如下列图，甲、乙、丙三个轮子依靠摩擦传动，相互之间不打滑，其半径分别为r1、r2、r3．假设甲轮的角速度为ω1，如此丙轮的角速度为〔〕A． B． C． D．【考点】线速度、角速度和周期、转速．【分析】甲、乙、丙三个轮子依靠摩擦传动，相互之间不打滑说明边缘点线速度相等，根据v=wr解答．【解答】解：由甲、乙、丙三个轮子依靠摩擦传动，相互之间不打滑知三者线速度一样，其半径分别为r1、r2、r3如此：ω1r1=ω2r2=ω3r3故ω3=应当选：B．4．一只小船在静水中的速度为3m/s，它要渡过一条宽为30m的河，河水流速为4m/s，如此以下说法正确的答案是〔〕A．该船可以沿垂直于河岸方向过河B．假设水流的速度越大，如此船渡河的时间越长C．该船过河的时间不可能为8sD．船头方向斜向上游，船渡河的时间才会最短【考点】运动的合成和分解．【分析】将船的运动分解为沿河岸方向和垂直于河岸方向，根据垂直于河岸方向上的速度求出渡河的时间．通过判断合速度能否与河岸垂直，判断船能否垂直到对岸．【解答】解：A、静水中的速度为3m/s，小于河水流速为4m/s，根据平行四边形定如此，由于静水速小于水流速，如此合速度不可能垂直于河岸，即船不可能垂直到达对岸．故A错误．B、当静水速与河岸垂直时，渡河时间最短，最短时间为t==s=10s，即使水流的速度越大，如此船渡河的时间仍不变．故B错误，D也错误；C、由B选项分析可知，该船过河的时间不可能为8s．故C正确．应当选：C．5．斜抛运动的质点运动到最高点时，如下说法正确的答案是〔〕A．质点的速度为零 B．质点的动能最小C．质点的机械能最大 D．质点的机械能最小【考点】机械能守恒定律．【分析】斜抛运动是将物体以一定的初速度和与水平方向成一定角度抛出，在重力作用下，物体作匀变速曲线运动，它的运动轨迹是抛物线，这种运动叫做斜抛运动．【解答】解：A、斜抛运动的竖直分运动是竖直上抛运动，水平分运动是匀速直线运动，故最高点竖直分速度为零，水平分速度不为零，故A错误；B、斜抛运动，只有重力做功，机械能守恒，最高点，重力势能最大，故动能最小，速度最小，故B正确；C、斜抛运动，只有重力做功，机械能守恒，故C错误；D、斜抛运动，只有重力做功，机械能守恒，故D错误；应当选B．6．有如下几种运动情况：①用水平推力F推一质量为m的物体在光滑水平面上加速前进位移s；②用水平推力F推一质量为2m的物体在粗糙水平面上匀速前进位移s；③用水平推力F推一质量为3m的物体在粗糙水平面上减速前进位移s；④用与斜面平行的力F推一质量为m/2的物体在光滑的斜面上前进位移s．关于以上四种情况下推力F做功的判断，正确的答案是〔〕A．①情况中F不做功 B．②情况中F做功最多C．③情况中F做功最少 D．四种情况下F做功一样多【考点】功的计算．【分析】根据题目中四种情况判断出物体运动距离的大小，根据功的大小是物体所受的力与在力的方向上通过距离的乘积，因为这四种情况下力大小一样，物体运动距离s一样，所以做功一样．【解答】解：四种情况下，拉力大小一样，移动的距离一样，根据公式W=Fs可知，这四种情况下拉力做功一样多，选项D正确，ABC错误应当选：D．7．关于功率公式P=和P=Fv的说法正确的答案是〔〕A．由P=知，只要知道W和t就可求出任意时刻的功率B．由P=Fv只能求某一时刻的瞬时功率C．从P=Fv知，汽车的功率与它的速度成正比D．从P=Fv知，当汽车发动机功率一定时，牵引力与速度成反比【考点】功率、平均功率和瞬时功率．【分析】功率的计算公式由两个P=，和P=Fv，P=只能计算平均功率的大小，而P=Fv可以计算平均功率也可以是瞬时功率，取决于速度是平均速度还是瞬时速度．【解答】解：A、P=只能计算平均功率的大小，不能用来计算瞬时功率，所以A错误；B、P=Fv可以计算平均功率也可以是瞬时功率，取决于速度是平均速度还是瞬时速度，所以B错误；C、从P=Fv知，当F不变的时候，汽车的功率和它的速度是成正比的，当F变化时就不对了，所以C错误；D、从P=Fv知，当汽车发动机功率一定时，牵引力与速度成反比，所以D正确．应当选：D．8．物体在合力作用下做直线运动的v﹣t图象如下列图．如下表述正确的答案是〔〕A．在0～1s内，合力做正功 B．在0～2s内，合力总是做负功C．在1s～2s内，合力不做功 D．在0～3s内，合力总是做正功【考点】匀变速直线运动的图像；匀变速直线运动的速度与时间的关系．【分析】由图分析物体的速度变化，得到动能变化，根据动能定理W合=△E K判断合力做功正负．【解答】解：A、在0～ls内，物体的速度增大，动能增加，根据动能定理W合=△E K，合力做正功．故A错误．B、在0～2s内，动能增加，根据动能定理W合=△E K，合力做正功．故B错误．C、在1～2s内，动能减小，根据动能定理W合=△E K，合力做负功．故C错误．D、在0～3s内，动能变化为0，根据动能定理W合=△E K，合力做功为0．故D错误．应当选：A．9．如图，两质量一样的小球A、B，用线悬在等高O1、O2点，A球的悬线比B球长，把两球的悬线均拉到水平后将小球无初速度释放，如此经最低点时〔以悬点为零势能点〕〔〕A．A球的速率等于B球的速率B．A球受到的拉力等于B球受到的拉力C．A球的机械能大于B球的机械能D．A球的机械能等于B球的机械能【考点】机械能守恒定律；功的计算．【分析】A、B两球在运动的过程中，只有重力做功，机械能都守恒，比拟出初始位置的机械能即可知道在最低点的机械能大小．根据机械能守恒列式，可比拟出A、B两球的速度大小，然后根据牛顿第二定律，得出最低点拉力的大小，从而可以比拟拉力的大小．【解答】解：A、对于任意一球，根据机械能守恒得 mgL=，解得：v=，所以A球的速度大于B球的速度，故A错误．B、在最低点，根据牛顿第二定律得：F﹣mg=m，得：F=mg+m=3mg，与绳的长度无关．所以两绳拉力大小相等．故B正确．C、D、A、B两球在运动的过程中，只有重力做功，机械能守恒，初始位置的机械能相等，所以在最低点，两球的机械能相等．故C错误，D正确．应当选：BD．10．在光滑水平面上，质量为2kg的物体以2m/s的速度向东运动，当对它施加向西的力，经过一段时间，速度为2m/s，方向向西，如此外力对物体做功〔〕A．16J B．8J C．4J D．0【考点】动能定理的应用．【分析】对该过程运用动能定理，结合动能的变化，求出水平力做功的大小．【解答】解：由动能定理可知：W F=应当选：D二.选择题〔此题共5小题，每一小题4分，共20分．每一小题所给的四个选项中至少有两个答案是正确的．全选对得4分，对而不全得2分，错选或多项选择得0分〕11．如图，一个物体放在水平面上，在跟竖直方向成θ角的斜向下的推力F的作用下沿平面移动了距离s，假设物体的质量为m，物体与地面之间的摩擦力大小为f，如此在此过程中〔〕A．力F做的功为Fs B．力F做的功为FscosθC．物体抑制摩擦力做的功为fs D．重力做的功为mgs【考点】功的计算；摩擦力的判断与计算．【分析】物体的受力情况与位移，由功的公式即可求得各力的功，注意F与位移之间的夹角不是θ，而是90°﹣θ．【解答】解：AB、力F做功为Fscos〔90°﹣θ〕，故AB均错误；C、物体抑制摩擦力做功为fs，故C正确；D、重力与位移相互垂直，故重力不做功，故D错误；应当选：C．12．某人用手将1kg的物体由静止向上提起1m，这时物体的速度为2m/s〔g取10m/s2〕，如下说法正确的答案是〔〕A．手对物体做功2J B．合外力做功2JC．合外力做功12J D．物体抑制重力做功10J【考点】动能定理的应用．【分析】根据动能定理求出合外力做功的大小，结合重力做功的大小，从而求出手对物体做功的大小．【解答】解：A、B、C、由动能定理得，合力做功为：W合=mv2﹣0=×1×22=2J，合外力的功：W合=W﹣mgh，解得，手对物体做功的大小为：W=W合+mgh=2+1×10×1=12J，故B正确，AC错误；D、把一个质量为m=1kg的物体由静止向上提起1m，物体抑制重力做功为：W=mgh=1×10×1J=10J．故D正确；应当选：BD．13．在如下实例中〔不计空气阻力〕机械能守恒的是〔〕A．拉着一个物体沿着光滑的斜面匀速上升B．物体沿光滑斜面自由下滑C．物体做竖直上抛运动D．物体在竖直面内做匀速圆周运动【考点】机械能守恒定律．【分析】物体机械能守恒的条件是只有重力或弹簧的弹力做功，通过分析物体的受力情况，判断各力的做功情况，即可判断物体机械能是否守恒．也可以根据机械能的概念分析．【解答】解：A、物体沿着光滑的斜面匀速上升，重力势能增大，动能不变，它们的总和即机械能增大．故A错误．B、物体沿光滑斜面自由下滑，斜面对物体不做功，只有重力做功，其机械能守恒，故B正确．C、物体做竖直上抛运动时不计空气阻力，只受重力，所以机械能守恒，故C正确．D、物体在竖直面内做匀速圆周运动时．动能不变，而重力势能时刻在变化，所以机械能时刻在变化．故D错误．应当选：BC14．质量不同而具有一样动能的两个物体，在动摩擦因数一样的水平面上滑行到停止，如此〔〕A．质量大的滑行的距离大 B．质量大的滑行的时间短C．质量大的抑制阻力做的功多 D．它们运动的加速度一样大【考点】动能定理的应用．【分析】物体做匀减速直线运动，运用动能定理研究从开始到停止滑行的距离，由位移时间公式列式，分析时间关系．抑制阻力做功也由动能定理分析．由牛顿第二定律分析加速度关系．【解答】解：A、设质量为m的物体，滑行距离为S．由动能定理得：﹣μmgS=0﹣E k，得 S=，E k、μ一样，如此质量m越大，S越小．故A错误．BD、根据牛顿第二定律得μmg=ma，得a=μg，可知，加速度相等．物体运动的逆过程是初速度为零的匀加速直线运动，如此有 S=，得 t=，因此，质量大的滑行的距离短，滑行的时间也短．故BD正确．C、抑制阻力做的功 W f=μmgS=E k，所以抑制阻力做的功相等，故C错误．应当选：BD15．一物体沿固定斜面从静止开始向下运动，经过时间t0滑至斜面底端．在物体运动过程中物体所受的摩擦力恒定．假设用F、v、s和E分别表示该物体所受的合力、物体的速度、位移和机械能，如此如下图象中可能正确的答案是〔〕A． B． C． D．【考点】机械能守恒定律；匀变速直线运动的图像．【分析】摩擦力恒定，物体沿斜面下滑时做初速度为零的匀变速直线运动，根据初速度为零匀变速直线运动中合力、速度、位移和机械能所时间变化特点可解答此题．【解答】解：A、物体在斜面上运动时做匀加速运动，根据牛顿第二定律可知，其合外力恒定，故A正确；B、在v﹣t图象中，斜率表示加速度大小，由于物体做匀加速运动，因此其v﹣t图象斜率不变，故B错误；C、物体下滑位移为：x=，因此由数学知识可知其位移时间图象为抛物线，故C正确；D、设开始时机械能为E总，根据功能关系可知，开始机械能减去因摩擦消耗的机械能，便是剩余机械能，即有：E=E总﹣fs=E总﹣f•，因此根据数学知识可知，机械能与时间的图象为开口向下的抛物线，故D正确．应当选ACD．三．实验填空题〔此题共4小题，每空3分，共21分．将正确的答案写在相应的横线上或虚线框内，不要求写出解答过程〕16．质量为6kg物体，以2m/s速度匀运动，如此物体动能的为E k= 12 J．【考点】动能．【分析】直接根据动能的计算公式进展计算即可．【解答】解：动能表达式为：E K=mv2=×6×22=12J；故答案为：12．17．质量为1kg的物体从足够高处自由下落，不计空气阻力，取g=10m/s2，如此开始下落2s末重力的功率是200 W．【考点】功率、平均功率和瞬时功率．【分析】求出2s末的瞬时速度，再根据P=mgv求出2s末重力的瞬时功率．【解答】解：2s末的速度v=gt=10×2m/s=20m/s．如此2s末重力的瞬时功率P=mgv=10×20W=200W．故答案为：20018．某同学利用如下列图的装置《探究动能定理》．放在长木板上的小车由静止开始在几条橡皮筋的作用下沿木板运动，小车拉动固定在它后面的纸带，纸带穿过打点计时器，关于这一实验，如下说法正确的答案是〔〕A．长木板倾斜的角度可随便B．不同规格的橡皮筋都可用C．每次应使橡皮筋拉伸的长度一样D．利用纸带上的点计算小车的速度时，应选纸带上打点均匀的局部进展【考点】探究功与速度变化的关系．【分析】实验时，先要平衡摩擦力，每次保持橡皮筋的形变量一定，当有n根一样橡皮筋并系在小车上时，n根一样橡皮筋对小车做的功就等于系一根橡皮筋时对小车做的功的n倍，这个设计很巧妙地解决了直接去测量力和计算功的困难，再加上打点计时器测出小车获得的最大速度即动能可求．【解答】解：A、实验中橡橡皮筋对小车所做功认为是合外力做功，因此需要平衡摩擦力，故长木板要适当倾斜，以平衡小车运动中受到的阻力，故A错误；B、橡皮筋对小车做的功是一根橡皮筋做功的倍数，如此不同规格的橡皮筋不可用，故B错误；C、实验中改变拉力做功时，为了能定量，所以用不同条数的橡皮筋且拉到一样的长度，这样橡皮筋对小车做的功才有倍数关系，故C正确；D、需要测量出加速的末速度，即最大速度，也就是匀速运动的速度，所以应选用纸带上打点最均匀的局部进展计算，故C错误，D正确．应当选：CD．19．在利用自由落体“验证机械能守恒定律〞的实验中〔1〕如下器材中不必要的一项为哪一项 C 〔只需填字母代号〕．A．重物 B．纸带 C．天平 D．50Hz低压交流电源 E．毫米刻度尺〔2〕关于本实验的误差，说法不正确的一项为哪一项 AA．选择质量较小的重物，有利于减小误差B．选择点击清晰的纸带，有利于减小误差C．先松开纸带后接通电源会造成较大的误差D．本实验产生误差的主要原因是因为重物在下落过程中不可防止地受到阻力的作用〔3〕如下列图为实验得到的一条点迹清晰的纸带，把第一个点记做O，另选连续的4个点A、B、C、D作为测量的点．经测量知道A、B、C、D各点到O点的距离分别为62.78cm、70.00cm、77.58cm、85.52cm．根据以上数据重物由O点运动到B点，重力势能的减少量等于 6.86 J，动能的增加量等于 6.85 J．〔所用重物的质量为1.00kg，当地重力加速度g=9.80m/s2，结果取3位有效数字．〕【考点】验证机械能守恒定律．【分析】根据验证机械能守恒定律的原理与实验方法可知需要的器材．根据重物下降的高度求出重力势能的减小量，根据某段时间内的平均速度等于中间时刻的瞬时速度求出B点的速度，从而求出动能的增加量．【解答】解：在用自由落体“验证机械能守恒定律〞时，我们是利用自由下落的物体带动纸带运动，通过打点计时器在纸带上打出的点求得动能与变化的势能；故在实验中要有重物、纸带和打电计时器，而打点计时器需要电源；而在数据处理中物体的质量可以消去，故不需要测物体的质量，故不用天平；应当选：C〔2〕A、实验供选择的重物应该相对质量较大、体积较小的物体，这样能减少摩擦阻力的影响，故A错误；B、选择点击清晰的纸带，有利于减小误差，故B正确；C、先松开纸带后接通电源，由于重物运动较快，不利于数据的采集和处理，会对实验产生较大的误差，故C正确；D、本实验产生误差的主要原因是因为重物在下落过程中不可防止地受到阻力的作用，故D 正确；此题选不正确的，应当选：A．〔3〕根据重力做功与重力势能的关系得：△E p=mgh OB=1.00×9.80×0.70=6.86J，故重物的重力势能减少量为6.86J由匀变速直线运动的规律，中间时刻的瞬时速度等于该段时间内的平均速度，即v B==3.70m/s△E k==×1.00×〔3.70〕2=6.85J故答案为：〔1〕C；〔2〕A；〔3〕6.86，6.85四．计算题〔此题共3小题，总分为29分．要求写出必要的文字说明，重要的物理规律，答题时应写出完整的数值和单位．只有结果没有过程的不能得分，过程不完整的不能得总分为．〕20．在海边高出海面h=45m的悬崖上，海防部队进展实弹演习，用一平射炮射击离悬崖水平距离为x=900m，静止在海面上的靶舰，并恰好击中靶舰〔g取10m/s2，忽略空气阻力〕试求〔1〕炮弹飞行时间〔2〕炮弹发射的初速度．。