GRE逻辑阅读练习部分翻译与解析(六)

GRE逻辑阅读部分翻译与解析（tuesday）1．Ａ,一个临时工作介绍所，原先在员工们每工作完700小时就给他们2．5天的带薪休假。

而Ａ的新政策是每人工作满1200小时后给员工们5天带薪休假，因而这项新政策相对于旧政策来说给与了员工们更多的单位工作时间的休假。

问题：下面哪个是文中结论的假设？Ａ．绝大部分的Ａ的员工赞成这项新政策Ｂ．很少有员工在工作没有达到700小时就离开Ａ的Ｃ．很多的Ａ的员工直到公司已经采取这项新政策时候才意识到公司已经计划这么做了Ｄ．在Ａ公司工作满1200小时的员工占很大的比例。

Ｅ．Ａ的新休假政策很与竞争对手相近结论是说这项政策是对员工慷慨的，那么必须有一个前提是能有较多的人能工作满1200小时，不然就不如以前了，所以选Ｄ2．当到达地球的紫外线照射总量增多的时候，青蛙的总数在近几年减少了。

因为当青蛙卵暴露在紫外线照射下时，青蛙的基因会被伤害，因为卵没有贝壳或者皮革质的覆盖物而仅仅胶状的保护物，所以青蛙数量的减少很可能至少部分上是因为紫外线照射造成的。

问题：下面的哪一个强烈支持上面的观点？Ａ．即使在那些紫外线照射量没有大量增加的地区，也只有小部分的青蛙卵孵化成功。

Ｂ．在那些青蛙数量减少最少的地方，青蛙捕食的昆虫数量减少了Ｃ．青蛙数量减少的种类的卵体内比数量没有减少的种类的卵体内含有更多的有毒农药沉积物Ｄ．在很多乌龟（产蛋并且有很硬的皮质覆盖物）和青蛙共存的栖息地，乌龟的数量也在减少。

Ｅ．那些把卵产在岩石或者沙子下面的青蛙数量比那些产卵时不把卵盖住的青蛙数量减少的少很多。

文中的观点应该是青蛙因为没有有效的保护物因而收到紫外线照射时基因遭到破坏从而数量减少。

所以需要的一个前提就是不受紫外线照射时他们的数量不减少，或减少很少，所以可知答案选Ｅ．3．为增强生产率，制造公司最近开始重组劳力以使用更少的装配工人生产更多的产品，公司所以解雇了很多的工人，那些遭到解雇的工人一般是都是那些资历尚浅的年轻人。

GRE考试阅读练习试题及答案练习一：阅读理解阅读材料在20世纪，科学家们对量子力学的研究揭示了一个令人惊讶的事实：微观世界的物理规律与我们在宏观世界中经验到的完全不同。

在量子世界里，粒子的行为不仅受到它们所在位置的影响，还受到观察者的影响。

这种现象最著名的例子就是“双缝实验”。

在双缝实验中，当粒子如电子通过两个并排的缝隙时，如果你不去观察它们，粒子就会表现出波动性，就像波一样穿过其中一个缝隙。

然而，如果你在实验过程中观察粒子，它们就会表现出粒子性，好像在两个缝隙之间做出了选择。

这个实验不仅挑战了我们对现实的传统理解，也揭示了观察者在量子力学中的重要地位。

这一发现对现代物理学、尤其是量子计算和量子通信等领域的研究产生了深远的影响。

练习题目1. 根据文章，量子力学研究的对象是什么？2. 双缝实验显示了量子粒子的哪种性质？3. 文章中提到的“观察者效应”对量子力学意味着什么？答案1. 量子力学研究的对象是微观世界的物理规律。

2. 双缝实验显示了量子粒子的波动性和粒子性。

3. 观察者效应意味着观察者在量子力学中扮演着重要角色，粒子的行为会受到观察者的影响。

---练习二：逻辑推理阅读材料在过去的几十年里，全球变暖已经成为一个不可忽视的问题。

科学研究表明，人类活动产生的温室气体是导致全球变暖的主要原因。

为了应对这一挑战，许多国家已经开始采取行动，比如提高能源效率，发展可再生能源，以及减少排放。

然而，全球变暖的问题并非仅靠个别国家的努力就能解决。

国际合作是解决这一全球性问题的关键。

只有通过全球合作，我们才能实现足够的减排，以防止全球温度进一步上升。

练习题目1. 全球变暖的主要原因是什么？2. 解决全球变暖问题的关键是什么？答案1. 全球变暖的主要原因是人类活动产生的温室气体。

2. 解决全球变暖问题的关键是国际合作。

---练习三：词汇理解阅读材料在现代社会，信息传播的速度和范围达到了前所未有的高度。

互联网和社交媒体的兴起使得人们可以即时地分享和获取信息。

2019年GRE考试阅读长难句详细解析(6)Such variations in size， shape，chemistry， conduction speed， excitation threshold，and the like as had been demonstrated in nerve cells remained negligible in significance for any possible correlation with the manifold dimensions of mental experience.(5)难免类型：复杂修饰译文：类似于这些已经被在神经细胞中证明的在大小、形状、化学过程、产生的速度、兴奋阈值及其类似的方面上所发生变化，当他们被用来与大脑的体验以可能的方式联系起来的时候，他们在重要性上仍然是微不足道的。

解释：即使是初练难免的人其实也很熟悉such thing as something这样的语言方式，不过当中间的小东西thing居然变成了一个长达十二个单词的大东西的时候，实在令人搞不清后面的as及其后的something 到底为哪方神圣。

再加上以such as 为中心的长主语距离系动词remain太远，更增加了本句的难度。

请读者反复阅读，直到读出这样的感觉：顺序阅读原文时，原文似乎就是几大块，就好像是such things as a remain negligible in a certain sense.It was possible to demonstrate by other methods refined structural differences among neuron types ; however , proof was lacking that the quality of the impulse or its condition was influenced by these differences , which seemed instead to influence the developmental patterning of the neuralcircuits .(5)有可能通过其他方法来证明神经元种类间的细微的结构差异;不过，这样的证据是缺乏的，即神经冲动的性质或者状态是受这些差异所影响的，而这些差异看起来却能影响神经网络的发育模式。

GRE逻辑阅读部分翻译与解析（saturday）1、古希腊剧作家Euripides在其晚期的作品中没有像其早期那样严格遵守诗体结构的成规。

因为最近发现的一部Euripides的剧本中的诗句像他早期的剧本一样严格地遵守了那些成规，所以该剧本一定创作于Euripides的早期。

下面哪一个是上面论述所做的假设?(A)所有Euripides的剧本都写成诗体。

(B)Euripides在其创作生涯的晚期没有写过任何模仿其早期作品风格的剧本。

(C)随着创作的发展，Euripides日益意识不到其诗体结构的成规。

(D)在其职业生涯晚期，Euripides是其时代惟一的有意打破诗体成规的剧作家。

(E)古代的剧作家在其创作晚期比早期更倾向于不再愿意打破某种陈规。

解析：本题由一个discovery得出结论，属于“B，A”型，此类假设大多为“除了A以外没有别的原因”，能够用否定概念定位找到(B)，发现(B) 确实为上述推理成立的必要条件。

因为若Euripides在其晚期的作品模仿过早期的风格，则上述推理必不成立，所以(B)准确。

2、在美国，即使新制造的国产汽车的平均油效仍低于新制造的进口汽车，但它在1983年到1988年间却显著地增加了。

自那以后，新制造的国产汽车的平均油效没再提升，但新制造的国产汽车与进口汽车在平均油效上的差别却逐渐缩小。

如以上论述准确，那么基于此的下面哪一项也一定准确?(A)1988年后制造的国产汽车的平均油效高于1988年制造的进口汽车的平均油效。

(B)新制造的国产汽车的平均油效从1988年后逐渐趋向缩小。

(C)新制造的进口汽车的平均油效从1988年以后趋向缩小。

(D)新制造的进口汽车的平均油效在1983年后趋向增加。

(E)1983年制造的进口汽车的平均油效高于1988年制造的进口汽车的平均油效。

解析：本题属于数学相关类的归纳题，能够用简单的数学思维去判断。

通过读题，发现重点为“新的国产汽车自1988年后平均油效未提升，而与进口汽车的平均油效的差别却减小了”，所以能够得出结论，进口汽车在1988年后的平均油效减小了。

GRE阅读36篇译文Exercise 11.1与博弈理论相关的是某些寄生黄蜂的性别比率，他们拥有大量的雌蜂。

在这些蜂类中，受精卵孵化为雌蜂，未受精卵孵化为雄蜂。

雌蜂储存精子，她产的每个卵子是否受精都由雌蜂决定。

根据F的基因理论，生物倾向于这样的性别比例，即能够拥有最多数量的后代，因此能最大程度复制并传递基因，为此，产生等量的雌性和雄性后代对他们是有利的。

H认识到这些卵都在宿主，即另外的昆虫的幼虫中孵化；而且，新产生的成蜂马上交配二手很快消失，对这些现象的认知，提供了更让人信服的分析。

由于通常一个宿主幼虫只有一个雌蜂产卵，因此只孵化一只雄蜂便可获益匪浅，因为这只雄蜂可以使同时孵化出的所有的雌蜂都受精。

和F一样，H也在寻找生物进化的稳定策略，但是他更深入了一步，认识到他正在寻找这样的策略。

1.2T学者很显然是错误所谓。

J时代的美国并不是一个流动易变、平均主义的社会，个人富有和贫困只是一时的情况。

至少根据P的理论，他对美国1825-1850年极富人群的研究破除了传统观念。

为了证明这个极富阶级确实存在，P提供了大量的事例和一些让人耳目一新、清楚明了的数据。

虽然这些富人也活跃于商业和一些行业，但是大多数富人的财富不是白手起家的，而是家族世袭的。

金融风暴使得资本少的人倾家荡产，而这些富人却得以保存并且好发无损。

事实上，在一些城市这些最富裕的人的比例还继续增长，到1850年拥有一半的社会财富。

虽然这些观察是真实情况，但是P根据这些得出结论，认为美国在18世纪晚期形成的无可争议的不平等在J执政时期依然持续，美国在工业革命之前就已经是一个阶级分化严重，财阀统治的社会，未免言过其实。

1.3所谓厌氧糖酵解，是指能量在无氧状态下通过肌肉糖原分解为能量物——物乳酸和ATP的过程。

厌氧能量产生的多少与糖原的多少相关——在所有脊椎动物中大约是他们肌肉敬重的0.5%。

这样，脊椎动物厌氧能量的储存和动物的体积成正比。

比如如果捕食者攻击一个重达100吨的恐龙，这些恐龙尽管行动迟缓，但是他们通过厌氧糖酵解产生的即时能量相当于3000个人通过有氧代谢产生的能量。

gre阅读真题的翻译和解析1.一种曾在19世纪造成白马铃薯饥荒的真菌的新的更有侵略性的类型在最近出现。

然而由于这种真菌可以被加大用量的杀菌剂杀死，因而这种真菌不会带来对那些依赖于马铃薯为食物的国家造成大面积的食物短缺。

问题：下面哪一个会给文中的结论带来疑问?A.尽管马铃薯是世界上很多地方的主要农作物，在大多数国家人们首要的还是以小麦或者大米为食。

B.在新型真菌扩散的大多数国家农民不能增加他们在杀菌剂上的花费。

C.这种新的真菌是在被感染的马铃薯从一个马铃薯主要出口国出口过来之后开始传播的D.在大多数国家马铃薯农除了使用杀死这种新型真菌的杀菌剂外还使用了几种杀虫剂E.大多数政府留出了可以减轻类似于食物短缺和洪灾之类的大规模灾害的影响的资金。

答案选B，毋庸置疑。

2.作为机关，面临着预算困难，减少科学研究的支持，更大数量的类似研究是由私人基金会支持的。

这种转变意味着会带来有争议的科学研究项目会在所有的支持的研究项目中占更少的部分，因为私人基金会考虑到自己的公共形象而趋向于避免争议。

问题：下面哪一个是上面的假设?A.只有那些不会有可能带来争议顾虑而进行的研究会产生科学上有效的结果。

B.支持科学研究项目的私人基金会意识到项目可能的争议是不可总避免的。

C.有私人基金会支持的项目科学家不同意支持机构在他们做研究时影响他们的做法。

D.许多的政府机构比私人基金会更在意自己的公共形象。

E.政府机构比私人机构更愿意支持会产生争议的科研项目。

答案选E，A无关，B相反，C也相反，D也是。

3.刑事审判陪审团不会依据任何目击者没有证实的证词做出裁决，这样很对，因为对任何人做出的未经证实的说法保持高度的怀疑是谨慎的。

但是为做到始终如一，陪审团应该终止一种太寻常的行为：在未经证实的供认基础上对被告指控有罪。

问题：下面哪一个加强了上面的结论?A.陪审团经常在那些被告收回在审讯之前做的所有供认的案子中宣判无罪。

B.陪审团选举的过程中会去掉那些在审讯之前就对被告的犯罪有坚定的观点的人。

新gre阅读逻辑10套及答案解析可能有的小伙伴们在备考gre阅读的时候一直认为阅读就得需要大题量的练习来进行备考，但是对gre阅读考试的相关内容缺乏了解，今天小编为大家带来的资料就是新gre阅读逻辑10套及答案解析。

新gre阅读逻辑10套1. Armtech, a temporary-employment agency, previously gave its employees2.5 paid vacation days after each 700 hours worked. Armtech's new policy is to give its employees 5.0 paid vacation days after each 1,200hours worked. Therefore, this new policy is more generous to Armtech employees in giving them more vacation days per hour worked than the old policy did. Which of the following is an assumption on whichthe argument depends?(A) Most current Armtech employees approve of the company's new vacation policy.(B) A few Armtech employees leave the company before having worked 700 hours.(C) Most Armtech employees were not aware that the company planned to change its vacation policy until after it had already done so.(D) A significant portion of Armtech employees stay with the company long enough to work for 1,200 hours.(E) Armtech's new vacation policy closely matches the vacation policies of competing temporary employment agencies.2 The global population of frogs has declined in recent years while the amount of ultraviolet radiation reaching the Earth has increased. Since the genetic material infrog eggs is harmed when exposed to ultraviolet radi- ation,and since the eggs themselves are not protected by shells or leathery coverings but are gelatinous, the frog population decline is probably due, at least in part, to the ultraviolet radiation increase. Which of the following, if true, provides the strongest support for the argument?(A) Even in those regions where there has been no significant increase in ultraviolet radiation, only a small proportion of the frog eggs that are laid ever hatch.(B) In areas where there has been the least decline in frog populations, populations of species of insects that frogs eat have decreased.(C) The eggs of frog species whose populations are declining tend to have higher concentrations of damaging pesticides than do the eggs of frog species whose populations have not declined.(D) In many places where turtles, which lay eggs with tough, leathery coverings, share habitats with frogs, turtle populations are also in decline.(E) Populations of frog species that hide their eggs beneath rocks or under sand have declined considerably less than have populations of frog species that do not cover their eggs.3 To improve productivity, manufacturing companies have recently begun restructuring work to produce more goods with fewer assembly-line workers, and the companies have laid off many workers as aconsequence. The workers laid off have been those with the least seniority(time on the job), generallythe younger workers.The statements above, if true, most strongly support which of the following as a conclusion?(A) The products manufactured by the companies are not undergoing design changes while the manufacturing jobs arebeing restructured.(B) When assembly-line workers have made sug- gestions for improvements in manufacturing processes, some suggestions have been implemented, but many have not.(C) Assembly-line workers now need increased reading and mathematical skills to do their jobs.(D) Some of the innovations in assembly-line processes and procedures that were made to increase productivity have instead proved to be counterproductive.(E) The manufacturing companies are increasing the average age of their assembly-line workforce while still seeking to increase production.4.During the nineteenth century, Britain's urban popu- lation increased as its rural population diminished. A historian theorizes that, rather than industrialization'sbeing the cause, this change resulted from a series of migrations to urban areas, each occasioned by a depression in the agrarian economy. To test this hypoth-esis, the historian will compare economic data with population census data. The historian's hypothesis would be most strongly supported if which of the following were found to betrue?(A) The periods of greatest growth in the industrial economy were associated with a relatively rapid decline in the rural population.(B) The periods of greatest weakness in the agrarian economy were associated with relatively slow growth in the population as a whole.(C) Periods when the agrarian economy was compar- ativelystrong and the industrial economy com- paratively weak were associated with a particu- larly rapid decline in the rural population.(D) Periods when the agrarian and industrial econo- mies were both strong were associated with particularly rapid growth in the urban popula- tion.(E) The periods of greatest strength in the agrarian economy were associated with relatively slow growth in the urban population.5 Politician：Each year, small businesses create more jobs than do large established businesses. Therefore, in order to reduce unemployment in the long term, we should provide incentives for starting small businesses rather than for expanding established large businesses. Which of the following, if true, casts the most doubt on the politician's argument?(A) In general, people employed by small businesses report higher job satisfaction than do people employed by large businesses.(B) Among the currently unemployed are many people with sufficient job skills to perform the jobs that small businesses would create.(C) Providing an effective incentive for starting a business generally costs significantly less than providing an effective incentive for expanding a large business.(D) A high proportion of small businesses fail within three years of starting because of their owners' inexperience.(E) The average large business contributes more money to politicians’ campaign funds than the average small business does.新GRE阅读逻辑10套答案1.内容：尽管在该地区的高中入学率已经连续几年下降，但小学的入学率已经有相当大地增长，因此，地区教育委员会建议建立一所新的小学。

“I want to criticize the social system, and to show it at work, at its most intense.” Virginia Woolf’s provocative statement about her intentions in writing Mrs. Dalloway has regularly been ignored by the critics, since it highlights an aspect of her literary interests very different from the traditional picture of the “poetic” novelist concerned with examining states of reverie and vision and with following the intricate pathways of individual consciousness. But Virginia Woolf was a realistic as well as a poetic novelist, a satirist and social critic as well as a visionary: literary critics’ cavalier dismissal of Woolf’s social vision will not withstand scrutiny. In her novels, Woolf is deeply engaged by the questions of how individuals are shaped (or deformed) by their social environments, how historical forces impinge on people’s lives, how class, wealth, and gender help to determine people’s fates. Most of her novels are rooted in a realistically rendered social setting and in a precise historical time. Woolf’s focus on society has not been generally recognized because of her intense antipathy to propaganda in art. The pictures of reformers in her novels are usually satiric or sharply critical. Even when Woolf is fundamentally sympathetic to their causes, she portrays people anxious to reform their society and possessed of a message or program as arrogant or dishonest, unaware of how their political ideas serve their own psychological needs. (Her Writer’s Diary notes: “the only honest people are the artists,” whereas “these social reformers and philanthropists…harbor…discreditable desires under the disguise of loving their kind…”) Woolf detested what she called “preaching” in fiction, too, and criticized novelist D. H. Lawrence (among others) for working by this method. Woolf’s own social criticism is expressed in the language of observation rather than in direct commentary, since for her, fiction is a contemplative, not an active art. She describes phenomena and provides materials for a judgment about society and social issues; it is the reader’s work to put the observations together and understand the coherent point of view behind them. As a moralist, Woolf works by indirection, subtly undermining officially accepted mores, mocking, suggesting, calling into question, rather than asserting, advocating, bearing witness: hers is the satirist’s art. Woolf’s literary models were acute social observers like Chekhov and Chaucer. As she put it in The Common Reader, “It is safe to say that not a single law has been framed or one stone set upon another because of anything Chaucer said or wrote; and yet, as we read him, we are absorbing morality at every pore.” Like Chaucer, Woolf chose to understand as well as to judge, to know her society root and branch—a decision crucial in order to produce art rather than polemic.。

逻辑题GRE阅读中的逻辑题型和GMAT中的逻辑单题有很多相似之处。

这类题型的数⽬不多，但是却包含了⼀些必要的逻辑推理知识，主要考察考⽣的逻辑推理能⼒。

逻辑题三⼤出题原则：1、不需要专业的背景知识原则阅读中的逻辑题都是基于其中的某⼀个段落，涉及的领域很⼴泛，像艺术、社会学、历史、教育、政治、体育、⼴告等。

虽然涉及内容包罗万象，读懂⽂章、回答问题、⽆需任何学科、专业的特定知识，⽽应着重从逻辑推理的⾓度来思维。

即使主题题是你未读到的，你的回答所需的⼀切信息均已包含在段落之中。

2、Which of the following 原则逻辑题的⼤多数问题有which of the following, 要求你根据段落⾥所给信息及逻辑推理，从下⾯五个选项中选出⼀个选项，从⽽实现问题⽬的。

有时，或许这个选项并不是专业知识背景下或常识中的选项，但只要是五个选项中最能实现问题⽬的的选项就可以了。

3、If true 原则If true在许多考题中出现，紧接在which of the following 之后，有时表达是if practicable, if accepted, if feasible, if correct等。

这使得选项在即使违反常识或专业知识的情况下，我们也不能质疑其正确性。

阅读中的逻辑题型分为两种：1、⽀持（support 题）这类考题的特征在段落中给出⼀个推理或论证，但或者由于前提的条件不够充分，不⾜以推出其结论；或者由于论证的论据不够全⾯，不⾜以得出其结论，因此需⽤某⼀选项去补充其前提或论据，使推理或论证成⽴的可能性增⼤。

但由于答案不需要充分性，所以只要某⼀选项放在段落推理的论据或结论之间，对段落推理成⽴或结论有⽀持作⽤，使段落推理成⽴、结论正确的可能性增⼤，那么这个选项就是⽀持的正确答案。

2、反对（weaken题）反对题型的解题思路与⽀持题型的解题思路基本⼀样，只不过是其答案对段落推理的作⽤刚好相反。

【Passage 1】Immediately relevant to game theory are the sex ratios in certain parasitic wasp species that have a large excess of females.与博弈论有着紧密联系的是特定寄生蜂种群中的性别比例，该种群有着大量的雌蜂。

In these species, fertilized eggs develop into females and unfertilized eggs into males.在这些种群中，受精卵发展成为雌蜂，而未受精的卵发展成为雄蜂。

A female stores sperm and can determine the sex of each egg she lays by fertilizing it or leaving it unfertilized.雌蜂储存精子，并通过受精与否决定每个卵的性别。

By Fisher‘s genetic argument that the sex ratio will be favored which maximizes the number of descendants an individual will have and hence the number of gene copies transmitted, it should pay a female to produce equal numbers of sons and daughters.通过F的遗传论据，性别比例将会倾向于那些将后代数量最大化的个体，并因此大量的基因复制得以被传输。

而这应该会使得雌蜂生产等量的雌雄幼体。

Hamilton, noting that the eggs develop within their host—the larva of another insect—and that the newly emerged adult wasps mate immediately and disperse, offered a remarkably cogent analysis.H认为，蜂卵将在它们寄主-其他昆虫的幼虫中进行发育，新长成的成年蜂会立即进行交配并分散开。