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高考英语：非谓语动词考点精华讲义高三的一轮复习已经进行了一大半，许多同学做题依然错误百出，其中一个重要原因是不能看懂句子结构，甚至分不清谓语动词和非谓语动词。
今天分享一下我总结的非谓语动词复习讲义，希望能够帮助大家更好地掌握这一重要的语法专题。
一、分类：动词不定式、动词-ing形式、动词的过去分词总的特点：1.非谓语动词作状语时，其逻辑主语与主句主语保持一致。
2.Doing/T o do (sth.)+单数V : 非谓语动词作主语，谓语用单数。
二、动词不定式1、特点：表将来2、形式：①基本型：to+动词原形（do）。
②被动式：to be done ③完成时:to have done ④进行时：to be doing3、句子功能：主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、补语（宾补）Eg: ①To catch the early train, you`ll have to get up early.(目的状语)②I rushed there in a taxi only to find the library closed.(结果状语：意外结果)。
③This is very good music to dance to.(定语)④It is necessary to learn English well.(主语，it 为形式主语)4、不定式的省略1）（为了避免重复）并列结构中第二个to：I want to get up early and read English.例外：前后表对比时，to不可省去:To be or not to be ,that is the question.It is better to lose one’s life than to lose one’s spirit.2) （为了避免重复）省去to后的不定式结构：—Would you liketo go shopping?—Yes,I`d like to.例外：to后有have/be时，保留be或have—Did you go shopping yesterday? —No, but I ought to have.5、不定式主动形式表被动意义1）主(sth)+ be + 主补/表语（表性质的adj. + to do）2) 主＋Vt + 宾语 + 宾补（adj.+ to do)3) 主 + Vt+ 宾语+定语(to do): 不定式作定语与所修饰的名词（代词）构成逻辑动宾关系，又和该句主语构成逻辑上的主谓关系。
非谓语动词1.非谓语动词除去不能做谓语之外，其他所有成分都可以做。
[思维导图]2.非谓语动词首先是一种动词形式，其次这种动词形式不能做谓语。
非谓语动词除去不能做谓语之外，其他所有成分都可以做。
3.非谓语动词的逻辑主语一般式句子的主语。
4．（1）若提示词为动词，句中没有别的谓语动词，或者虽然已有谓语动词，但需填的动词与之是并列关系时，就该填谓语动词，此时要考虑时态、语态和主谓一致，有时还需考虑虚拟语气。
（2）若提示词为动词，句中已有谓语动词，又不是并列谓语时，就该填非谓语动词，就要确定是v.－ing形式，v.－ed形式，还是不定式。
一般来说，v.－ing 形式表示主动、进行；v.－ed形式表示被动、完成；不定式表示尚未发生的动作。
命题点一动词不定式不定式由“to＋动词原形”构成，其否定形式是“not to＋动词原形”。
不定式可以加宾语或状语构成不定式短语，它没有人称和数的变化，但有时态和语态的变化。
(一)不定式的用法1．作主语(1)不定式短语作主语时，往往放在谓语之后，用it作形式主语。
To see is to believe.眼见为实。
It is right to give up smoking.戒烟是正确的。
(2)在“It is/was＋adj.＋for/of sb. to do sth.”结构中，若形容词侧重于评价人物的特性、特征，则构成不定式复合结构的介词应用of，此时形容词常为kind, nice, foolish等词，且sb.与形容词之间可构成逻辑上的系表关系；若形容词侧重于描写不定式动作的特征、特点，则构成不定式复合结构的介词应用for。
It is generous of him to contribute so much.他捐献了这么多真是太慷慨了。
It was important for us to live a low-carbon life.过一种低碳生活对我们来说很重要。
2．作宾语(1)下列动词只能用不定式作宾语，请牢记下面的口诀：我们一致同意在校门口见面。
非谓语动词写作指导第一局部：非谓语动词在剧中所做成分一、非谓语动词作状语George returned after the war, only to be told that his wife had left him.乔治战后归来，却被告知他的妻子已经离他而去。
One evening Harry phoned me, asking me to come to his flat as soon as possible.一天晚上哈里给我打，要求我尽快去他家。
Seriously injured, he had to be taken to hospital immediately.因为受伤较重，他得被立即送往医院。
二、非谓语动词作宾语She pretended not to see me when I passed by.当我经过时，她假装没看见我。
I still remember being taken to the Famen Temple and what I saw there.我仍记得别人带我去过法门寺，并记得在那里所看到的一切。
三、非谓语动词作宾补I looked up and noticed a snake winding its way up the tree to catch its breakfast.我抬头看，注意到一条蛇正沿树蜿蜒而上，捕捉它的早餐。
I was surprised to find my hometown changed so much.发现我的家乡变化如此之大我感到很惊奇。
I saw him go upstairs.我看到他上楼了。
四、非谓语动词作定语Laura was away in Paris fbr over a week. When she got home, there was a pile of mail waitingfor her.劳拉去巴黎待了一周多的时间。
非谓语动词一主语（一）1.To know oneself is difficult.2.Learning without practice is not good.3.Working in these conditions is not a pleasure but a suffering.4.It’s impo rtant to master a foreign language.5.It seemed a pity to have wasted so much time.6.It's a waste of time arguing about it.动词原形是不能作主语的。
动词作主语时，如果侧重于表示经常性，在动词后面加ing构成动名词来做主语；如果侧重于表示将来特定的某一次，则用动词不定式来做主语。
Playing basketball is my favorite sport. (“打篮球”指经常性，因此用动名词。
)To go to a key college is his dream. (“上名牌大学”指特定的将来的某一次，用不定式)有时为了对称，主语，宾语（或表语）要么都用不定时，要么都用动名词。
Seeing is believing. To see is to believe.（二）用it作形式主语（1）It is a waste of time persuading such a person to join usIt is no use doing sth.It is funIt is uselessIt is no goodIt is niceIt is a waste of timeIt is a pleasure(2)It is/was +adj.+(of sb.) to do…,kind, cruel, nice, good ,foolish, silly, stupid, wise, clever, brave, selfish, crazy, careless, rude, impolite, wrong, grateful, generous, considerate, thoughtful(3)It is +adj.+(for sb.)+to do…It is easy / difficult / hard / foolish / unwise / right / wrong / unnecessary…(4) It is +a/an +名词+ to do...It is a pity / a pleasure / a pleasant thing / one’s duty / an honor / a shame / a crime / no easy job… to do(5)It takes (sb.) some time / courage / patience …to do…(6)It requires courage / patience / hard work… to do…___ is a good form of exercise for both young and old.A. The walkB. WalkingC. To walkD. Walk1._______ to sunlight for too much time will do harm to one’s skin.A. ExposedB. having exposedC. Being exposedD. After being exposed2.To answer correctly is more important than _____.A. that you finish quicklyB. finishing quicklyC. to finish quicklyD. finish quickly3.__________ now seems impossible.A. Saving moneyB. To save moneyC. Being saved moneyD. To be saved money4.He told us whether _________ a picnic was still under discussionA. to haveB. havingC. haveD. had6.What do you think made Mary so upset?_______ her new bicycle.A. As she lostB. LostC. LosingD. Because of losing7.It’s a waste of time ____________ this.A. discussB. discussingC. to discussedD. discussed(二) 宾语They didn't mind being treated like guests.He prefers to be starved to death rather than beg.1. They suggested _____ the sports meet till next Tuesday.A. us to put offB. putting offC. us of putting offD. our put off2. They managed _____the meeting room before the guests arrived.A. finishing to cleanB. finishing cleaningC. to finish cleaningD. to finish to clean（1）afford, ask, agree, arrange, attempt, care, choose, demand, decide, desire ,expect, fail, help, hope, hesitate, learn, long, manage, offer, plan, prepare, pretend, promise, refuse, want, wish （2）advise, suggest, allow, permit, avoid, consider, enjoy, finish, cannot help, imagine, include, keep, keep on, mind, miss, delay, practice, resist, postpone(推迟)，delay, deny(否认), appreciate (欣赏，感激), escape, excuse, pardon, can’t stand, put off, give up, can’t help,（3）think of/about, dream of/about, hear of, prevent/keep/stop…from…, depend on, set about, succeed (in), worry about, burst out, insist on, be/get used to, devote…to…, lo ok forward to, pay attention to, get down to, be good at, do well in, be fond of, be interested in,1.She enjoys __________ light music.A. to hearB. hearingC. listening toD. to listen to2.We asked ___ to work in the countryside.A. to be sentB. to sendC. to be sendingD. sending3.There were many talented actors out there just waiting .A. to discoverB. to be discoveredC. discoveredD. being discovered4.You can keep the book until you __________.A. have finished readingB. finish to readC. will finish readingD. have finished to read5.Can you imagine yourself __________ on a desert island?A. stayingB. stayC. have stayedD. being stayed6.Almost everyone fails __________ on the first try.A. in passing his driver’s testB. to pass his driver’s testC. to have passed his driver’s testD. passing his driver’s test7.When he got off the train, it happened __________.A. to rainB. to be rainingC. rainingD. to raining8.The young driver offered _________ the patient out of the car.A. to handB. handingC. handsD. would hand9.Ali said that she wouldn’t mind _________ alone at home.A. leftB. being leftC. to be leftD. leaving（4）有些动词后即可用动名词也可以不定式做宾语（如like, love, hate, dislike, begin, start, continue, want, need, stop, remember, forget, try, attempt等）。
非谓语动词 1.知道非谓语和谓语之间的区别2.掌握ing 、done 、to do 的不同用法3. .了解非谓语在句子都能做什么成分 [解读要点]（状语、定语、宾语、宾补、主语、表语）Many Chinese brands ，having developed their reputations over centuries ，are facing new challenges from the modern market.很多中国品牌历经几个世纪树立了声誉，它们正面临着当代市场带来的新挑战。
There are still many problems to be solved before we are ready for a long stay on the Moon.在我们准备在月球上长住之前，还有很多问题仍需要解决。
[先试做题组]Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．Many airlines now allow passengers to print their boarding passes online to save (save) their valuable time.2．The hospital has recently obtained new medical equipment ， to allow (allow) more patients to be treated.[再解读要点]1．不定式作状语（to do ）作目的状语，可用in order to 替换，意为“为了；想要”。
To make it easier to get in touch with us ，you 'd better keep this card at hand.为了便于联系我们，你最好将这张卡片放在身边。
2．分词作状语非谓语动词作状语时，其逻辑主语通常就是句子的主语。
现在分词（doing ）作状语时，现在分词所表示的动作与句子主语之间构成逻辑上的主动关系。
高考语法讲解距离高考还有一段时间，不少有经验的老师都会提醒考生，愈是临近高考，能否咬紧牙关、学会自我调节，态度是否主动积极，安排是否科学合理，能不能保持良好的心态、以饱满的情绪迎接挑战，其效果往往大不一样。
以下是本人从事10多年教学经验总结出的以下学习资料，希望可以帮助大家提高答题的正确率，希望对你有所帮助，有志者事竟成！养成良好的答题习惯，是决定高考英语成败的决定性因素之一。
做题前，要认真阅读题目要求、题干和选项，并对答案内容作出合理预测;答题时，切忌跟着感觉走，最好按照题目序号来做，不会的或存在疑问的，要做好标记，要善于发现，找到题目的题眼所在，规范答题，书写工整;答题完毕时，要认真检查，查漏补缺，纠正错误。
总之，在最后的复习阶段，学生们不要加大练习量。
在这个时候，学生要尽快找到适合自己的答题方式，最重要的是以平常心去面对考试。
英语最后的复习要树立信心，考试的时候遇到难题要想“别人也难”，遇到容易的则要想“细心审题”。
越到最后，考生越要回归基础，单词最好再梳理一遍，这样有利于提高阅读理解的效率。
另附高考复习方法和考前30天冲刺复习方法。
第四讲非谓语动词（一）—不定式适用学科英语适用年级高三适用区域全国课时时长（分钟） 2 课时/120 分钟知识点动词不定式作主语动词不定式作宾语动词不定式作表语动词不定式作宾语补足语动词不定式作定语动词不定式作状语动词不定式省略to的情况只能接不定式的动词学习目标知识：熟悉非谓语动词中不定式的灵活运用方法。
方法：分析不定式在句子中所充当的不同成分。
能力：提升学生的语言运用能力，规范不定式在句子中的正确使用。
学习重点不定式充当句子中的主语、宾语、定语、状语、补语和表语学习难点不定式作句子中的定语或状语教学过程一、复习预习1、教师引导学生复习上节课所学的重点内容，并采用提问的方式将上节课的重难点进行复习和巩固记忆；2、针对上节课的作业进行订正、提问或讨论，将集中出错的地方进行分析和进一步记忆。
非谓语动词专题讲义非谓语动词指不能在句中充当谓语，而是充当其他语法功能的动词。
非谓语动词有三种：动词不定式、动名词和分词（现在分词和过去分词），现在分词和动名词又统称为动词的-ing 形式，非谓语动词的否定形式是在非谓语动词前加not 构成。
动词不定式动词不定式由“to+动词原形”构成，在某些情况下可以省略to，在句中起名词、形容词和副词的作用，在句中可以作主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、同位语和独立成分。
动词不定（一）时态1.一般式动词不定式的一般式表示与谓语动词同时．．或之后．．的行为。
如：I want to have a rest. 我想休息一下。
（同时）I plan to attend the meeting. 我计划参加这次会议。
（之后）2. 完成式不定式的完成式表示不定式的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前．．的行为。
如：I’m sorry to have kept you waiting. 很抱歉让你久等了。
3. 进行式不定式的动作如果同谓语动词所表示的动作同时．．发生，则使用不定式的进行式。
如：They seemed to be talking about something important. 他们似乎在谈论重要的事情。
4. 完成进行式不定式的完成进行式表示在谓语动词之前．．．．着的动作。
如：．．已经发生，并且一直进行He is said to have been working in that factory for twelve years.据说他已经在那家工厂工作12年了。
动词不定式的用法：1.作主语To know everyting is to know nothing. 样样通，样样松。
注意：(1) 动词不定式作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。
(2) 不定式或不定式短语作主语时，常用it 作形式主语，而把真正的主语不定式放在后面，构成“It is +形容词（+for sb.）+不定式”结构。
如：To study English well is not easy. =It is not easy to study English well.2.作宾语I want to leave her soon. 我想尽快离开这儿。
He pretended to be a doctor. 他扮做一名医生。
注意：（1）能够直接接动词不定式作宾语的动词有：ask , arrange, agree, afford, attempt, choose, dare, decide, determine, demand, fail, demand, desire,fear, hate, intend, manage, mean, offer, prepare, plan, pretend, want, seek, wish, like, love, tend, long, expert, hope等（2）“主语+find(feel,judge, think, make ,believe, consider)+it+形容词/名词+to do sth”句型中，it为形式宾语，不定式为真正的宾语，通常放在后面。
I find it hard to master a foreign language.(3) 动词不定式还可以用作介词的宾语，但只限于作介词except和but 的宾语，意为“除了…”。
搭配有：can but+动词原形“只能、只得…”cannot (help/choose) but +动词原形“不得不…；只好…”do nothing but +动词原形“只做…”There is nothing to do but +动词原形have no choice but to do sth3.作表语The most important thing is to study hard.4.作宾语补足语（v.+sb+to do sth）He asked me to do the work with him. 他让我同他一起做这项工作。
(1)能用于“动词+宾语+带to的动词不定式”结构中的动词有：advise, aid（帮助）, allow, ask, beg, expect, forbid, force, invite, need, permit, mean, teach, tell, encourage, warn, want, urge(激励), remind,intend如：I intend you to come with me.(2)能使用不带．．to．．的动词不定式的动词有：make, let, have 三个使役动词see, look at, watch, notice, observe, hear, listen to, feel 等感官动词。
如：I often hear him sing the song.注：当这些词用于被动结构时，则要接带to的不定式（have, notice, watch不用于被动语态）（3）英语中一些表示心理状态的动词带to be 作宾补。
如：believe, consider, declare, find, feel, guess, prove, imagine, judge, know, suppose, think, understand。
注：to be在consider, declare, find, imagine等动词后常省略，但如果是to have been形式则不能省略。
如：I believe him (to be) honest. 我相信他是诚实的。
He was found to have been a prisoner. 他被发现曾经坐过牢。
（4）有些动词短语可接动词不定式作宾补。
如：ask for, long for, depend on, arrange for, provide for, wish for, vote for, wait for, prepare forI longed for him to stay. 我渴望他留下来。
They are waiting for the bus to come. 他们在等公共汽车来。
（5）hope, demand, suggest等动词不可接不定式作宾语补足语，应使用定语从句。
如：They hope us to visit Canada some day. ( ⅹ)They hope that we can visit Canada some day. ( √)5.不定式作定语不定式作定语必须放在被修饰词之后．．。
（1）作定语的不定式与被修饰词之间往往存在着逻辑上的关系：主谓关系、动宾关系。
He is not a man to tell lies. (主谓关系)The meeting to take place here the day after tomorrow is going to discuss the problem ofpopulation. (主谓关系) 后天在这里举行的会议将讨论人口问题。
I have something to say. (动宾关系)（2）不定式作定语与被修饰词之间是动宾关系，且不定式动词是不及物动词时，应在该动词后加上一个介词，但place, time, way后接的不及物动词不定式可以省略。
如：He has a nice pen to write with. 他有一支很好写的笔。
They have many toys to play with. 他们有许多玩具玩。
I don’t think it is a good place to live (in). 我认为这不是一个居住的好地方。
6. 不定式作状语不定式作状语时可以表示目的，原因，结果，方式或条件。
I come here to learn from you. （目的）I’m very glad to hear the news. (原因)He is old enough to go to school. (结果)He raised his hand as if to take off his hat. (方式)To look at him, you can’t help laughing. (条件)(1) 不定式表示目的时，常可用in order to, so as to 换用，其否定式为in order not to或so as not to，如：He got up early so as not to be late.(2) 不定式表示条件时，一般将表示条件的动词不定式置于句首，句中的谓语动词常含有：will, shall, should, would, can, must, could等情态动词。
如：To do such things, he can’t be stupid. 他能做出这样的事，就不可能是傻瓜。
（3）有些不定式短语可作独立成分，通常置于句首，有时位于句中或句尾，需用逗号同其他句子成分隔开。
如：To be honest, I don’t think we have a chance of winning.说实话，我认为我们没有获胜的可能。
常见的这类短语有：to be honest, to be frank, to be exact, to begin with, to make a long story short(长话短说)等。
（4）不定式作状语，其逻辑主语与句子的主语必须一致。
To learn English well , a good dictionary is needed. (ⅹ)To learn English well , he needs a good dictionary. (√)(5) 不定式与疑问词who, which, when, where, how, what等连用，在句中起名词的作用，可充当主语，表语，宾语等。
如：How to solve problem is very important. (作主语)The question is when to start. (作表语)He didn’t know what to say. (作宾语)注意：在与why连用时，只用于why/why not开头的问句中，后面的动词不定式不带to。
如：Why not have a rest?7.动词不定式的复合结构一般来说，不定式动作的执行者为主句的主语，但有时动词不定式的逻辑主语不是句子中的主语，这时须使用不定式的复合结构：“for +名词/代词+to do.或of +名词/代词+to do”这一结构在句中可作主语、表语、宾语、定语、状语等。
