不同类型土壤对水稻产量及养分吸收特性的影响_王秋菊

不同灌溉方式对水稻生长及产量的影响傅志强;黄璜;朱华武;陈灿【摘要】The rice growth and yields under four different irrigation methods were studied. The results showed that different irrigation method had significantly different impact on the rice growth, physiological characteristics, the dry matter accumulation and the production. The shallow irrigation was the optional method for rice growth and yields compared with other irrigation methods, and the dry irrigation method was the worst. Compared with the dry irrigation method, plant height, the tiller number and photosynthetic rate under the shallow irrigation method all rose, and the seed setting added by 41.5%, 1000-grain weight increased by 1.6 g, and the output increased by 15.8 g/pot significantly. Compared with the deep water irrigation method, the yield and the irrigation efficiency of the shallow irrigation increased by 7.6 g/pot and 0.69 kg/m respectively. The yield of the intermittent irrigation was equal to that under the deep flooding irrigation, but the irrigation efficiency was 0.44 kg/m3 higher than that of the deep flooding irrigation. Therefore, according tothe characteristics of the seasonal drought, the shallow irrigation method was conducive to the high yield of the late rice and the intermittent irrigation was helpful for the late rice culture in the south of Hunan province.%为建立湘南双季稻区节水灌溉栽培模式提供依据,设置了不同灌溉方式对水稻生长发育的影响试验.试验结果表明:不同灌溉方式在水稻生长、干物质积累、生理特性以及产最上都存在显著差异.4种灌溉方式下水稻生长与产最表现以浅水灌溉最优,受旱灌溉最差,与受旱灌溉比,浅水灌溉株高、分蘖数、光合速率均有提高,结实率提高了41.5％,千粒重增加了 1.6g,产量增加了15.8g/盆；浅水灌溉下水稻产量、灌溉用水利用率分别比深水灌溉高出7.6g/盆和0.69 kg/m3.间歇灌溉产最与深水灌溉差异很小,但间歇灌溉水分利用率高出深水灌溉0.44kg/m3.因此,在湘南双季稻区,针对季节性干旱的特点,采用浅水灌溉方式有利于晚稻高产稳产,间歇灌溉有利于晚稻种植.【期刊名称】《作物研究》【年(卷),期】2011(025)004【总页数】5页(P299-303)【关键词】水稻;栽培;水分管理;灌溉方式【作者】傅志强;黄璜;朱华武;陈灿【作者单位】湖南农业大学农学院,长沙410128;农业部多熟制作物栽培与耕作重点开放实验室,湖南长沙410128;湖南农业大学农学院,长沙410128;农业部多熟制作物栽培与耕作重点开放实验室,湖南长沙410128;湖南农业大学农学院,长沙410128;湖南农业大学农学院,长沙410128【正文语种】中文【中图分类】S511;S363随着水资源短缺和农业生产旱灾等问题日趋严重，水稻生产必须推行节水灌溉。

不同土壤水分处理对水稻光合特性及产量的影响王唯逍;刘小军;田永超;姚霞;曹卫星;朱艳【摘要】为探明土壤水分对水稻生长发育的影响机理,以武香粳14和两优培九为试验材料,分析了不同土壤水分处理下(W1、W2、W3和CK分别表示土壤体积含水量为20％、30％、40％和5cm水层灌溉)的水稻光合特性、产量及水分生产率等.结果表明,轻度水分胁迫(W3)具有处理间最大的叶片气孔导度、蒸腾速率和净光合速率,其他处理规律不显著.灌浆初期各水分处理下叶位间光合指标均表现为:剑叶＞顶2叶＞顶3叶＞顶4叶,其他生育期规律不显著.与对照处理(CK)相比,武香粳14的W1、W2和W3处理的产量分别减少61.14％和29.13％、增加0.96％,水分生产率分别减少10.69％、增加1.53％和20.61％；两优培九的产量分别减少64.11％和28.76％,增加2.08％,水分生产率分别减少16.39％,增加2.46％和22.13％.研究结果为水稻精确灌溉和节水生产提供了技术支撑.【期刊名称】《生态学报》【年(卷),期】2012(032)022【总页数】8页(P7053-7060)【关键词】水稻;土壤水分;光合特性;产量;水分生产率【作者】王唯逍;刘小军;田永超;姚霞;曹卫星;朱艳【作者单位】南京农业大学/国家信息农业工程技术中心、江苏省信息农业高技术研究重点实验室,南京210095;南京农业大学/国家信息农业工程技术中心、江苏省信息农业高技术研究重点实验室,南京210095;南京农业大学/国家信息农业工程技术中心、江苏省信息农业高技术研究重点实验室,南京210095;南京农业大学/国家信息农业工程技术中心、江苏省信息农业高技术研究重点实验室,南京210095;南京农业大学/国家信息农业工程技术中心、江苏省信息农业高技术研究重点实验室,南京210095;南京农业大学/国家信息农业工程技术中心、江苏省信息农业高技术研究重点实验室,南京210095【正文语种】中文土壤水分是水稻生长的主要供水源，开展土壤水分胁迫对水稻光合特性和产量的影响研究，有助于深入了解水稻对水分逆境的抗性机理，充分挖掘水稻生产潜能，提高水分生产效率。

不同林分类型及土层对土壤养分的影响作者：王家彬徐明锋蒋谦才来源：《湖北林业科技》2017年第01期摘要：在中山五桂山保护区选择4个不同的林分类型，分别进行土壤采样，测定土壤养分指标，分析不同林分类型及土层对土壤养分的影响，为林分改造、土壤养分改良提供理论和数据支撑。

结果表明：（1）四种土壤养分指标在四种林分类型间均有显著性差异，四种林分类型的土壤养分指标含量大小排序大致为：沟谷季雨林>阔叶混>针阔混>针叶林，只有有效磷含量是阔叶混大于沟谷季雨林。

（2）四种土壤养分指标在针叶林、针阔混交林、沟谷季雨林这3种林型中的5个土层间变化均有显著性差异，而在常绿阔叶林中仅速效钾在5个土层间有显著性差异。

（3）四种林分类型中，沟谷季雨林各指标含量相对较高，处于“中下”等级，而针叶林各指标含量低，处于“很低”等级。

总的来说，四种林分类型的土壤养分含量偏低，特别是针叶林，各项土壤指标含量均为“很低”，可以参考群落演替方向对针叶林进行林分改造来提高土壤养分。

关键词：林分类型；土层；土壤养分；土壤有机质；碱解氮中图分类号：S718.51 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1004-3020（2017）01-0020-07Abstract： Four different forest types were chosen in Wuguishan reserve， Zhongshan，Guangdong and the soil samples which were taken back to the laboratory for determining the soil nutrient index were collected. Through the analysis of the influence of different forest types and different soil layers on soil nutrients， this study provided the theoretical and data support for stand conversion and soil nutrient improvement. The results show that：（1） Four kinds of soil nutrient index between the four forest types all had significarotly different， and the sequence of the soil nutrient index content between four forest types was： ravine monsoon rain forest>broadleaf mixed forest>coniferous and broadleaf mixed forest>coniferous forest， except available phosphorus which content in broadleaf mixed forest was higher than ravine monsoon rain that of forest.（2） The changes of four kinds of soil nutrient index between five soil layers were significarotly different in coniferous forest， coniferous and broadleaf mixed forest and ravine monsoon forest but not in broadleaf mixed forest which only available kalium was significarotly different.（3） All kinds of soil nutrient index content in the ravine monsoon rain forest which its soil nutrient index content was in the middle and low level were higher than other forest types， and the soil nutrient index content in the coniferous forest which soil nutrient index content was in the very low level was lowest. In general， the soil nutrient of four forest types was low， especially the coniferous forest， which all kinds of soil nutrient index content were low， so this study suggests that the soil nutrient in the coniferous forest can be improved through the stand transformation by reference to the community succession direction.Key words： forest types； soil layer； soil nutrients； soil organic matter； available nitrogen土壤是植物生存的基质，土壤养分的空间格局影响了植物个体、植物种群的生长和生物量配置，还影响了植物群落结构，包括物种组成、多样性和地上、地下生物量的分布[1， 2]。