文选问答

二○○○年上半年全国高等教育自学考试英美文学选读试卷PAR T TWOⅡ.Reading Comprehension（16 points, 4 points for each）Read the quoted parts carefully and answer the questions in English. Write your answers in the corresponding space on the answer sheet.41.Read the quotation carefully and then answer the questions:The curfew tolls the knell of parting day,The lowing herd wind slowly o'er the lea,The plowman homeward plods his weary way,And leaves the world to darkness and to me.A.Scan the first line of the stanza.B.Find the irregular foot in the second line.C.Briefly explain the significance of this irregularity.42.The following is a passage taken from a dramatic work:Had I as many souls as there be starsI'd give them all for Mephistophilis!By him I'll be great emperor of the world,And make a bridge thorough the moving airTo pass the ocean wi t h a band of men;I'll join the hills that bind the Afric shoreAnd make that country continent to Spain,And both contributory to my crown;The emperor shall not live but by my leave,Nor any potentate of Germany.Now that I have obtained what I desireI'll live in speculation of this artTill Mephistophilis return again. the playwright and the title of the work from which the passage is taken. the speaker of the passage quoted above.e the above passage as a guide and write down in one or two sentences the theme of the play.43.Read the following passage and then answer the questions:…I glanced back once. A wafer of a moon was shining over Gatsby's house, making the night fine as before, and surviving the laughter and the sound of his still glowing garden. A sudden emptiness seemed to flow now from the windows and the great doors, endowing with complete isolation the figure of the host, who stood on the porch, his hand up in a formal gesture of farewell.A.Identify the author and the ti t le of the novel from which this passage is taken.B.The passage describes the end of an event. What is it?C.What implied meaning can you get from reading this passage?44.Read the following part of a poem and then answer the questions:My tongue, every atom of my blood, form'd from this soil, this air,Born here of parents born here from parents the same, and their parents the same,I, now thirty-seven years old in perfect health begin,Hoping to cease not till death.A.Identify the poet and the title of the poem.B.What do "soil" and "air" represent in the first line?C.What does the poet try to say in the above four lines?Ⅲ.Questions and Answers （24 points, 6 points for each）Give brief answers to each of the following questions in English. Write your answers in the corresponding space on the answer sheet.45.The following quotation is the ending of a poem by Robert Browning:Nay, we'll goTogether down, sir, Notice Neptune, though,Taming a sea horse, though a rarity,Which Claus of Innsbruck cast in bronze for me.What is the title of the poem? Who is the speaker? What is the importance of the allusion "Neptune…/Taming a sea horse" in the whole poem?46.Novum Organum（"New Instrument"）, along wi t h other works, won the author the honour "Father of modern science." Who is the author? What is the main concern of the work? Why the work is so important for the development of modern science?47.Ezra Pound is one of the pioneers in modern poetry. What is the poetic school of which he is a chief member?What is Pound's representative work of many years of poetic creation? What is the title of his frequently quoted one-image poem?Pound has translated some literary works from two great ancient civilizations. One is Greece. What is the other? How do you understand his famous comment "The image itself is the speech"?48.William Faulkner, a Nobel Priza winner, has an important position in American literature. Name two of his Major novels. Do you know anything about"Yoknapatawpha County?" What is unique of Faulkner's fiction, historically and geographically?Ⅳ.Topic Discussion（20 points, 10 points for each）Write no less than 150 words on each of the following topics in English in the corresponding space on the answer sheet.49.A possible theme of James Joyce's short story "Araby" is disillusionment. Briefly discuss the symbolism Joyce employs in presenting this theme.50.What makes Mark Twain's The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn more than a child's adventure story? Briefly discuss the question from THREE of the following aspects: the setting, the language, the character （s）, the theme and the style.2001年4月英美文学选读试卷II. Reading Comprehension41. "And the native hue of resolution/Is sicklied o‟er with the pale cast of thought." (Shakespeare, Humlet)Questions:A. What does the "native hue of resolution" mean?B. What does the "pale cast of thought" stand for?C. What idea do the two lines express?Answers:A. determination (determinedness, action, activity, ...)B. consideration (indecision, inactiv ity, hesitation, ...)C. Too much thinking (consideration,...) made (makes) activ ity (action) impossible.42. "Wild Spirit, which art moving everywhere; /Destroyer and Preserver; hear, O hear!" Questions:A. Identify the poem and the poet.B. What is the "Wild Spirit"?C. What does the "Wild Spirit" destroy and preserve?Answers:A. Shelley‟s "Ode to the West Wind"B. The West Wind; "breath of Autumn‟s being"C. It destroys things/thoughts/ideas that are dead (obsolete, ...); it preserves new life (or seeds that represent new life or new birth).43. "When the minister spoke from the pulpit, with power and fervid eloquence, and, with his hands on the open bible, of the sacred truths of our religion, and of saint-like lives and triumphant deaths, and of future bliss or misery unutterable, then did Goodman Brown turn pale, dreading, lest the roof should thunder down upon the gray blasphemer and his hearers.Questions:A. Identify the title of the short story from which this part is taken.B. What had happened in the story before this church scene?C. Why was Goodman Brown afraid the roof might thunder down?Answers:A. Hawthorne‟s Young Goodman Brown.B. Brown had attended a witches‟ party where he saw many prominent people of the village, the minister included.C. Brown was shocked by the minister, secretly a member of the evil club, who could talk about sacred truths of the religion openly and unashamedly. He thought God would punish such hypocrites down on them.44. (A lot of common objects have been enumerated before, and here are the last two lines of There Was a Child Went Forth :)The horizon‟s edge, the flying sea-crow, the fragrance of salt marsh and shore mud. These became part of that child who went forth every day, and who now goes, and will always go forth every day.Questions:A. Who is the author of this poem?B. What does the "Child" stand for in the poem?C. In one or two sentences, interpret the implied meaning of the two lines.Answers:A. Walt Whitman.B. The young growing America.C. The poet uses his childhood experience of growing up and learning about the world around him to imply that young America will grow and develop like that.第二部分非选择题III. Questions and Answers45. "‟My boy!‟ said the old gentleman, leaning over the desk. Oliver started at the sound. He might be excused for doing so, for the words were kindly said, and strange sounds frighten one. He trembled violently, and burst into tears." (Charles Dickens, Oliver Twist) Explain why the boy [Oliver Twist] started first, then trembled violently and burst into tears when the words were "kindly" said.Answers:The boy started at the words because kind words were not expected; it is (was, must be) the first time in all his life that the boy [Oliver Twist] had ever been "kindly" greeted; strange sounds may predict another suffering/misfortune/torture/...) (At least one example from the text is expected to back up the above statement)46. Here is the last stanza of Byron‟s "The Isles of Greece":Place me on sunium‟s mardle steep,Where nothing, save the waves and I,There, swan-like, let me sing and die:May hear our marbled murmurs sweep;A land of slaves shall ne‟er b e mine ---Dash down you cup of Samian wine!Determine the speaker first and then discuss BRIEFLY the main idea of the stanza or of the whole excerpt. You may want to consider the possible implications of the last two lines. Answers:A. The speaker is a Greek singer (or Byron in a Greek Singer‟s disguise or Byron speaks through a Greek singer).B. The excerpt presents a strong resentment for the Turk‟s conquest of Greece and calls on the Greek people to rise and fight for freedom.C. Thus, the last line may suggest resolution to take immediate action to free Greece from enslavement.47. Why are naturalists inevitably pessimistic in their view?Please discuss the above question in relation to the basic principles of literary naturalism. Answers:A. They accept the negative implication of Darwin‟s theory of evolution, and believe that society is a "jungle" where survival struggles go on.B. They believe that man‟s instinct, the environment and other social and economic forces play an overwhelming role and man‟s fate is "determined" by such forces beyond his control.48. "Even then he stood there, hidden wholly in that kindness which is night, while the uprising fumes filled the room. When the odor reached his nostrils, he quit his attitude and fumbled for the bed.‟What‟s the use?‟ he said, weakly, as he stretched himself to rest."They above is quoted from Thoedore Dreiser‟s Sister Carrie. Briefly tell the situation that leads to the suicide and interpret Hurstwood‟s final words -"What‟s the us e?" Answers:A. Sister Carrie has made a great success. As her fame arises, she deserts her former lover Hurstwood. In a cold winter, Hurstwood makes a last attempt to seek help from Carrie, but has failed, so I desperation, he decides to kill himself by turning on the gas.B. By making that comment, Hurstwood seems to have realized that it is useless to continue to fight against fate. His fate is not controlled by his own efforts but by some social forces too strong for him to resist, so he decides to give up.IV. Topic Discussion49. Daniel Defoe‟s novel Robinson Crusoe was a great success partly because the protagonist was a real middle-class hero. Discuss Crusoe, the protagonist of the novel, as an embodiment of the rising middle class virtues in the mid-eighteenth century England. Answers:A. Social background: The Eighteenth Century England witnessed the growing importance of the bourgeois or middle class.a. The Industrial Revolutionb. The expansion of international markets;c. Values/virtues/moral standards/...different from those of the feudal aristocratic class -courageous, full of energy, hard working, practical, resourceful, self-reliant, etc; thusd. Literature should give/provide a realistic presentation of the life of the common people; it should meet the demand/interest of the middle class people.B. Robinson Crusoe embodies the virtue of the middle class people.a. Crusoe as an adventurous/courageous man full of energy and courage: (example from the text):b. Crusoe as a practical man: (example from the text);c. Crusoe as a resourceful/self-reliant man: (example from the text);d. Crusoe as a patient/persistent man: (example from the text);e. And others.50. Mark Twain presented the 19th century America in his own unique way. Discuss Twain‟s art of fiction: the setting, the language, and the characters, etc., based on his novel The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn.Answers:A. Mark Twain uses the Mississippi alley as his fictional kingdom, writing about the landscape and people, the customs and the dialects of one particular region, and is therefore known as a local colorist.B. He creates life-like characters, especially the unconventional Huckleberry Finn, who runs away from civilization and stands opposite to conventional village morality.C. He uses a simple, direct vernacular language, totally different from any precious literary language. It is the kind of colloquial belonging to the lower class, the liv ing local American English.D. He has created a special humor to satirize and the decayed convention.2002年4月份全国高等教育自学考试英美文学选读试题课程代码：00604PAR T TWOⅡ.Reading Comprehension (16 points, 4 for each)Read the quoted parts carefully and answer the questions in English.Write your answer in the corresponding space on the answer sheet.41.“Her eyes met his and h e looked away.He neither believed nor disbelieved her,but he knew that he had made a mistake in asking;he never had known,never would know,what she was thinking.The sight of her inscrutable face,the thought of all the hundreds of evenings he had seen her sitting there like that,soft and passive,but so unreadable, unknown, enraged him beyond measure.”Questions:A.Identify the writer and the work.B.What does the phrase “inscrutable face” mean?C.What idea does the quoted passage express?42.“And when I am formulated,sprawling on a pin,When I am pinned and wriggling on the wall.Then how should beginTo spit out all the butt-ends of my days and ways.”Questions:A.Identify the poem and the poet.B.What does the phrase “butt-ends” mean?C.What idea does the quoted passage express?43.“God knows,…I'm not myself—I'm somebody else—…and I'm changed,and I can't tell what's my name,or who I am.”Questions:A.Identify the work and the author.B.The speaker says he is changed.Do you think he is changed, or the social environment has changed?C.What idea does the quoted sentence express?44.“I shall be telling this with a sighSomewhere ages and ages hence:Two roads diverged in a wood, and I—I took the one less traveled by,And that has made all the difference.”Questions:A.Idenfity the poem and the poet.B.What does the phrase “ages and ages hence” mean?C.What idea does the quoted passage express?Ⅲ.Questions and Answers(24 points in all, 6 for each)Give brief answers to each of the following questions in English.Write your answers in the corresponding space on the answer sheet.45.As a rule,an allegory is story in verse or prose with a double me aning: a surface meaning,and an implied meaning.List two works as examples of allegory.What is an allegory usually concerned with by its implied meaning?46.Inspiration for the romantic approach initially came from two great shapers of thought.Who are the two?And what ideas they expressed inspire the romantic writers?47.The white whale,Moby Dick,is the most important symbol in Melville's novel.What symbolic meaning can you draw from i t?48.Nature is a philosophic work, in which Emerson gives an explicit discussion on his idea of the Qversoul.What is your understanding of Emersonian “Oversoul”?Ⅳ.Topic Discussion(20 points in all, 10 for each)Write no less than 150 words on each of the following topics in English in the corresponding space on the answer sheet.49.How is Romanticism different from Neoclassicism?Provide brief evidence from the literary works you know best.50.Summerize the story of Mark twain's The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn in about 100 words,and comment on the theme of the novel.浙江省2002年7月高等教育自学考试英美文学选读试题课程代码：00604Ⅰ.Find the items in the right column which fit the left column the best and write the letters on the answer sheet.(10%)1.Because I could not stop for Death A.William Wordsworth2.local colorist B.sentimentalists3.international theme C.Ezra Pound4.Graveyard School D.Mark Twain5.worshipper of nature E.William Faulkner6.A Rose for Emily F.Henry James7.Charles Lamb G.Emily Dickinson8.The Sketch Book H.essayist9.Imagist I.William Blake10.Songs of Innocence J.Washington IrvingⅡ.Complete each of the following statements with a proper word or a phrase according to the textbook.Then write your answer on theAnswer Sheet.(20%)1.____was the first American writer toconceive his career in international terms.2.In the plays of Shakesp eare‟s last period,there is a prevalent ____ teaching of atonement.3.John Bunyan wrote his ____ during his second term in prison.4.____‟s essays is the frist example of that genre in English Literature,which has been recognized as an important landmark in the development of English prose.5.Henry adopted ____,in which the author becomes the “all-knowing God.”6.____is regarded as the first American prose epic.7.This particular concern about the local character of aregion came about as “____,”a unique var iation of American literary realism.8.Human sexuality was,to Lawrence,a symbol of ____.9.The characters in Charles‟ works are impressive not only because they are true to life,but also because they are often ____.10.As a leading Romanticist,Byron‟s chief contribution is his creation of the “____,” a proud,mysterious rebel figure of noble origin.Ⅲ.Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers.Choose the one that would best complete the statement and write you answer on the Answer Sheet.(10%)1.Shakespeare‟s ____ are mainly written under the principle that national unity unde r a mighty and just sovereign is a necessity.A.history playsB.tragediesediesD.plays2.Wordsworth thought that ____ is the only subject of literary interest.A.nationB.past experiencemon lifeD.nature3.____ is the first important English essayist and the founder of modern science in England.A.Francis BaconB.Edmund SpenserC.William CarxtonD.Sidney4.Which of the below is NOT written by James Joyce?A.DublinersB.A Portrait of the Artist as a Young ManC.UlyssesD.Leather-Stocking Tales5.____is regarded as the first American prose epic.A.WastelandB.Moby-DickC.Song of MyselfD.The Scarlet Letter6.____has always been regarded as a writer who “perfected the best classic style that American Literature ever produced.”A.Washington IrvingB.EmersonC.HawthorneD.Joyce7.Which is not the main concern of Emily Dickinson‟ poetry?A.her own experienceB.natureC.loveD.industrialization8.The Catcher in the Rye is regarded as a ____.A.Jewish‟s classicB.black‟s classicC.student‟s classicD.student‟s herald9.Fitzgerald never spared an intimate touch in his fiction to deal with ____ of the American Dream.A.the bankruptcyB.the successC.the fulfillmentD.the forming10.____ is Hemingway‟s first true novel.A.In Our TimeB.For Whom the Bell TollsC.The Sun Also RisesD.The Old Man and the SeaⅣ.For each of the questions listed below please give the name of the author and the title of the literary work.Then write your answer on the Answer Sheet.(20%)1.“For oft,when on my couch I lieIn vacant or in pensive mood,They flash upon that inward eyeWhich is the bliss of solitude;And then my heart with pleasure fills,And dances with the daffodils.”2.“It is a truth universally acknowledged,that a single man in possession of a good fortune,must be in want of a wife.However little known the feelings or views of such a man may be on hisfirst entering a neighborhood,this truth is so well fixed in the minds of the surrounding families,that he is considered as the rightful property of some one or other of their daughters.”3.“Do you think I can stay to be come nothing to you?Doyou think I am an automaton?-a machine without feelings?And can bear to have my morsel of bread snatched from my lips,and my drop of living water dashed from my cup?Do you think,because I am poor,obscure,plain,and little,I am soulless and heartless?-You think wrong!”4.“…Oh sir,she smiled,no doubt,Whene‟er I passed her;but who passed withoutMuch the same smile?This grew,I gave commandsThen all smiles stopped together.”5.“But she began to spare her hands.They,too,were work-gnarled now,the skin was shiny with so much hot water, the knuckles rather swollen.But she began to be careful to keep them out of soda.She regretted what they had been-so samll and exquisite.”Ⅴ.Give brief answers to the following questions.Write your answer on the Answer Sheet.(20%)1.What are the major themes of modernist literature?2.What‟s the theme of The Waste Land?3.How do you philosophically define Transcendentalism?4.What‟s the style of Emerson‟s essays?Ⅵ.Short Essay Questions:Write the answer on the Answer Sheet. (20%)1.List the main qualities of Edmund Spenser‟s Poetry.2.Give a brief discussion of Whi t man‟s style and language.2003年4月英美文学选读试卷PAR T TWOⅡ.Reading Comprehension (16 points in all, 4 for each)Read the quoted parts carefully and answer the questions in English. Write your answers in the corresponding space on the answer sheet.41. “The boast of heraldry, the pomp of power,And all that beauty, all that wealth e‟er gave.Awaits the inevitable hour.The paths of glory lead but to the grave.”Questions:A. Identify the author and the title of the poem from which this passage is taken.B. What does the phrase “inevitable hour” mean?C. Write out the main idea of the passage in plain English.42. “A violet by a mossy stoneHalf hidden from the eye!－Fair as a star, when only oneIs shining in the sky.”Questions:A. Identify the author and the title of the poem from which this stanza is taken.B. Pick out the metaphor used in this stanza.C. What quality does the author intend to show by using the metaphor?43. “We passed The School, where Children stroveAt Recess－in the Ring－We passed The Fields of Gazing GrainWe passed The Setting Sun－”Questions:A. Who is the author of this stanza taken from the poem “Because I cou ld not stop for Death－B. ?C. What do the underlined parts symbolize?D. Where were “we” heading toward?44. “It was you that broke the new wood.Now is a time for carving.We have one sap and one root－Let there be commerce between us.”Questions:A. Whom does the “us” refer to?B. What does the phrase “broke the new wood” mean here?C. What is the intention of the poet in writing the poem “A Pact” from which these lines are taken?Ⅲ.Questions and Answers (24 points in all, 6 for each)Give brief answers to each of the following questions in English. Write your answers in the corresponding space on the answer sheet.45.In Chapter 15 of Wuthering Heights, Heath cliff said to Catherine: “Why did you betray your own, Cathy?... You loved me－then what right have you to leave me?... I have not broken your heart－you have broken it－and in breaking it, you have broken mine.”Taking the whole novel into consideration, do you think Heathcliff‟s above accusation of Catherine‟s betrayal can be justified? If you think so, what reasons does Catherine have to betray Heathcliff and their love?46.John Bunyan‟s The Pilgrim‟s Progress is generally regarded as a religious allegory. What does the work symbolically concern? What is the predominant metaphor that is carried on through the whole work? And what is the author‟s purpose in writing such a book?47. The following passage is taken from The Merchant of Venice. R ead i t carefully and find the dramatic it contains. Use i t as an example to illustrate what dramatic irony is.“Bassanio: Antonio, I am married to a wifeWhich is as dear to me as life itself;But life itself, my wife, and all world,Are not wi t h me esteem‟d above thy life;I would lose all, ay, sacrifice them allHere to this devil, to deliver you.Portia: Your wife would give you little thanks for that,If she were by to hear you make the offer.”48. What is the most famous theme in Henry James′s fiction? And what is his favourite approach in characterization, which makes him different from Mark and W. D. Howells as realists? Give two titles of his works in which this theme and this approach are employed.Ⅳ.Topic Discussion (20 points in all, 10 for each)Write no less than 150 words on each of the following topics in English in the corresponding space on the answer sheet.49.In Pride and Prejudice, Jane Austen explored three kinds of motivations of marriage the middle-class people had in the second half of the 18th century. Try to make a brief discussion about them wi t h specific examples from the novel. Make comments on Austen‟s atti t ude towards these motivations.50.Retell in a few sentences the story of the last chapter (Ch, 135) “The Chase－Third Day” of Melville‟s novel Moby-Dick. Discuss the meaning of the ending of the story.浙江省2003年7月高等教育自学考试英美文学选读试题课程代码：00604Ⅰ.Find the items in the right column which fi t the left column the best and write your letters on the Answer Sheet.(10%)1.Chaucer A. Mary Ann Evans2.Hamlet B. The father of English poetry3.Coleridge C. Jane Austen4.The Waste Land D. T.S.Eliot5.Theodore Dreiser E. John Milton6.Carl Jung F. Collective Unconscious7.self-reliance G. An American Tragedy8.Greorge Eliot H. blood and thunder thrille9.Pride and Prejudice I. Ralph Waldo Emerson10.Paradise Lost J Lake PoetⅡ.Complete each of the following statements with a proper word or a phrase according to the textbook.(20%)1.In the field of literature, the Enlightenment Movement brought about a revival of interest in the old classical works. This tendency is known as .2.Swift is one of the greatest masters of English prose. He is almost unsurpassed in the writing of simple, direct, precise prose. He defined a good style as “_______.”3.Wordsworth is regarded as a “_______.”He can penetrate to the heart of things and giv e the reader the very life of nature.4._______ is the most distinguishing feature of Charles Dickens‟ works.5.In his long dramatic career, Shaw wrote more than _______ plays.6.James Joyce is regarded as the most prominent _______ novelist, concentrating on the revealing in his novels the psychic being of the characters.7.Galsworthy is essentially a bourgeois liberal, a_______.8.Structurally and thematically, Shaw followed the great tradition of _____.9.Most of Faulkner‟s works are about people from a small region in _______, Yoknapatawpha County.10.In Our Times is the first book to present a Hemingway hero—_______.Ⅲ.Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that would best complete the statement and wri te you answer on the Answer Sheet.(10%)1._______ is regarded as “worshipper of nature.”A. ColeridgeB. WordsworthC. T.S.EliotD. Robert Browning2.Marlowe‟s play Dr.Faustus is based on _______ of a magician aspiring for knowledge and finally meeting his tragic end as a result of selling his soul to the devil.A. the ScandinavianB. the GermanC. the ancient EnglishD. the French3.Who defined a good style as “proper words in proper places?”A. Jonathan SwiftB. Charles DickensC. Edmund SpencerD. George Bernard Shaw4._______ is central to Blake‟s concern in the Sogns of Innocence andSongs of Experience?A. innocence and experienceB. the poorC. societyD. childhood5.As a novelist _______ wrote within a very narrow sphere, the provincial life of the late 1818-century England.A. Jonathan SwiftB. Jane AustenC. Thomas HardyD. Henry Fielding6.“Trust thyself,” Emerson wrote in his_______.。

英美文选Ex. 1Unit 1 Geoffrey Chaucer1. The Canterbury Tales was written in ________.A. Old EnglishB. Middle EnglishC. Modern EnglishD. Current Modern English2. Pilgrims travel to the shrine of St. Thomas Becket at Canterbury in ________.A. MarchB. AprilC. MayD. June3. ______ pilgrims plus Chaucer are assembled at the Tabard Inn in the southern part of London.A. 25B. 27C. 29D. 314. Chaucer was a master of the heroic couplet which consists of two rhyming lines in iambic pentameter. Iambic pentameter meansA. the line has 6 feet, and an unstressed syllable is followed by a stressed syllable.B. the line has 6 feet, and a stressed syllable is followed by an unstressed syllable.C. the line has 5 feet, and an unstressed syllable is followed by a stressed syllable.D. the line has 5 feet, and a stressed syllable is followed by an unstressed syllable.5 The Canterbury Tales contains in fact a general Prologue andonly ______ tales, of which two are left unfinished.6 The _____________ provides a framework for the tales in the Canterbury Tales, and it comprises a group of vivid pictures of various medieval figures.7 The Canterbury Tales is Chaucer’s greatest work and the greater part of it was written in ________ couplets.Ex. 2Unit 2 William Shakespeare1. Shakespeare’s four great tragedies are _________A. Anthony and Cleopatra, Coriolanus, King Lear, Timon of AthensB. Twelfth Night, Cynbeline, The Winter’s Tale, and The TempestC. Hamlet, Othello, King John, and MacbethD. Hamlet, Othello, King Lear, and Macbeth2. The story of Hamlet takes place in ________.A. EnglandB. DenmarkC. ItalyD. Germany3. Romeo and Juliet belongs to Shakespeare’s ________.A. romantic tragedyB. comedyC. tragedyD. historical plays4. A sonnet is a poem of ________ lines, usually in iambic pentameter, with rhymes arranged according to a certain definite patterns.A. 8B. 6C. 14D. 245．The Renaissance is actually a movement stimulated by a series of historical events EXCEPT_________.A．the rediscovery of ancient Roman and Greek cultureB．the vast expansion of British colonies in North AmericaC．the new discoveries in geography and astrologyD．the religious reformation and the economic expansion II．Reading ComprehensionRead the quoted parts carefully and answer the questions in English.1. “So long as men can breathe, or eyes can see,So long lives this, and this gives life to thee. ”A. Identify the author and the title of the poem from which the two lines are taken.’B. What are the features of this poetic form?C. What does “this” refer to? What do these two lines mean?2. “Shall I compare thee to a summer’s day?Thou art more lovely and more temperate:Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May,And summer’s lease hath all too short a date:”A. Who does “thou” refer to?B. What do the last two lines here tell us?3. “To die, to sleep;T o sleep, perchance to dream. Ay, there’s the rub,For in that sleep of death what dreams my come,When we have shuffled off this mortal coil,Must give us pause.”A. Identify the author and the title of the play from which the passage is taken.B. What is the theatrical form of this passage?C. What does this part tell us?4. “And thus the native hue of resolutionIs sicklied o’er with the pale cast of thought,”A. What is “the native hue of resolution”?B. What is “the pale cast of thought”?C. What do these two lines mean?5. Make a comment on Shakespeare as a humanist.6. Hamlet is one of the most successful characters created by Shakespeare. He is also the most complicated. Give an analysis of Hamlet.Ex. 3Unit 3 Francis Bacon1. Francis Bacon was ________ contemporaryA. Geoffrey Chaucer’sB. Thomas More’sC. William Shakespeare’sD. John Milton’s2. The following works belong to the type of literature in which an ideal society is depicted except _____.A. UtopiaB. The New AtlantisC. ErewhonD. Treasure Island3. In Novum Organum (New Instrument), Bacon discussed the method of ________.A. deductionB. inductionC. analogyD. reading4. According to Bacon, if one is unable to discuss matters thoroughly, he should study ________.A. historyB. rhetoricC. natural philosophyD. the lawyer’s cases5. “Some books are to be tasted, others to be swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested;”A. Identify the author and the title of the article from which the sentence is taken.B. What does this part tell us?6. “Histories makes men wise; poets; witty;…”A. Identify the author and the title of the article from which the sentence is taken.B. What does this part tell us?7. “Of Studies” is the most popular of Francis Bacon’s 58 essays. Summarize its main idea.（再加上书上第三单元培根课后两个问答题）请预习第四单元，文化背景和历史背景以上作业分三次写请这段时间各小组的同学请排演下戏剧！。

大学文选试题及答案一、单选题（每题2分，共20分）1. 下列哪部作品是鲁迅先生的代表作？A.《呐喊》B.《子夜》C.《家》D.《边城》答案：A2. “文以载道”这一文学观念最早由谁提出？A. 孔子B. 孟子C. 老子D. 庄子答案：B3. 以下哪位作家被誉为“现代小说之父”？A. 巴尔扎克B. 雨果C. 狄更斯D. 马克·吐温答案：C4. “诗中有画，画中有诗”是哪位诗人的创作特点？A. 李白B. 杜甫C. 王维D. 白居易答案：C5. 下列作品中，哪一部是法国作家雨果的作品？A.《悲惨世界》B.《战争与和平》C.《安娜·卡列尼娜》D.《巴黎圣母院》答案：A6. “红楼一梦”指的是哪部中国古典小说？A.《红楼梦》B.《西游记》C.《水浒传》D.《三国演义》答案：A7. “文起八代之衰”是形容哪位文人的文学成就？A. 苏轼B. 欧阳修C. 韩愈D. 柳宗元答案：C8. 以下哪位诗人被誉为“诗仙”？A. 李白B. 杜甫C. 王维D. 李清照答案：A9. “文房四宝”指的是哪四种物品？A. 笔、墨、纸、砚B. 琴、棋、书、画C. 书、画、诗、酒D. 琴、棋、书、砚答案：A10. 下列哪部作品是莎士比亚的四大悲剧之一？A.《罗密欧与朱丽叶》B.《哈姆雷特》C.《仲夏夜之梦》D.《威尼斯商人》答案：B二、多选题（每题3分，共15分）1. 以下哪些作品是茅盾的代表作？A.《子夜》B.《春蚕》C.《林家铺子》D.《家》E.《春》答案：A B C2. 以下哪些诗人属于“初唐四杰”？A. 王勃B. 杨炯C. 卢照邻D. 骆宾王E. 李白答案：A B C D3. 以下哪些作品是老舍的代表作？A.《骆驼祥子》B.《四世同堂》C.《茶馆》D.《边城》E.《家》答案：A B C4. 以下哪些作品是巴尔扎克的代表作？A.《欧也妮·葛朗台》B.《高老头》C.《幻灭》D.《悲惨世界》E.《巴黎圣母院》答案：A B C5. 以下哪些作品是鲁迅的代表作？A.《呐喊》B.《彷徨》C.《故事新编》D.《朝花夕拾》E.《狂人日记》答案：A B C D E三、填空题（每题2分，共20分）1. 《红楼梦》的作者是______。

大学生实用写作 wen问答大学生实用写作 wen 问答你好!很高兴回答您提出的关于实用文写作方面的问题。

这是我的百度用户名，有什么不明白可随时咨询。

最近一段时间里，大学生实用写作文教育备受人们的热议和探讨。

一些专家、老师也纷纷撰文来谈论这个话题，他们都指出了当前大学生实用文写作存在着严重的弊端，比如“应试”倾向过强，内容空洞，缺乏真情实感等。

那么，究竟该怎样才能解决这些问题呢?我认为，首先必须加强对大学生实用文写作教育工作者的培训力度，努力改变其观念，并从多角度去寻求解决办法。

同时还需建立健全相关规章制度，以保证大学生实用文写作教育工作的顺利开展。

就目前而言，要想彻底地根除这种现象是非常困难的，但只要我们把握住一点：实用文与“应试”绝缘，这样或许会取得事半功倍之效果。

具体说来，就是让大学生们意识到：自己写的东西虽然没有考试中心命题作文那么完美，但它却更贴近社会、更贴近实际、更接近生活;实用文是表达思想、传递信息的工具，它本身就不需要太华丽的辞藻;实用文所追求的是实用性和针对性，因此它既不需要创新又不需要模仿，更不允许标新立异。

所谓“天下文章一大抄，看你会抄不会抄”，我们坚决反对照搬照套别人的东西，我们鼓励有创造性的发挥，提倡独立思考。

再次，应尽量减少机械记忆式的课堂教学，充分调动起学生们的积极性，让他们乐于参与到实用文写作教学活动中来。

我们经常听到有人抱怨说：“我已经读了十年书，我再也不愿上语文课了!”诚然，传统的讲授式教学确实给学生们带来了诸多的负面影响，但它毕竟仍然是我国当前教学的主流形式，因此我们无法彻底摒弃。

另外，由于各校、各班级的学习环境、学习条件等客观条件不同，因此在实用文写作教学中采取的措施也不尽相同。

总之，在教学实践中我们要遵循“因材施教”的原则，将“填鸭式”灌输转化成启发引导式的互动交流，这样才能激发起学生们的兴趣和潜能，进而逐步消除厌倦、排斥的情绪，增强学习实用文写作的主动性和积极性。

秦汉部分1.《谏逐客书》的艺术特色(1)是善于用比喻。

从而增强了议论的形象性和说服力。

最突出的例子是用秦王取物的态度为喻，来说明秦王对取人应该抱的态度，和不应该抱的态度。

如文中写到：“夫击瓮叩缶……适观而矣已”这形象地说明了秦王想得意于天下，在取人方面也应该弃退秦国那些平庸之辈，而取用异国的贤能之德。

此外，用“泰山不让土壤……故能就其深”为喻来说明“王者不却众庶，故能明其德”的道理;用“藉寇兵而赍盗粮为喻来说明逐客是”资敌国“、”益仇“的愚蠢行为，也都很形象，具有很强的说服力。

(2)是气势奔放，文采斐然。

这与作者多用铺陈、夸饰手法和排比、对偶句子以及多选用华美辞藻有密切关系。

如文中写秦国历史上“四君”因客功而成事的情况，手法铺张，多用排比，对偶句显得文势充畅，并有音节之美。

其中写惠王用张仪之计而在军事外交上取得了成功，就用了“拨、并、收、取、包、制、据、割、散、使、施”等动词，可见辞藻的丰富。

文中写秦王为满足生活享受而取用天下了珍物一段，不仅手法铺张，句式多用排偶，文气充畅，而言调谐美，而且充满了色乐珠玉等方面的华美辞藻，极富于文采。

清李兆洛《骈体文钞》选录此篇为“骈体初祖”，指出了本篇对后世骈文写作的深远影响。

2.《过秦论》的写作特点?(1) 文章的主题十分明确，就是论述秦“过”，而一切选材与论证都是围绕这一中心，提出“仁义不施，攻守之势异也”的结论。

(2)文章的在论证方法上，主要采用了陈述史实与议论分析相结合的方法，从史实的分析中揭示其论点与结论。

善于对比：秦与六国力量的对比，秦朝势力的威赫与陈胜义军力量的小弱对比等，都使文章论点的得出，显得自然而然。

(3)文章采用了比喻、夸张、铺排、渲染等文学表现手法，增强了文章的形象性和说服力，也造成了一种雄健奔放、汹涌澎湃的雄辩气势，特别能激动人心。

(4)文章的结构是按历史进程的顺序而展开的，清晰而谨严。

句式灵活而多变，奔放而流畅。

语言酣畅淋漓，纵横驰骋，雄辩滔滔，颇有战国纵横家的遗风。

（精选）中国文学常识问答100题一.简答题(共100题，共500分)1.现代诗歌史上“新月派”的代表人物是哪几位？2.鲁迅的小说集、散文集和散文诗集分别是哪些作品？3.什么是元代散曲中的小令和套数？4.《都江堰》是一篇游记散文，选自余秋雨的哪本散文集？5.中国现代文学史上最早以“问题小说”而闻名的女作家是哪一位？6.《战国策》这部历史著作采用的是什么体例？7.被誉为“诗坛祭酒”、“文学重镇”的余光中的代表诗作是哪一首？8.《郑伯克段于鄢》一文中，“多行不义必自毙”一语所指斥的对象是谁？9.“志人”小说《世说新语》属于什么体的小说，作者是谁？10.阅读和鉴赏小说，应该把握哪几个要素？11.“永明体”具有怎样的特色,是谁创造的？12.《写在人生边上》是哪位作家的散文集？13.中国戏曲主要的表现手段是什么？14.我国最早大量创作田园诗的诗人是谁？15.先秦时期的历史著作主要有哪几部？16.“汉赋四大家”是哪四位？17.明代的“四大传奇”是指那些作品？18.胡适的主要著作有哪些？19.诗仙” 和“诗圣” 各是哪位诗人，他们的诗歌各具什么特色？20.“元曲四大家”是指哪四位，他们各自的代表作是什么？21.我国第一部叙事详细的编年体史书是哪一部？22.舒婷的主要诗集有哪些？23.“南洪北孔”是指哪两位戏剧家，他们的代表作是什么？24.《漱玉词》是谁的词集？25.词史上第一个以诗为词，开拓词境的词人是哪一位？26.屈原在学习民歌的基础上，创造了哪种新的诗歌样式？27.魏晋南北朝时期具有划时代意义的文学理论批评专著有哪几部？28.“花间派”词人的词作被编入哪部作品中？29.收录了从汉代到隋唐的全部乐府作品的诗集是哪部作品,编者是谁?30.《京华烟云》、《吾国与吾民》和《生活的艺术》这三本书的作者是谁？31.1998年余华获得意大利格林扎纳卡佛文学奖的小说是哪一部？32.钱钟书的《写在人生的边上》、《人·兽·鬼》、《围城》分别是什么体裁的作品？33.明代小品文集大成的作家是哪一位？34.鲁迅写的《野草》和《朝花夕拾》分别属于什么文学体裁？35.“初唐四杰”是指哪四位？36.李颀的《古从军行》属于什么内容的诗？37.提出抗金建议的《美芹十论》和《九议》是谁写的奏疏？38.“魏晋风度”的主要载体是什么？39.我国现存最早的一部综合性的图书分类目录是哪部作品，作者是谁？40.巴金的长篇小说《爱情三部曲》和《激流三部曲》各是哪些作品？41.《汉书》、《左传》、《论语》和《国语》，哪个属于语录体散文集？42.在现存唐诗中，哪三位诗人创作存量最高？43.鲁迅作品集中属于历史小说集的是哪一部？44.贯穿冰心全部文学创作的主题是什么？45.林语堂公开倡导“不谈政治”，自称“言志派”，成为哪一派的主要代表？46.唐代“边塞诗派”以哪些诗人为代表？47.宋词分为哪两大流派，各派的代表人物是谁？48.郁达夫写的自传体小说叫什么名字？49.词兴起于何时，极盛于何时，是从哪里发展而来的？50.第一个大量创制慢词长调的词人是哪一位？51.巴金先生在新时期出版的被誉为“讲真话的书”的散文集是哪一部？52.中国文学史上的第一篇白话小说是谁写的，小说的名字是什么？53.秦代李斯的代表作品是哪篇？54.元代的哪部作品被誉为“杂剧之冠”，作者是谁？55.清末四大谴责小说是哪四部作品，各自的作者是谁？56.建安文人的作品具有什么特色？57.巴金的《激流三部曲》是由哪三部作品组成的？58.汤显祖的“临川四梦”包括哪些作品？59.《倾城之恋》、《金锁记》、《传奇》是哪位作家的作品？60.广义的“诗歌”包括哪些形式？61.“小散文”的基本特征是什么？62.李商隐的《隋宫》属于什么诗体？63.屈原的主要作品有哪些？64.清代文学成就最高的是哪种体裁，代表作品有哪些？65.什么是“古文运动”？66.长篇小说《子夜》的作者是谁？67.什么是章回小说？68.被称为“诗鬼”的唐代诗人是哪一位？69.抒情长诗《放声歌唱》和《雷锋之歌》的作者是谁？70.有“雨巷诗人”之称的“现代派”诗人是哪一位？71.1917年，陈独秀在哪本杂志上发表了《文学革命论》一文，举起文学革命的大旗？72.“元白”是指中唐时期的哪两位诗人？73.1918年，鲁迅在什么杂志上发表了我国现代文学史上的第一篇白话小说《狂人日记》。

《英语科技文选》自考题及答案解析一、单选题（共30题，共60分）1.Why do you blame him for his poor judgment on the matter ______ he really needs is encouragement?A.when thatB.since thatC.when whatD.now thatABCD正确答案：C本题解析：译文：当他真正需要鼓励时，你为什么责备他的拙劣判断。

此题考查准确判断句子结构。

when 引导时间状语从句，what he really needs充当这个时间状语从句的主语。

2.The outline of rooftops and chimneys ________ against the pale sky.A.pulled outB.looked outC.held outD.stood outABCD正确答案：D本题解析：A 离开B 注意、留神C 提供D 显眼、突出3.Although Tom is satisfied with his academic achievement，he wonders _______ will happen to his family life .A.itB.thatC.whatD.thisABCD正确答案：C本题解析：what 引导宾语从句，并在从句中作主语。

句意：尽管汤姆对自己的学术成就很满意，但是他想知道他的家庭生活将会如何?4.During the past two decades, research has ________ our knowledge of daydreaming.A. expandedB.emergedC.descendedD.conqueredABCD正确答案：A本题解析：A 扩大B 浮现、露出C 下降D 征服5.He was specifically asked to write a play that would be ________ to the local community.A.flexibleB.accessibleC.responsibleD.capableABCD正确答案：B本题解析：A .灵活的，柔韧的B 容易理解的，好懂的C 负责任的D 有能力的6.The students are required to ________ the main ideas of the article in their own words.A.symbolizeB.minimizeC.synchronizeD.summarizeABCD正确答案：D本题解析：A 象征B 最小C 同步D 概括7.The government finally ________ all the documents relating to the war.A.releasedB.specializedC.realizedD.supposedABCD正确答案：A本题解析：A . “公开发表、公布或发布(新闻) ”B 专门从事、专攻C 意识到、领悟D 假定、猜想8._______, could you get me a Turkish conversation book?A. In this wayB.By the wayC.In no wayD.In any wayABCD正确答案：B本题解析：in this way 以这种方法by the way 顺便说in no way 决不，无论如何都不in any way 无论如何9.The professor worked for 7 hours at a ________.A.stretchB.extendC.expandD.prolongABCD正确答案：A本题解析：此题考查的是固定词组搭配。

文选选集选读-回复题目：[文选选集选读]—解读中括号内的内容引言：在我们的日常阅读中，我们常常会遇到一些文选、选集、选读等类型的书籍。

随着时间的推移，这些书籍成为了我们学习、思考、娱乐的重要途径。

然而，在这些书籍中，我们经常会看到一些中括号内的内容，这是为什么呢？本文将逐步解答这个问题，让我们一起来揭开[文选选集选读]的奥秘。

第一部分：文选的概念与应用1.1 什么是文选？文选指的是从众多的文本中，精心挑选出最具代表性的文章，然后进行整理、编排和发布的过程。

这些被选中的文章通常具有一定的主题、艺术性和学术性，能够代表一定的时代背景和思想观点。

1.2 文选的作用是什么？文选作为一种特殊的书籍形式，旨在向读者呈现出一种独特的阅读体验。

它可以帮助读者汲取各种观点和知识，培养阅读能力和品味，同时也可以使读者更好地理解和感受作者的创作意图。

第二部分：选集的定义与特点2.1 选集的概念是什么？选集是指在一定的范围内，从多个作者或不同时间段的作品中选择并整理出来的一本书籍。

这些选出的作品可能是诗歌、散文、小说等不同形式的文学作品。

2.2 选集的特点是什么？- 多样性：选集的作品来源广泛，涵盖多个作家或时期的作品，具有多样性的风格和主题。

- 分析性：选集往往具有一定的学术性，编辑会在书中引导读者分析和思考，对作品进行解读和评价。

- 艺术性：选集的编排通常考虑到作品之间的呼应、对比和衔接，以达到整体艺术效果的追求。

第三部分：选读的意义与方法3.1 选读的定义是什么？选读指的是在一本书籍中，根据自身需求和兴趣选择性地阅读部分内容。

这种方式可以大大提高阅读效率，使读者能够更加精准地获取所需信息。

3.2 选读的方法有哪些？- 首先，需明确自己的阅读目标，确定需要阅读的主题、领域或作品类型。

- 其次，利用目录和索引等工具，快速定位到自己感兴趣的内容。

- 最后，结合个人时间和精力的限制，合理安排阅读顺序，有选择地深入研读关键内容，可以跳过不感兴趣或无需重点关注的章节。

文选讲读模拟试题及参考答案(二)一．《选》学知识问答：1）举三例表明《文选》在唐代的重要性。

答：在北宋以前的中国社会，《文选》是“文章宝典”。

它在古人心目中的地位，仅次于“五经”。

这与科举考试的内容相关。

从某种意义上说，掌握《文选》某种程度上即是拿到进入上流社会的钥匙。

科举中的“帖经”、“赋才”，表现了读好《文选》的重要性。

①《文选》是唐代举子们的主要教材，唐代大都是“自考”，举子们熟于《文选》文章体例，然后简炼揣摹，穿穴古典，化旧为新，然后通过“温卷”的形式，向主考官和著名诗人请教，在社会上形成好的口碑。

在唐代文献中甚少师生关系，《文选》是读书人最好的老师。

作为自学材料，举子通过“模仿”各体文章，久之自成格局。

②从先秦到南北朝隋唐，在中国文化系统中，经部的地位下降，集部的地位大大上升，是一个重要现象。

集部上升有四个标志，一是曹丕的《典论·论文》中重文的“宣言”；二是范晔在史书中首立《文苑传》，标志着文学写作与功名事业平起平坐；三是科举以诗赋取士，“为社会心理群趋之鹄的”（陈寅恪语）；四即是《文选》的流行。

《文选》顺应了这个大趋势，融重文尚才的社会新理念，与辞章唯美的士人新传统于一炉。

它的生命史，也正是中国文学的生命史，也与北宋以前文学知识人的兴衰史相互呼应。

陆龟蒙有诗云：“因知昭明前，剖石呈清琪。

又嗟昭明后，败叶埋芳蕤。

”③如果稍稍放眼海外，从中国中古与周边地区国家的文化关系看，《文选》与其他中国经典一样，代表着相当高级的文明成果，在当时有文化交流的作用。

唐诗中有一篇写到一个叫康洽的西域音乐家，在京城里长年演出新诗乐府，很受“中贵”们欢迎。

他能够“朝吟左氏《娇女篇》，夜诵相如《美人赋》”（李颀《送康洽入京进乐府歌》），对于《文选》中的名篇相当熟悉。

也许康洽所演唱的，不一定真的就是左思和司马相如的这两篇作品，但是以此为例，也正表明当时《文选》的影响很大。

当时吐蕃与中国通好，提出的请求援助项目中，就有“请《毛诗》《礼记》《文选》各一部”（《旧唐书·吐蕃列传》）；而当时的边塞游子“携书十袟”，也包含了《文选》。

文选讲读模拟试题及参考答案(一)一、翻译：《文赋》主人逌尔而笑曰：“若宾之言，所谓见世利之华，暗道德之实，守窔奥之荧烛，未仰天庭而睹白日也。

曩者王涂芜秽，周失其驭，侯伯方轨，战国横骛，於是七雄虓阚，分裂诸夏，龙战虎争。

游说之徒，风飑电激，并起而救之，其馀猋飞景附，霅煜其间者，盖不可胜载。

当此之时，搦朽摩钝，铅刀皆能一断，是故鲁连飞一矢而蹶千金，虞卿以顾眄而捐相印。

夫啾发投曲，感耳之声，合之律度，淫哇而不可听者，非韶夏之乐也。

因势合变，遇时之容，风移俗易，乖迕而不可通者，非君子之法也。

及至从人合之，衡人散之，亡命漂说，羁旅骋辞，商鞅挟三术以钻孝公，李斯奋时务而要始皇，彼皆蹑风尘之会，履颠沛之势，据徼乘邪，以求一日之富贵，朝为荣华，夕为憔悴，福不盈眦，祸溢於世，凶人且以自悔，况吉士而是赖乎？且功不可虚成，名不可以伪立，韩设辨以激君，吕行诈以贾国。

《说难》既遒，其身乃囚；秦货既贵，厥宗亦坠。

是以仲尼抗浮云之志，孟轲养浩然之气，彼岂乐为迂阔哉？道不可以贰也。

译：主人微笑着说：“如果如宾客您所说的，所谓看见了世俗利益的华贵而使得道德的真实显得暗淡，实际只是守着屋角的微小烛光而没有仰望到天上灿烂的太阳。

过去王道败坏，周天子失去了掌握天下的能力，诸侯作乱，车马交驰，于是七雄割据，分裂天下，挑起了龙虎争斗。

游说之徒以迅雷之势产生并挽救这个局面，其中发射出闪烁光芒的人不胜枚举。

这个时候，本没有能力的人经由一番锻炼后也能有所作为。

所以有鲁仲连用一只箭解救赵国而不收千金，赵相虞卿回头来和解下相印与魏齐同行。

那些说大话之人，只是用动听的话来投君王之所好，实际上是一些象下贱的青蛙的叫声一样不堪入耳的话，并非是如《韶乐》、《夏乐》这样的美善之乐。

随着形势的变化而变化，遇到什么样的时事就采取什么样的态度，不断变换自己的风骨、改变自己的性情的人是行的非君子之道的。

从六国灭秦到秦灭六国的时候，他们就不要命地到处游说，四处散播不着边际的谣言，像商鞅通过王霸富国强兵三术来取信于秦孝公，李斯发表对时局的看法而取信于秦始皇，这些人都不过是凭借君王对他们一时的信任，适应了当时一时的局势，依据着偶然侥幸而乘辟邪罢了，以此求得一时的荣华富贵。