轮机英语

【英语角】轮机英语词汇rotational speed：转速capacity: 功率steam turbine: 蒸汽轮机gas turbine: 燃气轮机speed reduction ratio: 减速比displacement: 排量flexible coupling: 柔性联轴节maintenance interval：检修周期gasoline engine：汽油机draft：吃水线torsional vibration damper: 减振器torque：扭矩prime mover：原动机be aligned with: 与…对中alignment：对中thermal efficiency：热效率loop scavenge：回流扫气cross scavenge：横流扫气uniflow scavenge：直流扫气supercharge：增压tappet clearance：挺杆间隙spark plug：火花塞indicator diagram：示功图indicator cards：示功图mechanical efficiency：机械效率compressed air: 压缩空气coolant：冷却剂occur：发生spray of fuel: 雾状燃油，油雾timing: 定时foul: 使…脏污fouling：污垢，脏污stuffing box：填料函，填料箱atmospheric pressure：大气压camshaft：凸轮轴cam：凸轮internal combustion engine：内燃机MIP（mean indicated pressure）：平均指示压力combustion chamber：燃烧室compression ratio：压缩比cylinder bore: 缸径overlap：重叠cross-head pin：十字头销bearing shell：轴瓦drill：钻孔，钻井，演习angle：角度expose：暴露，打开cycle：工作循环uncover：打开descending piston：下行的活塞value：值，数值decrease：降低，下降increase：上升，增加governor：调速器governor weight：调速器的飞重fuel injection：燃油喷射，喷油reliability：可靠性stroke coefficient：冲程系数give off：释放，放出naturally aspirated：自然吸气的，自然换气的admit：准许进入intake valve：进气阀linear motion：直线运动rotary motion：回转运动atomization：雾化cylinder firing pressure：气缸的爆炸压力be subjected to: 受到，遭受，承受ignition lag：滞燃期ignition delay period：滞燃期degree：程度，学位back pressure：背压thermal energy：热能mechanical energy: 机械能clockwise：顺时针地turbocharger：涡轮增压器brake horsepower：制动马力friction：摩擦single acting：单作用式的blow down：排气mixing：混合的mixture: 混合物advantage：优势，优点disadvantage：劣势，缺点compare：对比rocker arm：摇臂foundation：基础support：支撑，支持maintenance access：维修通道doors：道门in-line engine：直列式柴油机Vee engine：V型柴油机connecting rod large end bearing：连杆大端轴承connecting rod small end bearing：连杆小端轴承cast iron：铸铁cast steel：铸钢scavenging air box：扫气箱inertia：惯性thermal expansion：热膨胀aluminum：铝，铝的bronze：铜的mount：安装bolt：螺栓，用螺栓固定cross girder：横梁longitudinal girder：纵梁heat energy：热能float：漂浮，浮动piston skirt：活塞裙gudgeon pin：活塞销spur gear：正齿轮camshaft gear train：凸轮轴齿轮系starting air valve：空气启动阀side-chock bolt：侧楔形螺栓end-chock bolt：端楔形螺栓distance piece：调隙片compression plate：压缩片compression ratio：压缩比bearing housing：轴承座bearing cap：轴承盖bearing bush:轴瓦trunk piston：筒状活塞axial：轴向的stud：双头螺栓nut: 螺母enclose：密闭，密封guide：引导，导板tie rod=tie bolt=through bolt：贯穿螺栓entablature：机架column：机架cylinder block：气缸体external：外部的，外面的internal：内部的，里面的running-in period：磨合期load：负载，负荷，装载bearing wear：轴承磨损replace：替换，代替replacement：替换，代替clearance：间隙gap：间距tolerance：公差carrier ring：承磨环machine：机器，机械，加工machinery：机械（总称）machined：加工的，车削的ridge：凸台，凸肩groove：凹槽invariably：总是，一直forge：锻造forged：锻造的worn out：磨损的shim：垫片crank web：曲柄臂crank throw: 曲柄臂，曲拐crankpin：曲柄销crankcase：曲柄箱spring：弹簧，春天heat-resistant steel：耐热钢wearing resistance：抗磨，耐磨journal 轴颈sealing ring：密封环scraper ring：刮油环fuel valve：油头lubricator:注油器chromium-plated：镀铬的cylinder wall：汽缸壁lift out：吊出（活塞）piston ring belt: 活塞环区域cooling jacket：冷却水套balance：使…平衡shim：垫片thick：厚的thin：薄的thickness：厚度deformation：变形double bottom：双层底location：位置，定位locate：位于length: 长度width:宽度height：高度circular space：环形空间assemble：组装disassemble：拆卸assembly：组件fore and aft：前后semi-built：半组合式的transmit：传递，传送bending stress：弯曲应力torsion stress：扭曲应力shear stress：剪切应力turning gear：盘车机fitted bolt：拂配螺栓white metal：白合金horizontally：水平地be fitted with：装有，带有be provided with：装有，带有be equipped with装有，带有circumference [s?'k?mf?r?ns]: 圆周，周长nip：过盈压隙crush：过盈joint face：连接面，结合面diameter：直径oil distributor ring：布油环scraper ring：刮油环oil control ring：刮油环protective layer：保护层lining：衬有，内衬copper-lead alloy：铜铅合金aluminum-tin alloy：铝锡合金thin-walled：薄壁的flame hardened：淬火处理的shipchandler：船舶供应商bore：孔，镗孔thermal stress：热应力compressive stress：压应力forced lubrication system：强制润滑系统output：功率，输出cooling chamber：冷却腔crosshead shoes：十字头滑块slipper：滑块guide shoes：滑块dowel pin：定位销machine-turned：车削的projection：凸台vertical flange：垂直法兰coil spring：圈簧surface：表面slopping surface：倾斜表面sliding bearing：滑动轴承sludge：油渣main propulsion diesel engine：主推进柴油机tension：张力under tension：承受张力heater：加热器electric heater：电加热器timing gear：定时齿轮chain drives：链条驱动机构coincide with：重叠，一致center of gravity：重心statically balanced：静平衡wrist pin：活塞销heat conductivity：导热性oil film：油膜excess：过多的excessive：过多的，过大的rigid：结实的，坚实的transverse girder：横梁jack bolt：撑杆螺栓tap-bolt：锥头螺栓solid forged：整体锻造的solid bearing：整体式轴承polish：抛光telescopic pipe：伸缩管sag：下垂sagging：下沉量component：部件corrosion resistant：耐腐蚀的flame screen：防火网罩watertight compartment：水密舱taper：锥形的，逐渐减小的insert：插入：插件stationary part：固定部件statically balanced：静平衡dynamically balanced：动平衡turbulence：涡流flywheel：飞轮kinetic energy：动能fluctuation：波动valve stem：阀杆valve head：阀头valve cage：阀壳heat dissipation：散热water seal：水封wet liner：湿式缸套dry liner：干式缸套test cock：示功考克gasket：垫片knurling：滚花sodium：钠cold clearance：冷态间隙thrust：推力side thrust：侧推力manifold：总管bundle：管束overload：过载plasma coated：等离子涂层的oil sump：油底壳treat：处理，对待treatment：处理advanced firing：早燃retarded firing：后燃，发火滞后air venting arrangement：放气装置prime：灌注，注油priming：灌注priming pump：引液泵fuel supply passage：供油管路viscosity regulator：粘度调节器lifting check：起阀压力试验fuel main：总管plunger：柱塞spindle：针阀available：可用的，可得到的manoeuvring condition：机动操纵状态specification：规格grade:规格specific gravity：比重specify：规定service tank：日用柜day tank：日用柜port：港口，开口pressurize：加压injector nozzle：喷油嘴clog：堵塞particle：颗粒，颗粒状index：刻度，指数reading：读数rack：齿条rack and pinion arrangement：齿条/齿轮装置transfer pump：驳运泵bunker tank：燃油舱banker list：加油单have much to do with：与…..有很大的关系have nothing to do with：与…..没有关系quality：质量quantity：数量earlier ignition：发火提早stick open：保持开启状态oil sump：油底壳settling tank：沉淀柜droplet：水珠，油滴strainer：粗滤器fine filter：细滤器at interval：定期地prevent from doing sth.:防止做某事set：设定setting：设定量，设定值preset：预先设定buffer tank：缓冲柜balance tank：平衡柜（集油柜）service tank：日用柜cleared of：排除，清除barrel：套筒sleeve：套筒pipe：管子duct：管道，导管hose：软管flash point：闪点overflow：溢出（满了溢出）spill：溢油full ahead：全速前进fuel consumption：燃油消耗save：挽救，救生，节省economical speed：经济转速purify：分离，清洁purifier：分水机clarifier：分杂机foreign matter：杂质follower：滚轮calorific value：发热值pour point：倾点diameter：直径original：原来的，开始的vibration：振动penetration of fuel：燃油穿透penetration：穿透力distribution of fuel：燃油分布minimize：使….最小化maximize：使…..最大化shut down：关闭，切断cut off：终止，关闭check valve：止回阀jerk pump：喷射泵meter：计量，测量，米proper metering：精确计量parameter：参数size：尺寸carbon accumulation：结炭flow rate：流速break up：分裂，破裂，分手manufacture：制造商precaution：预防措施contamination：污染，脏污cetane rating：十六烷值cetane number：十六烷值secure the fuel supply：切断燃油供应take place：发生，开始commence：发生，开始slope：斜面spill port：回流孔，溢流孔build up：建立，积聚helix：螺旋槽MCR：最大持续功率base circle：基圆sulfur：硫water vapor：水蒸汽acid：酸，酸的malfunction：故障ash：灰duplex pressure gage：双联压力表thermostatic：恒温的needle valve：针阀differential needle valve：差压式针阀constant volume：定容constant pressure：定压unit injector：单体式喷油器misfiring：不发火vanadium：钒sodium：钠indicate：显示，表示contribute to：有利于，导致block：堵塞compressibility:压缩性remove：清除，去除sounding tube：深管sounding rod：量油杆oil impingement：注油cavitation （erosion）:气穴，汽蚀booster pump：增压泵 salt water：海水raw water：海水air cooler：空冷器make up：补充，补给distilled water：蒸馏水in contact with：与….接触facilitate：有利于，促进prior to：在….之前acid solution strength：酸性强度lime：石灰，氧化钙get rid of：去除，排除，摆脱release：释放mechanical property：机械性能expansion tank：膨胀水箱head tank：高置（膨胀）水箱coolant：冷却剂inoperative：不运转的，不运行的frost：结霜individual：单独的，独立的deposit：沉积物，沉淀物scale：水垢rust：生锈，铁锈dividing wall：分隔板overheat：过热explosion：爆炸chemical addition：投药，添加化学品additive：添加剂steam coil：蒸汽盘管anti-corrosion oil：防锈油inorganic inhibitor：无机缓蚀剂corrosion inhibitor：抗腐蚀剂regulate：调节modulate：调节head：压头volume：体积，容积closed cooling system：闭式冷却系统a portion of：一部分heat exchanger：换热器slightly：轻微的，轻度的nozzle holder：喷嘴座crack：裂纹suspect：怀疑baffle plate：挡板sacrificial zinc：保护性锌块soluble oil：可溶性油thermometer：温度计obstruct：堵塞，阻塞impeller：叶轮fin：翅片alarm：报警，警报器activate：激发，动作housing：壳体concentric：同心的bi-directional operation：双向运行compensating tank：补偿水箱（膨胀水箱）salinity：盐分，盐度alternative：选择，替代deaerating tank：除气柜three-way valve：三通阀flush：吹洗，冲洗oil barge：油驳interlocking device：连锁装置reversing：换向pilot air：控制空气，先导空气air distributor：空气分配器fusible plug：易熔塞guard against：防止air reservoir=air bottle=air receiver：空气瓶pneumatic control system：气动控制系统pneumatic tool：气动工具drain cock：放残考克blade：叶片turbine：透平remote valve：遥控阀air startlever：空气启动手柄instrument：仪表humidity：水分starting air distributor：启动空气分配器sufficient：充足的，足够的consecutive start：连续启动knocking sound：敲缸condensate：凝水condensation：冷凝run roughly：运转不平稳delay：推迟，延迟clearance volume：余隙容积two stage compressor：两级空气压缩机intercooler：中间冷却器，中冷器aftercooler：后冷器airborne：空气中携带的valve plate:阀片valve strip：阀片valve face：阀面valve seat：阀座volumetric efficiency：容积效率LP cylinder：低压缸HP cylinder：高压缸trip：跳闸overload relay：过载继电器dew point：露点splash lubrication：飞溅润滑water hammer：水击air delivery line：排出管路non-return valve：止回阀，单向阀carbonization：碳化throttling：节流solenoid：电磁的idle speed：怠速storage tank：储存柜neutralize：中和neutralization number：中和值alkalinity：碱detergency：清洁剂fundamental：基本的guard against：防止stern-tube bearing：尾轴承lignum vitae：铁梨木emulsion oil：乳化油，乳化防锈油sodium nitrite：硝酸钠additive：添加剂approved：认可的galvanize：镀锌investigation：调查gas seal 气封pot-shaped piston：筒状活塞analyze：分析total loss system：全消耗系统recirculation system：循环系统renew：更新，换新renewal：更新，换新static head：静压头in duplicate：一式两份，一式两台carry away：带走magnetic filter：磁性滤器blow out：吹洗in that：在于，因为former：前者latter：后者forced lubrication system：强制润滑系统employ：采用，使用，利用，雇佣hydrostatic lubrication：液体静力润滑impurity：杂质to a great extent：在很大程度上deterioration：恶化heat transfer：传热wear detritus：磨屑trouble-free life：无故障寿命dilute：冲淡，稀释，降低mist detector：油雾检测器monitor：检测，监控duplex filter：双联式滤器audible/visual alarm：声光报警shaker：振荡scuffing：划伤remain：保持remaining：剩余的retain：保留clogged：堵塞的hard varnish：硬的清漆pitting：点蚀oxidize：氧化carbon deposit：积碳detergent oil：净化油orifice：油孔diffuser：扩压器constant-pressure：定压增压pulse pressure：脉冲增压angle：角度，成….角度smoky exhaust：排气冒黑烟opposite：相反的，相对的supercharging：增压make use of：利用blower：鼓风机turboblower：涡轮增压器adjacent：相邻的in comparison to：与…相比compared to：与…相比fabricated：锻造的swirl：旋转rated speed：额定速度rated load：额定负载oxygen：氧气oxidize：使…氧化average：平均的velocity：速度directly proportional to：成正比characteristic：特点in conjunction with：和….一起performance：性能utilize：利用，使用furnish：提供muffle：消音，降低gas exchange：换气lose power：损失功率loss of pressure：失压take out=disengage:脱开put in=engage：合上FWE=finished with engine：完车give a trial：试车ahead and astern: 正倒车packing box：填料箱overhaul：大修stall：停止，停车enlarge：扩大，变大abnormal：不正常on no account：绝不，不可以seizure：卡住，咬缸gradually：逐渐地，逐步地remedy：补救，补修metalock：金属扣合法warm up:加温，暖机unless：除非surge：喘振spark：火星paint：油漆blistering：起泡peeling：剥落withdraw：取出routine 日常的，周期性的whilst=while：当…时候eliminate：消除，清除ambient temperature：环境温度regarding：关于with regard to：关于，对于….来说ventilation：通风vacuum：真空risk：风险，危险hazard：危险head wind：顶风heavy sea：风浪大combustion knock：燃烧过程粗暴wheelhouse：驾驶台contaminant：杂质，污染物cease：停止defect：损坏，缺陷sensor：传感器dead slow ahead：微速前进distribution：分配，布置，配电idle：闲置的guarantee：保证，确保pressure-volume diagram：压容图jerk pump：脉动泵，急拉式泵by-product：副产品erosion：剥蚀spark arrestor：火花消除器navigation：航行score：划痕scratch：刮痕abrasive particle：磨蚀颗粒pyrometer：高温计（测量排烟温度）manometer：压力计pressure gauge：压力表dial indicator：千分表，量缸表micrometer：千分表feeler：塞尺straight edge：直尺bridge gauge：桥规（轴颈下沉量，较小的主轴承磨损）blow-by：漏气break-in period：磨合期hone：搪磨detuner：减震器verify：检查，证实underway：航行时at partial load：部分负载localized：局部的local：当地的，机旁的file：锉blank off：堵死rotor：转子metal scraper：金属刮刀wrench：扳手moisture：水分muffler=silencer：消音器switch on：接通absolute pressure：绝对压力（=表压力+大气压力）air blast pump：抽气泵quay：码头direction handle：换向手柄coke deposit：积碳asphalt：沥青boss：桨毂hub：桨毂，轮毂variable pitch propeller：调距桨controllable pitch propeller：调距桨constant pitch propeller：定距桨fixed pitch propeller：定距桨tail shaft：尾轴intermediate shaft、；中间轴mass：重量in turn：依次，循序thrust block：推力块thrust pad：推力块reversing gear：换向装置axial movement：轴向运动solid propeller：整体式螺旋桨stem：船尾astern：船尾bow：艏，船头apparent slip：滑失比helix：螺旋线helicoidal：螺旋面，螺旋状的uniform pitch：定螺距non-uniform pitch：不定螺距pitch ratio：螺距比rubber：橡胶sterntube bearing：尾轴管轴承common rail system：共轨燃油系统VIT= variable injection timing: 可喷油定时森海海事服务。

Lesson 1HOW DOES A MARINE DIESEL ENGINE WORK?The diesel engine is a type of internal combustion engine which ignites the fuel by injecting it into hot, high pressure air in a combustion chamber. The marine diesel engine is a type of diesel engine used on ships. The principle of its operation is as follows:A charge of fresh air is drawn or pumped into the engine cylinder and then compressed by the moving piston to very high pressure.When the air is compressed, its temperature rises so that it ignites the fine spray of fuel injected into the cylinder. The burning of the fuel adds more heat to the air charge, causing it to expand and force the engine piston to do work on the crankshaft which in turn drives the ship's propeller.The operation between two injections is called a cycle, which consists of a fixed sequence of events. This cycle may be achieved either in four strokes or two. In a four-stroke diesel engine, the cycle requires four separate strokes of the piston, i.e. suction, compression, expansion and exhaust. If we combine the suction and exhaust operations with the compression and expansion strokes, the four-stroke engine will be turned into a two-stroke one, as is shown in Figures l (a)-(d).The two-stroke cycle begins with the piston coming up from the bottom of its stroke, i.e. bottom dead centre (BDT), with the air inlet ports or scavenge ports in the sides of the cylinder being opened (Fig. 1 (a)). The exhaust ports are uncovered also. Pressurised fresh air charges into the cylinder, blowing out any residual exhaust gases from the last stroke through the exhaust ports.As the piston moves about one fifth of the way up, it closes the inlet ports and the exhaust ports. The air is then compressed as the piston moves up (Fig. 1 (b)).When the piston reaches the top of its stroke, i.e. the top dead center (TDC), both the pressure and the temperature of the air rise to very high values. The fuel injector injects a fine spray of fuel oil into the hot air and combustion takes place, producing much higher pressure in the gases.The piston is forced downward as the high pressure gases expand (Fig. 1 (c)) until it uncovers the exhaust ports. The burnt gases begin to exhaust (Fig. 1(d)) and the piston continues down until it opens the inlet ports. Then another cycle begins.In the two-stroke engine, each revolution of the crankshaft makes one power or working stroke, while in the four-stroke engine, it takes two revolutions to make one power stroke. That is why a two stroke cycle engine will theoretically develop twice the power of a four stroke engine of the same size. Inefficient scavenging and other losses, however, reduce the power advantage to about 1.8.Each type of engine has its application on board ship. The low speed (i.e. 90 to 120 r/min) main propulsion diesel operates on the two-stroke cycle. At this low speed the engine requires no reduction gearbox between it and propeller. The four-stroke engine (usually rotating at medium speed, between 250 to 750 r/min) is used for alternators and sometimes for main propulsion with a gearbox to provide a propeller speed of between 90 to 120 r/min.READING MATERIALWORKING CYCLESA diesel engine may be designed to work on the two-stroke or on the four-stroke cycle. Both of them are explained below.The Four-Stroke CycleFigure 2 shows diagrammatically the sequence of events throughout the typical four-stroke cycle of two revolutions. It is usual to draw such diagrams starting at TDC (firing) but the explanation will start at TDC (scavenge). Top dead centre is some times referred to as inner dead centre (IDC).Proceeding clockwise round the diagram, both inlet (or suction) and exhaust valves are initially open. (All modern four-stroke engines have poppet valves.) If the engine is naturally aspirated, or is a small high-speed type with a centrifugal turbocharger, the period of valve overlap, i.e. when both valves are open, will be short, and the exhaust valve will close some 10o after top dead centre (ATDC).Propulsion engines and the vast majority of auxiliary generator engines running at speeds below 1,000 r/min will almost certainly be turbocharged and will be designed to allow a generous throughflow of scavenge air at this point in order to control the turbine blade temperature. In this case the exhaust valve will remain open until exhaust valve closure (EVC) at 50-60o ATDC. As the piston descends to outer or bottom dead centre (BDC) on the suction stroke, it will inhale a fresh charge of air. To maximise this, balancing the reduced opening as the valve seats against the slight ram or inertia effect of the incoming charge, the inlet (suction) valve will normally held open until about 25-35o ABTC (145-155o BTDG). This event is called inlet valve closure (IVC). The charge is then compressed by the rising piston until it has attained a temperature of some 550o C. At about 10-20o BTDC (firing), depending on the type and speed of the engine, the injector admits finely atomised fuel which ignites within 2-7o (depending on the type again) and the fuel burns over a period of 30-50o, while the piston begins to descend on the expansion stroke, the piston movement usually helping to induce air movement to assist combustion.At about 120-150o ATDC the exhaust valve opens (EVO), the timing being chosen to promote a very rapid blow-down of the cylinder gases to exhaust. This is done: (a) to preserve as much energy as is practicable to drive the turbocharger, and (b) to reduce the cylinder pressure to a minimum by BDC to reduce pumping work on the 'exhaust' stroke. The rising piston expels the remaining exhaust gas and at about 70-80o BTDC the inlet valve opens (IVO) so that the inertia of the outflowing gas, plus the positive pressure difference, which usually exists across the cylinder by now, produces a through flow of air to the exhaust to ’scavenge’ the cylinder.If the engine is naturally aspirated the IVO is about 10o BTIDC. The cycle now repeats.The Two-Stroke CycleFigure 3 shows the sequence of events in a typical two-stroke cycle, which, as the name implies, is accomplished in one complete revolution of the crank. Two-stroke engines invariably have ports to admit air when uncovered by the descending piston. The exhaust may be via ports adjacent to the air ports and controlled by the same piston (loop scavenge) or via poppet exhaust valves at the other end of the cylinder (uniflow scavenge).Starting at TDC combustion is already under the way and the exhaust opens (EO) at 110-120o ATDC to promote a rapid blow-down before the inlet opens (IO) about 20-30o later (130-150o ATDC). In this way the inertia of the exhaust gases-- moving at about the speed of sound-- iscontrived to encourage the incoming air to flow quickly through the cylinder with a minimum of mixing, because any unexpelled exhaust gas detracts from the weight air entrained for the next stroke.The exhaust should close before the inlet on the compression stroke to maximise the charge, but the geometry of the engine may prevent this if the two events are piston controlled. It can be done in an engine with exhaust valves.At all events the inlet ports will be closed as many degrees ABDC as opened before it (i.e. again 130-150o BTDC) and the exhaust in the same region.Injection commences at about 10-20o BTDC depending on speed and combustion lasts 30-50o, as with the four-stroke.。

轮机英语单词单词词性解释marine a.海运的，船用的diesel n.柴油，柴油机internal a.内部的combustion n.燃烧ignite v.点燃inject v.喷射chamber n.腔，室principle n.原理，原则operation n.工作，操作，运转，进程charge v.n.装，充；充填物fresh a.新鲜的，淡（水）的draw v.抽吸cylinder n.气缸compress v.压缩piston n.活塞fine a.细小的，好的spray v.n.喷雾；（水，油）雾burn v.燃烧rotate v.旋转，回转medium a.n.中间的；介质alternator n.交流发电机in turn 依次，轮流变成turn into 变成event n.事件，过程stroke n.冲程，行程separate (from )v.分离，分开exhaust v.n.排出，耗尽，排气，废弃combine (with )v.结合，联合inlet n.进入，入口scavenge v.n.扫除；吹出blow v.吹，鼓风residual a.剩余的，残留的value n.价值，数值injector n.喷射器，喷油器continue v.继续（进行）revolution n.转theoretically ad.理论上地inefficient a.效率低的，无效的advantage n.优势，优点，长处application n.应用propulsion n.推进（装置）cause v.n.引起；原因force v.迫使crankshaft n.曲轴propeller n.螺旋桨，推进器cycle n.循环consist (of) v.由···组成fix v.固定sequence n.顺序，系列bottom dead center (BDC)下止点top dead center (TDC)上止点on board ship 在船上r/min转/分reduction gear box 减速齿轮箱explain v.解说，说明typical a.典型的proceed v.进行clockwise ad.顺时针方向poppet n.提升natural ad.自然地aspirate v.吸入，吸出centripetal a.向心的turbocharger n.涡轮增压器overlap n.v.重叠，交搭propulsion n.推进vast a.大量的，巨大的majority n.多数，大多数auxiliary a.辅助的generator n.发电机turbocharge v.涡轮增压generous a.丰富的，充分的throughflow n.进流量，贯穿气流closure n.关闭descend v.下降，下行inhale v.吸入maximise v.把···增加到最大量slight ram v.进气阀座blow-down 排出，下降attain v.达到，到达injector n.喷油器atomised a.雾化的induce v.引起，招致timing n.定时promote v.促进，加速，引起preserve v.保留expel v.排出，驱逐remain v.剩下，残存plus prep.加上positive a.正的imply v.暗示accomplish v.完成crank n.曲柄via ad.经由，通过adjacent a.邻近的sound n.声音contrive v.设计，设法encourage v.促使mixing n.混合unexpected a.为排出的detract v.降低，损伤entrain v.吸入prevent v.阻碍，防止retard v.推迟，延迟balance v.平衡，抵消inertia n.惯性loop scavenge 回流扫气uniflow scavenge直流扫气construction n.结构bedplate n.机座frame n.机架weld n.焊接bolt n.v.螺栓；用螺栓固定seating n.座，底座liner n.（气缸）衬套extend v.延长，伸长slot n.v.槽，缝，开槽opening n,开口height n.高度secure v.固定transverse a.横向的chock n.侧块，楔形块longitudinal a.纵向的rest v.放置，坐落bearing n.轴承cross a.v.十字的，较差的；交叉，横过stud n.双头螺栓cap n.盖，帽thrust n.推，推理block n.快，体locate v.位于，查出，查找，至于某位integra a.整体的flat a.平的surface n.表面mount v.安装section n.段，表面camshaft n.凸轮轴enclose v.包围，封闭casing n.箱，外壳jacket n.夹层，水套vertical a.垂直的flange n.法兰，翻边foremost a.最前的expose v.暴露，露出edge n.边缘drill v.钻孔rotary a.旋转的guide n.v.导板，导向器；导向，引导insert v.插入groove n.槽，沟turn v.车削，转动conical a.锥形的screw n.v.螺钉；用螺钉固定，拧入indicator n.示功器cock n.旋塞double a.双层的cast iron 铸铁chain transmission 链条传动（机构）chromium n.镀铬machine-turned 车削的，车制的approx ad.大约heat-resistant 耐热的single a.单一的reversible a.可倒转的，可换向的individual a.个别的，各个的girder n.梁，框架semi-built a.半总成式的fabricate v.制造，构造，构成entablature n.支柱，构架rigid a.牢固的，刚性的resist v.承受，阻挡bending n.弯曲keep n.上轴瓦，压盖jackbolt n.（液压）撑杆螺栓withstand v.承受crankweb n.曲柄臂piece n.（一）片（张，块）contain v.包含，包括constant a.恒定的loop n.环，环路employ v.采用，雇用electrically ad.电动地automatically ad.自动地auxiliary a.辅助的blower n.鼓风机manoeuvre n.v.机动（操作）articulate v.连接液压的hydraulic a.调速器governor n.增压increase v.特点，性能feature n.循环circulate v.容器，集装箱substantial a.坚固的surmount v.安在···屋顶rigid a.刚硬的，刚性的pocket n.窝，腔cage n.阀腔stiff a.硬的intensively ad.强烈地nimonic n.a.镍铬钛合金/尼孟合金（的）alloy n.合金spindle n.心轴，细长杆（轴）actuator n.驱动器，执行器crown n.冠，活塞头shaker n.振荡器，摇杆jet n.射流，喷嘴propel v.推进，驱使swing v.摇摆slim a.细薄的servomotor n.伺服器，伺服马达distributor n.分配器symmetrically ad.对称地supplement v.补充recess n.凹槽，凹缝，凹入出dowel n.销钉pin n.销子caulk v.敛（铆）缝，嵌塞topmost ad.最上部narrow a.狭窄的diagonal a.对角的，斜的overlap v.n.重叠，搭接joint n.v.接合，接头distributor n.分配器slightly ad.轻微地round a.v.圆的；使成圆形film n.（油）膜period n.期间opposite prep.在···对面，与···相对diameter n.直径annular a.环形的ensure v.保证，担保assembly n.组件，组装component n.部件journal n.轴颈shoe v.滑靴，滑块horizontally ad.水平地adequate a.足够的，充分的admit v.允许进入，导入duct n.管道scraper n.刮子，刮油器shim n.垫片，调整片thickness n.厚度adjustment n.调整，调节clearance n.间隙appropriate a.适当的channel n.通道crankpin n.曲柄销forge v.锻造shrink v.红套displace v.错位，变位carrier ring 承磨环built-in 内装的，机内的，固定的tap-bolt 锥体螺栓white metal 白合金telescopic pipe 伸缩管，拉管fitted bolt 拂配螺栓series n.系列consist of 组成transverse a.横向的attachment n.连接，固定integrally ad.整体地casing n.箱，壳体incorporate v.结合，包括deformation n.变形transmit v.传递guide way n.导板seal n.v.铅封；密封individual a.单体的casting n.铸件thermal a.热（力）的stress n.应力stud n.双头螺栓constrain v.约束，抑制hydraulically ad.液压的preload v.预（力）载collar n.环，凸缘train n.轮系bronze n.青铜harden v.淬火，硬化hydrostatic a.流体静力的oscillating a.震动，震荡，摆动diffuser n.扩压器facilitate v.有利于M.E.P平均有效压力pulse n.脉冲slight a.轻微的cast n.铸件diaphram n.膜片，隔板forge v.锻造chrome n.铬molybdenum n.钼inconel n.铬镍铁合金attach v.附着isostatic a.均衡的austenitic a.奥氏体的helix n.螺旋，螺旋物barrel n.桶astern ad.在船尾torsional a.扭转的inertia n.惯性，惯量variation n.变化，改变radiate v.辐射，放射viscous a.粘性的，粘滞的accessible a.易接近的，可到达的kit n.成套工具，工具箱survive v.存在，生存strength n.强度specific a.明确的，详细而精确的reject to 丢弃，排向···atmosphere n.大气entrian v.以气泡状态存在volume n.量minimise v.将···减到最少cavitation n.气穴，汽蚀proportion n.比例，部分hopper n.带支架的观察（镜，表）tundish n.漏斗visual a.看的，视觉的trumpet n.喇叭nozzle n.管口，喷嘴corrosion n.腐蚀，锈overboard ad.向舷外merely ad.仅仅，只不过contact with 与···接触conveniently ad.方便地distil(l)v.蒸馏mineral a.矿物的inexpensive a.便宜的，低廉的coolant n.冷却剂viscosity n.粘度deposit n.v.沉淀，淤积obstruct v.阻塞，阻碍contaminate v.污染，弄脏replenish v.补充，再装满inoperative a.不工作的scale n.水垢dilute a.稀释的，淡的solution n.溶液emission n.散发物immerse v.使浸入occasionally ad.偶尔，不经常bucket n.桶compartment n.舱室ventilate v.通风lime n.石灰simplify v.简化renewal n.换新oxidation n.氧化complexity n.复杂化neutralise v.中和soda n.碳酸（氢）纳，苏打evaporate v.蒸发，汽化acidic a.酸性的inorganic a.无机（物）的inhibitor n.防锈剂，缓蚀剂emulsion n.乳化液impair v.削弱，减少，障碍sodium n.钠layer n.层nitrite n.亚硝酸盐approved a.已证明（有效）的galvanise v.镀锌solder v.低温焊，堆焊chromate n.铬酸盐deprive v.丧失encounter v.遭遇，遇到dismantle v.拆卸benificial a.有力的，有益的hydrochloric acid 盐酸manifold n.总管e.p. agents 抗浮化剂V.I. improver 粘度指数改进剂maintenance n.维护，保养select n.选择among prep.在···之中affect v.影响viscosity n.粘度cetane n.十六烷calorific a.热（量)的，发热的sulphur n.酸residue n.残渣，残留物formation n.形成product n.产品，产物flash v.n.闪光；闪亮gravity n.重力content n.内容，含量impurity n.杂质depend v.取决于，依靠residual a.残余的available a.可利用的，可获得的embody v.包括（含）有，使具体化entirely ad.完全地，完整地bunker n.燃料舱distribute v.分配various a.各式各样的，多种多样的lag v.包绕外层防护套bunk v.油舱duplex a.双联的，双倍的strainer a.粗滤器storage n.储存remainder n.剩余，余额sediment n.沉淀物buffer n.缓冲器，贮存装置spill v.溢流regulator n.调节器climatic a.气候的，天气的permit v.允许meter v.计量mechanism n.机械机构plunger n.柱塞barrel n.桶，套筒sufficiently ad.充分地，足够地atomize v.将···喷成雾状complexity n.复杂，复杂性deposit n.沉积物specification n.规格，说明vanadium n.钒sodium n.钠asphaltene n.沥青（烯），沥青质precipitate v.使沉淀，沉淀物aluminum n.铝abrasive a.有磨蚀的particle n.颗粒silicon n.硅oxide n.氧化物nozzle n.喷嘴catalytic a.催化的clover n.三叶草，苜蓿dual a.双重的purpose n.目的，意图caralyst n.催化剂efficiency n.效率polymerization n.聚合作用dispersant n.分散剂acid n.酸uptake n.烟道inhibit v.约束，抑制alternative a.两者选一的tarry a.n.焦油的，煤焦质carbonaceous a.碳的，碳质的，含碳的sinter v.n.使烧结，烧结物potential a.n.潜在的，潜能trioxide n.三氧化物dose n.v.剂量，按计量分tester n.检测器designate v.指派clog v.堵塞cresol n.甲酚sandpaper n.砂纸coarse a.粗糙的stain v.n.玷污，污点flaw n.v.裂纹，破裂lap v.重叠围住，包围viscosity n.粘度composition n.组成storage n.存储insoluble n.不溶解的impurity a.杂质asphalt n.沥青miscible a.易混合的filtration n.过滤purifier n.分水机clarifier n.分杂机conical a.圆锥形的periphery n.外围，周边perforate v.穿（钻，冲）孔cylindrical a.圆柱形的bowl n.分离筒ancillary a.辅助的centrifuge n.离心分离机accumulation n.积聚consume v.消耗agitation n.搅动circumstance n.环境，详情involve v.包括，卷入solid n.a.固体；硬的centrifuge n.分油机（分水机）purifier n.净油机（分杂机）clarifier n.消除，去除，拆除removal n.机壳，框架framwork n.分界面interface n.遭遇，遭受subject v.对齐，对中成直线align v.阻水环damring n.重力环gravity n.通流量throughput n.图标，诺莫图aid n.援助，助手tentative n.试验性的，暂定的appear v.呈现，出现emulsification n.乳化（作用) ejection n.喷射，喷出periodical a.定期的flush v.冲洗strip v.剥下，拆下，拆卸hood n.罩，盖，帽clamp v.夹钳，夹紧corrugation n.成皱，起皱idle a.空闲的，闲置的clutch n.离合器conduit n.管道process n.过程removal n.排除blow v.鼓风supercharge v.增压atmosphere a.大气的pressurize v.增压，加压electrically ad.电动地blower n.鼓风机，增压器density n.密度turbine n.涡轮机compressor n.压缩机essential a.基本的，重要的adequate a.适当的，充分的arrangement n.布置，安排escape v.逃逸，溢出differential a.差别的，不同的swirl v.使……漩涡运动adjacent a.邻近的，接近的equip v.装备mount v.安装，安放foul v.弄脏obstruction n.阻塞，阻碍telltale n.a.监视装置，起监视作用的trunk a.箱子，(扫气)箱maximum a.最大量，最大（多）的unburned a.未燃烧的fault n.错误，故障slack a.松弛的uneven a.不均匀的faulty a.错误的flame n.火焰flammable a.可燃的surge n.v.喘振spark n.火花blister v.起泡seizure n.抓住，咬缸extinguish v.熄灭，扑灭investigate v.调查，检查。

1.Lesson12.internal combustion engine 内燃机3.marine diesel engine 船用柴油机4.naturally aspirated 自然吸气5.two - stroke cycle 二冲程循环6.auxiliary generator engine 辅助发电柴油机7.centrifugal turbocharger 离心式涡轮增压器8.exhaust valve 排气阀9.top dead centre 上止点10.bottom dead centre 下止点11.loop scavenge 回流扫气12.uniflow scavenge 直流扫气13.the period of valve overlap 气阀重叠期14.fuel injector 喷油器bustion chamber 燃烧室16.power stroke 做功冲程Lesson21.side - chock bolt 侧楔螺栓2.end - chock bolt 端楔螺栓3.cross girder 横梁4.main bearing 主轴承5.thrust block 推力轴承6.scavenging air box 扫气箱7.chain transmission 链传动8.cylinder block 气缸体9.tie rod 贯穿螺栓10.scavenging air port 扫气口11.cylinder cover 气缸盖12.cylinder liner 气缸套13.indicator cock 示功考克14.dowel pin 定位销15.piston skirt 活塞裙16.piston crown 活塞头17.running - in period 磨合期18.thermal stress 热应力19.crosshead shoe 十字头滑块20.tap- bolt 锥形螺栓21.stuffing box 填料函22.connecting rod 连杆23.force - feed lubrication system 强力润滑系统24.bearing clearance 轴承间隙25.crank journal 曲柄轴颈Lesson31.cetane number 十六烷值2.calorific value 热值3.carbon residue 残炭4.specific gravity 比重5.sulphur content 硫分6.ash content 灰分7.ignition delay 滞燃期8.catalytic fine 催化粉末9.settling tank 沉淀柜1/ 910.service tank 日用柜11.booster pump 增压泵12.viscosity regulator 粘度调节器13.quick closing valve 速闭阀14.needle valve 针阀15.flyweight type governor 飞重式调速器Lesson41.trouble free life 无故障使用寿命2.lubricating oil film 润滑油膜3.carbonaceous deposit 积碳4.wear detritus 磨屑5.ring land 活塞环岸6.ring groove 环槽7.friction loss 摩擦损失8.detergency property 去垢能力9.feed ratel 供油率10.sulphuric acid 硫酸11.drain tank 循环油柜12.level gauge 液位表13.gudgeon pin 活塞销14.crosshead bearing 十字头轴承15.gas seal 气封Lesson51.heat engine 热机2.cylinder jacket 气缸水套3.pressure relief valve 溢流阀4.fresh water cooler 淡水冷却器5.distilled water 蒸馏水6.corrosion inhibitor 缓蚀剂7.chemical additive 化学添加剂8.galvanized piping 镀锌管9.expansion tank 膨胀水箱10.air lock 气塞11.auxiliary engine 副机12.central cooling system 中央冷却系统13.fresh water generator 造水机14.three - way valve 三通阀15.blind －flange 盲板Lesson 6pressed air 压缩空气2.air reservoir 空气瓶3.non - return valve 止回阀或单向阀4.cylinder air start valve 气缸启动阀5.pilot air 控制空气6.pilot air control valve 起动控制阀7.air distributor 空气分配器8.air start lever 起动手柄9.turning gear 盘车机10.air start manifold 起动空气总管11.air compressor 空压机12.flame trap 阻焰器13.relief valve 安全阀2/ 914.bursting caps or discs 防爆帽或防爆盘15.fusible plug 易熔塞Lesson71.reversing gearbox 换向齿轮箱2.controllable - pitch propeller 调距桨3.instruction book 说明书4.indicator cock 示功考克5.auxiliary scavenge blower 辅助鼓风机6.direction handle 换向手柄7.telegraph reply lever 车钟应答手柄8.manoeuvring handle 操纵手柄9.regular maintenance work 定期维修工作10.instruction manual 安装手册11.indicator card 示功图12.fuel valve 燃油阀13.carbon deposit 积炭14.connecting rod top and bottom ends 连杆大小端15.lubricating oil sump 滑油机箱Lesson81.motor vessel 内燃机船2.SCR ( Selective Catalytic NO Reduction system) 选择性催化还原系统3.VIT 可调喷油定时4.add - on device 附加设备5.fuel injection timing 喷油定时6.fuel injection rate 喷油率7.cylinder lube oil feed 气缸滑油供油率8.Alpha Lubricator 阿尔法气缸注油器9.mechanical lubricator 机械注油器10.times between overhauls 大修间隔时间11.diagnostic system 诊断系统12.fuel injection pump 喷油泵13.exhaust valve actuator 排气阀操作机构14.starting air distributor 起动空气分配器15.local control stand 机旁控制台16.Hydraulic Power Supply ( HPS ) 液压动力源17.Hydraulic Cylinder Units ( HCU ) 液压控制单元18.Engine Control System ( ECS) 发动机控制系统19.crankshaft position sensing system 曲轴位置传感系统20.Local Operating Panel ( LOP ) 机旁控制面板21.self cleaning filter 自清滤器22.axial piston pump 轴向柱塞泵23.engine driven pump 机带泵24.hydraulic pump 液压泵25.second - order moment compensator 二阶力矩补偿器26.integrated control system 综合控制系统27.double - walled piping 双壁管28.ELFI 比例电子喷射控制阀29.ELV A 电子排气阀操作器30.pressure accumulator 蓄压器Lesson91.auxiliary machinery 辅助机械3/ 92.fire - tube boiler 火管锅炉3.donkey boiler 辅锅炉4.water-tube boiler 水管锅炉5.steam drum 汽包6.generating tube 蒸发管7.heat transfer surface 传热面8.down comer 下降管9.water drum 水筒10.superheated steam 过热蒸汽11.exhaust gas boiler 废气锅炉12.boiler mounting 锅炉附件13.main stop valve 主停汽阀14.feed check valve 给水止回阀15.water level indicator 水位计16.blow - down valve 下排污阀17.scum valve 浮渣阀18.salinometer valve 盐度计阀19.chemical dosing valve 投药阀20.smoke indicator 烟气指示器21.primary swirler 主配风器22.air register 调风门23.wire bristle brush 钢丝刷24.waste heat recovery plant 废热回收装置25.water carry - over 蒸汽携水26.forced draught air pressure 强力风压27.soot blower 吹灰器28.air / fuel ratio 风油比29.high salinity alarm 高盐度报警30.condensate system 凝水系统Lesson101.displacement pump 容积式泵2.centrifugal pump 离心泵3.reciprocating pump 往复泵4.rotary pump 回转泵5.gear pump 齿轮泵6.volute pump 蜗壳式泵7.diffuser pump 导轮式泵8.mixed - flow pump 混流泵9.axial pump 轴流泵10.regenerative pump 旋涡泵11.relief valve 安全阀12.suction lift 吸高13.centrifugal force 离心力14.bearing bush 轴瓦15.sealing arrangement 密封装置16.packed gland 填料压盖17.mechanical seal 机械密封18.priming unit 引水装置19.wear ring 承磨环20.atmospheric pressure 大气压力21.suction valve 吸入阀22.discharge valve 排出阀4/ 923.self - priming 自吸24.saturation temperature 饱和温度25.vapor bubble 气泡26.Available Net Positive Suction Head 有效汽蚀余量27.wear and tear 磨损28.volumetric efficiency 容积效率29.shaft seal 轴封30.the eye of the impeller 叶轮中心Lesson111.marine refrigeration 船舶制冷2.air conditioning 空调3.vapour compression cycle 蒸汽压缩循环4.expansion valve 膨胀阀5.evaporator coil 蒸发盘管tent heat 潜热7.throttling effect 节流作用8.cooling medium 冷却介质9.secondary refrigerant 载冷剂10.critical temperature 临界温度11.carbon dioxide 二氧化碳12.sub - cooling 过冷13.calcium chloride brine 氯化钙盐水14.charging valve 充剂阀15.CFC 不含氢的氯氟烃16.HCFC 含氢的氯氟烃17.purge valve 驱气阀18.liquid line sight glass 液管视液镜19.leak detector lamp 检漏灯20.high pressure cut - out 高压控制器21.low pressure cut - out 低压控制器22.oil failure cut - out 油压差控制器23.liquid - hammering 液击24.oil - hammering 油击25.under - charge 冲击不足Lesson121.dry bulb temperature 干球温度2.wet bulb temperature 湿球温度3.relative humidity 相对湿度4.dew point 露点5.air conditioning system 空调系统6.refrigeration plant 制冷装置7.single - duct system 单风管系统8.twin - duct system 双风管系统9.“ single - duct with reheat ” system 单风管再热系统10.natural ventilation 自然通风11.mechanical ventilation 机械通风12.intermediate weather condition 中间气候条件13.by trial and error 用试凑法14.insulation vapour seal 隔热气封15.plastic film 塑料膜Lesson131.oily water separator 油水分离器5/ 92.Crude Oil Washing 原油洗舱3.bunker tank 燃料舱4.load on top 置于上部法5.slop tank 污油柜6.Segregated Ballast Tank ( SBT ) 隔离压载舱7.Clean Ballast Tank ( CBT ) 清洁压载舱8.coarse separating compartment 粗分离室9.International Oil Pollution Prevention ( IOPP ) certificates 国际防油污染证书10.oil - free water 无油的水11.oil collection spacel 集油室12.catch plate 捕集板13.steam or electric heating coils 蒸汽或电加热盘管14.de - oiling 去油15.surface tension 表面张力Lesson141.territorial waters 领海2.sewage treatment plant 生活污水处理装置3.extended aeration process 充分曝气过程4.inert sludge 惰性淤泥5.Bio - chemical Oxygen Demand ( BOD ) 生化需氧量6.aerobic bacteria 好氧菌7.anaerobic bacteria 厌氧菌8.suspended solids 悬浮固体9.coliform count 大肠杆菌数10.hydrogen sulphide 硫化氢11.sullage tank 污水柜12.chemical dosage rate 加药率13.watertight compartment 水密舱14.aeration compartment 曝气室15.activated sludge 活性污泥Lesson151.centrifugal separation 离心分离2.batch operation 间歇运行3.cylindrical interface 圆柱形分界面4.dam ring or gravity disc 比重环5.bowl periphery 分离筒边缘6.centrifugal force 离心力7.back pressure 背压8.ejection process 排渣过程9.flushing water 冲洗水10.operating water 工作水11.heavy fuel oil 重油12.water transducer 水分传感器13.special tool 专用工具14.catalytic fine 催化粉末15.left - hand thread 左旋螺纹Lesson161.air compressor 空压机2.spring - loaded 弹簧加载3.non - return delivery valve 排出止回阀4.first - stage cooler 第一级冷却器6/ 95.centrifugal compressor 离心式压缩机6.axial compressor 轴向压缩机7.unloaded running 卸载运行8.automatic drain 自动放残9.buffer plate 缓冲片10.valve plate 阀片11.spring plate 弹簧片12.split pin 开口销13.castle nut 开槽螺母14.nut washer 螺母垫圈15.lift washer 升程垫圈16.damper plate 阻尼片17.valve seat 阀座18.foreign matter 杂质19.shaft seal 轴封20.stationary part 静止部件Lesson171.fresh water generator 造水机2.distillation process 蒸馏过程3.shell - and - tube type 壳管式4.plate type 板式5.vacuum distillation 真空蒸馏6.periodically unmanned engine room 定期无人机舱7.heating medium 加热介质8.titanium plate heat exchanger 钛板热交换器9.two - stage brine / air ejector 两级排盐/真空泵10.ejector pump 喷射器供水泵（海水泵）11.built - in fresh water pump 内置凝水泵12.feed water anti - scale chemical dosing unit 给水防结垢药剂添加装置13.evaporating temperature 蒸发温度14.solenoid valve 电磁阀15.dump valve 泄放阀Lesson181.hydraulic system 液压系统2.hydraulic motor 液压马达3.marine engineering 轮机工程4.linear motion 直线运动5.hydraulic energy 液压能6.swashplate type 倾斜盘7.prime mover 原动机8.kidney - shaped 腰形的9.variable capacity 变量10.fixed capacity 定量11.eccentric cam 偏心凸轮12.speed reduction gearbox 减速齿轮箱13.pressure control valve 压力控制阀14.reducing valve 减压阀15.pilot valve 导阀16.flow control valve 流量控制阀17.bleed - off flow control 溢流流量控制阀18.series flow control 串联流量控制阀19.sequence valve 顺序阀7/ 920.sliding spool type 滑阀型Lesson191.deck machinery 甲板机械2.hatch cover 舱口盖3.mooring equipment 绞缆设备4.winch barrel 绞缆卷筒5.warp end 卷缆端6.spur gear transmission 直齿轮传动7.split windlass 分离式锚机8.cable lifter 锚链轮9.cable locker 锚链舱10.anchor capstan 锚绞盘11.cargo winch 起货机12.hoisting motor 起升马达13.luffing motor 变幅马达14.slewing motor 回转马达15.mooring winch 绞缆机Lesson201.steering gear 舵机2.rudder stock 舵杆3.rudder angle 舵角4.steering wheel 舵轮5.rotary vane type 转叶式6.variable delivery pump 变量泵7.control spindle 控制杆8. a floating lever feedback mechanism 浮动杆反馈机构9.audible and visual alarm 声、光报警10.rudder angle indicator 舵角指示器Lesson211.magnetic field 磁场2.carbon brush 碳刷3.field coil 励磁线圈4.power factor 功率因数5.alternating current generator 交流发电机6.automatic voltage regulator 自动电压调节器7.squirrel cage motor 鼠笼式电机8. D . C . exciter 直流励磁机9.shaft - driven alternator 轴带发电机10.emergency generator 应急发电机Lesson221.parallel operation 并车操作2.reverse power protection 逆功率保护3.reverse current protection 逆电流保护4.in phase 同相5.anticlockwise rotation 逆时针转动6.incoming generator 待并机7.bus frequency 汇流排频率8.synchronizing lamp 同步指示灯9.space heater 空间加热器10.АСВ( Air Circuit Breaker ) 空气断路器Lesson231.electrical energy 电能8/ 92.main switchboard 主配电板3.section board 区域配电板4.distribution board 分配电板5.deadfront type 前段不带电式6.“ draw out ” circuit breaker “抽出式”断路器7.tripping device 脱扣装置8.frequency meter 频率表9.voltage transformer 变压器10.curent transformer 电流变送器11.bus bar 汇流排12.“ plug in ” contact 插入式触头13.mechanical interlock 机械联锁14.no - volt coil 失压线圈15.isolating switch 隔离开关Lesson241.Classification Society 船级社2.drip - proof 防滴的3.watertight enclosure 水密机壳4.lead - acid battery 铅酸蓄电池5.alkaline battery 碱性蓄电池6.induction motor 感应式电机7.synchronous motor 同步电机8.induced e . m . f . 感应电动势9.direct on - line starting 直接起动10.star delta starter 星形三角形起动器11.auto transformer 自耦变压器12.stator resistance 定子电阻13.single phasing protection device 缺相保护装置14.overload protection device 过载保护设备15.undervoltage protective device 欠压保护装置16.“ no volts ” protective device 失压保护装置17.insulation resistance 绝缘电阻18.electric shock 电击19.artificial respiration 人工呼吸20.non - conducting material 非导电材料9/ 9。

轮机英语1800字IntroductionMarine engineering or ship engineering is an essential part of the shipping industry. It includes the design, construction, installation, operation, and maintenance of the machinery and systems that propel and support ships. Marine engineers, also known as ship engineers, are trained professionals responsible for designing, building, and maintaining the ship's machinery and systems.The study of marine engineering and the operation of the ship engine room, involves a high degree of technical knowledge and skills. To successfully navigate this field, it is essential to have a solid understanding of the technical terms used in the field of marine engineering.The following article aims to provide an overview of some of the essential technical terms used in the field of marine engineering.1. Ship's MachineryThe ship's machinery consists of the main engine, auxiliary engines, and various systems that support the operation of the vessel. The main engine is the primary power source, while auxiliary engines are used for support activities such as generating electricity, pumping water, and operating hydraulic systems. The machinery also includes the boiler, which supplies steam for propulsion and power generation.2. Propulsion MachineryPropulsion machinery refers to the systems that generate and transmit power to drive the ship through the water. The propulsion system can be either mechanical or electrical. The mechanical propulsion system typically comprises of the main engine, reduction gear, and propeller.The electrical propulsion system, on the other hand, uses electric motors to drive the propeller. These motors are powered by the ship's generators, which convert the mechanical energy from the main engine into electrical energy.3. Engine RoomThe engine room is the space on the ship where the main and auxiliary engines, as well as other machinery, are located. This space is typically located below the main deck and is insulated to prevent heat transfer and minimize noise.To ensure the proper functioning of the machinery, the engine room is equipped with various systems that control the engine and maintain the optimal operating conditions. These systems include the lubrication system, cooling system, fuel system, and ventilation system.4. Lubrication SystemThe lubrication system is responsible for the smooth operation of the engine's moving parts. It supplies oil to the engine's bearings, cylinders, and other critical components to reduce friction and prevent wear and tear. Thesystem operates at high pressures and temperatures, making it essential to maintain the optimal oil level and pressure.5. Cooling SystemThe cooling system is responsible for maintaining the optimal operating temperature of the engine. It regulates the temperature by circulating water or coolant around the engine and radiating heat away from the system. The cooling system typically comprises the sea-water cooling system and freshwater cooling system.6. Fuel SystemThe fuel system supplies fuel to the engine and auxiliary engines. It includes the fuel storage tanks, fuel filters, fuel pumps, and fuel injection system. The system must be designed to prevent the ingress of water into the fuel, which can cause engine failure.7. Ventilation SystemThe ventilation system is responsible for circulating fresh air to all areas of the engine room. It ensures that the crew working in the engine room is not exposed to any hazardous gases or fumes that can cause respiratory problems.8. BoilerThe boiler is responsible for producing steam that drives the ship's turbine and generators. It works by heating water to a high temperature and pressure, converting it into steam. The steam is used to move the ship or generate electrical power.ConclusionMarine engineering and the operation of the ship engine room are complex and technical fields that require in-depth knowledge and expertise. Understanding the technical terms used in this field is essential to carry out the various tasks and responsibilities efficiently.The above list of technical terms provides an introductory overview of some of the essential concepts of marine engineering. A thorough understanding of each of these terms and their implications is essential to achieve success in this field.。

轮机英语- 轮机工程原理（英文版）Principles of Marine Engineering2010. 10ContentsContents (2)1 Main propulsion plant (篇标题) (3)1.1 Ships and machinery (章标题) (3)1.2 Diesel engine (9)1.3 Shaft and propellers (46)2 Marine auxiliary machinery (55)2.1 boilers (55)2.2 Pumps (55)2.3 Refrigeration, air conditioning and ventilation (55)2.4 Pollution prevention devices (55)2.5 Centrifugal separator and fresh water generator (55)2.6 Deck machinery (55)3 Electrical equipment and automatic control (56)3.1 Alternating current generators (56)3.2 Main switchboard and distribution system (56)3.3 Marine electrical equipment (56)3.4 Marine automatic control (56)4 Watch keeping and equipment operation (57)4.1 operation procedures (57)4.2 Safety operation (57)4.3 Stores and spare parts (57)4.4 Shipp repair and docking (57)4.5 Pollution prevention operation and Port State Control (57)5 International conventions and regulations (58)5.1 STCW (58)5.2 MAPROL (58)5.3 SOLAS (58)5.4 ISM (58)5.5 ISPS (58)6 Marine business writing (59)6.1 Engine log book (59)6.2 Repair list (59)6.3 Store order and spare parts requisition form (59)6.4 Accident report (59)6.5 Engineer’s reports, letters, faxes and emails (59)Index ............................................................................................................... 错误！未定义书签。

轮机英语新教材电⼦版Lesson18airconditioningsystem Lesson18 air conditioning systemShips travel the world and are therefore subject to various climatic conditons .the crew of the ship must be provided with reasonable conditions in wihich to work regardless of the weather.Temperture alone is not sufficent measure of condition acceptable to the human body. Relative humidity iin conjunction with temperature more truly determines the environment for human comfort .Relative humidity ,expressed as a percentage, is the ratio of the water vapour pressure in the air tested, to the saturated vapour pressure of air at the same temperature. The fact that less water can be absorbed as air is cooled and more can be absored when it is heated is the major consideration in air conditioning system design. Other factors are the nearness of heat sources, exposure to sunlight, sources of cold and the insulation provided around the space(Fig.18-1).An air conditioning system aims to provide a comfortable working environment regardless of outside conditions. Satisfactory air treatment must involve a relatively "closed" system where the air is circulated and returned. However, some air is "consume" by humans and some machinery so there is a requirement for renewal. Public rooms and accommodation will operate with a reduced percentage of air renewal since the conditionig cost of 100% renewal would be considerable.Air conditioning systems fall into two main classes: individual unit system, in which each room contains its own small refrigeration plant and fan and air cooler; and central systems, where larger refrigeration machinery unit are installed and their out put distributed about the ship by a variety of means.Self-contained units are noisier than central systems, require more maintenance and have been found to have a relatively short life (about 7 years).The single duct system only allows for adjustment of temperature in each room by the occupant manually controlling the air volume admitted. It is thus less flexible than any of the other systems, which allow individual temperature control, at least of sections of the ship if not individual rooms.With ducted systems, the modern tendency is to use "high velocity" in the air ducts with fans generating up to 2550 mbar(250 mm H2O) pressure compared to "low velocity" systems with fans generating up to 520 mbar(50mm H2O). This tendency helps installation as the size of ducts is reduced and prefabricated standard ducts can be used, but it incurs the heavier running costs of more powerful fans. Air terminals lined with sound insulation material are necessary to reduce the noise passing into the room with high velocity systems.In a typical marine pattern self-contained unit, air circulation is usually effected by means of a centrifugal fan, for quiet running, and a direct expansion cooler served by a hermetic compressor. Water cooled condensers are used. As these contain small water passages, choking develops rapidly with direct sea water circulation and a better method is to circulate with fresh water, itself cooled in a sea water/fresh water heat exchanger.Control is on/off by a thermostat sensing the temperature of air returning to the unit.The cooling coil of the central unit may be of the direct expansion, brine or chilled water cooled type.When cooling is by direct expansion, a separate steam heater coil is fitted in the unit for winter heating.With brine or water coolers, a central heater is used so that the same coil serves for summer or winter. Thermostatic control is provided sensing air delivery temperature itself, the temperature of the room, or the return air temperture.All types of thermostats are found in air conditioning systems, direct acting, pneumatic and electrical. In themselves, they are all satisfactory instruments, but the results they achieve are dependent on the correct sitting of their sensing elements. Even the site for a direct acting thermostst to control one single berth cabin must be chosen with care-if it is masked behind curtains, or too far away from the air inlet control will be too sluggish.The correct location for a thermostat to control a block of cabins is more difficult to find . One can pick on a "typical" cabin , but if the occupation opens his porthole he can upset the whole block. Another possibilility is to site the thermostat in the alleyway of the block of cabin . This position may be affected more by an open door or draguht in the alleyway tthan by the temperature of the cabins . Yet another possiblility is to site the thermostat in the recirculation grill is to close to an outside door , this position too can be affected by outside air temperature when the door is open ,rather than by cabin temperature. General operation of the air conditoning installationThe first enssential in operating the air cooling appliances through out the ship is to hhave all thermostats correctly set and correctly functioning . In extreme weather conditions , either hot or coold , control of the plant usually present few diffculties . The capacity of many installations is such that under tropical conditions nearly all control valves move to the full open position. Although automated control has been lost ,internal conditions are by and large acceptable.Control diffculties arise in intermediate weather conditions when there is a call for only a small amout of cooling. The worst case is when part of the ship,say inboard cabins against the engine room , require cooling and other parts ,say exposed upper cabins , require warming .For this intermediate condition,thermostats must be correctly set by trial and error. It is found that a uniform setting of say 21°C throughout the ship is not satisfactory ,but slight variations of a few degrees up or down are needed to suit particular regions of the ship. Unfortunately, these variations in thermostat setting are not always the same for the cooling and heating condition and frequent resetting may be needed for a ship repeatedly passing from cold to warm weather.The control problem is eased if the chilled brine (or water) of systems using chilled liquid circulation is held at about 13°C in the intermediate weather conditions and lowered progressively to about 5°C as tropical weather conditions are approached. When air cooling is in use it is good practice to keep all portholes, windows and doors shut. On passengerships, some public announcement requesting that this be done is worthwhile.A wise precaution for an engineer to take is to go through accommodation and public rooms periodically recording wet and dry bulb temperature. Keeping a log of these reading then serves to identify any malfunctioning of the installation as soon as it arises.The quantity of cooled air delivered by an air conditioning unit should bablance the sum of the quantity of the air recirculated to the quantity mechanically exhausted. The correct bablance between supply and exhaust fans should be checked periodically. Even with filters fitted ducts can become partially blocked can fan performance can fall off to upset the bablance.On older ships, temperature maintenance can be made easier by increasing the ratio of recirculated to fresh air. Most air conditioning units have dampers for adjusting this ratio and the effect of these can be extended after they have reached, full travel by partially blocking fresh air inlets. Care must be taken not to reduce the fresh air so that stuffiness or smells arise.Cleaning or renewal of filters is necessary at baout 3-monthly intervals, the time varying according to location on the ship. Disposable filters can be vacuum-cleaned so that in fact two or three "lives" are obtained before they need to be thrown away.In addition to normal mechanical attention, such as lubrication of bearings, and adjustment of fan belts and cleaning of motors, careful greasing of linkages of automatic controls is necessary.Cooled air ducts should be examined to see that the insulation vapour seal remains in good order. If a plastic film: vapour seal becomes damsged, condensation forms within the film. As well as making the insulation wet and ineffective, the condensation may become serious enough to cause drips and damp parches on ceilings.VentilationVentilation is the provision of a supply of fresh untreated air through a space. Natural ventilation occurs when changes in temperature or air density cause circulation in the space. Mechanical or forced ventilation uses fans for a positive movement of large quantities of air (Fig. 18-2).Natural ventilation is used for some small workshops and stores but is impractical for working areas where machinery is present or a number of people are employed.Forced ventilation may be used in cargo spaces where the movement of air removes moisture or avoids condensation, removes odors or gases,etc.The machinery space presents another area which requires ventilation. As a result of itslarge size and the fact that large volumes of air are consumed a treatment plant would be extremely costly to run. Ventilation is therefore provided the sufficient quantities for machinery air consumption and also to effect cooling. Several axial flow fans provide air through ducting to the various working platforms. The hot air rises in the centre and leaves through louvers or openings, usually in the funnel. The machinery control room, as a separate space, may well be arranged for air conditioning with an individual unit which draws air through trucking from the outside and exhausts back to the atmosphere.Notes1. Air conditioning systems fall into two main classes: individual unit system, in which each room contains its own small refrigeration plant and fan and air cooler; and central systems, where larger refrigeration machinery unit are installed and their out put distributed about the ship by a variety of means.空调系统分为两⼤类，独⽴空调系统和中央空调系统。

《轮机英语听力与会话（轮机长）》课程标准【课程名称】轮机英语听力与会话【英文名称】Marine Engineering English Listening and Speaking【课程类型】必修课、职业能力素质课【适用专业】轮机工程技术【总学时】70 学时（理论学时：66 机动学时：4）【前导课程】《大学英语阅读》、《大学英语听力》、《大学英语口语》1．课程性质轮机英语听力与会话是轮机工程技术专业学生的重要专业课之一。

学生在经过基础英语阶段的学习以后，通过本课程的学习，能够听懂并理解轮机工程专业所涉及的英文内容，掌握中心大意，理解其中重要关键信息；并且能够进行有效的面对面的口语沟通和交流。

发音基本准确，语言基本流畅，表意基本完整。

使学生达到教学计划中本课程所涉及的知识、能力与素质要求，基本掌握能够履行船舶轮机长职责足够的专业英语知识，满足《1978年海员培训，发证和值班标准国际公约》和95年修正案（简称STCW78/95公约）要求。

2．设计思路1）以职业能力培养为导向，开展练中学、练中教，教、学、练结合，理论讲授与语言应用练习交替互动的教学模式。

2）以课程目标和船舶轮机长岗位的真实工作任务作为选择课程内容的标准。

3）以高职学生的认知规律和职业技能培养目标作为课程内容模块化的依据来序化教学内容。

4）优化教学设计，充分利用教学资源，提高学生专业英语适岗适任能力，培养学生职业英语综合素质。

3．课程目标3.1 知识目标通过学习，使学生了解和掌握以下内容的专业英语：I。

公共用语1）日常用语2）日常对外业务用语3）船东面试时用语II。

机舱日常业务1）主机系统①轮机设备部件名称②主机燃油系统操作与管理③主机冷却水系统操作与管理④主机润滑油系统操作与管理⑤主机起动空气系统操作与管理⑥主机运行工况监测⑦主机换气、增压系统操作与管理⑧主机故障排除⑨主机维护保养⑩主机智能设备操作2）辅助设备①锅炉的操作与管理①发电柴油机的操作与管理①空调和制冷系统的操作与管理①空压机的操作与管理①造水机的操作与管理①分油机的操作与管理①油水分离器的操作与管理①焚烧炉的操作与管理①生活污水处理装置的操作与管理①舵机的操作与管理①压载水系统操作与管理①舱底水系统操作与管理①甲板机械的维护与管理①电气设备的操作与管理①电气设备的安全注意事项①消防水系统的操作与管理①生活日用水系统的操作与管理III。