《西方经济学(微观部分)》案例分析

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1《西方经济学（微观部分）》案例分析

黄德林收集整理

第一章导论····································································································································································4

案例1：为什么学习经济学：向经济学家那样思考···························································································4

案例2：观一叶可否知秋······································································································································6

案例3：经济学的研究主要方法——实证经济学与规范经济学········································································7

案例4：搭建经济学的大厦——数学分析··········································································································8

案例5：理性成就快乐：向经济学家那样思考···································································································8

案例6：微观经济学与宏观经济学····················································································································10

案例7：实证经济学与规范经济学····················································································································10

案例8：经济学与数学·······································································································································11

案例9：专题讨论：经济学的基本内容和分析框架·························································································11

第二章供求理论·························································································································································13

案例1：雪天的杂货店·······································································································································13

案例2：歌星的高收入合理吗····························································································································14

案例3：家电市场价格的变化····························································································································14

案例4：政府对鸡蛋的补贴弊端························································································································15

案例5：“旧帽换新帽律八折”····························································································································16

案例6：我国恩格尔系数的降低说明了什么·····································································································16

案例7：企业决策的重要依据····························································································································17

案例8：需求定理的一个重要的条件················································································································18

案例9：家电市场价格的变化····························································································································19

案例10：“是先有蛋还是先有鸡”······················································································································19

案例11：价格政策的利与弊······························································································································20

案例12：政府对鸡蛋的补贴弊端······················································································································21

案例13：牛奶为什么倒入下水道······················································································································21

案例14：“旧帽换新帽一律八折”······················································································································22

案例15：需求的收入弹性——企业与消费者必须面对的另一个问题····························································23

案例16：需求的交叉弹性——企业决策的重要依据·······················································································24

案例17：供给弹性——企业决策的另一重要依据···························································································25

案例18：蛛网理论应用——农民减少损失的依据···························································································25

案例19：专题讨论·············································································································································26

第三章效用理论·························································································································································27

案例1：是穷人幸福还是富人幸福····················································································································27

案例2：吃三个面包的感觉································································································································28

案例3：手机款式为什么变化这么快················································································································29

案例4：你所购买的东西值不值························································································································29

西方经济学(微观部分)总复习资料大全[1]

1 西方经济学（微观部分）复习

题型一、单选题（1×20）二、判断题（1.5×10）三、名词解释（4×3个）

四、简答题（7×4个）五、计算题（两题，共10分）六、论述题（15分）

第一章引论

资源稀缺：是个相对也是个绝对的概念

1.相对是指相对于人们无穷的欲望而言的，清心寡欲就没有稀缺。

2.绝对是指在任何社会和时代资源都存在稀缺，无处不在，无时不有。

稀缺的资源如何进行合理配置

——选择，选择包括以下三个问题：

1.生产什么、生产多少？（产品）即满足需求————效用最大化

2.如何生产？（生产要素组合）即制造供给————利润最大化

3.为谁生产？（分配）即产品分配————福利最大化

以上构成微观经济学的内容。

经济学——经济学是研究人们如何配置和利用相对稀缺的资源来最大限度地满足人们无穷欲望的一门科学。

第二章需求、供给、弹性

需求与需求量的定义

1、需求量——消费者在某一价格下愿意并且能够购买的某种商品的数量。

2、需求——是指消费者在一定的时期内，在每一个价格水平上愿意并且能够购买的某种商品的数量。 2

影响需求的因素（5个）

1.商品自身的价格。P↑→Q ↓

2.消费者偏好：

3.消费者收入

正常商品：收入↑→需求↑

低档商品：收入↑→需求↓（注意：吉芬商品是低档商品中的生活必需品）

4、相关商品的价格变化对需求的影响

替代品（substitutes）：两种商品可以互相代替满足同一种欲望。PX↑→QY ↑

互补品（complements）：两种商品共同满足一种欲望；必须一起使用的两种商品。 PX↑→QY ↓

5.价格预期

需求曲线（线性、曲线）

需求定理（包括例外：吉芬商品、炫耀性商品）

需求量的变动与需求的变动

需求量的变动：同一需求曲线上点的移动。变动原因：商品本身价格。

需求的变动：需求曲线本身的移动。变动原因：商品本身价格以外的所有其它因素。

高鸿业《西方经济学(微观部分)》(第6版)课后习题详解(第6章完全竞争市场)

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课后习题详解

跨考网独家整理最全经济学考研真题，经济学考研课后习题解析资料库，您可以在这里查阅历年经济学考研真题，经济学考研课后习题，经济学考研参考书等内容，更有跨考考研历年辅导的经济学学哥学姐的经济学考研经验，从前辈中获得的经验对初学者来说是宝贵的财富，这或许能帮你少走弯路，躲开一些陷阱。

以下内容为跨考网独家整理，如您还需更多考研资料，可选择经济学一对一在线咨询进行咨询。

1．假定某完全竞争市场的需求函数和供给函数分别为224DP，42SP。求：

（1）该市场的均衡价格和均衡数量。

（2）单个完全竞争厂商的需求函数。

解：（1）根据市场均衡条件DS，有：

22442PP

解得：均衡价格*3P，均衡数量*10Q。

即该市场的均衡价格为3，均衡数量为10。

（2）完全竞争市场中，单个厂商的需求曲线是由市场的均衡价格决定的，故单个厂商的需求函数是3P。

2．请区分完全竞争市场条件下，单个厂商的需求曲线、单个消费者的需求曲线以及市场的需求曲线。

答：（1）在完全竞争市场上，由于厂商是既定市场价格的接受者，所以，完全竞争厂商的需求曲线是一条由既定市场价格水平出发的水平线。水平的需求曲线意味着：厂商只能被动地接受给定的市场价格，且厂商既不会也没有必要去改变这一价格水平。厂商的需求曲线是价格水平线，也是平均收益线和边际收益线。

（2）单个消费者的需求曲线一般总是向右下方倾斜的，表示商品的需求量和价格之间成反方向变动的关系。需求曲线上与每一价格水平相对应的商品需求量都是可以给消费者带来最大效用的均衡数量。

（3）市场的需求曲线是单个消费者的需求曲线的水平加总，所以，如同单个消费者的需求曲线一样，市场需求曲线一般也是向右下方倾斜的。市场需求曲线上的每个点都表示在相应的价格水平下可以给全体消费者带来最大的效用水平或满足程度的市场需求量。

高鸿业教授主编的国家级重点教材《西方经济学》学习指南(微观部分)含教学辅导和习题解答

前言

本书与教育部组编、中国人民大学高鸿业教授主编的国家级重点教材《西方经济学》（包括宏、微观部分)配套使用。每一章均有两部分内容：学习指导与习题解答.学习指导包括各章的学习目的、学习要求和学习方法、内容要点和基本概念等内容，针对性强，主要帮助学生从总体上把握教材内容；习题解答包括各章的判断正误并解释原因、选择正确答案、计算、分析讨论等形式,这里有的是对教材中每一章后面的“复习与思考"题做的解答，还有的是对不脱离教材知识基础上的重要问题的解答，对学生加深、巩固所学知识和准备考试有很大帮助.另外，本书有一个最大的特色，我们在本书的开始，设了一个名为“学习提速"的部分，用图示、图表、文字说明等各种形式总结和概括了教材的整个体系，各章的重点难点,将各章的知识点连接起来。这些对帮助学生更好的学习西方经济学非常有利.

本书由山东财政学院西方经济学教研室的部分教师集体完成,本书是我们长期教学实践经验的结晶。我们在长期的西方经济学的教学实践中，总结出了非常好的学习西方经济学的方法,在此汇集成册，以期能对学习西方经济学的读者有所帮助.

本书是为适应高等学校的学生学习西方经济学的需要，也是为适应高校开设西方经济学的教学需要而编写的，将作为教师讲授西方经济学的参考书，更是学生学习西方经济学的辅助用书。由于我们水平有限，书中难免有不当之处,敬请读者批评指正。

学习提速…………………………………………………………………………………………1

学习提速之微观部分………………………………………………………………………

学习提速之宏观部分………………………………………………………………………

上篇微观经济学

第一章引论……………………………………………………………………………………

·学习指导…………………………………………………………………………………

·习题解答…………………………………………………………………………………