高中英语词性变化和词性转换
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高中英语词性转换变化及其构词法。
一定程度扩充词汇一 . 转化:指由一种词性转化为另一种词性的构词形式。
1. 名词转化为动词:book (n 书— v 预定);seat (n 座位— v 使就位;落座);water (n 水— v 浇水);shoulder (n 肩膀— v 负责任)2. 动词转化为名词:try (v 尝试— n 尝试);look (v 看— n 表情);swim (v 游泳— n 游泳);dream (v 做梦— n 梦)3. 形容词转化为动词:dirty (adj 脏的— v 弄脏);slow (adj 慢的— v 放慢;减慢);right (adj 正确的— v 纠正);dry (adj 干的— v 变干);free (adj 自由的— v 解放;使自由);wrong (adj 错误的— v 弄错;受委屈)4. 形容词转化为名词:dear (adj 昂贵的— n 喜欢的人/ 物);quiet (adj 寂静的— n 寂静);total (adj 全部的— n 总数)5. 其它词类的转化情况:Our classroom faces south. (south:n 南方;南面— adv 向南;朝南)6. 当英语词汇转化时,转化后的词的读音常有变化。
二 . 合成:指由两个或两个以上本身有独立含义的词合在一起组成一个有具体意义的新词的构词形式。
1. 合成形容词的常见构词形式:⑴数词+ 名词a five - year plan (五年计划);first-class products (一级品);second-hand goods (二手货);a four-word (四字成语)⑵数词+ 名词+ed a three - legged bench (三条腿的登子);a one - eyed camel (一只眼的骆驼)⑶数词+ 名词+ 形容词a 20-year-old lady (一位(一位20 岁的女士);a 1,000-metre-long bridge (一座1000 米长的桥)⑷名词+ 现在分词peace-loving (热爱和平的);meat-eating (食肉的);English-speaking (说英语的);history-making (创造历史的)⑸名词+ 过去分词heart-broken (伤心的);man-made (人造的);state-owned (国有的);water-covered (被水覆盖的)⑹形容词+ 名词+ed absent-minded (漫不经心的);blue-eyed (蓝眼睛的);good-tempered (好脾气的);kind-hearted (和善的)⑺形容词+ 现在分词bad-looking (相貌丑陋的);fine-sounding (动听的);easy-going (容易相处的)⑻形容词+ 名词short-term (短期的);part-time (兼职的);high-class (高级的);large-scale (大规模的)⑼副词+ 现在分词hard-working (努力工作的);far-reaching (深远的);ever-lasting (永恒的)⑽副词+ 过去分词well-developed (高度发达的);well-known (著名的);well-trained (训练有素的)⑾其他构词形式的合成形容词all-round (全面的);face-to-face (面对面的);thank-you (感谢的);out-of-date (过时的)2. 合成名词的常见构成形式:①名词+ 名词silkworm (蚕);footprint (脚印);newspaper (报纸);glasshouse (温室);bedroom (卧室)②名词+ 动名词handwriting (书法);sun-bathing (日光浴);sight-seeing (观光)③形容词+ 名词shorthand (速记);hotline (热线);blackboard (黑板)④动名词+ 名词waiting-room (候车室);sleeping-pill (安眠药);writing-desk (写字台);reading-room (阅览室)⑤动词+ 名词pickpocket (扒手);post office (邮局);playground (操场);break-water (防波堤)⑥动词+ 副词get-together (联欢会);break-through (突破);take-off (起飞);lookout (岗哨)⑦副词+ 动词downfall (垮台);overthrow (推翻);outbreak (爆发);income (收入;所得)⑧其他构成形式的合成名词well-being (福利);good-for-nothing (无用之人);by-product (副产品);touch-me-not (含羞草);self-improvement (自我完善);self-criticism (自我批评)注意:合成词如果出现复数形式时通常在其后加-s 或-es ,如by-products,reading-rooms,但应特别注意:passers-by,lookers-on 等词语是在其表达该词中心含义的词上加-s 或-es . 3. 合成动词及其他合成词类:overthrow (推翻);sleep-walk (梦游);undergo (经历);everything (一切);furthermore (而且);forever (永远);maybe (也许)三.派生:指由一个词根加上前缀和(或)后缀构成另一个词的构词形式。
高中英语常用词词性转换及衍生本文将介绍高中英语中常用词的词性转换和衍生。
1. 名词转动词名词可以通过添加动词后缀或使用动词形式来转换为动词。
- 后缀转换:将名词后面加上动词后缀,如:-ize, -ize, -ify。
例如:- "Terror" (名词) --> "Terrorize" (动词)- "Logic" (名词) --> "Logicize" (动词)- 动词形式转换:使用名词的动词形式来表示动作。
例如:- "Happy" (形容词) --> "Happiness" (名词) --> "Make someone happy" (动词)2. 动词转名词动词可以通过添加名词后缀或使用名词形式来转换为名词。
- 后缀转换:将动词后面加上名词后缀,如:-tion, -ance, -ment。
例如:- "Perform" (动词) --> "Performance" (名词)- "Accept" (动词) --> "Acceptance" (名词)- 名词形式转换:使用动词的名词形式来表示状态或动作。
例如:- "Love" (动词) --> "Love" (名词) --> "Find love" (名词)3. 形容词转副词形容词可以通过添加副词后缀或使用副词形式来转换为副词。
- 后缀转换:将形容词后面加上副词后缀,如:-ly。
例如:- "Quick" (形容词) --> "Quickly" (副词)- "Easy" (形容词) --> "Easily" (副词)- 副词形式转换:使用形容词的副词形式来表示方式或程度。
高考英语词汇词性转换原题目:高考英语词汇词性转换一、名词转动词:1. ability(能力)→ able(能够)2. beauty(美)→ beautify(美化)3. danger(危险)→ endanger(危害)4. hope(希望)→ hope(希冀)5. music(音乐)→ musical(音乐的)6. nature(自然)→ natural(自然的)7. poison(毒药)→ poison(毒害)8. sport(运动)→ sport(进行体育运动)二、形容词转副词:1. absolute(绝对的)→ absolutely(绝对地)2. creative(创造性的)→ creatively(有创造性地)3. important(重要的)→ importantly(重要地)4. quick(快速的)→ quickly(快速地)5. simple(简单的)→ simply(简单地)6. slow(缓慢的)→ slowly(缓慢地)三、动词转名词:1. believe(相信)→ belief()2. contribute(贡献)→ c ontribution(贡献)3. help(帮助)→ help(帮助)4. learn(研究)→ learning(研究)5. improve(改善)→ improvement(改善)6. play(玩)→ play(戏剧)7. read(阅读)→ reading(阅读)四、其他词性转换:1. adjust(调整)→ adjustment(调整)2. decide(决定)→ decision(决定)3. possible(可能的)→ possibility(可能性)4. society(社会)→ social(社会的)5. year(年)→ yearly(每年的)以上是一些高考英语常见的词汇词性转换,希望对您有所帮助。
(注:以上内容仅根据常见规则进行转换,可能存在特殊情况不适用,文档内容不保证准确性。
高考英语备考词性转换之形容词和名词转换形容词和名词相互转化的一些规律及常见例词:1.英语中很多以—t直接结尾的形容词变名词时把-t变成 -ce。
常见例词:important —- importance different ——difference confident -— confidencepatient —— patience distant —- distance silent -- silence absent —- absence特例: difficult -- difficulty honest —— honesty frequent —— frequency urgent -- urgency2.有些名词加—y 变成形容词常见例词: rain —— rainy wind -— windy cloud —- cloudy sun -— sunny易混变化: health —- healthy wealth —- wealthy thirst -- thirsty luck —— luckytaste —— tasty noise -— noisy anger —— angry hunger -— hungry3.有些名词加—al 变成形容词常见例词:nation -— national education -— educational tradition -— traditionalemotion -- emotional intention ——intentional profession —- professional易错词:nature -— natural globe –– global4.有些名词加-ful变成形容词常见例词:care -- careful success––successful use —- useful power -- powerfulpeace —- peaceful wonder ——wonderful help —- helpful faith -— faithful thank -— thankful beauty—— beautiful meaning -— meaningful5.个别名词加—ous 变成形容词常见例词: danger —— dangerous courage -— courageous humor -- humorousfame —- famous6.有些名词加—ly变成成形容词常见例词: day -— daily month —- monthly week -- weekly year —- yearlyfriend -— friendly order -- orderly time —- timely love -- lovely7.有些名词加—ish变成形容词常见例词:fool —— foolish self —— selfish boy -— boyishchild -- childish8.有些动词加 -able 变成形容词常见例词: rely —— reliable comfort —- comfortable value —— valuableadvise -— advisable accept -- acceptable access -- accessible一些没有规律的名词和形容词转化词:benefit —— beneficial face —— facial freedom -—free wisdom -- wisecuriosity -- curious safety -- safe warmth —— warm truth —— truedepth -— deep length —— long poverty —— poor bravery —— braveshortage-- short pride -— proud energy -— energetic reward —- rewardingambition —- ambitious caution —-cautious talent —- talented gift —— giftedtruth – true pride – proud 等。
英语二轮复习专题(二)词性及词形转换——名词,形容词,副词,动词其一:词性转换一·名词变形容词1名词+y (或双写最后一个字母+y, 或去掉e+y)anger 生气---angry hunger---hungry fog—foggy有雾的fur----furry 毛皮的guilt 罪恶---guilty 内疚的health---healthy luck---lucky cloud---cloudy wind—windy rain---rainy snow---snowy sun—sunny tourist------touristy 游客多的salt 盐-- salty 咸的shine---shiny 发亮的silk —silky 丝绸般的sleep---sleepy 昏昏欲睡的taste 口味------tasty 甜的,可口的2.名词+ edbalance –balanced spot 斑点,地点----spotted 有斑点的talent---talented 有天赋的organ组织---organized 有组织的3.名词+ ful/lessmeaning—meaningful/meaningless 有意义的;无意义的use---useless/ useful care—careful/ careless 小心的;粗心的help---helpful / helpless thank—thankful home—homeless 无家可归的colour---colourfulpain 疼痛---painful 痛苦的peace -- peaceful4.名词+ ableadjustable 可调整的comfort---comfortable舒服的knowledge---knowledgeable suit -----suitable 合适的5.名词+ ousenormous 巨大的danger—dangerousmystery 神秘-----mysterious 神秘的6.ce 变 tconfidence----confident difference---different importance---important7. al 结尾medicine 药----medical 医学的music---musical nature---natural 自然的person---personal (私人的) nation—national 国家education-educational有教育意义的tradition----traditional 传统的origin起源---original 原始的,独创的8.名词+ ly (这些都是ly结尾的形容词,不是副词)friend—friendly live---lively 活跃的,love—lovely 可爱的(注意:是adj,不是adv)9.+ en 结尾wood—wooden 木制的wool—woolen 羊毛的*方位的词表达名词—形容词East—eastern东方的West—western西方的South—southern North---northernIn the west of China In the western part of China四大洲名词-----形容词Asia 亚洲–---- Asian Africa 非洲----- African Europe 欧洲----- European America 美洲-----American10. 其他energy精力---energetic fool 傻子—foolish 愚蠢的freedom 自由—free 空的,免费的height 高度—high illness 疾病--- ill love—loving 慈爱的death---dead pleasure---pleasant / pleasedpopularity 流行性—popularpride---proud scientist----scientific 科学的二·形容词变副词1.形容词+ lybright—brightly 明亮地casual—casually 随意地clear—clearly 清楚地complete—completely 完全correct---correctly 正确地final--finally fortunate—fortunately幸运地general—generally 一般来讲loud—loudly particular 特殊的,独特的—particularly polite—politely main------mainly 主要地2. 以le 结尾的去e + ycomfortable---comfortably gentle—gentlypossible---possibly simple ----simply 仅仅;只;简单地terrible---terribly3. 辅音字母+ y (变y为i+ly)easy—easily heavy—heavily happy--happily4.特殊good—well好地;well 身体健康的,水井*既是形容词又是副词(填空练习:在横线上填上例句中词汇的词性,如:adj; adv)early get up early ;____ an early train____late be late for class ;___ come late for school____ deep dive deep into the sea ;____ a deep hole_____ high jump high;______ a high mountain________ hard (坚硬的,刻苦的) a hard(意思是:___) question_____;a hard stone_______ ;work hard / study hard;___rain hard(意思______词性_____) long It takes too long ;_____It takes a long time_______far jump far ___My home is far from school _____ straight a straight line;_____go straight along here____ 三·动词变名词一、1.v+ ment 结尾achieve---achievement advertise--advertisement// advertising agree—(in )agreement apart------apartment 公寓amusement 娱乐argue---argument争吵commit奉献—commitment compliment 称赞,恭维develop---development disagree—disagreement2.V+ tion或ion 结尾attract吸引—attraction(s) conclude—conclusion 结论compete—competition 竞争,比赛discuss—discussion 讨论educate-----education describe—description描写,描绘suggest-建议,暗示-suggestion solve解决-solution 解决方法 3.V+ ance 结尾appear—appearance 外,出现perform--performance 演出4.V+ ing 结尾bathe 洗澡---bathing end 结束----ending 结尾,结局train 训练---training mean---meaning 意义say-----saying 谚语5.V+ 其他Beg(乞讨)—beggar 乞丐behave 行为,举止----behavior know---knowledge fly—flight 飞行heat 加热---heat 热量hit 撞击------hit 轰动一时的人或物,碰撞mix 混合-----mixture 混合物press 按,压—pressure 压力sit-----seat 座位succeed-- successtour 在-----旅游,在-----作巡回演出直接+地点,如:tour China ---tourism旅游/ tourist 游客其二·词形变化除了上述词性转换,一个单词的词形还可以通过以下方式来发生改变(顺便词性或词义也发生了变化):一·名词的单复数变形1.规则的可数名词的复数变化:1).一般情况加s :book-- books mouth---mouths house---houses girl---girls2).以s 、sh 、ch 、x结尾的加es :class--- classes box----boxes match----matches3).辅音字母+ y结尾的变y为i加es:city---cities country----countries party----parties factory----factories 4).以o 结尾的词+es的只有以下词:heroes Negroes;tomatoes;potatoes5) .以f,fe 结尾的变f或fe为v +es :thief wife life knife wolf half leaf2. 不规则的变化1).man—men, woman—women, tooth—teeth, foot—feet, goose—geese , child—children, mouse—mice, phenomenon---phenomena, crisis---crises; criterion---criteria 2).单复数相同: sheep, deer, fish, Chinese, Japanese , Swiss, craft, means, series, species3).以man, woman 修饰名词构成合成词时,两个词都变化.a man servant—three men servants 但boy与girl不要变化a girl student---three girl students4) 合成词的单数变复数,一般在词尾加-s/-es,如有名词作为中心词,则加在该名词后。
新人教版必修二词性转换总结1.create→creativity→creative→creatively→creation→creator (v.→n.→adj.→adv.→n.→n.(人)) 创造→创造性→富有创造力的→创造性地说→创造物→创造者2.preserve→preservation→preserved (v.→n.→adj.)保护,保存→保护,保存→可保存的,防腐的3.promote→promotion→promotional (v.→n.→adj.) 促进,促销→促进,推广→促销的;增进的4.apply→application(app)→applicant (v.→n.→n.(人)) 申请,应用→申请,应用软件→申请者5.balance→balanced (n./v.→adj.) 平衡→平衡的6.propose→proposal (v.→n.) 提议→建议7.like→likely (prep/v.→adj./adv.) 像,喜欢→可能的/地8.establish→establishment (v.→n.) 建立,创立9.limit→limited→limitless (n./v.→adj.→adj.)限制→有限的→无限的10.contribute→contribution (v.→n.)贡献→贡献11.investigate→investigation(v.→n.)调查→调查12.conduct→conduction→conductor(v./n.→n.→n.(人)) 组织,安排,传导→传导→指挥,售票员13.appear→appearance→disappear→disappearance(v.→n.→反v.→n.)出现→出现→消失→消失14.profession→professional→professor(n.→adj./n.→n.(人))职业→专业的,专业人员→专家15.enter→entrance(v.→n.) 进入→入口16.forgive→forgiveness(v.→n.)原谅→原谅17.digit→digital(n.→adj.) 数字→数字的18.quality→qualify→qualified(n.→v.→adj.) 质量→达到标准,使有资格→有资格的19.tradition→traditional(n.→adj.)传统→传统的20.far→further→furthest(adj.→比较级→最高级)远的→更进一步→最大程度21.history→historic (n.→adj.)历史→历史(性)的;有历史记载的pare→comparison→comparative (v.→n.→adj.)比较→比较,对照→相对的23.identity→identify(n.→v.) 身份→确认24.post→poster→postman (v.→n.→n.(人))发布→海报→邮递员25.legal→legally→illegal→illegally(adj.→adv.→反adj.→adv.)合法的→合法地→非法的→非法地26.hunt→hunter (v.→n.(人))打猎→猎人27.immediate→immediately(adj.→adv.) 即刻的→立刻28.alarm→alarming→alarmed(v./n.→adj.→adj.)惊恐/警报→令人震惊的→担心害怕的29.rate→rating (n./v.→n.)速度/划分等级→等级,级别30.extinct→extinction (adj.→n.) 已灭绝的→灭绝31.aware→awareness (adj.→n.) 有……意识的→意识32.danger→endanger→dangerous→endangered (n.→v.→adj.→adj.) 危险→使遭危险;危及→危险的→濒临灭绝的33.concern→concerned→concerning (v.→adj.→prep.)关心,涉及→关注的,忧虑的→有关的34.live→lively→living→alive(v.→adj.→adj.→adj.) 居住→活跃的→居住的→活着的35.press→pressure (v.→n.)按压→压力36.reserve→reservation(v./n.→n.) 保留,保护区→预定37.observe→observation(v.→n.)观察,遵守→观察38.beauty→beautify→beautiful→beautifully (n.→v.→adj.→adv.)美→美化→美丽的→美丽地39.effect→effective→effectively→efficiency (n.→adj.→adv.→n.)效果→有效的→有效地→有效性40.recover→recovery(v.→n.) 康复→恢复41.remove→removal→remover(v.→n.→n.(人))开除,移开→免职,搬迁→搬运工42.intend→intention(打算,计划→意图,打算)43.threat→threaten(v.→n.)威胁44.exist→existence (v.→n.) 存在,生存45.harmony→harmonious(n.→adj.) 和谐→和谐的46.reduce→reduction(v.→n.)减少47.neighbor→neighborhood(adj.→n.) 临近的→附近48.emotion→emotional(n.→adj.) 感情→感情的ual→usually→unusual(adj.→adv.→反adj.) 通常的→通常地→不寻常的50.blog→blogger(n/v.→n.(人))博客,写博客→博主51.chat→chatting(n/v.→现在分词)闲聊52.convenient→convenience→inconvenient→inconvenience(adj.→n.反adj.→n.)方便的→方便→不方便的→不方便53.stick→stuck(v→adj.) 粘住→卡住的54.benefit→beneficial (n./v.→adj.)好处,获益→有好处的55.distance→distant(n.→adj.) 远方→距离远的56.inspire→inspiring→inspired→inspiration(v.→adj.→adj.→n.)激励,启发→鼓舞人心的→受到鼓舞的→激励,灵感57.access→accessible(n./v.→adj.) 通道/进入→可进入的58.tough→toughly (adj.→adv.)坚强的,坚固的,艰难的→坚强地,能吃苦耐劳地,固执地59.function→functional(n./v.→adj.) 功能,起作用→功能的60.account→accountable→accountant(n./v.→adj.→n.(人)) 账目,解释→有责任的→会计61.theft→thief(n.→n.(人))偷窃→小偷62.rude→rudely→rudeness(adj.→adv.→n.)粗鲁的→粗鲁地→粗鲁63.particular→particularly(adj.→adv.) 特定的→特别地64.embarrass→embarrassing→embarrassed→embarrassment (v.→adj.→adj.→n.)使尴尬→令人尴尬的→感到尴尬的→尴尬65.upset→upsetting (v./adj.→adj.) 打翻,难过的→令人心烦意乱的66.define→definition(v.→n.)阐明;限定;给……下定义→定义,释义67.puzzle→puzzling→puzzled(v.→adj.→adj.) 使迷惑→令人迷惑的→感到迷惑的68.defend→defence(v.→n.)防御,保卫69.surround→surrounding→surroundings(v.→adj.→n.) 包围→周围的→环境70.evident→evidence (adj.→n.)明显的→证据,证明71.achieve→achievement (v.→n.) 完成→成就72.locate→located→location (v→adj.→n.)确定……的位置→位于的→位置73.announce→announcement→announcer(v.→n.→n.(人)) 广播,宣布→通告,启事→广播员74.approach→approaching (v./n.→adj.) 接近,方法→接近的75.sure→ensure(adj.→v.)肯定的→确保76.generous→generously→generosity (adj.→adv.→n.)慷慨的→慷慨地→慷慨77.eager→eagerly→eagerness (adj.→adv.→n.)热切的,盼望的→渴望地,热切地→渴望,热心,热切78.poet→poem→poetry(n.→n.(人)→n.)诗歌-诗人→诗集79.greet→greeting(v.→n.)打招呼→问候80.crowd→crowded→uncrowded(n./v.→adj.→反adj.)人群,挤满→拥挤的→不拥挤的81.energy→energetic(n.→adj.)能源→积极的82.perform→performance→performer(v.→n.→n.(人))表现→表现→表演者83.able→enable→ability→unable(adj.→v.→n.→反adj.)有能力的→使有能力→能力→没有能力的84.origin→original→originally(n.→adj./n.→adv.) 起源→最初的,原稿→起初85.phenomenon→phenomena(n.单数→n.复数)现象86.gradual→gradually (adj.→adv.)逐渐的→逐渐地87.capable→capability (adj.→n.) 有能力的→能力88.relief→relieve (n.→v.) (痛苦或焦虑)减轻或消除,解脱→解除,缓解89.absorb→absorbing absorbed (v.→adj.→adj.)吸收,理解,吸引→吸引人的→专心的90.employ→employer→employee→employment→unemployment→employed(v.→n.(人)→n.(人)→n.→反n.→adj.)雇佣→雇主→雇员→雇佣→失业率→未被雇佣的91.aim→aimless(n/v→adj.)目标→无目标的92.equip→equipment→equipped(v.→n.→adj.)装备→装备→配备有的93.talent→talented(n.→adj.)天才→有天赋的94.assume→assumption(v.→n.)假设→假设95.add→addition (v.→n.)加→加法96.treat→treatment(v/n.→n.)对待,招待,处理→治疗,对待,乐趣97.satisfy→satisfactory→satisfied→satisfaction(v.→adj.→adj.→n.) 使满意→令人满意的→感到满意→满意98.vary→various→variety (v.→adj.→n.)变异,变化→各种各样的→种类的99.repeat→repetition(v.→n.) 重复→重复100.react→reaction (v.→n.) 作出反应→反应(能力),反对。
高考英语词性转换知识点精编版1.名词转动词名词转动词的方法一般有以下几种:1) 加-ing:常见的词性转换方式就是将名词加上-ing后即可转换为动词,表示正在进行的动作或状态。
例如:truth(名词,真理)→truth-ing(动词,查找真相)2) 加-ize或-ify:有些名词在转换为动词时需要添加-ize或-ify 后缀。
例如:apology(名词,道歉)→apologize(动词,道歉);beauty(名词,美丽)→beautify(动词,美化)3) 加-ize变化:有些名词转动词时直接加-ize后缀。
例如:organize(名词,组织)→organize(动词,组织)2.形容词转副词形容词转副词的方法一般有以下几种:1) 加-ly:常见的词性转换方式就是将形容词加上-ly后即可转换为副词。
例如:quick(形容词,快的)→quickly(副词,快速地)2) 不加后缀:有些形容词可以直接转换为副词,不需要添加后缀。
例如:fast(形容词,快的)→fast(副词,快速地)3.动词转名词动词转名词的方法一般有以下几种:1) 加-ing:常见的词性转换方式就是将动词加上-ing后即可转换为名词,表示该动作的状态或结果。
例如:paint(动词,绘画)→painting(名词,绘画)2) 加-er:有些动词转换为名词时需要添加-er后缀,表示该动词的展现者或从事者。
例如:teach(动词,教)→teacher(名词,教师)3) 加-ion或-ment:有些动词转换为名词时需要添加-ion或-ment后缀。
例如:inform(动词,通知)→information(名词,信息)4.形容词转名词形容词转名词的方法一般有以下几种:1) 加-ness:常见的词性转换方式就是将形容词加上-ness后即可转换为名词,表示该形容词的性质或状态。
例如:kind(形容词,友善的)→kindness(名词,友善)2) 不加后缀:有些形容词可以直接转换为名词,不需要添加后缀。
英语中词性之间转换的规律总结,掌握了它逢考必过展开全文词性之间的转换词性之间的转换,大致可以分为三种类型:一、形容词变为副词的方法:1.一些以“辅音字母+ y”结尾的形容词,要把y改为I再加-ly。
例如:Happy→happily, angry→angrily, luck→luckily, noisy→noisily 等。
2.有些以-ble或-le结尾的形容词,去掉e之后加-y。
例如:possible→possibly, terrible→terribly等。
3.大多数以e 结尾的形容词直接加-ly构成副词。
例如:polite→politely, wide→widely等。
少数以e结尾的形容词,要去掉e再加-ly。
例如:true→truly等。
注意:以l结尾的形容词变为副词时仍然要在词尾加-ly,而不是只加-ly。
除非是以-ll结构的单词才只在词尾加-ly。
例如:careful→carefully, useful→usefully, full→fully等。
二、动词变为名词的三种方式:1.词形不变,词性改变。
例如:work, study, water, plant等词既可以用作动词,也可以用作名词。
2.一些动词在词尾加上-er或-or之后就变成了表示“某一类人”的名词。
例如:work→worker, teach→teacher, run→runner, invent→inventor, visit→visitor等。
3、在动词词尾加-ing变成名词。
例如:shop→shopping, swim→swimming, write→writing, build→building等。
三、名词变为形容词的七种方式:1.在名词后面加y,可以变成形容词。
例如:rain→rainy, luck→lucky, sun→sunny, fun→funny, noise→noisy, ice→icy等。
2.一些抽象名词在词尾加-ful变为形容词。
高中词汇3500中全部特殊变化形式汇总-词性转换题目:高中词汇3500中全部特殊变化形式汇总-词性转换高中词汇3500是高中英语词汇的重要组成部分,掌握这些词汇的词性转换是英语学习中必不可少的一部分。
本文将对高中词汇3500中的全部特殊变化形式进行汇总,并通过例句的方式进行解释,帮助读者更好地掌握这些词汇的用法。
一、名词形式转换为动词形式1. Accident (n.) - Accidentally (adv.)事故 - 偶然地例句:He accidentally knocked over a glass of water and spilled it on the table.他偶然打翻了一杯水,把它洒在桌子上。
2. Change (n.) - Change (v.)变化 - 改变例句:She decided to change her hairstyle for a fresh look.她决定改变发型,以求一种新鲜的形象。
3. Education (n.) - Educate (v.)教育 - 教育例句:Parents should educate their children about the importance of honesty.父母应该教育孩子懂得诚实的重要性。
二、动词形式转换为名词形式1. Decide (v.) - Decision (n.)决定 - 决定例句:After much consideration, she finally made thedecision to study abroad.经过深思熟虑,她最终决定出国留学。
2. Excite (v.) - Excitement (n.)激动 - 兴奋例句:The children couldn't hide their excitement when they saw the presents under the Christmas tree.孩子们看到圣诞树下的礼物时,高兴得无法掩饰。
高中英语必考内容之英语单词词性转换的基本规律动词(v.)→名词(n.)(a)词形不变,词性改变例如:work, study, water, plant等可以用作动词(工作,学习,浇水,种植),也可以用作名词(工作,学习,水,植物).(b)一些动词在词尾加上-er或-or之后就变成了表示''某一类人''的名词例如:work—worker, teach—teacher, sing—singer,jump—jumper, play—player, learn—learner,visit—visitor, invent—inventor,collect—collector等.注意:1)以不发音的e结尾的动词,在词尾加-r.例如:drive—driver, write—writer等.2)以重读闭音节结尾,且末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词,应双写末尾的辅音字母,再加-er例如:run—runner, win—winner,begin—beginner等.(c)在动词词尾加上-ment 变成名词例如:achieve—achievement (成就)advertise—advertisement//advertising(广告)agree—agreement disgree—disagreementamuse—amusement (娱乐) improve—improvement(争吵)commit(奉献)—commitment develop—development (发展) depart—department (局,部) govern(统治)—government(政府) manage—management (管理) equip—equipment (装备)有些单词比较特殊,需把动词后的e去掉再加ment.例如:argue—argument(争论)(d)在动词词尾加上-(t)ion/(s)ion变成名词例如: attract—attraction; instruct—instruction;invent—invention discuss—discussion;express—expression educate—education;graduate—graduation; operate—operation (去e再加''ion'') compete—competition; organize—organization (把e改成其他字母再加''tion'')decide—decision conclude—conclusion (把de改为s再加''ion'')describe—description描写,描绘 (这是特例,不规则变化)(e)在动词词尾加上-ance变成名词例如: appear—appearance (外貌;出现)perform—performance (演出)accept—acceptance (接受)(f)在动词词尾加-ing变成名词 (方法与动词变为现在分词的方法相同)例如:meet—meeting build—building wait—waitingbathe—bathing say—saying(谚语) mean—meaningend —ending train —training wash—washing注意:以重读闭音节结尾,且末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词,应双写末尾的辅音字母,再加-ing如:swim—swimming shop—shopping begin—beginning(g)其他一些比较特殊的变化例如: Beg(乞讨)—beggar(乞丐) behave(行为举止)—behavior know(知道)—knowledge(知识) fly—flight (飞行)heat (加热)—heat(热量) hit (撞击)—hit( 轰动一时的人或物,碰撞) mix (混合)—mixture(混合物) press(按,压)—pressure(压力)sit(坐)—seat (座位) succeed—success(成功)tour—tour(旅游)/ tourist (游客)2.动词(v.)→形容词(adj.)(a)动词后面加able,以e结尾的动词则去e加able,表示具有此性质,特点或属性.例如: afford-affordable;love-lovable(b)动词后面加ed,以e结尾的动词则直接加d,表示被动性的属性或特点.例如: scatter-scattered use-used(c)不规则的动词则必须记忆,记住其过去分词形式.规律不大,意义同(b).3.名词(n.)→形容词(adj.)(a)在名词后面加-y可以变成形容词(尤其是一些与天气有关的名词)例如: rain—rainy, cloud—cloudy, wind—windy, snow—snowy, health—healthy, luck—lucky,anger—angry guilt—guilty(内疚的)tourist—touristy(游客多的) , salt (盐)—salty (咸的)silk(丝绸)—silky(丝绸般的), sleep—sleepy (昏昏欲睡的)注意:1)如果以重读闭音节结尾,且词尾只有一个辅音字母,这时应双写辅音字母再加''-y''.如: sun—sunny, fun—funny, fog—foggy(有雾的), fur—furry(毛皮的)2)少数以不发音的e结尾的名词变为形容词时,应去掉e再加''-y''.如: noise—noisy, ice—icy, shine—shiny(发亮的), taste(口味)—tasty(甜的)(b)名词后面加-ed,以e结尾的直接加d.例如: spot(斑点)—spotted(有斑点的); talent—talented (有天赋的)organize—organized 有组织的; balance—balanced(平衡的)(c)一些抽象名词在词尾加-ful可以变为形容词例如:care—careful, thank—thankful, help—helpful,use—useful, meaning—meaningful(d)在名词后加-less构成含有否定意义的形容词例如:care—careless(粗心的), use—useless(无用的)hope—hopeless(没希望的),home—homeless(无家可归的)(e)一些以-ce结尾的名词,把-ce改为-t变成形容词例如: difference—different, silence—silent, confidence—confident(f).在名词后加-ly变为形容词例如: friend—friendly, love—lovely, live---lively(g).在名词后加-ous变为形容词例如: danger—dangerous(h)名词后面加-al变为形容词例如: music—musical; medicine—medical (这个比较特殊)(i)名词后面加-able变为形容词,如果以e结尾就去e再加''-able''.例如: adjust—adjustable 可调整的 value—valuable有价值的(j)名词后面加-en变成形容词例如: wood—wooden 木制的 wool—woolen 羊毛的(k)一些表示国家的名词可以在词尾加-ese, -ish或-n构成表示国籍,语言的形容词例如:China—Chinese, Japan—Japanese, England—English, America—American, India—Indian, Australia —Australian(注意Canada—Canadian)4..形容词(adj.)→副词(adv.)▲一般在形容词的词尾加-ly可以变成副词例如: quick—quickly, slow—slowly, loud—loudly, sudden—suddenly 等但是,以下几点值得注意:(a) 一些以''辅音字母+y''结尾的形容词,要把y改为i再加-ly例如: happy—happily, angry—angrily, lucky—luckily, heavy—heavily, noisy—noisily(b) 有些以-ble或-le结尾的形容词,去掉e加-y例如:possible—possibly, terrible—terribly(c)少数以e结尾的形容词,要去掉e再加-ly例如: true—truly但绝大多数以e结尾的形容词仍然直接加-ly 例如: polite—politely, wide—widely(d)以-l结尾的形容词变为副词时要在词尾加-ly,以-ll结尾的才在词尾只加-y.例如: usual—usually, careful—carefully, useful—usefullyfull—fully (以-ll结尾的才只加y)OK,以上就是英语单词词性变化的一般规律,希望对大家有所帮助PS:有些同学可能对元音辅音以及重读闭音节不是很了解,那我在这里再做下补充说明.1.英语26个字母中,a e i o u是元音字母, y是半元音字母, 其余都是辅音字母.★所谓半元音就是有时候做元音,有时候做辅音.半元音字母y做元音有: shy,sky做辅音比如最简单的:yes2.开音节和闭音节开音节分两种:绝对开音节和相对开音节绝对开音节指的是''元音字母结尾''的音节 (例如 we, hi等)相对开音节是指''辅音字母-元音字母-辅音字母-不发音的e''的音节,(r除外). ( 例如,take,make等)比如:take (在这个单词中,t是辅音,a是元音,k是辅音,e是不发音的元音)◆在开音节中, 元音字母发他们在字母表中的音闭音节, 则是指''辅音字母-元音字母-辅音字母''的音节 ( -al等除外) (例如:leg,cross等)◆在闭音节中,元音字母发不同的音a e i o u例 sat let sit not nut (试着读下这些单词,这些单词中,元音发的音都不是它们在字母表中发的音)2.英语重读闭音节就是以辅音因素结尾的,而且是重读音节的音节.比如apple 划音节就因该是ap/ple 前面那个ap是一个音节,这个音节以辅音因素p结尾,所以就是闭音节.(仅仅能看出是闭音节,是不是重读闭音节还要看这个音节是不是重读的)重读闭音节三要素:1. 必须是重读音节;2. 最后只有一个辅音字母;3.元音字母发短元音 ( 说通俗点,打个比方, /u/是短元音,/u:/是长元音)重读闭音节即两个辅音中间夹一个元音.如:sit---sitting begin---beginning(重读在gin这个音节上)●像travel这个单词,''vel''也是''辅音+元音+辅音''的结构,但是重音不在vel这个音节上,所以不用双写''l'',可以为travelled,也可以是traveled,更常用的是后者.。
、合成有两个或两个以上的词合成的一个词。
如: 合成名词、合成形容词、合成副词等。
fire + man firemangood+looking - good-lookingany+time - anytime一、派生1、前缀: 加前缀通常改变词义反义词:un: healthy---unhealthy usual---unusualhappy---unhappydis: honest---dishonest appear---disappearlike---dislike cover---discoverim: possible---impossiblein: dependent independent一、派生1、前缀: 加前缀通常改变词义反义词:un: healthy---unhealthy usual---unusualhappy---unhappydis: honest---dishonest appear---disappearlike---dislike cover---discoverim: possible---impossiblein: dependent independent2、后缀: 加后缀一般改变词性(1)名词后缀:-er: manage —manager, own---owner, record---recorder report---reporter, teach---teacher, wait---waiter win winner, work---worker , write---writer--or: visit---visitor , act---actor, invent---inventor-ress: wait---waitress, act---actress-(t)ion: invent —invention, pollute---pollution,attract —attraction, suggest---suggestioncollect---collection, locate---location,operate---operation, protect---protectionsolve---solution, add---addition2、后缀: 加后缀一般改变词性(1)名词后缀:-ation: invite---invitation, organize---organization-(s)ion: discuss---discussion, decide---decision-ment: develop---development, amuse —amusement advertise---advertisement-ce: enter---entrance-ing: meet---meeting, paint---painting, say---saying begin---beginning, build---building2、后缀: 加后缀一般改变词性(2)名词+ist ; er 变成表示人的名词-ist: science--scientist, art —artist, tour —tourist -er: farm---farmer, engine---engineer, law---lawyer (3)形容词+ness, ty,ity, th, ce, dom 变成名词-ness: kind —kindness, ill —illness;-ty: safe —safety, difficult—difficulty, honest —honesty-ly: love — lovely, friend —friendly,-ity: electric —electricity, nationalactive — activity, able —ability-th: true — truth, long —length-ce:different —difference, important —importance-dom: free —freedom, wise —wisdom,(2) 动词后缀 :1. 名词 +ize 变成动词 :-ize: memory---memorize2. 形容词 +en 变成动词 :wide — widen(3) . 形容词后缀 :1. 名词 +ed, ful, y, ly, ive, al, cal, en, (i)an 变成形容词 -ed: age —aged, wound —wounded-ful: power —powerful, care —careful, use — useful success —successful, wonder —wonderful-y: wind —windy, rain —rainy, cloud — cloudysnow —snowy, sun —sunny, luck — luckynoise —noisy, health — healthy, fun —funny,—nationality,-ive: act —active-al: education —educational, office —official,nation —national, nature —natural, person —personal,tradition —traditional, physical —physical-cal: history —historical, chemistry —chemical,medicine —medical-en: gold —golden, wood —wooden-(i)an: Australia —Australian, Canada —CanadianItaly —Italian, America —American(4)名词+less 变成形容词, 有相反的意思-less: home —homeless, care —careless, help —helpless life —lifeless, use —useless;动词+ful, able, ive 变成形容词:-ful: forget —forgetful, help —helpful, thank —thankful-able: avail —available, enjoy —enjoyable, change—changeable,-ive: attract —attractive动词+ed, ing 变成形容词-ed: wound —wounded, fry —fried, please —pleased, surprise surprised, interest —interested,excite —excited-ing: amuse —amusing, interest —interestingsurprise —surprising, excite--exciting(4)副词后缀:形容词+y, ly 变副词-y: gentle —gently, possible —possibly-ly: accurate —accurately, angry —angrily,beautiful —beautifully, general —generally,—luckily, clear —clearly, complete —completely, final —finallyluckyloud —loudly, main —mainly,quick —quickly, quiet —quietly, real —really, recent —recently, usual —usually, safe —safely slow —slowly, serious—seriously, soft —softlywide —widely, true —truly, careful —carefully,happy—happily, heavy —heavily,immediate--immediately(5)基数词后缀:-teen : four —fourteen, five —fifteen, ⋯-ty: three —thirty, eight —eighty,(6)序数词后缀:-th: five-fifth, six---sixth, nineteen —nineteenth, ninety-ninetieth, nine —ninth特别注意:one—first —firstly —once two—second—secondly--twice1、make a phone call call me later2、change her idea---offer me some changes3、clean our classroom---keep our classroom clean4、be sunny and clear---clear the street5、cook food a chief cook6、get a thorough check---check our homework7、correct our mistakes---a correct answer8、keep us cool---cool the milk9、in the dark---dark brownfrom a desire to become rich---desire happinessleave early early morningon my other hand hand me his booka hard apple work hardhurry to school in a hurrylook like have a look at work late at a late hour---be late for process our problem ---a long process water flowers---enough water weak light light enough for me to liftwalk straight a straight linesome books---book a hotel break the rules have a breaka bright boy a pair of bright eyesa book in a case deal with a case10、11、12、13、14、15、16、17、 18、 19、20、 21、 22、 23、24、25、catch the bus---catch the thief —catch a cold---catch what yousaid26、live in the country work for our country27、walk through the crowd be crowded with28、my dear---a dear earring29、my experiences in England b e full of experience30、I don 't know if ⋯,////If it rains, ⋯.31、run fast run a restaurant32、happen to do / happen on Friday33、manage to do sth./ manage a company34、the rest of time / have a rest35、be present a meeting g ive me a present at present36、still live there ------------- keep still/stay still still taller37、take away---take notes---take a pill---take a bus It takes sb. some time to do ⋯-take photos38、look after patients be patient to students39、Yes, I will. Will you ⋯.. ----- a strong willWhen there is a will, there is a way.40、by train t rain us to be excellentones41、get along/on with sb. get along /on with our work42、go ahead , you 'll find a school on your right. - May I ask you a question? Go ahead.43、go in for = take part in go in for = be fond of44、our plane will take off take off your coat45、look up at the Oriental Pearl TV Tower= look up a word in the dictionary46、run/ be out of food walk out of the classroom47、put on my coat---put on my glasses put on a play48、take place= be held; take place= happen。
高中英语词性转换规律归纳1、动词变名词1.v+ ment 结尾achieve ——achievement 成就advertise ——advertisement 广告agree ——agreement 同意amuse——amusement 娱乐commit ——commitment 承诺,奉献develop ——development 发展disagree ——disagreement 不赞同equip 装备——equipment 装备,器材govern 统治——government 政府manage——management 经营,管理argue ——argument 争吵2.V+ ion 结尾attract ——attraction 吸引discuss ——discussion 讨论express ——-expression 词语;表达instruct ——instruction 用法说明invent——invention 发明predict ——prediction 预言impress ——impression 印象suggest ——suggestion 建议,暗示educate ——education 教育graduate ——graduation 毕业operate ——operation 操作,动手术illustrate ——illustration 阐明,举例说明pollute ——pollution 污染introduce ——introduction 介绍organize ——organization组织imagine ——imagination 想象力inspire——inspiration 灵感,鼓舞人心的事invite ——invitation 邀请compete ——competition 竞争,比赛pronounce ——pronunciation发音admit ——admission 承认permit ——permission 允许conclude ——conclusion 结论decide ——decision 决定describe ——description描写,描绘resolve ——resolution 决心solve ——solution 解决方法3.V+ ance 结尾allow ——allowance 允许appear ——appearance 外貌,出现perform ——performance 演出exist ——existence 存在4.V+ ing 结尾end ——ending 结尾,结局train ——training训练mean ——meaning 意义say——saying 谚语remind ——reminding提醒bathe ——bathing沐浴5.词尾加-er或-or后变成表示“某一类人”的名词work——worker 工人teach——teacher老师sing——singer 歌手jump——jumper跳高运动员play——player表演者、运动员learn——learner 学习者visit——visitor访问者invent——inventor发明家6.V+ 其他beg——beggar 乞丐sit——seat 座位believe ——belief 信仰behave ——behavior 行为know——knowledge 知识fly——flight 飞行mix ——mixture 混合物press ——pressure 压力serve ——service 服务succeed ——success 成功pursue ——pursuit 追求,从事propose ——proposal 建议withdraw ——withdrawal 取钱;收回;撤退survive ——survival--survivor 幸存者arrive ——arrival到达analyze ——analysis 分析2、形容词变名词1.词尾ent改为ency或enceefficient有效率的——efficiency 效率patient——patience/impatience 耐性/无耐心dependent——dependence依赖性independent——independence 独立性urgent——urgency 紧急2.ble结尾,ble改为bilitypossible——possibility 可能responsible——responsibility 责任;职责3.其他accurate——accuracy 准确性prosperous——prosperity 繁荣true——truth 真相wide——width 宽度long——length 长度high——height 高度3、名词/动词变形容词1.名词+yguilt 罪恶——guilty 内疚的health——healthy 健康的luck——lucky 幸运的cloud——cloudy 多云的wind—windy 多风的rain——rainy 多雨的snow——snowy 多雪的tourist ——touristy 游客多的er结尾,改er为ry hunger——hungry 饥饿的anger ——angry 生气的fog——foggy 有雾的sun——sunny 阳关灿烂的fur——furry 毛皮的shine——shiny 发亮的taste ——tasty 美味的2. 名词/动词+ ed以辅音+辅音结尾的单词,直接加edtalent ——talented 有天赋的offend ——offended 生气的crowd ——crowded 拥挤的以元音字母e结尾的单词直接加dbalance ——balanced 平衡的organize——organized 有组织的pollute ——polluted 被污染的please ——pleased 高兴的元音加辅音结尾的单词,词尾辅音双写再加edspot ——spotted 有斑点的3.名词+ ful/lesscare ——careful/ careless 小心的/ 粗心的help——helpful / helpless 有帮助的/ 无助的use——useful/ useless有用的/ 无用的meaning ——meaningful / meaningless有意义的/无意义的colour——colourful /colourless多彩的/无色的pain 疼痛——painful /painless痛苦的/ 不痛的thank——thankful / thankless 充满感激的/ 不知感恩的peace 和平——peaceful 和平的play游戏——playful 爱玩耍的home ——homeless 无家可归的4.名词/动词+ ablechange ——changeable 易变的adjust——adjustable 可调整的comfort——comfortable 舒适的knowledge——knowledgeable 知识渊博的suit ——suitable 合适的动词以辅音加y结尾把y变i 加able ,deny——deniable 可否认的rely——reliable 可靠的5.名词+ ouscourage——courageous 勇敢的danger——dangerous 危险的以y结尾,改y为i再加ousmystery 神秘——mysterious 神秘的6.ce 变tconfidence——confident 自信的difference——different 不同的dependence ——dependent 依赖他人的independence——independent 独立的7.词尾加aladdition——additional 附加的,额外的music——musical 音乐的person——personal (私人的) nation——national 国家的education——educational有教育意义的tradition——traditional 传统的origin起源——original 新颖的;独创的以元音字母e 结尾的单词,去掉词尾元音加al nature——natural 自然的globe——global 全球的特例:class——classical 经典的medicine 药——medical 医学的grammar——grammatical 语法的8.名词+ lyfriend——friendly 友好的live——lively 活跃的,有生气的love——lovely 可爱的week——weekly 每周的man——manly 男子气概的;强壮的9.词尾+ enwood——wooden 木制的wool——woolen 羊毛的10. 表示方位的词East——easternWest——westernSouth——southernNorth——northern11.四大洲Asia 亚洲——AsianAfrica 非洲——AfricanEurope欧洲——EuropeanAmerica 美洲——American12. 其他energy精力——energetic 精力充沛的strategy——strategic 战略的scientist——scientific 科学的fool 傻子——foolish 愚蠢的love——loving 慈爱的pleasure——pleasant令人愉快的/ pleased高兴的pride——proud 自豪的4、形容词变动词1.词尾加ize modern——modernize 使...现代化social——socialize 使...社会化2.词尾加enfast——fasten 使固定;集中于short——shorten 缩短wide——widen 放宽less——lessen 使...减少特例(有变形):long——lengthen 使延长strong ——strengthen 加强;巩固3.词前加enlarge ——enlarge 扩大;放大5、形容词变副词1.形容词+ lybad——badly 坏地bright——brightly 明亮地casual——casually 随意地clear——clearly 清楚地complete——completely 完全correct——correctly 正确地final——finally 最后fortunate——fortunately幸运地general——generally 一般来讲loud——loudly 大声地particular ——particularly特别地polite——politely 礼貌地proper ——properly适当地main——mainly 主要地most ——mostly 多半,大多数normal——normally 正常地quick——quickly 迅速地quiet——quietly 轻轻地,安静地real——really 真正地recent ——recently 最近;近来sad——sadly 悲哀地slow——slowly 缓慢地special——specially 专门,特殊地specific——specifically 特定地,明确地strong——strongly 坚决地,强烈地sudden——suddenly突然usual——usually 通常2. 以le 结尾的,去e + y comfortable——comfortably 舒服地gentle——gently 温柔地possible——possibly 可能地simple——simply 仅仅;只;简单地terrible——terribly 非常;极度地3. 辅音字母+ y 变y为ily easy——easily 容易地heavy——heavily 沉重地happy——happily 快乐地4.特殊good——well好地true——truly 真实地。
高中英语词性转换在英语学习中,词性转换是一种常见的语言现象。
这种语言现象在英语词汇中非常普遍,而且在高中英语学习中尤为重要。
了解和掌握词性转换可以帮助我们更好地理解英语词汇的含义和用法,提高语言运用能力。
一、词性转换的定义词性转换是指一个单词在不同的语境中拥有不同的词性。
例如,“book”可以是名词“书”,也可以是动词“预定”。
这种语言现象在英语中非常普遍,需要学生在学习中认真掌握。
二、高中英语词性转换的类型1、名词转换为动词:例如,“answer”可以是名词“答案”,也可以是动词“回答”。
2、形容词转换为动词:例如,“slow”可以是形容词“慢的”,也可以是动词“减慢”。
3、动词转换为名词:例如,“work”可以是动词“工作”,也可以是名词“工作”。
4、形容词转换为名词:例如,“beautiful”可以是形容词“美丽的”,也可以是名词“美人”。
5、副词转换为名词:例如,“now”可以是副词“现在”,也可以是名词“现在”。
三、如何掌握高中英语词性转换1、掌握基本词汇:掌握基本词汇的含义和用法是学习词性转换的基础。
学生应该认真学习英语词汇的基本含义和用法,了解不同词性的单词之间的和区别。
2、学会分析语境:在阅读英语文章时,学生应该学会分析语境,判断单词的词性。
通过上下文理解单词的含义和用法,可以帮助学生更好地掌握词性转换。
3、练习使用词汇:学生可以通过练习使用词汇,加深对词性转换的理解。
例如,在写作中尝试使用不同的词性形式表达相同的含义,或者在口语中尝试使用不同的词性形式表达自己的意思。
4、参考语法书籍:参考语法书籍可以帮助学生更系统地了解词性转换的规则和用法。
通过阅读语法书籍,学生可以更好地掌握英语词汇的词性转换,提高语言运用能力。
高中英语词性转换是英语学习的重要内容之一。
学生应该认真掌握基本词汇的含义和用法,学会分析语境,练习使用词汇,并参考语法书籍加深对词性转换的理解。
通过不断的学习和实践,可以提高学生的语言运用能力,更好地掌握英语这门语言。
一、合成有两个或两个以上的词合成的一个词。
如:合成名词、合成形容词、合成副词等。
fire + man ----firemangood+looking -----good-lookingany+time ----anytime一、派生1、前缀:加前缀通常改变词义反义词:un: healthy---unhealthy usual---unusualhappy---unhappydis: honest---dishonest appear---disappearlike---dislike cover---discoverim: possible---impossiblein: dependent ----independent一、派生1、前缀:加前缀通常改变词义反义词:un: healthy---unhealthy usual---unusualhappy---unhappydis: honest---dishonest appear---disappearlike---dislike cover---discoverim: possible---impossiblein: dependent ----independent2、后缀:加后缀一般改变词性(1)名词后缀:-er: manage—manager, own---owner, record---recorder report---reporter, teach---teacher, wait---waiterwin----winner, work---worker , write---writer--or: visit---visitor , act---actor, invent---inventor -ress: wait---waitress, act---actress-(t)ion: invent—invention, pollute---pollution, attract—attraction, suggest---suggestioncollect---collection, locate---location,operate---operation, protect---protectionsolve---solution, add---addition2、后缀:加后缀一般改变词性(1)名词后缀:-ation: invite---invitation, organize---organization-(s)ion: discuss---discussion, decide---decision-ment: develop---development, amuse—amusementadvertise---advertisement-ce: enter---entrance-ing: meet---meeting, paint---painting, say---saying begin---beginning, build---building2、后缀:加后缀一般改变词性(2)名词+ist ; er变成表示人的名词-ist: science--scientist, art—artist, tour—tourist-er: farm---farmer, engine---engineer, law---lawyer(3)形容词+ness, ty,ity, th, ce, dom变成名词-ness: kind—kindness, ill—illness;-ty: safe—safety, difficult—difficulty, honest—honesty-ity: electric—electricity, national—nationality,active—activity, able—ability-th: true—truth, long—length-ce:different—difference, important—importance-dom: free—freedom, wise—wisdom,(2) 动词后缀:1.名词+ize变成动词:-ize: memory---memorize2. 形容词+en 变成动词:wide—widen(3). 形容词后缀:1.名词+ed, ful, y, ly, ive, al, cal, en, (i)an变成形容词-ed: age—aged, wound—wounded-ful: power—powerful, care—careful, use—useful success—successful, wonder—wonderful-y: wind—windy, rain—rainy, cloud—cloudysnow—snowy, sun—sunny, luck—luckynoise—noisy, health—healthy, fun—funny,-ly: love—lovely, friend—friendly,-ive: act—active-al: education—educational, office—official, nation—national, nature—natural, person—personal, tradition—traditional, physical—physical-cal: history—historical, chemistry—chemical, medicine—medical-en: gold—golden, wood—wooden-(i)an: Australia—Australian, Canada—Canadian Italy—Italian, America—American(4)名词+less 变成形容词,有相反的意思-less: home—homeless, care—careless, help—helpless life—lifeless, use—useless;动词+ful, able, ive变成形容词:-ful: forget—forgetful, help—helpful, thank—thankful -able: avail—available, enjoy—enjoyable, change—changeable,-ive: attract—attractive动词+ed, ing变成形容词-ed: wound—wounded, fry—fried, please—pleased, surprise—surprised, interest—interested,excite—excited-ing: amuse—amusing, interest—interestingsurprise—surprising, excite--exciting(4)副词后缀:形容词+y, ly 变副词-y: gentle—gently, possible—possibly-ly: accurate—accurately, angry—angrily,beautiful—beautifully, general—generally,clear—clearly, complete—completely, final—finally lucky—luckily, loud—loudly, main—mainly,quick—quickly, quiet—quietly, real—really,recent—recently, usual—usually, safe—safelyslow—slowly, serious—seriously, soft—softlywide—widely, true—truly, careful—carefully,happy—happily, heavy—heavily,immediate--immediately(5)基数词后缀:-teen : four—fourteen, five—fifteen, …-ty: three—thirty, eight—eighty,(6) 序数词后缀:-th: five-fifth, six---sixth, nineteen—nineteenth, ninety-ninetieth, nine—ninth特别注意:one—first—firstly—oncetwo—second—secondly--twice1、make a phone call-----call me later2、change her idea---offer me some changes3、clean our classroom---keep our classroom clean4、be sunny and clear---clear the street5、cook food----a chief cook6、get a thorough check---check our homework7、correct our mistakes---a correct answer8、keep us cool---cool the milk9、in the dark---dark brown10、from a desire to become rich---desire happiness11、leave early-----early morning12、on my other hand----hand me his book13、a hard apple----work hard14、hurry to school ----in a hurry15、look like ----have a look at16、work late ----at a late hour---be late for17、process our problem ---a long process18、water flowers---enough water19、weak light----light enough for me to lift20、walk straight----a straight line21、some books---book a hotel22、break the rules----have a break23、a bright boy----a pair of bright eyes24、a book in a case----deal with a case25、catch the bus---catch the thief—catch a cold---catch what you said26、live in the country----work for our country27、walk through the crowd----be crowded with28、my dear---a dear earring29、my experiences in England----be full of experience30、I don’t know if…,////If it rains,….31、run fast----run a restaurant32、happen to do / happen on Friday33、manage to do sth./ manage a company34、the rest of time / have a rest35、be present a meeting----give me a present----at present36、still live there-----keep still/stay still----still taller37、take away---take notes---take a pill---take a bus----It takes sb. some time to do…-----take photos38、look after patients-----be patient to students39、Yes, I will.-----Will you…..------a strong willWhen there is a will, there is a way.40、by train----train us to be excellent ones41、get along/on with sb. ----- get along /on with our work42、go ahead , you’ll find a school on your right.-----May I ask you a question? Go ahead.43、go in for = take part in------go in for = be fond of44、our plane will take off-------take off your coat45、look up at the Oriental Pearl TV Tower= look up a word in the dictionary46、run/ be out of food--------walk out of the classroom47、put on my coat---put on my glasses----put on a play48、take place= be held; take place= happen。
人教版高中英语必修一-必修四英语词性变化-CAL-FENGHAI.-(YICAI)-Company One1高考必修1-必修4单词词性转换高一必修一单词短语Unit1一、单词词性1.ignore vt.不理睬;忽视→ignorance n.愚昧→ignorant adj.无知的;粗鲁的2.concern vt. & n.(使)担忧;涉及;关系到;担心;关注;(利害)关系→concerned adj.担忧的→concerning prep.关于3.power n.能力;力量;权力→powerful adj.有权势的4.settle vi.安家;定居;停留vt.使安居;安排;解决→settled adj.→settlement n.安居;定居5.suffer vt. &vt.遭受;忍受;经历→suffering n.痛苦;折磨6.recover vi. &vt.痊愈;恢复;重新获得→recovery n.痊愈7.exactly adv.确实如此;正是;确切地→exact adj.精确的8.disagree vi.不同意→disagreement n.→agree 反义词9.outdoor adj.户外的;室外的→outdoors adv.在户外;在野外n.野外;郊外→indoors adv.在室内;进入户内10.entire adj.整个的;完全的;全部的→entirely adv.完全地;全然地;整个地11.dust n.灰尘→dusty adj.积满灰尘的Unit2一、单词词性1.official adj.官方的;正式的;公务的→office n.办公室→officer n.官员3.native adj.本国的;本地的 n.本地人;本国人4.actually adv.实际上;事实上5.base vt.以……为根据n.基部;基地;基础→basic adj.基本的;基础的6.gradual adj.逐渐的,逐步的→gradually adv.逐渐地,逐步地7.identity n.本身;本体;身份→identical adj.相同的,一样的→identify v.确定;认出;鉴定8.fluent adj.流利的;流畅的→fluently adv.流利地,流畅地→fluency n.流利,流畅9.frequent adj.频繁的;常见的→frequently adv.常常;频繁地→frequency n.频率;频度10.usage n.使用;用法;词语惯用法→useful adj.有用的→use n. & v.使用,利用12.request n.& vt.请求;要求13.expression n.词语;表示;表达→express v.表达→expressive adj.富于表情的;有表现力的14.recognize vt.辨认出;承认;公认→recognizable adj.容易认出的;易于识别的→recognition n.认出;认识;识别15.base vt.以……为根据 n.基部;基地;基础→basic ad j.基本的;基础的→basis n.基础;基本原则16.spell v.拼写;拼成→spelling n.拼写;拼法17.latter adj.较后的;后半的;后者的→former adj.(反义词)前者的→later adv.(形近词)更迟的;后来;随后Unit3一、单词词性1.journal n.日记;杂志;定期刊物→journalist n.记者2.transport n. & vt.运输;运送→transportation n.交通工具3.prefer vt.更喜欢;选择某事物(而不选择其他事物)→preferable adj.较适合的;更可取的→preference n.偏爱;爱好;喜爱4.disadvantage n.不利条件;不便之处→advantage(反义词)5.persuade vt.说服;劝说→persuasion n.劝服→persuasive adj.劝说的;有说服力的6.graduate vi.毕业n.大学毕业生→graduation n.毕业7.organize vt.组织;成立→organized adj.有组织的→organization n.组织8.determine vt.决定;确定;下定决心→determined adj.坚决的;有决心的→determination n.决心9.cycle vi.骑自行车→cyclist n.骑自行车的人10.rely vi.依靠;信赖→reliable adj.可信赖的;可靠的Unit4一、单词词性1.burst vi.爆裂;爆发 n.突然破裂,爆发 burst-burst-burst2.nation n.民族;国家;国民→national adj.国家的,民族的→nationality n.国籍3.suffering n.苦难;痛苦→suffer v.受苦,遭受4.extreme adj.极度的→extremely adv.5.injure vt.损害;伤害→injured adj.受伤的→injury n.伤害,损害6.useless adj.无用的;无效的;无益的→useful(反义词)→use v. & n.使用,利用7.electricity n.电;电流;电学→electric adj.用电的;带电的;发电的→electrical adj.与电有关的;电学的8.frighten vt.使惊吓;吓唬→frightened adj.受惊的;受恐吓的→frightening adj.令人恐惧的9.judge n.裁判员;法官 vt.断定;判断;判决→judgement n.判断,判决10.express vt.表示;表达n.快车;速递→expression n.表达→expressive adj.有表现力的11.dirt n.污垢;泥土→dirty adj.脏的;肮脏的12.shock n.休克;震惊;打击vt.& vi.( 使)震惊;震动→shocked adj.震惊的→shocking adj.令人震惊的13.rescue n.&vt.援救;营救→rescuer n.救援者14.frighten vt.使惊吓;吓唬→frightened adj.受惊的;受恐吓的→frightening adj.令人恐惧的15.congratulate v.祝贺→congratulation n.祝贺;(复数)贺词Unit5一、单词词性1.active adj.积极的;活跃的→actively adv.积极地→activity n.活动2.devote vt.(与to连用)献身;专心于→devoted adj.忠实的,深爱的→devotion n.奉献3.found vt.建立;建设4.peaceful adj.和平的;平静的;安宁的→peace n.和平5.legal adj.法律的;依照法律的→illegal(反义词)6.hopeful adj.怀有希望的;有希望的→hopeless(反义词)→hope n. & v.希望7.youth n.青年;青年时期8.violence n.暴力;暴行→violent adj.猛烈的,凶暴的9.equal adj.相等的,平等的→equally adv.相等地→equality n.同等,平等10.willing adj.乐意的;自愿的11.educate vt.教育;训练→educated adj.受过教育的;有教养的→education n.教育12.relative n.亲戚;亲属→relation n.关系→relationship n.关系13.terror n.恐怖;可怕的人;恐怖时期;恐怖活动→terrorism n.恐怖主义→terrorist n.恐怖分子14.generous adj.慷慨的;大方的→generously adv.慷慨地;宽大地;丰盛地→generosity n.慷慨;大方;宽宏大量15.self n.自我;自身→selfish adj.自私的→selfless adj.无私的;忘我的→selflessly adv.无私地;忘我地16.guide n.指南;向导;导游vt.引导;带领→guidance n.指导;领导17.legal adj.法律的;依照法律的→illegal adj.非法的;违法的18.equal adj.相等的;平等的→equally adv.相等地;平等地;公平地→equality n.平等;相等19.will n.意志;决心;意愿;遗嘱→willing adj.乐意的;自愿的→unwilling adj.不愿意的;不情愿的20.cruel adj.残酷的;残忍的→cruelly adv.残酷地→cruelty n.残忍;残酷必修二单词词性及短语归纳Unit1一、单词词性1.valuable adj.贵重的;有价值的→value n.价值 v.估价→invaluable adj.无法估价的,无价的2.survive vi.幸免;;生幸存还→survivor n.幸存者→survival n.幸存,存活3.amaze vt.使吃惊;惊讶→amazing adj.令人吃惊的→amazed adj.感到吃惊的→amazement n.惊奇,惊异4.select vt.挑选;选择→selective adj.有选择性的5.design n.设计;图案;构思vt.设计;计划;构思→designer n.设计者6.decorate v.装饰;装修→decoration n.装饰,装饰物8.remove vt.移动;搬开→removal n.移动;排除9.doubt n.怀疑;疑惑vt.怀疑;不信→doubtful adj.怀疑的10.evidence n.根据;证据→evident adj.明显的;有线索的11.explode vi.爆炸→explosion n.爆炸12.formal adj.正式的→informal adj.(反义词)非正式的Unit2一、单词词性1.compete vi.比赛;竞争→competition n.比赛;竞争→competitive adj.有竞争性的→competitor n.竞争者2.magical adj.巫术的;魔术的;有魔力的→magic adj.魔术的;不可思议的;n.魔法,魔术→magician n.魔术师3.volunteer n.志愿者;志愿兵adj.志愿的;义务的(vt. & vi.)自愿→voluntary adj.自愿的,自发的4.host vt.做东;主办;招待→hoster n.男主持人,男主人→hostess n.女主人,女主持人5.responsibility n.责任;职责→responsible adj.有责任的,对……负责的6.physical adj.物理的;身体的→physics n.物理→physicist n.物理学家→physician n.内科医生7.advertise vt. & vi.作广告;登广告→advertisement n.广告→advertiser n.广告客户8.regular adj.规则的;定期的;常规的→regularly adv.定期地;有规律地→regulation n.规则;规章制度9.basis n.基础;根据→basic adj.基础的;基本的10.admit vt.&vi.容许;承认;接纳→admission n.承认;入场费;进入许可11.slave n.奴隶→slavery n.奴隶制度;奴隶身份12.advertise vt.&vi.做广告;登广告→advertiser n.广告商→advertisement n.广告13.hope n.&v.希望;期望→hopeful adj.有希望的→hopeless adj.没有希望的;绝望的Unit3一、单词词性1.universal adj.普遍的;通用的;宇宙的→universe n.宇宙→universally adv.普遍地2.simplify vt.简化→simple adj.简单的3.technology n.工艺;科技;技术→technological adj.科技的4.revolution n.革命→revolutionary adj.革命的5.intelligence n.智力;聪明;智能→intelligent adj.有才智的;聪明的6.solve vt.解决;解答→solution n.解答7.reality n.真实;事实;现实→real adj.真实的,真正的8.finance n.金融;财经→financia l adj.金融的,财政的9.operate v.操作;手术→operator n.(电脑)操作员;接线员→operation n.操作;手术10.technology n.工艺;科技;技术→technological adj.科技的11.personal adj.私人的;个人的;亲自的→personally adv.就个人而言;亲自→personality n.个性;人格12.total adj.总的;整个的n.总数;合计→totally adv.完全地;整个地13.apply v.申请;应用→applicant n.申请人→application n.应用;用途;申请14.explore vt.&vi.探索;探测;探究→explorer n.探测者→exploration n.勘探;探测;探险15.appear v.出现→appearance n.外观;外貌;出现Unit4一、单词词性1.protection n.保护→protect v.保护→protective adj.保护的,防护的2.loss n.损失;遗失;丧失→lose v.遗失,丢失→loser n.输家;失败者→lost adj.遗失的,失去的3.contain vt.包含;容纳;容忍→container n.容器4.powerful adj.强大的;有力的→powerfully adv.有力地→power v.给……提供动力5.bite vt. & vi.咬;叮;刺痛→bit(过去式)→bitten(过去分词)6.fierce adj.凶猛的;猛烈的→fiercely adv.猛烈地→fierceness n.猛烈7.hunt vt.&vi.打猎;猎取;搜寻→hunter n.猎人;搜寻者8.respond vi.回答;响应;做出反应→response n.响应;反应;回答9.distant adj.远的;远处的→distance n.距离;远方10.relief n.(痛苦或忧虑的)减轻或解除;减轻痛苦的事物→relieve vt.解除;缓解11.important adj.重要的→importance n.重要(性)12.appreciate vt.鉴赏;感激;意识到→appreciation n.感激;鉴赏13.succeed vi.成功vt.接替;继任→success n.成功;成功的人或事物→successful adj.成功的14.employ vt.雇用;利用(时间、精力等)→employer n.雇主;老板→employee n.雇员→employment n.使用;职业;雇用→unemployment n.失业;失业率15.harm n.&vt.损害;危害→harmful adj.有害的;能造成损害的→harmless adj.无害的;无恶意的Unit5一、单词词性1.music n.音乐→musician n.音乐家2.perform vt.& vi.表演;履行;执行→performer n.执行者;演奏者→performance n.表演;演奏3.humor n.幽默→humorous adj.幽默的;诙谐的4.attract v.吸引;引起→attractive adj.吸引人的;有吸引力的→attraction n.吸引;引力;吸引人的事物5.confident adj.自信的;确信的→confidence n.信心;信任6.brief adj.简短的;简要的n.摘要;大纲→briefly adv.简要地;短暂地7.devote vt.致力于;奉献→devotion n.投入;热爱→devoted adj.献身的;忠诚的8.invite vt.邀请;招待→invitation n.邀请;招待9.sense n.感觉;感官→sensitive adj.敏感的;易受伤害的;灵敏的10.pain n.疼痛;痛苦→painful adj.痛苦的;疼痛的必修三Unit11.starve vi. & vt.(使)饿死;饿得要死→starvation n.饿死2.origin n.起源;由来;起因→original adj.原来的3.religion n.宗教→religious adj.宗教上的;信奉宗教的;虔诚的4.independence n.独立;自主→independent adj.独立的;自主的5.agricultural adj.农业的;农艺的→agriculture n.农业;农艺;农学6.admire vt.赞美;钦佩;羡慕→admiration n.羡慕7.energetic adj.充满活力的;精力充沛的;积极的→energy n.能量;精力8.permission n.许可;允许→permit vt.允许n.许可证;执照9.apologize vi.道歉;辩白→apology n.道歉10.sadness n.悲哀;悲伤→sad adj.悲哀的;悲伤的11.obvious adj.明显的;显而易见的12.forgive vt.原谅;饶恕→forgiveness n.原谅→forgiving adj.宽恕的;宽容的Ⅱ.派生单词——能辨别1.celebrate v.庆祝;祝贺→celebration n.庆祝;祝贺2.religion n.宗教;宗教信仰→religious adj.宗教上的;信奉宗教的;虔诚的3.belief n.信任;信心;信仰→believe v t.相信4.energy n.能量;能力→energetic adj.充满活力的;精力充沛的;积极的5.sad adj.悲伤的→sadness n.悲哀;悲伤Unit21.nation n.民族;国家;国民→national adj.国家的,民族的→nationality n.国籍2.suffering n.苦难;痛苦→suffer v.受苦,遭受3.extreme adj.极度的→extremely adv.4.injure vt.损害;伤害→injured adj.受伤的→injury n.伤害,损害5.useless adj.无用的;无效的;无益的→useful(反义词)→use v. & n.使用,利用6.electricity n.电;电流;电学→electric adj.用电的;带电的;发电的→electrical adj.与电有关的;电学的7.frighten vt.使惊吓;吓唬→frightened adj.受惊的;受恐吓的→frightening adj.令人恐惧的8.judge n.裁判员;法官 vt.断定;判断;判决→judgement n.判断,判决9.express vt.表示;表达n.快车;速递→expression n.表达→expressive adj.有表现力的Ⅱ.派生单词——能辨别1.balance v t.平衡;权衡n.天平;平衡→balanced adj.均衡的2.curious adj.好奇的→curiosity n.好奇心→curiously ad v.好奇地3.weak adj.虚弱的→weaken v.使变弱→weakness n.缺点;虚弱;弱点4.strong adj.强壮的→strength n.强项;长处;力量→strengthen v t.加强5.limit v t.限制;限定n.界限;限度→limited adj.有限的6.benefit n.利益;好处v t.& v i.有益于;有助于;受益→beneficial adj.有益的7.combine v t.& v i.(使)联合;(使)结合→combination n.结合;联合Unit31.adventure n.奇遇;冒险→adventurer n.冒险家→adventurous adj.喜欢冒险的2.permit vt. & vi.许可;允许;准许n.通行证;许可证;执照→permission n.许可;准许3.patience n.耐性;忍耐→patient adj. & n.有耐心的;病人4.envelope n.信封5.believe vt.相信;信任→believable adj.可信任的→unbelievable adj.难以置信的Ⅱ.派生单词——能辨别1.novel n.小说;长篇故事adj.新奇的;异常的→novelist n.小说家2.adventure n.奇遇;冒险→adventurous adj.冒险的3.permit v t.& v i.许可;允许;准许n.通行证;许可证;执照→permission n.许可;允许4.patient adj.忍耐的;耐心的n.病人→patiently ad v.有耐心地→patience n.耐性;忍耐5.belief n.信任;信心;信仰→believable adj.可信的→unbelievable adj.难以置信的6.rude adj.粗鲁的;无礼的→rudeness n.粗鲁Unit41.astronomy n.天文学→astronomer n.天文学家2.globe n.球体;地球仪;地球→global adj.全球性的;全世界的3.violent adj.猛烈的;激烈的;强暴的→violence n.暴力→violently adv.猛烈地4.unlike prep.不同;不像→dislike vt.不喜欢5.presence n.出席;到场;存在→present adj. & n. & v.在场的;目前,现在;出席;颁发,授予6.harmful adj.有害的;伤害的→harm n.危害,害处→harmless adj.无害的7.exist vi.存在,生存→existence n.存在,生存8.puzzle n.谜;难题vt. & vi.(使)迷惑;(使)为难→puzzled adj.迷惑的→puzzling adj.令人迷惑的9.gentle adj.温和的;文雅的→gently ad v.温柔地;温和地Unit51.eastward adv. & adj.向东;向东的;朝东的→westward adv. & adj.(反义词)向西,向西的;朝西的2.surround vt. & vi.包围;围绕→surroundings n.(复)周围的事物;环境→surrounding adj.周围的3.slight adj.轻微的;微小的→slightly adv.稍微;轻微地4.mix vt. & vi.混合;调配→mixture n.混合(物);混合状态5.wealthy adj. & n.富有的;富人;有钱人→wealth n.财富6.distance n.距离;远方→distant adj.远的,远方的7.tradition n.传统;风俗→traditional adj.传统的8.terrify vt.使恐怖;恐吓→terrifying adj.令人畏惧的→terrified adj.感到畏惧的→terror n.恐惧→terrible adj.恐怖的;恐惧的9.im press vt.使印象深刻;使铭记→impression n.印象→impressive adj.给人深刻印象的;感人的必修四Unit11.achieve vt.完成;达到→achievement n.成就;功绩2.connect ion n.连接;关系;亲戚→connect vt.连接3.organization n.组织;机构;团体→organize vt.组织4.behave vt. & vi.举动;(举止或行为)表现→behavio(u)r n.行为;举止;习性5.observe vt.观察;观测;遵守→observation n.观察,观测→observer n.观察者6.respect vt. & n.尊敬;尊重;敬意→respectable adj.体面的,值得尊敬的→respectful adj.恭敬的→respected adj.受尊敬的7.argue vi. & vt.讨论;辩论;争论→argument n.争辩;争吵,论点,争论8.entertainment n.款待;娱乐;娱乐表演→entertain v.宴客,款待某人9.inspire vt.鼓舞;感动;激发;启示→inspiration n.灵感;鼓舞或激励人的人或事物→inspired adj.受感动的→inspiring adj.鼓舞人的10.intend vt.计划;打算→intention n.打算11.deliver vt.递送;生(小孩儿);接生;发表(演说等)→delivery n.发表,递送Ⅱ.派生单词——能辨别1.achieve v t.取得;实现→achievement n.成就;功绩2.connect v t.联系→connected adj.有联系的→connection n.连接;关系3.organize v t.组织→organization n.组织;机构;团体4.behave v t.&v i.举动;(举止或行为)表现→behaviour n.行为;举止;习性5.observe v t.观察;观测;遵守→observation n.观察;观测6.argue v t.&v i.讨论;辩论;争论→argument n.争论;争辩;争吵7.entertain v t.&v i.使欢乐;款待→entertainment n.款待;娱乐;娱乐表演8.crowd n.人群;观众v t.挤满;使拥挤→crowded adj.拥挤的9.inspire v t.鼓舞;激发;启示→inspiration n.灵感;鼓舞10.refer v i.谈到;查阅;参考→reference n.查阅;参考11.intend v t.计划;打算→intention n.目的;意图12.consider v t.考虑;体谅→considerate adj.考虑周到的→consideration n.考虑;体谅Unit21.hunger n.饥饿;欲望→hungry adj.饥饿的;有欲望的2.expand vt. & vi.使变大;伸展;阐述→expansion n.扩大;增加3.circulate vt. & vi.循环;流传→circulation n.循环流通4.equip vt. & vi.配备;装备→equipment n.设备(不可数)5.export vt. & vi.输出;出口→import vt. & vi.输入;入口;进口6.nationality n.国籍→nation n.国家;民族→national adj.国家的;国有的7.occupation n.工作;职业;占领→occupy vt.占领8.confuse vt.使迷惑;使为难→confusing adj.令人迷惑的→confused adj.感到迷惑的→confusion n.迷惑9.regret vt.遗憾;惋惜 n.遗憾;懊悔→regretful adj.后悔的10.chemical adj.化学的;关于化学的→chemistry n.化学→chemist n.化学家;药剂师11.reduce vt.减少;缩减;简化→reduction n.缩小;减少12.summary n.总结;摘要;概要→summarize vt.总结Ⅱ.派生单词——能辨别1.hunger n.饥饿;欲望v t.&v i.(使)饥饿→hungry adj.饥饿的2.disturb v t.扰乱;打扰→disturbed adj.烦恼的→disturbing adj.引起烦恼的;令人不安的3.circulate v t.&v i.循环;流传→circulation n.循环4.free adj.自由的→freedom n.自由;自主5.equip v t.&v i.配备;装备→equipment n.设备(不可数)6.export v t.&v i.输出;出口→import v t.&v i.输入;进口7.nation n.国家;民族→national adj.国家的;民族的→nationality n.国籍8.occupy v t.占领;占据→occupation n.工作;职业;占领9.confuse v t.使迷惑;使为难→confusing adj.令人迷惑的→confused adj.感到迷惑的→confusion n.迷惑10.produce v t.生产→production n.生产;制造→producer n.生产者;制片人11.discover v t.发现;发觉→discovery n.发现;发觉Unti31.humour n.幽默;滑稽→humourous adj.幽默的2.perform v.执行;表演→performer n.表演者;演出者→performance n.执行;演出3.astonish vt.使惊诧→astonished adj.感到惊讶的→astonishing adj.令人感到惊讶的→astonishment n.惊讶4.fortunate adj.幸运的;吉利的→fortune n.运气,财富→fortunately adv.幸运地5.entertain vt. & vi.使欢乐;款待→entertaining adj.愉快的,有趣的→entertainment n.娱乐6.convince vt.使信服→convinced adj.坚信不移的→convincing adj.令人信服的7.direct vt. & vi. &adj.导演;指示;指挥;直的;直接的;直率的→direction n.指导→director n.导演→directly adv. & conj.直接地,径直地;一……就……8.particular adj. & n.特殊的,特别的;细节;细目→particularly adv.特别地,挑剔地9.react vi.作出反应;回应→reaction n.反应;回应Ⅱ.派生单词——能辨别1.humour n.幽默;滑稽→humourous adj.幽默的2.perform v.执行;表演→performer n.表演者;演出者→performance n.执行;演出3.astonish v t.使惊诧→astonishing adj.令人感到惊讶的→astonished adj.惊讶的4.fortune n.运气→fortunate adj.幸运的;吉利的→fortunately ad v.幸运地→unfortunately ad v.不幸地5.entertain v t.&v i.使欢乐;款待→entertaining adj.愉快的;有趣的→entertainment n.款待;娱乐6.fail v.失败→failure n.失败(者)7.convince v t.使信服→convincing adj.令人信服的8.direct v t.&v i.导演;指示;指挥adj.直的;直接的;直率的→directly ad v.直接地;径直地conj.一……就→director n.导演→direction n.指导9.particular adj.特殊的;特别的n.细节;细目→particularly ad v.特殊地;特别地10.amuse v t.使发笑;使愉快→amusing adj.好笑的;有趣的→amused adj.愉快的→amusement n.消遣;娱乐(活动)11.explain v t.解释;说明→explanation n.解释;说明;讲解12.react v i.作出反应;回应→reaction n.反应Unit41.state vt.陈述;说明→statement n.陈述;说明2.greet vi. & vt.迎接;问候→greeting n.迎接;问候;招呼3.represent vt.代表;象征→representative n.代表(人士)4.association n.社团;联系;联想→associate v.把……联系起来5.curious adj.好奇的→curiosity n.好奇心6.defend vt.保护;保卫→defence n.防御;保卫7.misunderstand vt.误解;误会→misunderstanding n.误解;误会8.spoken adj.口语的→unspoken adj.非口语的;未说出口的9.anger n.怒气;怒火→angry adj.生气的10.subjective adj.主观的→subject n.主题;对象Ⅱ.派生单词——能辨别1.state v.陈述;声明→statement n.陈述;说明2.greet v i.&v t.迎接;问候→greeting n.迎接;问候;招呼3.associate v i.&v t.把……联系起来→association n.社团;联系;联想4.curious adj.好奇的→curiously ad v.好奇地→curiosity n.好奇心5.defend v t.保护;保卫→defense/defence n.防御;保卫6.major adj.主要的v i.主修→_majority n.大多数7.misunderstand v t.误解;误会→misunderstanding n.误解;误会8.spoken adj.口语的→unspoken adj.未说出口的;非口语的9.face n.脸;面部→facial adj.面部的10.true adj.真实的→truly ad v.真实地;真诚地;真正地→truth n.真理11.anger n.怒气;怒火→angry adj.生气的;愤怒的12.subject n.主题;对象→subjective adj.主观的Unit51.centre n.中心→central adj.中心的;中央的2.various adj.不同的;各种各样的→variety n.变化,多样性3.fantasy n.幻想;怪念头→fantastic adj.极好的,吸引人的,不现实的4.amuse vt.使发笑;使愉快→amusement n.消遣;娱乐5.attract vt.吸引→attraction n.有吸引力的事物;吸引→attractive adj.吸引人的6.tourism n.旅游业→tour n.旅游7.length n.长度;长→lengthen v.加长8.athlete n.运动员→athletic adj.运动的9.translator n.翻译者→translate v.翻译→translation n.翻译,译文10.minority n.少数;少数民族→majority(反义词)大多数11.advance vt. & vi.前进;促进;提前→advanced adj.高级的;先进的12.admission n.允许进入;入场费;承认→admit v.承认Ⅱ.派生单词——能辨别1.center n.中心→central adj.中心的;中央的2.vary v.变化;不同→variety n.多样;多样化→various adj.不同的;各种各样的3.amuse v t.逗笑;使高兴→amused adj.逗乐的;觉得好笑的→amusement n.消遣;娱乐(活动)4.attract v t.吸引→attractive adj.有吸引力的;吸引人的→attraction n.有吸引力的事物;吸引5.long adj.长的→length n.长度;长→lengthen v.加长6.settle v t.&v i.安家;定居;解决→settler n.移民;殖民者7.translate v.翻译→translator n.译员;翻译→translation n.翻译;译文8.advance v.&n.前进;进步;提前→advanced adj.高级的;先进的9.admit v.承认;录取→admission n.允许进入;入场费;承认。
英语单词词性转换的基本规律一.动词(v.)→名词(n.)1词形不变,词性改变例如:work, study, water, plant等可以用作动词(工作,学习,浇水,种植),也可以用作名词(工作,学习,水,植物).2一些动词在词尾加上-er或-or之后就变成了表示"某一类人"的名词例如:work—worker, teach—teacher, sing—singer,jump—jumper, play—player, learn—learner,visit—visitor, invent—inventor,collect—collector等.注意:1)以不发音的e结尾的动词,在词尾加-r.例如:drive—driver, write—writer等.2)以重读闭音节结尾,且末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词,应双写末尾的辅音字母,再加-er例如:run—runner, win—winner,begin—beginner等.3在动词词尾加上-ment 变成名词例如:achieve—achievement (成就) advertise—advertisement//advertising(广告) agree—agreement disgree—disagreementamuse—amusement (娱乐) improve—improvement(争吵)commit(奉献)—commitment develop—development (发展)epart—department (局,部) govern(统治)—government(政府) manage—management (管理) equip—equipment (装备)有些单词比较特殊,需把动词后的e去掉再加ment. 例如:argue—argument(争论)4在动词词尾加上-(t)ion/(s)ion变成名词例如: attract—attraction; instruct—instruction;invent—invention discuss—discussion; express—expression educate—education; graduate—graduation; operate—operation (去e再加"ion")compete—competition; organize—organization (把e改成其他字母再加"tion") decide—decision conclude—conclusion (把de改为s再加"ion") describe—description描写,描绘 (这是特例,不规则变化)5在动词词尾加上-ance变成名词例如: appear—appearance (外貌;出现) perform—performance (演出)accept—acceptance (接受)6在动词词尾加-ing变成名词 (方法与动词变为现在分词的方法相同)例如:meet—meeting build—building wait—waitingbathe—bathing say—saying(谚语) mean—meaningend —ending train —training wash—washing注意:以重读闭音节结尾,且末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词,应双写末尾的辅音字母,再加-ing 如:swim—swimming shop—shopping begin—beginning7其他一些比较特殊的变化例如: Beg(乞讨)—beggar(乞丐) behave(行为举止)—behaviorknow(知道)—knowledge(知识) fly—flight (飞行)heat (加热)—heat(热量) hit (撞击)—hit( 轰动一时的人或物,碰撞)mix (混合)—mixture(混合物) press(按,压)—pressure(压力)sit(坐)—seat (座位) succeed—success(成功) tour—tour(旅游)/ tourist (游客)1动词后面加able,以e结尾的动词则去e加able,表示具有此性质,特点或属性.例如: afford-affordable;love-lovable2动词后面加ed,以e结尾的动词则直接加d,表示被动性的属性或特点.例如: scatter-scattered use-used2不规则的动词则必须记忆,记住其过去分词形式.规律不大,意义同(b).三.名词(n.)→形容词(adj.)1在名词后面加-y可以变成形容词(尤其是一些与天气有关的名词)例如: rain—rainy, cloud—cloudy, wind—windy, snow—snowy,health—healthy, luck—lucky,anger—angry guilt—guilty(内疚的)tourist—touristy(游客多的) , salt (盐)—salty (咸的)silk(丝绸)—silky(丝绸般的), sleep—sleepy (昏昏欲睡的)注意:1)如果以重读闭音节结尾,且词尾只有一个辅音字母,这时应双写辅音字母再加"-y".如: sun—sunny, fun—funny, fog—foggy(有雾的), fur—furry(毛皮的)2)少数以不发音的e结尾的名词变为形容词时,应去掉e再加"-y".如: noise—noisy, ice—icy, shine—shiny(发亮的), taste(口味)—tasty(甜的)2名词后面加-ed,以e结尾的直接加d.例如: spot(斑点)—spotted(有斑点的); talent—talented (有天赋的)organize—organized 有组织的; balance—balanced(平衡的)3一些抽象名词在词尾加-ful可以变为形容词例如:care—careful, thank1—thankful, help—helpful, use—useful, meaning—meaningful 4在名词后加-less构成含有否定意义的形容词例如:care—careless(粗心的), use—useless(无用的)hope—hopeless(没希望的),home—homeless(无家可归的)5一些以-ce结尾的名词,把-ce改为-t变成形容词例如: difference—different, silence—silent, confidence—confident6.在名词后加-ly变为形容词例如: friend—friendly, love—lovely, live---lively7.在名词后加-ous变为形容词例如: danger—dangerous8名词后面加-al变为形容词例如: music—musical; medicine—medical (这个比较特殊)9名词后面加-able变为形容词,如果以e结尾就去e再加"-able".例如: adjust—adjustable 可调整的 value—valuable有价值的10名词后面加-en变成形容词例如: wood—wooden 木制的 wool—woolen 羊毛的11一些表示国家的名词可以在词尾加-ese, -ish或-n构成表示国籍,语言的形容词例如:China—Chinese, Japan—Japanese, England—English,America—American, India—Indian, Australia —Australian(注意Canada—Canadian)▲一般在形容词的词尾加-ly可以变成副词例如: quick—quickly, slow—slowly, loud—loudly, sudden—suddenly 等但是,以下几点值得注意:1一些以"辅音字母+y"结尾的形容词,要把y改为i再加-ly例如: happy—happily, angry—angrily, lucky—luckily, heavy—heavily, noisy—noisily有些以-ble或-le结尾的形容词,去掉e加-y例如:possible—possibly, terrible—terribly3少数以e结尾的形容词,要去掉e再加-ly例如: true—truly但绝大多数以e结尾的形容词仍然直接加-ly例如: polite—politely, wide—widely4以-l结尾的形容词变为副词时要在词尾加-ly,以-ll结尾的才在词尾只加-y.例如: usual—usually, careful—carefully, useful—usefullyfull—fully (以-ll结尾的才只加y)PS:有些同学可能对元音辅音以及重读闭音节不是很了解,那我在这里再做下补充说明. 1.英语26个字母中,a e i o u是元音字母, y是半元音字母, 其余都是辅音字母.★所谓半元音就是有时候做元音,有时候做辅音.半元音字母y做元音有: shy,sky 做辅音比如最简单的:yes2.开音节和闭音节开音节分两种:绝对开音节和相对开音节绝对开音节指的是"元音字母结尾"的音节 (例如 we, hi等)相对开音节是指"辅音字母-元音字母-辅音字母-不发音的e"的音节,(r除外). ( 例如,take,make 等)比如:take (在这个单词中,t是辅音,a是元音,k是辅音,e是不发音的元音)◆在开音节中, 元音字母发他们在字母表中的音闭音节, 则是指"辅音字母-元音字母-辅音字母"的音节 ( -al等除外) (例如:leg,cross等)◆在闭音节中,元音字母发不同的音 a e i o u例 sat let sit not nut (试着读下这些单词,这些单词中,元音发的音都不是它们在字母表中发的音)2.英语重读闭音节就是以辅音因素结尾的,而且是重读音节的音节.比如apple 划音节就因该是ap/ple 前面那个ap是一个音节,这个音节以辅音因素p结尾,所以就是闭音节.(仅仅能看出是闭音节,是不是重读闭音节还要看这个音节是不是重读的) 重读闭音节三要素:1. 必须是重读音节;2. 最后只有一个辅音字母;3.元音字母发短元音 ( 说通俗点,打个比方, /u/是短元音,/u:/是长元音)重读闭音节即两个辅音中间夹一个元音.如:sit---sitting begin---beginning(重读在gin这个音节上)●像travel这个单词,"vel"也是"辅音+元音+辅音"的结构,但是重音不在vel这个音节上,所以不用双写"l",可以为travelled,也可以是traveled,更常用的是后者.。
词性转换在高考英语中极其重要,特别是在语篇填空题,几乎每年都有1-3个空都是要对括号给出的单词进行词性的转换。
分析句子结构并确定所填词在句子中所作的成分是解答词性转换题的关键所在。
句子成分与词性的关系成分词性主语名词、代词、数词、动词-ing形式、不定式、名词化的形容词、从句,相当于名词的短语谓语动词、动词短语宾语名词、代词、数词、名词化的形容词、动词-ing形式、不定式、从句,相当于名词的短语定语形容词、名词、代词、数词、副词、不定式、介词短语、动词-ing形式、动词-ed形式、从句状语副词、不定式、动词-ing形式、动词-ed形式、介词短语、名词、从句补语形容词、副词、不定式、动词-ing形式、动词-ed形式、名词、介词短语表语名词、代词、形容词、数词、副词、不定式、介词短语、动词-ing形式、动词-ed形式、从句同位语名词、数词、代词、从句解题技巧①若提示词在主语或宾语的位置,且前面有冠词、形容词、物主代词等,一般填名词形式。
②若提示词作表语,或修饰后面的名词,一般填形容词形式。
③若提示词对整个句子或对其前、后的动词、形容词起修饰作用,一般填副词形式。
④要牢记常见的后缀形式,确保正确转换词性。
活用构词法,秒杀词性转换牢记几种常考的构词法1.形容词变副词的后缀分类示例以-le结尾的形容词,变-le为-ly possible→possibly,ter rible→terribly,comfortable→comforta bly,gentle→gently,simple →simply等以-y结尾的形容词,变-y为-ily easy→easily,angry→a ngrily,noisy→noisily,happy →happily,heavy→heavily,healt hy→healthily等常考且容易拼错的副词excitedly,rudely,truly,healthily,polit ely,widely,nicely,closel y,surprisingly,increasin gly,disappointedly,fortun ately,hurriedly等2.形容词变名词的后缀后缀示例-age short adj.短缺的→shortage n.不足;短缺-cy fluent adj.流利的→fluency n.流利;流畅-d o m wise adj.聪明的→wisdom n.明智;智慧-enc e different adj.不同的→difference n.差异-nes s weak adj.虚弱的→weakness n.虚弱;弱点-th strong adj.强壮的→strength n.力气,优势-y difficult adj.困难的→difficulty n.困难-ty safe adj.安全的→safety n.安全-ity responsible adj.负责的→responsibilit y n.责任3.动词变名词的后缀常见的动词变名词的后缀有-al,-ance,-ence,-ion,-tion,-ation,-(ss)ion,-ing,-ment,-ure,-ture,-y等。
一、合成
有两个或两个以上的词合成的一个词。
如:合成名词、合成形容词、合成副词等。
fire + man ----fireman
good+looking -----good-looking
any+time ----anytime
一、派生
1、前缀:加前缀通常改变词义
反义词:
un: healthy---unhealthy usual---unusual
happy---unhappy
dis: honest---dishonest appear---disappear
like---dislike cover---discover
im: possible---impossible
in: dependent ----independent
2、后缀:加后缀一般改变词性
(1)名词后缀:
-er: manage—manager, own---owner,
record---recorder
report---reporter, teach---teacher,
wait---waiter
win----winner, work---worker ,
write---writer
-or: visit---visitor , act---actor, invent---inventor
-ress: wait---waitress, act---actress
-(t)ion: invent—invention, pollute---pollution, attract—attraction, suggest---suggestion
collect---collection, locate---location,
operate---operation, protect---protection
solve---solution, add---addition
2、后缀:加后缀一般改变词性
(1)名词后缀:
-ation: invite---invitation, organize---organization -(s)ion: discuss---discussion, decide---decision
-ment: develop---development, amuse-amusement advertise---advertisement
-ce: enter--entrance
-ing: meet---meeting, paint---painting, say---saying begin---beginning, build---building 2、后缀:加后缀一般改变词性
(2)名词+ist ; er变成表示人的名词
-ist: science--scientist, art—artist, tour—tourist
-er: farm---farmer, engine---engineer, law---lawyer (3)形容词+ness, ty,ity, th, ce, dom变成名词
-ness: kind—kindness, ill—illness;
-ty: safe-safety, difficult-difficulty, honest-honesty -ity: electric—electricity, national—nationality, active—activity, able—ability
-th: true—truth, long—length
-ce:different—difference, important—importance -dom: free—freedom, wise—wisdom,
(2) 动词后缀:
1. 名词+ize变成动词:-ize: memory---memorize
2. 形容词+en 变成动词:wide—widen
(3). 形容词后缀:
1.名词+ed, ful, y, ly, ive, al, cal, en, (i)an变成形容词
-ed: age—aged, wound—wounded
-ful: power—powerful, care—careful, use—useful success—successful, wonder—wonderful
-y: wind—windy, rain—rainy, cloud—cloudy snow—snowy, sun—sunny, luck—lucky
noise—noisy, health—healthy, fun—funny, -ly: love—lovely, friend—friendly,
-ive: act—active
-al: education—educational, office—official, nation—national, nature—natural, person—personal,
tradition—traditional, physical—physical
-cal: history—historical, chemistry—chemical,
medicine—medical
-en: gold—golden, wood—wooden
-(i)an: Australia—Australian, Canada—Canadian
Italy—Italian, America—American (4)名词+less 变成形容词,有相反的意思
-less: home-homeless, care-careless, help—helpless life—lifeless, use—useless;
动词+ful, able, ive变成形容词:
-ful: forget—forgetful, help—helpful, thank—thankful
-able: avail—available, enjoy—enjoyable,
change—changeable,
-ive: attract—attractive
动词+ed, ing变成形容词
-ed: wound—wounded, fry—fried,
please—pleased,
surprise—surprised, interest—interested,
excite—excited
-ing: amuse—amusing, interest—interesting
surprise—surprising, excite--exciting
(4)副词后缀:形容词+y, ly 变副词
-y: gentle—gently, possible—possibly
-ly: accurate—accurately, angry—angrily,
beautiful—beautifully, general—generally,
clear—clearly, complete—completely,
final—finally
lucky—luckily, loud—loudly, main—mainly,
quick—quickly, quiet—quietly, real—really,
recent—recently, usual—usually, safe—safely
slow—slowly, serious—seriously, soft—softly wide—widely, true—truly, careful—carefully,
happy—happily, heavy—heavily,
immediate--immediately
(5)基数词后缀:
-teen : four—fourteen, five—fifteen, …
-ty: three—thirty, eight—eighty,
(6) 序数词后缀:
-th: five-fifth, six---sixth, nineteen—nineteenth, ninety-ninetieth, nine—ninth
特别注意:
one—first—firstly—once two—second—secondly--twice。