下载文档原格式
省略简单句中的省略1.省略主语:祈使句中的主语通常省略,其他省略主语多限于少数现成的说法See you tomorrow.Doesn’t matter2.省略主语和谓语或主谓语的一部分(Will you)have a smoke?吸支烟吗?3.there be 句型的省略(is there)anything i can do for you/4.感叹句中的省略What a beautiful flower!=what a beautiful flower it is!5.简单句中的省略在交际用语中的体现---how are you? ---(I am)fine, thank you.并列句中的省略,在由并列连词and, but, or等连接的并列句中,后面的分句可以省略与前面分句中相同的成分,以免重复。
She was young but(she was)brave.复合句中的省略1.状语从句中的省略(1)当状语从句的主语和主句的主语一致或主语是it时,从句的主语和谓语部分的be动词可以省略。
He opened his lips as if (he were)to speak.The exhibition is more interesting than (it was) expected.(2)含有if 的省略结构有:Error , if (there are)any,should be corrected.如果有的话Get up early tomorrow, if not(if you don’t get up early), you will miss the first bus.如果不的话Come tomorrow,if possible.如果可能的话I will buy a TV set if necessary.如果有必要的话If so, you must go at once.如果这样的话(3)If虚拟条件句中有should/had/were时,if可以省略,从句中的主谓要倒装Were they here now, they could help us.=If they were here now, they could help us.如果现在他们在这里,他们会帮助我们。
省略句定义：省略是一种修辞手段，省略的使用是为了避免重复。
同时，不损害句子结构，不会引起歧义。
一．功能词的省略1.冠词的省略1）两个并列名词前面都有冠词时，第二个名词前的冠词常可以被省略。
Can we have a medical examination at home without a doctor or (a) nurse?家里没有医生或护士我们能进行医疗检查吗？注意：有些句子如果省略了第二个冠词，会误认为指同一个人，省略时应注意。
They are the gardener and the gatekeeper.他们一个是花园园丁，一个是门卫。
2）表示头衔、职位，而不是这个职业所具体指的那个人时，常省略冠词。
Mary, head of our team, was determined to give up this game.我们的队长玛丽决定放弃这一局比赛。
2.介词的省略1）yesterday afternoon/evening/morning, Sunday, Saturday等时间名词前的介词常省略。
She started work (on) last Monday.她从上个星期一开始工作。
2）for引导的表示一段时间的名词短语，一般for可以省略。
I stayed in Washington (for) four years.我在华盛顿待了四年。
注意：在句首或在否定句中时，“for+一段时间”的短语中不能省略for.I haven't heard from him for a long time.我很长时间没有收到他的来信了。
For a whole year, I was helping my dad on the farm.一整年我都在农场帮我爸爸。
3）of与age, size, color, height, material, shape等表示大小、长短、颜色、年龄、形状、高度等的名词连用时，常被省略。
省略1简单句中的省略2并列句中的省略3复合句中的省略4其他的省略情况1.省略主语2.省略宾语3.省略主语和谓语(或谓语的一部分)1.动词不定式的省略2.某些使役动词，如：m a k e，le t，h a v e等和感官动词，如：see，w a t c h，no ti ce，o b ser v e，h ear等后⾯作宾补的不定式须省略t o，但若这些动词⽤于被动语态，则t o不省略。
3.并列的不定式可以省略后⾯的不定式符号t o。
但若两个不定式之间表⽰对⽐关系时，不能省略t o。
4.当不定式在某些动词后作宾语时，常可省略。
常⻅的动词有agree，a ff or d，e xp ec t，f orge t，h o p e，k no w，m anage，p re t en d，re m e mb er，re f use，w an t，wi s h，w oul d l ik e等。
5.介词b u t，e x ce pt (除了) 前有实义动词d o的某种形式时，后⾯的不定式不带t o。
6.当不定式作某些复合谓语时，如b e go i ng t o，b e a b le t o，h a v e t o，oug ht t o，use d t o等，可只保留不定式符号t o。
7.使⽤so，no t等时的省略8.介词的省略(Y ou co m e) Thi s w a y，p lease. 请这边⾛。
(省略了主语和谓语) (Ha v e y ou) G o t an y i n k? 你有墨⽔吗？(省略了主语和谓语的一部分)常⻅的结构有： (1)h a v e diffi cul ty/t rou b le (i n) d o i ng s th. (2)b e b us y (i n) d o i ng s th. (3)s p en d so m e tim e (i n) d o i ng s th. (4)s t o p/p re v en t s b. (f ro m) d o i ng s th. Th e h ea vy ra i n p re v en t e d him (f ro m) arr ivi ng th ere on tim e.—Can y ou fi n i s h y our w or k t o d a y? —I thi n k so./I d on’t thi n k so./I thi n k no t. ——你今天能完成⼯作吗？ ——我认为能。
LECTURE 13省略结构本堂目标 熟悉识别各种各种省略结构，了解各种情况下的结构现象，完整理解含有省略结构的长难句。
基础预习一个句子中有时一个或更多的成分会被省略掉，这样的句子可以称为省略句。
省略在语言中，尤其在对话中，是一种普遍的现象，因为它有助于语言的简洁。
一、单句中的省略二、并列句中的省略并列结构中，尤其当后一个分句出现and, but, neither, either, nor, so, too 时，后一个分句与前一个分句相同的句子成分可以省去。
【例】(08-翻译)三、不定式符号to 后面的省略重点讲解一、宾语从句中的省略当宾语从句由which, when, where, why 以及how 等疑问词引导时，只保留wh-疑问词，省略其余部分。
【例】由whenever, whatever, wherever, however, no matter how/what/when/where 及whether …nor 等引导的状语从句，也常常省略句中某些成分。
【例】(06-Text 1)【补充拓展】【例】（07-翻译）当遇到“when (或if ，where ，wherever，whenever ，as soon as ，as fast as ，than 等)+possible/necessary 等”时，可理解中间省略了it is (或was)。
【例】课堂练习难句分析1. This DNA can reveal genetic information about only one or two ancestors, even though, for example, just three generations back people also have six other great-grandparents or, four generations back, 14 other great-great-grandparents. (09-Text 2)2. While it is easy to ignore in our contact with them the effect of our acts upon their disposition, it is not so easy as in dealing with adults. (09-翻译)3. If you are working on a word processor, you can take advantage of its capacity to make additions and deletions as well as move entire paragraphs by making just a few simple keyboard commands. (08-Part B)4. Darwin was convinced that the loss of these tastes was not only a loss of happiness, but might possibly be injurious to the intellect, and more probably to the moral character. (08-翻译)5. The rise of anti-happy art almost exactly tracks the emergence of mass media, and with it, a commercial culture in which happiness is not just an ideal but an ideology. (06-Text 4)6． Do you remember all those years when scientists argued that smoking would kill us but the doubters insisted that we didn ’t know for sure? That the evidence was inconclusive, the science uncertain? That the antismoking lobby was out to destroy our way of life and the government should stay out of the way? (05-Text 2)7. If the moderate end of the legal community has its way, the information on products might actually be provided for the benefit of customers and not as protection against legal liability. (99-Passage 1)8. But long-term difficulties such as unemployment, serious illness in family or big emotional changes, not readily resolved, can cause insomnia that is so ingrained that it persists even after the crisis is over.9. I should wish to die while still at work, knowing that others will carry on what I can no longer do and content in the thought that what was possible has been done.10. In fact, adoption experts believe that people who adopt these children need special training and preparation in order to successfully rear the child and to integrate the child into the family and eventually into society.课堂讲评1. 【分析】复合句。
