ArchitectureEnglish-2 建筑英语第二单元

建筑专业英语词汇a. DESIGN BASIS 设计依据b. DESIGN STAGE 设计阶段c. CLIMATE CONDITION 气象条件d. GENERAL ROOM NAME 常用房间名称e. ROOFING['ru:fiŋ] & CEILING['si:liŋ]屋面及天棚f. WALL(CLADDING) 墙体(外墙板)g. FLOOR & TRENCH [trentʃ]地面及地沟h. DOORS 、GLASS、WINDOWS & IRONMONGERY ['aɪɚn,mʌŋgəri](HARDWARE) 门、玻璃、窗及五金件I. STAIRCASE['steəkeɪs]、LANDING &LIFT(ELEVATOR)楼梯、休息平台及电梯j. BUILDING MATERIAL WORDS AND PHRASES 建筑材料词汇及短语Bricks and Tiles[tail]砖和瓦Lime[laim], Sand and Stone 灰、砂和石Cement [si'ment], Mortar ['mɔ:tə] and Concrete[kən'kri:t, 'kɔnkri:t]水泥、砂浆和混凝土Facing And Plastering ['plɑːstərɪŋ] Materials[mə'tiəriəlz]饰面及粉刷材料Asphalt ['æsfælt](Bitumen) and Asbestos[æz'bestɔs]沥青和石棉Timber ['timbə]木材Metallic [mi'tælik] Materials[mə'tiəriəlz]金属材料Non-Ferrous['nʌn'ferəs]Metal ['metəl]有色金属Anti-Corrosion [kə'rəʊʒ(ə)n] Materials 防腐蚀材料Building Hardware['hɑ:dwεə]建五金Paint [peint]油漆k. OTHER ARCHITECTURAL TERMS 其它建筑术语Discipline 专业Conventional Terms 一般通用名词Architectural Physics 建筑物理Name Of Professional role 职务名称Drafting 制图a. DESIGN BASIS 设计依据计划建议书planning proposals[prə'pəʊz(ə)l]设计任务书design [di'zain]order标准规范standards['stændəd] and codes[kəud]条件图information drawing设计基础资料basic['beisik]data for design工艺流程图process flowchart['fləu,tʃa:t]工程地质资料engineering[,endʒi'niəriŋ] geological [dʒiə'lɔdʒikəl] data ['deitə]原始资料original data设计进度schedule['skedʒu:əl] of designb. STAGE OF DESIGN 设计阶段方案scheme[ski:m], draft [drɑ:ft ],草图sketch [sketʃ]会谈纪要summary ['sʌməri]of discussion 谈判negotiation [ni,ɡəuʃi'eiʃən]可行性研究feasibility [,fi:zə'biliti] study初步设计preliminary [pri'liminəri]design基础设计basic design详细设计detail design询价图enquiry[ɪn'kwaɪrɪ] drawing施工图working drawing, construction drawing竣工图as-built drawingc. CLIMATE CONDITION 气象条件日照sunshine风玫瑰wind rose主导风向prevailing[pri'veiliŋ]wind direction最大(平均)风速maximum (mean) wind velocity风荷载wind load最大(平均)降雨量maximum (mean) rainfall雷击及闪电thunder['θʌndə]and lightning飓风hurricane['hʌrikən]台风typhoon旋风cyclone降雨强度rainfall intensity[in'tensəti]年降雨量annual rainfall湿球温度wet bulb temperature干球温度dry bulb temperature冰冻期frost period冰冻线frost line冰冻区frost zone室外计算温度calculating['kælkjuleitiŋ] outdoor temperature采暖地区region with heating provision[prəu'viʒən]不采暖地区region ['ri:dʒən]without heating provision 绝对大气压absolute atmospheric pressure相对湿度relative ['relətiv] humidity [hju:'midəti]d. GENERAL ROOM NAME 常用房间名称办公室office服务用房service room换班室shift room休息室rest room (break room)起居室living room浴室bathroom淋浴间shower更衣室locker room厕所lavatory ['lævətəri,]门厅lobby ['lɔbi]诊室clinic['klinik]工作间workshop电气开关室switchroom走廊corridor['kɔridɔ:]档案室archive['ɑ:kaiv]电梯机房lift motor room车库garage ['ɡærɑ:dʒ,]清洁间cleaning room会议室(正式) conference room会议室meeting room衣柜间ward robe暖风间H.V.A.C room饭店restaurant餐厅canteen [kæn'ti:n], dining room厨房kitchen入口entrance ['entrəns]接待处reception area会计室accountant[ə'kauntənt]room秘书室secretary['sekrətəri]room电气室electrical[i'lektrikəl] room控制室control room工长室foreman ['fɔ:mən] office开关柜室switch [switʃ]gear [ɡiə]前室antecabinet (Ante.)生产区production area马达控制中心Mcc多功能用房utility [ju:'tiləti] room化验室laboratory[lə'bɔrətəri]room经理室manager['mænidʒə]room披屋(阁楼) penthouse ['penthaus]警卫室guard[ɡɑ:d]housee. ROOFING AND CEILING 屋面及天棚女儿墙parapet['pærəpɪt]雨蓬canopy['kænəpɪ]屋脊roof ridge坡度slope [sləup]坡跨比pitch [pitʃ]分水线water-shed[ʃed]二毡三油2 layers['leiəs] of felt & 3 coats of bitumastic [,bitju:'mæstik]附加油毡一层extra['ekstrə]ply of felt [felt]檐口eave[i:v]挑檐overhanging [əuvə'hæŋiŋ]eave檐沟eave gutter ['ɡʌtə]平屋面flat roof坡屋面pitched roof雨水管downspout['daʊnspaʊt], rain waterpipe)(R.W.P)汇水面积catchment ['kætʃm(ə)nt] area泛水flashing内排水interior [in'tiəriə] drainage ['dreinidʒ]外排水exterior [ik'stiəriə]drainage滴水drip屋面排水roof drainage找平层leveling course卷材屋面built-up roofing天棚ceiling['si:liŋ]檩条purlin['pɜːlɪn]屋面板roofing board天花板ceiling board防水层water-proof course检查孔inspection[in'spekʃən]hole人孔manhole吊顶suspended [sə'spendid]ceiling, false ceiling 檐板(窗帘盒) cornice ['kɔ:nis]f. WALL (CLADDING) 墙体(外墙板)砖墙brick wall砌块墙block wall清水砖墙brick wall without plastering抹灰墙rendered wall石膏板墙gypsum['dʒɪpsəm]board, plaster board 空心砖墙hollow ['hɔləu]brick wall承重墙bearing wall非承重墙non-bearing wall纵墙longitudinal [,lɒn(d)ʒɪ'tjuːdɪn(ə)l; ]wall横墙transverse wall外墙external[ik'stə:nəl] (exterior) wall内墙internal (interior) wall填充墙filler wall防火墙fire wall窗间墙wall between window空心墙cavity['kævəti]wall压顶coping圈梁gird, girt, girth玻璃隔断glazed wall防潮层damp-proof['dæmppru:f]course (D.P.C) 遮阳板sunshade['sʌnʃeɪd]阳台balcony['bælkəni]伸缩缝expansion[ik'spænʃən] joint[dʒɔint]沉降缝settlement['setlmənt]joint抗震缝seismic['saizmik] joint复合夹心板sandwich board压型单板corrugated['kɔruɡeitid]single steel plate 外墙板cladding panel ['pænl]复合板composite ['kɔmpəzit] panel轻质隔断light-weight partition [pɑ:'tiʃən]牛腿bracket ['brækit]砖烟囱brick chimney ['tʃimni]勒脚(基座) plinth[plɪnθ]g. FLOOR AND TRENCH 地面及地沟地坪grade[ɡreid]地面和楼面ground and floor素土夯实rammed earth炉渣夯实tamped[tæmp]cinder填土filled earth回填土夯实tamped backfill垫层bedding course, blinding['blaindiŋ]面层covering, finish结合层bonding (binding) course找平层leveling course素水泥浆结合层neat cement[si'ment] binding course 混凝土地面concrete floor水泥地面cement floor机器磨平混凝土地面machine trowelled concrete floor 水磨石地面terrazzo[te'rætsəʊ] flooring马赛克地面mosaic flooring瓷砖地面ceramic [si'ræmik] tile flooring油地毡地面linoleum [li'nəuliəm] flooring预制水磨石地面precast terrazzo flooring硬木花地面hard-wood parquet['pɑ:kei] flooring搁栅joist硬木毛地面hard-wood rough [rʌf] flooring企口板地面tongued and grooved flooring防酸地面acid-resistant ['æsidri'zistənt] floor钢筋混凝土楼板reinforced [,ri:in'fɔ:s] concrete slab ['slæbi] (R.C Slab)乙烯基地面vinyl ['vainil] flooring水磨石嵌条divider [di'vaidə] strip for terrazzo地面做2％坡floor with 2% slope集水沟gully ['ɡʌli]集水口gulley排水沟drainage ['dreinidʒ] trench [trentʃ]沟盖板trench cover活动盖板removable cover plate集水坑sump [sʌmp]pit孔翻边hole up stand电缆沟cable trenchh. DOORS,GLASS,WINDOWS &IRONMONGERY(HARDWARE) 门、玻璃、窗及五金件木(钢)门wooden (steel) door镶板门panelled ['pænəld] door夹板门plywood door铝合金门aluminum[ə'lju:minəm]alloy ['ælɔi,]door 卷帘门roller shutter['ʃʌtə] door弹簧门swing door推拉门sliding['slaidiŋ]door平开门side-hung door折叠门folding door旋转门revolving [ri'vɔlviŋ]door玻璃门glazed door密闭门air-Tight door保温门thermal['θə:məl]insulating['insjuleitiŋ] door 镀锌铁丝网门galvanized['gælvənaizd] steel wire mesh door防火门fire door(大门上的)小门wicket门框door frame [freim]门扇door leaf [li:f]门洞door opening 结构开洞structural opening单扇门single['siŋɡl]door双扇门double door疏散门emergency[i'mə:dʒənsi]door纱门screen door门槛door sill门过梁door lintel ['lɪnt(ə)l]上冒头top rail下冒头bottom rail门边木stile门樘侧料side jumb槽口notch木窗wooden window钢窗steel[sti:l]window铝合金窗aluminum alloy window百叶窗(通风为主) sun-bind, louver['luːvə] (louver, shutter, blind)塑钢窗plastic steel window空腹钢窗hollow steel window固定窗fixed window平开窗side-hung window推拉窗sliding window气窗transom上悬窗top-hung window中悬窗center-pivowted indow下悬窗hopper window活动百叶窗adjustable louver天窗skylight老虎窗dormer window密封双层玻璃sealed double glazing钢筋混凝土过梁reinforced concrete lintel钢筋砖过梁reinforced brick lintel窗扇casement sash窗台window sill窗台板window board窗中梃mullion窗横木mutin窗边木stile压缝条cover mould窗帘盒curtain box合页(铰链) hinge (butts)转轴pivot长脚铰链parliament hinge闭门器door closer地弹簧floor closer插销bolt门锁door lock拉手pull链条chain门钩door hanger碰球ball latch窗钩window catch暗插销insert bolt电动开关器electric opener平板玻璃plate glass夹丝玻璃wire glass透明玻璃clear glass毛玻璃(磨砂玻璃) ground glass (frosted glass)防弹玻璃bullet-proof glass石英玻璃quartz [kwɔ:ts] glass吸热玻璃heat absorbing glass磨光玻璃polished glass着色玻璃pigmented glass玻璃瓦glass tile玻璃砖glass block有机玻璃organic[ɔ:'ɡænik] glassI. STAIRCASE, LANDING & LIFT (ELEVATOR) 楼梯、休息平台及电梯楼梯stair [stεə]楼梯间staircase疏散梯emergency stair旋转梯spiral stair (circular stair)吊车梯crane[krein] ladder['lædə]直爬梯vertical['və:tikəl]ladder踏步step扇形踏步winder (wheel step)踏步板tread [tred]档步板riser踏步宽度tread width [witθ]防滑条non-slip insert['insə:t] (strips)栏杆railing['reiliŋ](balustrade)[,bælə'streɪd]平台栏杆platform railing吊装孔栏杆railing around mounting hole扶手handrail['hændreil]梯段高度height[hait]of flight防护梯笼protecting cage (safety cage)平台landing (platform)操作平台operating platform装卸平台platform for loading & unloading楼梯平台stair landing客梯passenger ['pæsindʒə]lift货梯goods lift客/货两用梯goods/passenger lift液压电梯hydraulic lift自动扶梯escalator ['eskəleitə]观光电梯observation elevator['eliveitə]电梯机房lift mortar['mɔ:tə] room电梯坑lift pit电梯井道lift shaftj. BUILDING MATERIAL WORDS AND PHRASES 建筑材料词汇及短语Bricks and Tiles 砖和瓦红砖red brick粘土砖clay brick瓷砖glazed [ɡleizd] brick (ceramic tile)防火砖fire brick空心砖hollow brick面砖facing brick地板砖flooring tile [tail]缸砖clinkery brick马赛克mosaic陶粒混凝土ceramsite concrete琉璃瓦glazed tile脊瓦ridge tile石棉瓦asbestos tile (shingle)波形石棉水泥瓦corrugated asbestos cement sheet Lime, Sand and Stone 灰、砂和石石膏gypsum ['dʒɪpsəm]大理石marble['mɑ:bl]汉白玉white marble花岗岩granite['ɡrænit]碎石crushed[krʌʃt]stone毛石rubble['rʌbl]蛭石vermiculite珍珠岩pearlite['pɜːlaɪt]水磨石terrazzo [te'rætsəʊ]卵石cobble砾石gravel粗砂course sand中砂medium sand细砂fine sandCement, Mortar ['mɔ:tə] and Concrete 水泥、砂浆和混凝土波特兰水泥(普通硅酸盐水泥) Portland cement硅酸盐水泥silicate['silikit,] cement火山灰水泥pozzolana cement白水泥white cement[si'ment]水泥砂浆cement mortar石灰砂浆lime [laim] mortar水泥石灰砂浆(混合砂浆) cement-lime mortar保温砂浆thermal['θə:məl]mortar防水砂浆water-proof mortar耐酸砂浆acid['æsid] -resistant [ri'zistənt]mortar耐碱砂浆alkaline['ælkəlain]-resistant mortar沥青砂浆bituminous [bi'tju:minəs]mortar纸筋灰paper strip mixed lime mortar麻刀灰hemp cut lime mortar灰缝mortar joint素混凝土plain concrete钢筋混凝土reinforced concrete轻质混凝土lightweight concrete细石混凝土fine aggregate concrete沥青混凝土asphalt concrete泡沫混凝土foamed concrete炉渣混凝土cinder concreteFacing And Plastering Materials 饰面及粉刷材料水刷石granitic plaster斩假石artificial stone刷浆lime wash可赛银casein大白浆white wash麻刀灰打底hemp cuts and lime as base喷大白浆两道sprayed twice with white wash分格抹水泥砂浆cement mortar plaster sectioned 板条抹灰lath and plasterAsphalt(Bitumen) and Asbestos 沥青和石棉沥青卷材asphalt felt沥青填料asphalt['æsfælt]filler沥青胶泥asphalt grout冷底子油adhesive bitumen primer沥青玛啼脂asphaltic mastic沥青麻丝bitumastic oakum石棉板asbestos sheet [ʃi:t]石棉纤维asbestos fiberTimber 木材['timbə]裂缝crack透裂split环裂shake[ʃeik]干缩shrinkage翘曲warping原木log圆木round timber方木square timber板材plank木条batten板条lath木板board红松red pine[pain]白松white pine落叶松deciduous [di'sidjuəs]pine云杉spruce [spru:s]柏木cypress ['saipris]白杨white poplar ['pɔplə]桦木birch[bə:tʃ]冷杉fir[fə:]栎木oak榴木willow['wiləu]榆木elm[elm]杉木cedar['si:də]柚木teak [ti:k]樟木camphor ['kæmfə]wood防腐处理的木材preservative [pri'zə:vətiv]-treated lumber胶合板plywood三(五)合板3(5)-plywood企口板tongued and grooved board 层夹板laminated['læmineitid] plank胶合层夹木材glue-laminated lumber纤维板fiber-board竹子bamboo[bæm'bu:]Metallic Materials 金属材料黑色金属ferrous metal圆钢steelbBar方钢square steel扁钢steel strap,flat steel型钢steel section (shape)槽钢channel角钢angle steel等边角钢equal-leg angle不等边角钢unequal-leg angle工字钢I-beam宽翼缘工字钢wide flange I-beam丁( 之)字钢T-bar (Z-bar)冷弯薄壁型钢light gauge cold-formed steel shape 热轧hot-rolled冷轧cold-rolled冷拉cold-drawn冷压cold-pressed合金钢alloy steel钛合金titanium alloy不锈钢stainless['steinlis]steel竹节钢筋corrugated steel bar变形钢筋deformed bar光圆钢筋plain round bar钢板steel plate薄钢板thin steel plate低碳钢low carbon steel冷弯cold bending钢管steel pipe (tube)无缝钢管seamless steel pipe [paip]焊接钢管welded steel pipe黑铁管iron ['aiən]pipe镀锌钢管galvanized steel pipe铸铁cast iron生铁pig iron熟铁wrought iron镀锌铁皮galvanized ['gælvənaizd] steel sheet镀锌铁丝galvanized steel wire['waiə]钢丝网steel wire mesh[meʃ]多孔金属网expanded metal锰钢managanese steel高强度合金钢high strength alloy steelNon-Ferrous Metal 有色金属金gold白金platinum['plætinəm]铜copper黄铜brass青铜bronze银silver ['silvə]铝aluminum [ə'lju:minəm]铅leadAnti-Corrosion Materials 防腐蚀材料聚乙烯polythene, polyethylene [,pɔli:'eθə,li:n]尼龙nylon聚氯乙烯PVC (polyvinyl chloride)聚碳酸酯polycarbonate聚苯乙烯polystyrene丙烯酸树酯acrylic resin乙烯基酯vinyl ester橡胶内衬rubber lining氯丁橡胶neoprene沥青漆bitumen['bɪtjʊmən]paint环氧树脂漆epoxy resin['rezin]paint氧化锌底漆zinc oxide primer防锈漆anti-rust paint耐酸漆acid-resistant[ri'zistənt] paint耐碱漆alkali-resistant paint水玻璃sodium silicate树脂砂浆resin-bonded mortar['mɔ:tə]环氧树脂epoxy resinBuilding Hardware 建筑五金钉子nails[neil]螺纹屋面钉spiral-threaded roofing nail环纹石膏板钉annular-ring gypsum['dʒɪpsəm] board nail螺丝screws[skru:]平头螺丝flat-head screw螺栓bolt普通螺栓commercial[kə'mə:ʃəl] bolt高强螺栓high strength bolt预埋螺栓insert bolt胀锚螺栓cinch[sintʃ]bolt垫片washerPaint 油漆底漆primer['praimə]防锈底漆rust-inhibitive[in'hibitiv]primer防腐漆anti-corrosion paint调和漆mixed paint无光漆flat paint透明漆varnish['vɑ:niʃ]银粉漆aluminum paint磁漆enamel paint干性油drying oil稀释剂thinner['θinə]焦油tar沥青漆asphalt paint桐油tung oil, Chinese wood oil红丹red lead铅油lead oil腻子putty['pʌti]k. OTHER ARCHITECTURAL TERMS 其它建筑术语Discipline['disiplin]专业建筑architecture土木civil给排水water supply and drainage['dreinidʒ]总图plot plan采暖通风H.V.A.C (heating、ventilation and air conditioning)电力供应electric power supply电气照明electric lighting电讯telecommunication仪表instrument热力供应heat power supply动力mechanical[mi'kænikəl]power工艺process technology管道piping['paipiŋ]Conventional Terms 一般通用名词建筑原理architectonics建筑形式architectural style民用建筑civil architecture城市建筑urban architecture农村建筑rural ['ruərəl] architecture农业建筑farm building工业建筑industrial building重工业的heavy industrial轻工业的light industrial古代建筑ancient['einʃənt] architecture现代建筑modern architecture标准化建筑standardized buildings附属建筑auxiliary [ɔ:ɡ'ziljəri] buildings城市规划city planning厂区内within site厂区外offsite封闭式closed type开敞式open type半开敞式semi-open type模数制modular system单位造价unit cost概算preliminary[pri'liminəri]estimate ['estimeit]承包商constructor, contractor现场site扩建extension[ik'stenʃən]改建reconstruction防火fire-prevention防震aseismatic, [,eisaiz'mætik]quake-proof防腐anti-corrosion防潮dump[dʌmp]-proof防水water-proof防尘dust-proof防锈rust-proof车流量traffic volume['vɔlju:m]货流量freight traffic volume人流量pedestrian [pi'destriən]volume透视图perspective drawing建筑模型building model建筑物理Architectural Physics照明illumination [i,lju:mi'neiʃən]照度degree of illumination亮度brightness日照sunshine天然采光natural lighting光强light intensity侧光side light顶光top light眩光glaze方位角azimuth['æziməθ]辐射radiation对流convection传导conduction遮阳sun-shade保温thermal['θə:məl] insulation恒温constant temperature恒湿constant humidity噪音noise隔音sound-proof吸音sound absorption[əb'sɔ:pʃən]露点dew point隔汽vapor-proofName Of Professional role 职务名称项目经理project manager (PM)设计经理design manager首席建筑师principal architect总工程师chief[tʃi:f] engineer [,endʒi'niə]土木工程师civil engineer工艺工程师process engineer电气工程师electrical engineer机械工程师mechanical engineer计划工程师planning engineer助理工程师assistant[ə'sistənt]engineer实习生probationer[prə'beɪʃ(ə)nə]专家specialist, expert制图员draftsman['drɑ:ftsmən, 'dræft-]技术员technician[tek'niʃən]Drafting 制图总说明general specification [,spesifi'keiʃən]工程说明project specification采用标准规范目录list of standards and specification adopted图纸目录list of drawings平面图plan局部放大图detail with enlarged scale[skeil]．．．平面示意图schematic[ski:'mætik]plan of... ．．．平剖面图sectional plan of... 留孔平面图plan of provision of holes剖面section纵剖面longitudinal section横剖面cross (transverse) section立面elevation[,eli'veiʃən]正立面front elevation透视图perspective drawing侧立面side elevation背立面back elevation详图detail drawings典型节点typical ['tipikəl]detail节点号detail No.首页front page图纸目录及说明list of contents and description图例legend['ledʒənd]示意图diagram['daiəɡræm]草图sketch荷载简图load diagram流程示意图flow diagram标准图standard drawing．．．布置图layout['leiaut]of ...地形图topographical map土方工程图earth-work drawing展开图developed drawing模板图formwork drawing配筋arrangement of reinforcement表格tables工程进度表working schedule{'skedʒu:əl}技术经济指标technical and economical index ['indeks]建、构筑物一览表list of buildings and structures ['strʌkt ʃə]编号coding序列号serial No.行和栏rows and columns备注remarks等级grade[ɡreid]直线straight Line曲线curves [kə:v]曲折线zigzag line虚线dotted 'dɔtid] line实线solid line影线hatching line点划线dot and dash line轴线axis ['æksis]等高线contour Line中心线center Line双曲线hyperbola[haɪ'pɜːbələ]抛物线parabola[pə'ræbələ]切线tangent ['tændʒənt]Line尺寸线dimension[di'menʃən,Line园形round环形annular ['ænjulə]方形square矩形rectangle['rek,tæŋɡl]平行四边形parallelogram[,pærə'leləgræm]三角形triangle['traiæŋɡl]五角形pentagon['pentəɡən]六角形hexagon['heksəɡən]八角形octagon ['ɔktəɡən梯形trapezoid ['træpɪzɒɪd;圆圈circle弓形sagment扇形sector球形的spherical ['sferikəl抛物面paraboloid圆锥形cone椭圆形ellipse, oblong面积area体积volume['vɔlju:m]容量capacity重量weight质量mass力force米meter厘米centimeter毫米millimeter公顷hectate牛顿/平方米Newton/square meter千克/立方米kilogram/cubic meter英尺foot英寸inch磅pound吨ton加仑gallon千磅kip平均尺寸average dimension变尺寸variable dimension外形尺寸overall dimension展开尺寸developed dimension内径inside diameter外径outside diameter净重net weight毛重gross weight数量quantity百分比percentage净空clearance净高headroom净距clear distance净跨clear span截面尺寸sectional dimension开间bay [bei]进深depth[depθ]单跨single span [/spæn/]双跨double span 多跨multi-span标高elevation, level绝对标高absolute['æbsəlju:t, elevation设计标高designed elevation室外地面标高ground elevation室内地面标高floor elevation柱网column grid坐标coordinate [kəu'ɔ:dinit,厂区占地site area使用面积usable area辅助面积service area通道面积passage area管架pipe rack管廊pipeline gallery架空管线overhead pipeline排水沟drain[drein] ditch [ditʃ]集水坑sump pit喷泉fountain['fauntin]地漏floor drain消火栓fire hydrant['haidrənt]灭火器fire extinguisher[ik'stiŋɡwiʃ]二氧化碳灭火器carbon dioxide extinguisher 卤代烷灭火器halon extinguisher。

高等学校规划教材建筑学专业英语（蒋山应宜文主编）中国建筑工业出版社16元单词部分1.1 melting of cultures in the new architecture 新建筑时代的文化融合第一章 1.1 Intensive Reading of Architecture 建筑设计精读Testify v. 证明声明表明adoption n. 采纳正式通过Mechanism n. 机械，结构mentality n. 智力Integration n, 整合，集成controversy n. 辩论Domestic n,. 国内的inferiority n. 劣势，自卑感Interaction n. 交互作用，交流cooperation n. 合作，协力Inspiration n. 灵感，妙计，好办法boundary n 界限，范围Creativity n. 创造力，独创uniqueness n. 独一无二，独特性Duplication n,. 副本，复制synonym n. 同义字，同物异名Paramount adj. 最重要的，至上的masterpiece n. 杰作，名著Encomium n. 赞词，赞美，称颂pagoda n. 宝塔Perspective adj 远景，透视profile n. 侧面，远观，轮廓Construction n. 结构，建筑resplendent adj. 辉煌的，灿烂的Jewel n. 珠宝，贵重的appreciate. 赏识，鉴赏Biennial architecture exhibition 建筑双年展The National Stadium 国家体育场The Water cube 水立方1.2 the architecture of housing 住房evaluate v. 评价，估计acknowledge v. 承认，报偿subjectively adv. 主观的objectively adv. 客观的beholder n. 目睹着，旁观者quantifiable adj. 可以计量的paraphrase v. 解释criteria n. 标准commodity n. 日用品，有用的东西firmness n. 坚定，稳固delight n. 快乐，高兴，喜悦appropriate adj. 适当的aluminum n. 铝suitability n.合适，适当，适宜性rhythm n. 节奏，韵律dimension n. 尺寸，尺度，维数anticipate v. 期望，预期，预见proportion n. 比例，均衡，面积intense adj. 强烈的，热切的rigid adj 刚硬的，刚性的，严格的variation n 变更，变化provoke v 激怒，惹起，驱使Clap v 鼓掌，轻拍eliminate v 排除，消除Detract v 转移unity n 团结，联合，一致Merchandising n. 销售规划nutritionist n 销售规划Nutritionist n. 营养学家superficial adj 表面的，肤浅的，浅薄的Suburban adj 郊外的，偏远的inconsistent adj 不一致的，不协调的，矛盾的——be dealt with——谈到，论述，被动语态at a large scale——大规模的，大范围的——at random 任意的，随意的phoney shutters 华而不实的百叶窗或活动挡板gothic cathedral 哥特式教堂Thesse criteria aare : commodity,firmness,delight.表示“这些标准分别是：便利实用性，稳固性，愉悦舒适性。

建筑英语名词以下为您提供 20 个关于建筑的英语相关内容：1. **Building** 名词：建筑物- 英语释义：A structure with a roof and walls, such as a house, factory, or office.- 短语：office building 办公楼；residential building 住宅楼- 单词用法：“The building is very tall.”（这座建筑很高。

）- 双语例句：They are building a new building in the city center. （他们正在市中心建造一座新的建筑物。

）2. **Architecture** 名词：建筑学；建筑风格- 英语释义：The art and science of designing buildings and structures.- 短语：modern architecture 现代建筑；classical architecture 古典建筑- 单词用法：“The architecture of this church is magnificent.” （这座教堂的建筑风格很宏伟。

）- 双语例句：She studied architecture at university. （她在大学学习建筑学。

）3. **Construction** 名词：建设；建造- 英语释义：The process of building something.- 短语：construction site 建筑工地；construction project 建设项目 - 单词用法：“The construction of the bridge will take two years.” （这座桥的建造将需要两年时间。

）- 双语例句：The company is involved in the construction of many important projects. （该公司参与了许多重要项目的建设。

建筑学是建造的艺术。

实质上整个建筑学都与供人使用的围合空间有关。

建筑物内部一些空间的大小和形状是由那些将要容纳在该建筑物(如从工厂的装配线到住宅中的起居室)里的确切活动所规定。

这些空间的排列还应有合理的关系。

另外，人在建筑物中的走动需要有走廊、楼梯或电梯，其尺寸受预期交通负荷的支配。

建筑方案是建筑师首先要考虑的事，它把对建筑物的各种要求安排成体现建筑意图的空间组合。

好的方案可以使来访者在建筑中找到其目的地并留下印象，这种印象也许是下意识地通过把大的建筑体系中一些单元明显地联系起来而造成的。

相反，坏的方案所产生的结果是不方便、浪费和视觉上的混乱。

此外，一座建筑的结构必须建造良好;它必须具有永久性。

这种永久性既是设计意图要求的，也是材料的选择所允许的。

建筑材料(石、砖、木材、钢材或玻璃)部分地决定着建筑物的形式，并被这些形式所表现。

石头几乎可以无限地承受压力。

在实验室中能把石头压碎，但在实际使用中它的耐压程度几乎是无限的。

然而它的抗拉性却是十分脆弱的。

任何横跨空间的梁都会出现在支点间下弯的趋势，从而使梁的下半部处于拉应力状态。

基于石头抗拉力差的缘故，这种材料的梁须相对短，且支点多。

还有，石柱必须粗而短，其高度很少超过宽度的十倍。

在石建筑中，窗、门以及支柱间的空间，其高度不得不超过宽度，从而形成了狭长矩形的石建筑美。

木材是一种含纤维的材料，既可承受压应力，又可承受拉应力。

木梁比起石梁要相应长些;木柱则比较细，但间距宽。

由于木材的天然性能而形成宽度大于高度的扁而宽的矩形建筑，正如在日本建筑中所看到的那样。

钢也具有等于或大于其抗压强度的抗拉强度。

任何观察过正在施工中的钢结构建筑物的人，必定注意到由每块地面上伸出的细长而间隔很宽的柱子和长梁形成的横向长方形网格结构。

本材和钢材的性能适用于框架(-种支撑楼面和楼顶的构架)，当然还需其他的铺面材料。

木材和钢材还可制成悬臂梁，伸出最后的支点以外。

最后，建筑不仅要满足强度和空间的实际要求，它还必须满足人类的精神需要。

Lesson 2 Building and Architecture一、New Words:1.Architecture 建筑学[N] [ˋɑrkə͵tɛktʃɚ]2.Shelter躲避处; 避难所[N] [ˋʃɛltɚ]3. Performance 演出[N] [pɚˋfɔrməns]4.dweller 居民[N] [ˋdwɛlɚ]5. encompasses 围绕[N] [ɪnˋkʌmpəs]6. canals 运河; 河渠[N] [kəˋnæl]7. aqueducts 导水管[N] [ˋækwɪ͵dʌkt]二、paragraph [n]The purpose of a building is to provide a shelter for the performance of human activities. 建筑目地是要提供一个居住的地方给人们去活动。

From the time of the cave dwellers to the present, one of the first needs of man has been a shelter from the elements.从远古时期洞穴居民，他们须要一个躲避处来居住。

In a more general sense, the art of building encompasses all of man’s effort to control its environment and direct natural forces to his own needs.一般来说，艺术的建筑乃是将建筑居所包围起来对于人们能掌握控制环境和对抗天然灾害的外力。

This art includes, in addition to buildings, all the civil engineering structures such as dams, canals, tunnels, aqueducts, and bridges.建筑包含，建造所有土木工程结构例如水坝，河渠、隧道、导水管、桥梁。

Unit 2 Architectural HistoryText ANew words●Pre-Columbian a.哥伦布到达美洲以前的——中文解释：哥伦布发现美洲大陆以前的英文解释：of or relating to or originating in theAmericas before the arrival of Columbus●Indigenous a. 当地的，本土的——中文解释：本地的，当地的，土生土长的英文解释：belonging to a particular place rather than coming to it \ from somewhere else●Reign n. 统治，（君主）统治时期——中文解释：统治；统治时期；支配英文解释：the period during which a king, queen, emperor rules ●Excavate v. 发掘（古物等）——中文解释：发掘(文物等)，从土中掘出(古物等)英文解释：to dig in the ground to look for old buildings or objects thathave been buried for a long time●Awesome a. 令人敬畏的——中文解释：令人惊叹的，使人惊惧的，很困难的，难得吓人的英文解释：very impressive or very difficult and perhaps rather frightening●Rectangular a. 矩形的，具有矩形形状的——中文解释：矩形的；成直角的英文解释：having a set of mutually perpendicular axes; meeting at rightangles●Symmetrical a. 对称的或呈对称状的——中文解释: （身体，图案，物体等）对称的英文解释: (of a body, a design, an object, ect.) having two halves,parts, or sides that are the same in size and shape●Epitomize v. 成为……的典型范例——中文解释：成为……的典范（或典型）英文解释: to be a perfect example of sth●Bold a. 粗线条的——中文解释：大胆的, 陡峭的, 醒目的, 粗体的, 无礼的英文解释：(of shape, color, lines, etc) that can be easily seen, having a strong clearappearance●Integral a. 构成整体所需要的——中文解释：作为组成部分的●英文解释：included as part of sth, rather than supplied seperately●Mayan a. 玛雅的，玛雅人的，玛雅文化的——中文解释：玛雅族(人、语)的玛雅人（Mayan）中美洲地区和墨西哥印第安人的一支。

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新牛津高中英语模块二第二单元知识点整理及单元练习M2Unit Two一、词汇大集合I。

单词1. adventure 冒险，冒险经历2. astonishing 令人惊讶的3。

camel 骆驼4。

dusty 尘土飞扬的，满是灰尘的5. local 当地的,地方的6。

camp 宿营,宿营地7. torch 手电筒，火把，火炬8. dark 黑暗9. uncomfortable 不舒服的,不自在的10。

actually 实际上，事实上11。

white-water rafting 白浪漂流，激浪漂流12。

clothing 衣服,服装13. helmet 头盔14. life jacket 救生衣15. raft 筏子，乘筏子漂流16. upside down 颠倒，上下翻转过来17。

whatever 无论什么，无论何事18. including 包括19。

backpack 背包20. supply供给，补给，提供，21. giraffe 长颈鹿22。

gun 枪,炮23。

scare 使恐惧,恐吓24. up close 靠近地25. tiring 让人疲劳的累人的26. sick 感到恶心的，患病的27. sunset 日落，晚霞28. African 非洲的,非洲人29。

常见的建筑术语的英文翻译集之一以下是一些常见的建筑术语的英文翻译集合之一：1. 建筑设计- Architectural Design2. 建筑结构- Building Structure3. 建筑材料- Building Materials4. 建筑施工- Building Construction5. 建筑成本- Construction Cost6. 建筑风格- Architectural Style7. 建筑师- Architect8. 建筑规划- Building Planning9. 建筑模型- Architectural Model10. 建筑面积- Building Area11. 建筑高度- Building Height12. 建筑容积率- Plot Ratio13. 建筑法规- Building Codes and Regulations14. 建筑节能- Energy Efficiency in Buildings15. 建筑智能化- Intelligent Buildings16. 绿色建筑- Green Buildings17. 可持续建筑- Sustainable Buildings18. 建筑声学- Architectural Acoustics19. 建筑光学- Architectural Optics20. 室内设计- Interior Design21. 景观设计- Landscape Design22. 结构设计- Structural Design23. 给排水设计- Water Supply and Drainage Design24. 暖通空调设计- HVAC Design25. 电气设计- Electrical Design26. 消防设计- Fire Protection Design27. 智能化系统设计- Intelligent System Design28. 施工组织设计- Construction Organization Design29. 施工图设计- Construction Drawing Design30. 装饰装修设计- Decoration and Finishing Design31. 建筑声学设计- Architectural Acoustics Design32. 建筑光学设计- Architectural Optics Design33. 建筑热工设计- Architectural Thermal Design34. 建筑美学设计- Architectural Aesthetic Design35. 建筑环境设计- Architectural Environment Design36. 建筑风水学- Feng Shui37. 建筑日照分析- Solar Analysis for Buildings38. 建筑通风分析- Ventilation Analysis for Buildings39. 建筑声环境分析- Acoustic Environment Analysis for Buildings40. 建筑光环境分析- Daylighting Environment Analysis for Buildings41. 建筑热环境分析- Thermal Environment Analysis for Buildings42. 建筑面积计算- Building Area Calculation43. 建筑楼层高度- Storey Height44. 建筑消防设计- Fire Protection Design for Buildings45. 建筑结构安全评估- Structural Safety Evaluation for Buildings46. 建筑抗震设计- Seismic Design for Buildings47. 建筑防洪设计- Flood-resistant Design for Buildings48. 建筑工程招标- Building Engineering Tendering49. 建筑工程施工许可- Construction Permission for Building Projects50. 建筑工程造价咨询- Engineering Cost Consulting for Building Projects51. 建筑工程监理- Project Supervision for Building Projects52. 建筑工程验收- Acceptance of Building Projects53. 建筑工程质量检测- Quality Detection of Building Projects54. 建筑工程质量评估- Quality Evaluation of Building Projects55. 建筑工程质量保修- Quality Guarantee of Building Projects56. 建筑工程档案- Construction Project Archives57. 建筑工程安全- Construction Safety58. 建筑工程管理- Construction Project Management59. 建筑工程合同- Construction Contract60. 建筑工程保险- Construction Insurance61. 建筑工程材料- Construction Materials62. 建筑工程机械- Construction Machinery63. 建筑工程劳务- Construction Labor64. 建筑工程施工组织设计- Construction Organization Design for Building Projects65. 建筑工程施工图设计- Construction Drawing Design for Building Projects66. 建筑工程施工进度计划- Construction Progress Plan for Building Projects67. 建筑工程施工质量控制- Construction Quality Control for Building Projects68. 建筑工程施工安全管理- Construction Safety Management for Building Projects69. 建筑工程施工现场管理- Construction Site Management for Building Projects70. 建筑工程施工成本管理- Construction Cost Management for Building Projects71. 建筑工程施工环境保护- Environmental Protection in Building Construction72. 建筑工程施工节能管理- Energy-saving Management in Building Construction73. 建筑工程施工水土保持- Soil and Water Conservation in Building Construction74. 建筑工程施工质量控制要点- Key Points of Construction Quality Control for Building Projects75. 建筑工程施工安全控制要点- Key Points of Construction Safety Control for Building Projects76. 建筑工程施工质量验收规范- Acceptance Specification for Construction Quality ofBuilding Projects77. 建筑立面设计- Façade Design78. 建筑剖面设计- Section Design79. 建筑立面分析图- Façade Analysis Diagram80. 建筑剖面分析图- Section Analysis Diagram81. 建筑结构分析图- Structural Analysis Diagram82. 建筑平面图- Floor Plan83. 建筑立面图- Façade Drawing84. 建筑剖面图- Section Drawing85. 建筑轴测图- Axonometric Drawing86. 建筑渲染图- Architectural Rendering87. 建筑模型制作- Model Making88. 建筑绘画- Architectural Drawing89. 建筑表现图- Architectural Representation90. 建筑动画- Architectural Animation91. 建筑摄影- Architectural Photography92. 建筑信息模型- Building Information Modeling (BIM)93. 建筑环境评估- Building Environmental Assessment94. 建筑节能评估- Building Energy Efficiency Assessment95. 建筑可持续性评估- Building Sustainability Assessment96. 建筑健康评估- Building Health Assessment97. 建筑设备系统设计- Building Equipment System Design98. 建筑电气系统设计- Electrical System Design for Buildings99. 建筑给排水系统设计- Water Supply and Drainage System Design for Buildings 100. 建筑暖通空调系统设计- HVAC System Design for Buildings。