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2020中考英语 现在完成时导学案 外研版

2020中考英语 现在完成时导学案 外研版
2020中考英语 现在完成时导学案 外研版

2020中考英语:现在完成时

现在完成时态是中考必考的内容之一,既是重点,也是难点。通过本文的指导,相信每一个同学对于现在完成时这一知识点的运用和应试也能得心应手。

一、现在完成时的意义及用法:

1. 表示一个过去发生的动作在过去已经完成,并且这个过去发生并完成的动作对现在有影响或结果,同时说话者强调的或感兴趣的就是这个影响或结果(影响性)。

I have seen this movie, so I won’t go to the cinema.

我已经看过这部电影了,因此我不去电影院。(看这部电影是过去发生的,对现在的影响是已经知晓电影内容,不想再去看。)

2. 表示一个过去发生的动作并未在过去完成,而是一直持续到现在,并且有可能继续下去或许也可能到此结束(持续性)。

We have learnt English for three years.

我们已经学英语三年了。(从三年前开始学英语,一直持续到现在,后续还可能继续学下去)

注意:现在完成时态在大的范畴上属于现在时,不是过去时。

与一般过去时的区别:两个时态的动作都是发生在过去,但现在完成时强调的是动作持续到了现在,并对现在造成了影响,而一般过去时与现在没有任何关系,只是表达一个过去的动作,不涉及现在的情况。

(1)Tom have lived in China since 1999.

(2)Tom lived in China in 1999.

(1)句中强调Tom自从1999年就住在中国,从1999年一直到现在。(2)句中强调Tom 在1999年住在中国,仅限于过去(1999年),现在情况如何无从知晓。

提醒:在平时的交际或作文中,能用现在完成时的,尽可能用现在完成时来表达。

二、现在完成时的结构

主语 + have/has + 动词的过去分词

三、常用搭配

标志性时间状语:since + 过去时间点或一般过去时, so far, by + 现在时间

非标志性时间状语:recently, for + 时间段

常用副词:already, yet, still...

四、现在完成时的考点

1.当句中出现了过去的时间状语时,不能用现在完成时;同时,现在完成时也不能用when, what time提问。

例如:I have read this story book. I read it last month.

我已经读过这本故事书。我上个月读的。(第一句中强调对现在的影响,用了现在完成时,但第二句中因为有了过去的时间状语last month,所以第二句不能用现在完成时,只能

用一般过去时。)

例如:They have visited the Great Wall. When did they visit?

他们已经参观过长城,他们什么时候参观的。(第一句用现在完成时了,但第二句不能用现在完成时,因为是用when提问。此句中用when或what time提问,就意味着是对具体的过去时间提问,所以也只能用一般过去时,不能用现在完成时。)

2.时间状语for与since的区别

for后面接时间段,since后面接过去的时间点或一般过去时的句子,二者可以互换。

I have stayed here for two hours.= I have stayed here since two hours ago.

Kate has studied in this school since she came to China.

3.当现在完成时的时间状语为for, since, in the last/past...时,其肯定句的谓语

动词必须为延续性动词。(否定句可以是短暂性动词)

例如:Jim’s grandfather has died for ten years.这是一个错误的句子,大家想一想,句子中的谓语动词是died,可以理解,无论如何die这个动词是瞬间动作,不可能持续10年,持续10年的是死亡的状态,所以这个句子应该改为:Jim’s grandfather has been dead for ten years.

中考常见的短暂性动词与延续性动词的转换如下:

borrow/lend—keep go/come—be in/at die—be dead

begin/start—be on buy—have leave—be away (from)

arrive/get to/reach—be in/at join—be a member of

平时我们在作文中,常见的转换规律是:先找找同义动词,再找形容词,最后找介词或副词短语。

延续性动词与短暂性动词不仅仅是存在于现在完成时中,在一些延续性时间状语的句子中都要注意这个问题,如how long...,until句型。

4.have/has gone to、 have/has been to和have/has been in/at的区别

have/has gone to:已经去了(表示在去的路上或已经到了或已经在回来的路上,但切记:这个句型强调不在这里,看不到句子的)

have/has been to:已经去过了(表示曾经过去,现在已经回来了)

have/has been in/at:已经在……(已经在某地待了,是延续性)

例如:

--Kate, I haven’t seen you for long time.---_______________

A.Where have you gone?

B. Where have you been ?

B. C. Where have you been in? D. Where have you gone to ?

这题选B,可能许多同学选A,A项的意思是你去了哪儿,强调不在这儿,两者在互相对话,明显不符合。B的意思是你去过哪儿,表示曾经去过,现在已经回来,符合题意。

五、专项练习题

一、单选题(本大题共20小题,共20.0分)

1.— Ningbo _______a lot in the past10 years.

— Yeah, you`re right.

A. changes

B. has changed

C. has been changed

D. will change

2.It's nice to see you again.We each other since 2020.()

A. won't see

B. don't see

C. haven't seen

D. didn't see

3.―Amy,can we give away these soft toys?We them for many years.

―Mom,but I want to keep the bear.

A. bought

B. had

C. have bought

D. have had

4.--You know a lot about Chinese history, don?t you?

--Yes, I China for a long time since 1998.

A. have come to

B. have gone to

C. have been to

D. have lived in

5.-_____ you ______ the magazine from the library yet?

-Yes. I _____ it for three days.

A. Have, borrowed; have kept

B. Have borrowed; have borrowed

C. Have , kept; have borrowed

D. Have, kept, have kept

6.-I hear you ________ the USA. When ________ you go there?

-Last summer holiday.

A. have been to; did

B. have gone to; will

C. have been to; do

D. have gone; did

7.So far many terrible natural disasters_______ lots of people lose their homes.

A. made

B. make

C. have made

D. makes

8.Today I will meet my best friend. We__________ each other since I left school.

A. don’t see

B. didn’t see

C. won’t see

D. haven’t seen

9.-_____________ did your uncle leave his home town?.-Let me see.He

_______ for nearly twenty years.()

A. When;has left

B. When;has been away

C. How long;has left

D. How long;has been away

10.This medicine millions of people's lives since it was put into use.()

A. is saving

B. will save

C. has saved

D. had saved

11.--- How long has your daughter _______ the USA?

--- Since 2020.

A. been to

B. gone to

C. been in

D. been away

12.I________ the History Museum twice.I’ve learned a lot there.()

A. visit

B. amvisiting

C. have visited

D. will visit

13.-Can you tell me how long you______the Huawei mobile phone,Mr.Zhang.

-Nearly a year.It works very well.()

A. will buy

B. have had

C. have bought

D. had had.

14.The Dongying-Hainan airline for about 5 months. I have taken the

flights three times.

A. is open

B. has opened

C. has been open

D. has been opened

15.—I haven’t seen your brother for a long time. Where is he?

—He ________ to America to study. He ________ there last Sunday.

A. went; goes

B. has gone; has gone

C. has gone; went

16.A couple of years _______ since we ______ last time.()

A. have passed;have met

B. have past;have met

C. has past;met

D. has passed;met

17.His parents for over 40 years and they love each other very

much.

A. have been married

B. have married

C. will marry

D. married

18.I _____ the book for two weeks.I must return it to the school l

ibrary.()

A. borrow

B. have borrowed

C. kept

D. have kept

19.-Look!Your teacher Miss White is over there.

-No,it can't be her.She ______ to Beijing.()

A. has gone

B. has been

C. went

D. will go

20.Hurry up!The play ___________ for ten minutes.()

A. has been on

B. has begun

C. had begun

D. began

六、答案和解析

1.【答案】B

【解析】

句意:宁波在过去的10年当中改变了很多。——是的,你说得对。结合语境可知本句描述的是从过去一直持续到现在的动作,故用现在完成时态。选B。

2.【答案】C

【解析】

答案:C.现在完成时,表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果.或从过去已经开始,持续到现在的动作或状态.根据It's nice to see you again.很高兴再次

见到你.可知是说现在见到了.根据since 2020,可知从过去已经开始,持续到现在的状态.应该用现在完成时态.现在完成时态的构成:助动词have/has+过去分词,否定式为:助动词have/has+not+过去分词.根据主语we,所以应该用haven't seen,故选:C.

很高兴再次见到你.自从2020以来,我们彼此就没有见过面.

本题主要考查动词时态,做此类题目要注意时间状语、标志词.根据上下文所表达的含义,做出判断.同时更应记清时态的构成形式.就本题而言,主要考查现在完成时态.

3.【答案】D

【解析】

句意:——Amy,我们能把这些软玩具捐了吗?我们已经买了它们好多年了。——妈妈,但是我想留着这个小熊。本题考查动词的时态。根据题干中的for many years及语境可知本空用现在完成时,而且动词应用延续性动词。buy的延续性动词为have,由此可知答案为D。

4.【答案】D

【解析】

句意:-你对中国历史了解很多,是吗?-是的,自从1998年我就一直住在中国。have come to 来到……;have gone to 去了,还没回来;have been to去过,已经回来了;have lived in 一直居住在……。根据句意可知,说话人自从1998年就一直住在中国,所以对中国的历史很了解。故选D。

5.【答案】A

【解析】

句意:---你曾经从图书馆里借过杂志吗?---是的,我借了三天的时间。完成时的结构一般疑问句Have+主语+done+其他,for+一段时间要求谓语动词用持续性动词,故用keep,结合语境故选A

6.【答案】A

【解析】

句意:—我听说你去过美国,你什么时候去的?—去年暑假。根据句意第一空是到现在为止曾经去过,所以用have been to;第二空根据句意及回答是应该用一般过去时态,所以选A。

7.【答案】C

【解析】

句意:到目前为止,可怕的自然灾害已经是许多人失去了他们的家。时间状语是so far,故应用现在完成时,即为have/has+动词的过去分词,故选C。

8.【答案】D

【解析】

句意:今天我遇见了我最好的朋友,自从离开学校以来我们彼此从没见过。since I left school 引导的从句相当于一段时间,故主句应用现在完成时,所以应选D。

9.【答案】B

【解析】

答案:B.结合语境可知上文描述的是过去发生的动作,故用一般过去时态.下文

for nearly twenty years描述的是从过去一直持续到现在的动作,故用现在完成时态have/has+过去分词.瞬间动词leave不能和表示一段时间的时间状语连用和how long连用,故用when,leave表示瞬间动作,换成be away,主语he,故has,故选B.

----你的叔叔什么时候离开了他的家乡?

--让我想想.他已经离开将近二十年了

英语中的时态主要是借助于时间状语与上下文语境来进行判断.解答此类题型,首先要注意句子中的时间状语,如果没有则要通过分析上下文,结合语境来判断句子的时态.完成时态中的动词有瞬间动词和持续性动词之分,瞬间动词的过去分词强调的是动作的完成,持续性动词强调的是动作的持续性.现在完成时态中表示一段时间的时间状语不能和瞬间动词连用,持续性动词不能和表示瞬间时间的时间状语连用,需注意区分.

10.【答案】C

【解析】

答案为C

根据从属连词since可知,需要用现在完成时,表示从过去某个时间点开始到现在的动作,而且这个动作对现在有影响.

此处since引导时间状语从句,since后接表示一个时间点的句子,说明从过去的时间点到现在的这段时间里的动作.现在完成时的构成为has/have+过去分词.故选C.

这种药自投入使用来就挽救了数百万人的性命.

注意since引导时间状语从句时,主句的时态一般为现在完成时.

11.【答案】C

【解析】

句意:——你的女儿在美国待了多长时间了?——自从2020年起。have been to去了,人已经回来了;have gone to去了,人没有回来;been away离开;have been in待在某地(多长时间),表示一种状态。故选C。

12.【答案】C

【解析】

答案:C.跳过空格得知句意是说去过博物馆两次了,动作发生在过去,对现在造成了一定的影响,故用现在完成时have/has+过去分词,主语I,故have,故答案是C.

我已经去过历史博物馆两次了,我在那里学了很多.

现在完成时有两种用法 1.过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果或到现在为止已经发生或完成的动作. 2.表示过去发生的、持续到现在的动作或状态.

13.【答案】B

【解析】

答案:B.tell后加宾语从句,主句是一般现在时,从句时态不受限制,结合Nearly a year 可知表达的动作发生在过去,对现在造成一定的影响,故用现在完成时have/has+过去分词,buy是短暂性动词.不能与一段时间连用,故用have的过去分词had,故答案是B.

---你能告诉我你买华为手机多久了吗,张先生?

---将近一年,很好用.

现在完成时表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果或表示过去的动作或状态持续到现在.它的构成是:主语+have/has+动词的过去分词.

14.【答案】C

【解析】

句意:东营海南航空公司已经开通大约5个月了,我已经乘坐过3次了。完成时for加一段时间要求谓语动词是持续或表示状态的,结合语境故选C。

15.【答案】C

【解析】

句意:——我很久没见你弟弟了。他在哪儿?——他去美国学习了。他上个周日去那儿的。根据句意,第一空用现在完成时,go的过去分词是gone;由句中last Sunday可知,第二空用

一般过去时,go的过去式是went。故选C。

16.【答案】D

【解析】

答案:D.

现在完成时的构成:have/has+过去分词,表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果或表示过去的动作或状态持续到现在.根据时间状语last time,这是一个表示过去的时间状语,所以在since引导的时间状语从句中要用一般过去时,结合给出四个选项,所以第二个空要用met,因此可知这句话的意思是"自从我们上一次遇见以来,好几年已经过去了."这个句子的主语是"A couple of years"这是一个时间短语来作主语,谓语动词要用第三人称单数,pass是动词,意思是"过去",past是形容词,意思是"过去的",故排除.综上所述,故选D.自从我们上一次遇见以来,好几年已经过去了.

首先要掌握现在完成时的构成以及用法,然后结合具体的题目,就可以确定正确答案.

17.【答案】A

【解析】

句意:他的父母结婚有四十年了。他们彼此非常相爱。现在完成时表示过去已经开始,持续到现在的动作或状态往往和表示一段时间的状语连用。for+一段时间,since+一段时间点或过去时态的句子。故选A。

18.【答案】D

【解析】

答案:D.

结合句意可知borrow借,动作发生在过去,持续了一段时间,故用现在完成时have/has+过去分词,主语I,故have,borrow是短暂性动词,不能与一段时间连用,故换成keep,keep 的过去分词kept,故答案是D.

我借了两个星期的书了,我必须还给图书馆了.

现在完成时有两种用法1.过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果或到现在为止已经发生或完成的动作.2.表示过去发生的、持续到现在的动作或状态.

19.【答案】A

【解析】

答案:A.结合it can't be her可知人不在,动作发生在过去,对现在造成一定的影响,

故用现在完成时have/has+过去分词,表达去了某地用have/has+gone to,have been to 去过某地,故答案是A.

---看,你的老师怀特小姐在那边.

---不,不可能是她,她去了北京.

have been to 曾经去过某地,人已经回来

have gone to 到某地去了,在路上或者已经到达那里.

I have been to Beijing.我曾经去过北京.(现在不在北京)

He has gone to Beijing.他到北京去了.(在路上或者在北京).

20.【答案】A

【解析】

答案:A.考查现在完成时态.本句描述的是从过去一直持续到现在的动作,故用现在完成时态.begin是瞬间动词,不能和表示一段时间的时间状语连用.be on上演.现在完成时态用be的现在分词been.答案是A.

快点,演出已经开始十分钟了.

现在完成时态,由"have/has+过去分词"构成,表示动作发生在过去,但与现在的情况有联系.也表示从过去某一时间开始一直延续到现在并还可能继续延续下去的动作.结合语境,注意人称变化及动词过去分词变化.

中考英语语法专项习题 代词

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