中国银行2010笔试综合&行测真题及答案

中国银行2010年分行招聘考试真题《认知能力题本》图形符号推理根据给出的图形符号，选出符合规律的一项。

1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.9.10.11.12.数字推理根据所给数字的规律，从四个选项中选出最恰当的一项。

13.1，4，16，49，121（）A.256B.225C.196D.16914.3，6，11，（），27A.15B.18C.19D.2415.2，13，40，61，（）A.46.75B.82C.88.25D.12116.2/3，3/2，4/3，3，8/3，（）A.8/3B.16/3C.6D.817.12，14，20，38，（）A.46B.52C.64D.9218.8，12，16，16，（），-64A.0B.4C.-8D.1219.12，1112，3112，211213，（）A.312213B.132231C.112233D.33221120.A.13B.7C.0D.-621.0，8，54，192，500，（）A.840B.960C.1080D.128022.2，12，36，80，（ ）A.100B.125C.150D.17523.0，91，272，271，（ ） A.27 B.97C.185D.243424. （ ）28 3610 18 181 9 9 9A.18B.28C.54D.6425.-2，14，6，10，8，（ ）A.4B.7C.9D.1026.A.21B.42C.50D.7827.1，2，2，3，4，（ ）A.3B.7C.8D.928.39，62，91，126，149，178，（ ）A.205B.213C.221D.22629.3，16，45，96，（ ），288A.105B.145C.175D.19530.-2，-4，0，16，（ ）A.25B.32C.50D.6431.8，16，22，24，（ ）A.18B.22C.26D.2832.1，3，4，1，9，（ ）A.5B.11C.14D.64言语理解根据文字陈述，完成题目要求。

1. 商业银行的负债包括哪些2.商业银行的核心资产包括哪些3. 关于防火墙作用的一道题4.劳动法关于实习期限的规定5.十七大确立的党的指导思想包括哪些6.公有制经济占主导地位的表现7.银行系统性风险包括哪些8.准货币包括哪些9. 4R营销理论包括什么（relationship、 retrenchment、 relevancy 、rewards）10财政再分配包括国家预算银行信贷劳务费用价格变动11骆驼评级法 CAMEL包括什么12 我国税收有什么特征（固定性、无偿性、强制性还有一个忘了）19.泰勒被尊称为什么（科学管理之父）20. 国内企业引进了激励奖金制后，现在激励奖金已经变成工资的一部分，而失去了原本的激励作用，这样意味着？（激励效应在每个国家作用不同、如何防止激励奖金变成工资的一部分是管理人员需要重视和提高的什么什么，忘了）21. 某企业生产平均成本达到最小值，那么该企业（利润达到最大值、超额利润为零、边际成本等于平均成本or whatever）22.劳动法对于加班时间的限定（每月不得超过36小时）23.如果企业安排员工周末上班而又不予以调休，那么应支付多少倍工资（2倍）24. 以下哪个选项免收营业税（医院提供医疗服务的费用、邮局出售邮票、移动公司出售充值卡、还有一个选项忘了）25.以下哪种情况免收个人所得税（保险理赔）26.企业增值税的属性（A.归中央税入 B.归地方税入 C.共享税中央为主D.共享税地方为主）28. A、B两个相连的会计年份和甲乙两种不同的会计方式混搭，问哪个符合会计一致性原则29.某跨国企业子公司财务报告与母公司合并，过程中遭遇的汇率风险属于什么风险（经营风险、市场风险、经济风险、会计风险）30.影响现金流的操作现金各项目与非现金各项目之间的增减变动，会影响现金流量净额的变动31.以下哪个软件通常用来收发邮件（Outlook Express。

汗！）32. BBS的功能不包括以下哪个选项（文件传输、发布信息、什么什么热表之类）33. TCP/IP协议基于什么而写？（大概是这个意思。

2010中国农业银行综合类招聘笔试试题1）阅读理解1、下列四句中有歧义的是（）。

A. 必须改变传统的数学方式才能适应当前形势发展的需要B. 这个报告内容丰富，获得一致好评C. 幼儿园的领导采纳了小朋友的意见D. 张应华背着王宏总经理到银行办完了手续答案：D2、下列新闻标题中语意明确的一句是：A．政府有关部门明令禁止取缔药品交易市场B．真正优秀的教师无一不是道德修养的模范C．独联体国家看不上2006年世界杯足球赛D．警方对报案人称围观者坐视不管表示愤慨答案：B3、下列句子中，加点的词语使用正确的一句是：A．事情发生后，顾主任立即同党支部研究，决定就这个问题进行一次讨论B．这所医院组成一个以领导、医生、护士三结合的防治小组，经常深入农村C．本品是用金银花、连翘等中药配制而成，并且具有祛寒退热的功能D．当学习刚刚取得一点成绩，他就开始有点骄傲了答案：A4、下列各句中加横线的词语使用不恰当的一句是：A．在中国日益成为传媒焦点的今天，公众对政府工作、突发事件、灾难事件的了解欲望越来越强烈，因此，中国的新闻发言人制度应运而生。

B．各级统计部门一定要发扬严谨细致的工作作风，在统计数据上做到丁是丁，卯是卯，绝不能想当然。

C．去年冬天，市场上的保暖内衣销售火爆，但西安市质量技术监督局元旦期间组织的一次抽检结果显示：西安市场保暖内衣质量良莠不齐。

D．一些地方产生“电荒”是有原因的。

冰冻三尺非一日之寒，除了冬季取暖用电量上升、江河缺水等原因之外，更与地方煤炭、电力行业长期存在的体制弊端有直接关系。

答案：c5、下列各句中有语病的一句是：A．针对国际原油价格步步攀升，美国、印度等国家纷纷建立或增加了石油储备，我国也必须尽快建立国家的石油战略储备体系。

B．在新的千年里，中华民族这条巨龙一定会昂首腾飞于无垠的天际，创造出令世界惊异的奇迹来。

C．在当今商品经济的年代，当诗歌失却往昔荣耀而逐渐远离我们的时候，读到这样一首清纯明净、催人奋然前行的祖国颂歌，真是难得的精神享受。

版本一：单选和多选，共100道题目，60分钟。

时间基本够用。

这里要强调的是单选和多选的过渡没有额外提示，只有题目前面写了单选还是多选，要注意。

前几年考了不少管理和计算机的知识，今年计算机一道没考，管理也就零星两道。

建议在复习专业教材的基础上，看一下银行从业的基础题目，至于网上那些什么货币银行单选一百题啥的时间紧就不用看了。

如果有时间看一下CPA或考过CPA，那就完美了。

1. 时事时事部分就不说了，对以后的考试也没什么借鉴价值。

2. 中行相关内容往年都没有考中行的相关内容，今年考了好多。

多选都记不太住了，考了很多中行的财务指标，以及战略方向。

单选考了成立时间1912年、国内一级分行数目37个、国外分行数目28个和上市时间2006年。

3．国际金融和结算套算汇率的计算。

小数点后面四位，题目虽简单，但是算起来超费时。

多选：超过95%美元跨境支付系统：SWIFT,TARGET,CHAPS,CHIPS即期外汇交割期限福费廷（包买票据）仓至仓运输条款可转让信用证的性质远期汇率报价方法单项因素贸易条款长期股权投资权益法和成本法的区别质押的定义我国支付结算方式不包括，信用证、托收承付、信用卡、商业本票信用证的单据（单单一致的核心单据）信用证修改书内容大于两项，受益人如何处理（接受、拒绝）4．西经IS曲线右移的因素富有弹性——价格下降收入上升效用计算，替代效用：还有道效用和消费者均衡结合的题目宏观经济学的总产出的计算国民收入的计算个人劳动供给曲线图国别配额，进口商品需要出示什么证收入、价格效应财政赤字分为哪几类弗里德曼的货币需求GDP定义分析：旧车翻新，新车选择性货币工具只有政府企业和个人什么的，选正确的公式根据蒙代尔的理论，通胀和顺差时应选什么政策（紧财政松货币）（这个知识点每年都考）产品周期，哪一个利润增长最快5. 财务和会计方面杜邦分析法考了两道，一道单选（核心是净资产收益率），一道多选。

计算：已知资产收益率，负债利息，产权比率，所得税率，股东收益报酬率为多少计算：流动负债60万，速动比率2.5，流动比率3.0，销售成本50万，求年末存货周转次数计算：市净率（给了股权收益率、市盈率）计算：资产收益率（给了产权比率啥的）多选：MM理论（有税的无税的）用成本法还是权益法来衡量长期股权投资问题固定资产不提折旧的利润表的一个题6．税务方面流转税包括什么哈伯格以马歇尔基数效用论为基础提出了什么理论：超额负担税收转嫁（从价税易转，从量税不易转，所得税不易转）两间靠街房屋，一间开小卖部，如何收税问题，（貌似是一间收房产税还是两间都收）7．商业银行贷款的五级分类，今年考的是次级。

说明：请仔细阅读以下的注意事项，这对你顺利通过考试非常重要：监考老师宣布考试开始时，你才可以开始答题。

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第一部分综合知识测试一、言语理解与表达题：1．所以在这阴冷的四月里，奇迹不会发生。

任凭游人扫兴和诅咒，牡丹依然_ B____。

它不苟且不俯就不妥协不媚俗，它遵循自己的花期自己的规律，它有权为自己选择每年一度的盛大节日。

A．泰然处之B．安之若素C．我行我素D．岿然不动解析：泰然处之，形容镇静，沉着、冷静；安之若素，（遇到不顺利情况或反常现象）像平常一样对待，毫不在意；我行我素，不管别人怎么说，我还是照我本来的一套去做；岿然不动，高大独立，安稳不动。

故选B。

2．长江流域，无疑也是中华民族文化的_B____之一。

考古发现证明，旧石器时代处于长江上游今云南境内的元谋人，与黄河流域今陕西境内的蓝田人_____。

这个结论具有划时代的意义。

A．发源地表明B．发祥地证明C．发源地证明D．发祥地表明解析：“发源地”和“发祥地”都指事物发生起源的地方，但前者多指事物开始发生，所指事物多为具体的，而后者多用于抽象事物起源、兴起之地。

“表明”多用来吧态度或决心表示清楚；“证明”指用可靠材料来断定某人或事物的真实性。

故答案选B。

3．作者多年___A__着的质朴纯美的情和爱，汩汩地从笔端流淌出来，与崇高宽阔的胸怀相_____，充满了纯朴的人情美。

A．积淀契合B．积聚吻合C．积淀吻合D．积聚契合解析：积淀，积累沉淀而形成的思想、文化、习俗等；积聚，积累，聚集。

中国银行2010笔试综合&行测真题及答案中国银行的校园招聘统一笔试包括三部分第一部分：英语 90分钟（95题）题型大致分为：单选（老六级）、改错、完型、阅读、阅读新题型（段落排序、句子排序）、快速阅读等，题量笔研究生考试的题量还要大，而且时间只给一个半小时第二部分：行政能力测试 60分钟（70题）基本上全部是推理题，包括：言语能力（选词填空）数字推理符号推理数量关系逻辑排序材料分析逻辑判断常识问题第三部分：综合（80题）考的知识比较全面，包括：金融学、会计学、计算机基础、管理学、时政等内容，以下为搜集的2010笔试真题及部分答案。

注意：给一个答案的就是正确答案有选项的表示答案还需要讨论全篇如此，供大家参考。

一、数字推理3.32，7.16，11.08，（），19.02 15.042，8，18，（），50 32123，52，21，9，3，（） 31，3/4，8/9，9/8，7/5,( ) 61/363，3，6，24，（）192二、数量关系1．周长为400M的操场每20M画一道线请问要一共要画多少道线19 20 21 222. 二进制数1100100转换成十进制为：94 110 100 1023. 一个KTV每周二全天半价，其他每天晚上11点到第二天凌晨7点半价，请问一周共有多少小时半价营业724. 下列那个乘积最大：A. 599*601B. 598*602 C ？ D. 500*6005. 班里有5个女生、10个男生，抽出一个人去值班，抽完了就去掉不再加入，第二次抽到女生的概率为多少？A三分之一B15分之1 C14分之1 D？三、符号推理1. 回、赏、同、形同一规律的字：A.章 B、卜 C、? D.园四、逻辑排序（题目部分选项不清欢迎讨论得出答案）1.行政改革滞后行政成本大公款吃喝人大代表发言社会热评2. 住房改革建立商品房建立廉价租房买不起房子房价上涨3. 金融危机盲目留学留学生留不了学（大概这个意思）国外部分高校。

2010年笔试部分（红字是我加上的内容）人行：（山东经济学院考试）笔试均为专业课，西方经济学占大部分，纯专业性题目，无其他专业内容。

题型除了判断、单选、多选外，还有简答和论述。

论述题涉及当前经济形势与货币政策等方面。

笔试内容不是很难，但考察知识面较广，需要平时掌握透彻，将基本原理弄清。

附：网络回忆部分笔试题目判断题：1、微观经济学要解决的问题是资源利用，宏观经济学要解决的问题是资源配置。

2、当香蕉的价格为每公斤3元时，消费者购买500公斤，而水果店愿意提供600公斤。

所以3元是香蕉的均衡价格。

3、对于同一个消费者来说，同样数量的商品总是提供同量的效用。

4、在长期中没有固定投入与可变投入之分。

5、现代生产的特征之一是迂回生产的过程加长，从而生产效率提高。

6、某一年的名义GDP与实际GDP之差就是GDP平减指数。

7、物价上升时，财产效应使实际财产增加，总需求增加。

8、自发消费随收入的变动而变动，它取决于收入和边际消费倾向。

9、货币乘数是银行创造的货币量与最初存款的比例。

10、紧缩性缺口是指实际总需求大于充分就业的总需求时两者的差额，膨胀性缺口是指实际总需求小于充分就业总需求时两者之间的差额。

11、初级产品价格不稳定的主要原因是初级产品生产的不稳定。

12、分析技术效率时所说的短期是指1年以内，长期是指1年以上。

13、正常利润是对承担风险的报酬。

单选题：8、内在经济是指（）A、一个企业在生产规模扩大时由自身内部所引起的产量的增加；B、一个企业在生产规模扩大时有自身内部所引起的产量或收益的增加；C、一个行业的扩大对其中每个企业带来的产量或收益的增加；D、整个社会经济的发展给一个企业所带来的产量或收益的增加；10、在经济增长中起着最大作用的因素是（）A、资本B、劳动C、技术D、制度14、根据对菲利普斯曲线的解释，货币主义得出的政策结论是：（）A、宏观经济政策在短期与长期中均是有用的；B、宏观经济政策在短期与长期中均是无效的；C、宏观经济政策在短期中是有用的，在长期中是无用的；D、宏观经济政策在长期中是有用的，在短期中是无用的；15、清洁浮动是指：（）A、汇率完全由外汇市场自发的决定；B、外汇基本由外汇市场的供求关系决定，但中央银行加以适当调控；C、汇率有中央银行决定；D、固定汇率简答：（共两题，10分/题）1、说说消费需求规律及其特例。

2010年中国银行招聘考试真题及解析（四）(时间：120分钟满分：100分）一、单项选择题(下列每小题的备选答案中，只有一个符合题意的正确答案，请选出。

每小题0．5分，共30分。

)1．金融机构之间融通资金以解决临时资金不足的市场是（）。

A．发行市场B．资本市场C．同业拆借市场D．流通市场2．同业拆借是（）。

A．一种特殊的存款形式B．最长不得超过6个月C．参与者包括银行、非银行金融机构与中介机构D．属于担保信用3．银行同业拆借以（）拆借为主。

A．6个月B．4个月C．隔月头寸D．隔夜头寸4．在同业拆借市场交易的是（）。

A．法定存款准备金B．超额准备金C．库存现金D．原始存款5．下列通常被视为无风险利率的是（）。

A．企业债券利率B．国债利率C．投资基金收益率D．回购利率6．外汇市场的双重交易结构是指（）。

A．发行交易与流通交易B．直接交易与经纪交易C．发行交易与经纪交易D．个人交易与机构交易7．按照我国商业银行资产负债比例管理规定，人民币存贷款比例应小于等于（）。

A．70% B．75%C．80% D．85%8．我国首家金融衍生品交易所是（）。

A．上海期货交易所B．中国金融期货交易所C．大连商品交易所D．深圳证券交易所9．利息的实质是（）。

A．货款人取得的报酬B．借款人付出的代价C．利润的一部分，是剩余价值的转化形式D．成本的一部分10．债券本期收益率的计算公式是（）。

A．票面收益／市场价格B．票面收益／债券面值C．(出售价格-购买价格)／市场价格D．(出售价格-购买价格)／债券面值11．若市场利率低于债券收益率时，债券为（）发行。

A．溢价B．打折C．平价D．时价12．实行混业经营集中监管的国家，对银行机构业务经营的范围（）。

A．实行严格的限制B．实行一定程度的限制C．基本没有限制D．完全没有限制13．在现代市场经济中，发挥核心作用的是（）。

A．中央银行的宏观调控B．金融机构从事的金融活动C．股票市场D．金融监管14．对同一借款客户的贷款余额与商业银行资本余额的比例不得超过（）。

2010年银行系统招聘考试真题汇编第一部分客观题一、单项选择题1．[中国银行] 下列选项中，属于间接税的是( )。

A．企业所得税 B．财产税 C．个人所得税 D．消费税2．[中国农业银行] 地方固定收入包括( )。

A．消费税 B．企业所得税C．关税 D．车船税3．[中国工商银行] 以费雪和庇古为代表的传统货币数量说认为货币对实物经济不起作用，他们的基本观点是( )。

A．假定其他因素不变，商品价格水平与货币数量成正比，货币价值与货币数量成反比B．假定其他因素不变，商品价格水平与货币数量成正比，货币价值与货币数量成正比C．货币数量说是关于货币需求的理论D．人们对货币的需求量取决于他们的流动性偏好4．[渤海银行] 在现代信用货币制度下，经常出现的货币失衡形式是( ) A．货币供应量相对于货币需求量偏小 B．货币供应量相对于货币需求量偏大C．结构性失衡 D．总量性失衡5．[中国建设银行] 下列中央银行的活动中，体现其“国家的银行”的职能是( )A．集中准备金 B．对政府提供信贷C．对商业银行提供信贷 D．组织全国的清算6．[中国银行] 属于货币政策较为理想的中介目标的是( )。

A．通货膨胀率 B．货币供应量C．长期利率 D．基础货币7．[中信银行] 银行接受客户的委托，为工商企业办理与货币资本运动有关的技术性业务，如汇兑、非现金结算等，使银行成为企业的总会计、总出纳，成为社会的总账房，这是商业银行的哪种职能?( )A．信用中介 B．支付中介C．信用创造 D．吸收存款8．[中国光大银行] 国际货币基金组织第八条款规定的货币可兑换类型主要是指( )。

A．完全可兑换 B．资本项目可兑换C．经常项目可兑换 D．有条件可兑换9．[中国民生银行] 作为国际货币体系的核心机构，以促进国际货币领域的合作为宗旨的国际金融机构是( )。

A．国际开发协会 B．国际货币基金组织C．国际清算银行 D．国际金融公司10．[恒丰银行] 下列误差中哪一项属于登记性误差产生的原因?( )A．没遵循随机原则 B．抄录错误C．样本结构与总体结构存在差异 D．样本容量不足11．[中国进出口银行] 下列说法中，不能成为导致我国财政支出规模扩大的是( )。

中国银行2010笔试详解第一部分：13：30-14：50 英语题目形式：单词选择：15题高于六级难度，好多单词不认识句子挑错：每个句子划出四个单词或短语，选择错误的，15题完形填空：15题，文章讲的时差的调整方法。

阅读部分，35题：阅读理解：4篇20题，文章颇难，极其不适应机考。

平时都是划出来重点句子，然后看题，回头定位，第二部分15：20-16：20 职业能力测试其实就是行测，题目比国考简单很多，对于经历笔试较多的人来说时间比较充裕。

第三部分16：20-17：20 综合知识考试内容，继续百科化，包括经济学、金融学、银行业务、国际金融、金融衍生品操作、会计、管理学、市场营销、计算机；单选：55题，每个1分多选：30题，每个1.5分[笔试]中行2010校园招聘1227机考笔经第一部分：13：30-14：50 英语题目形式：单词选择：15题高于六级难度，好多单词不认识句子挑错：每个句子划出四个单词或短语，选择错误的， 15题完形填空：15题，文章讲的时差的调整方法。

阅读部分，35题：阅读理解： 4篇20题，文章颇难，极其不适应机考。

平时都是划出来重点句子，然后看题，回头定位，用电脑做，看的眼晕……出自《星火英语“2010考研英语巅峰阅读100篇》：其中的text24，text38，综合部分text1中第一篇，text3中第二篇；段落排序：文章出自09年考研阅读第三篇文章。

句子七选五：也是考研常见题型。

快速阅读：2篇文章，5题，有时间限制，5分钟做完。

快速定位，比较简单。

附上段落排序的文章，我只是看过，不记得顺序，所以我基本都选错了，杯具啊：The relationship between formal educationand economic growth in poor countries is widely misunderstood by economists andpoliticians alike progress in both area is undoubtedly necessary for thesocial, political and intellectual development of these and all othersocieties; however, the conventional view that education should be one of thevery highest priorities for promoting rapid economic development in poorcountries is wrong.We are fortunate that is it, because new educationalsystems there and putting enough people through them to improve economicperformance would require two or three generations. The findings of a researchinstitution have consistently shown that workers in all countries can betrained on the job to achieve radical higher productivity and, as a result,radically higher standards of living.Ironically, the first evidence forthis idea appeared in the United States. Not long ago, with the countryentering a recessing and Japanat its pre-bubble peak. The U.S.workforce was derided as poorly educated and one of primary cause of the poor U.S. economicperformance. Japanwas, and remains, the global leader in automotive-assembly productivity. Yetthe research revealed that the U.S.factories of Honda Nissan, and Toyota achievedabout 95 percent of the productivity of their Japanese countere pants a resultof the training that U.S.workers received on the job.More recently, while examing housingconstruction, the researchers discovered that illiterate, non-English- speakingMexican workers in Houston, Texas, consistentlymetbest-practice labor productivity standards despite the complexity of thebuilding industry’s work.What is thereal relationship between education and economic development? We have tosuspect that continuing economic growth promotes the development of educationeven when governments don’t force it. After all, that’s how education gotstarted. When our ance stors were hunters and gatherers 10,000 years ago, theydidn’t have time to wonder much about anything besides finding food. Only whenhumanity began to get its food in a more productive way was there time forother things.As educationimproved, humanity’s pr oductivity potential, they could in turn afford moreeducation. This increasingly high level of education is probably a necessary,but not a sufficient, condition for the complex political systems required byadvanced economic performance. Thus poor countries might not be able to escapetheir poverty traps without political changes that may be possible only withbroader formal education.A lack of formal education, however, doesn’tconstrain the ability of the developing world’s workforce to substantiallyimprove productivity for the forested future. On the contrary, constraints onimproving productivity explain why education isn’t developing more quicklythere than it is.从506222908同学那里找来的完型填空原文，我错了好多When travelers pass from one time zone to another, they suffer fromdisrupted circadian rhythms, an uncomfortable feeling known as jet lag.For instance, if you travel from California to New York, you "lose" 3 hours according to your body's clock. You will feel tired when the alarm rings at 8 a.m. the next morning because, according to your body's clock, it is still 5 a.m. It usually takes several days for your body's cycles to adjust to the new time.To reduce the effects of jet lag, some doctors try to manipulate the biological clock with a technique called light therapy. They expose people to special lights, many times brighter than ordinary household light, for several hours near the time the subjects want to wake up. This helps them reset their biological clocks and adjust to a new time zone.Symptoms much like jet lag are common in people who work nights or whoperform shift work. Because these people's work schedules are at odds with powerful sleep-regulating cues like sunlight, they often become uncontrollably drowsy during work, and they may sufferinsomnia or other problems when they try to sleep. Shift workers havean increased risk of heart problems, digestive disturbances,andemotional and mental problems, all of which may be related to theirsleeping problems. The number and severity of workplace accidents alsotend to increase during the night shift. Major industrial accidentsattributed partly to errors made by fatiguednight-shift workers include the Exxon Valdez oil spill and the ThreeMile Island and Chernobyl nuclear power plant accidents. One study alsofound that medical interns working on the night shift are twice aslikely as others to misinterpret hospital test records, which could endangertheir patients. It may be possible to reduce shift-related fatigue byusing bright lig hts in the workplace, minimizing shift changes, andtaking scheduled naps.Many people with total blindness experience life-long sleeping problems because their retinas are unable to detect light. These people have a kind of permanentjet lag and periodic insomnia because their circadian rhythms followtheir innate cycle rather than a 24-hour one. Daily supplements ofmelatonin may improve night-time sleep for such patients. However,since the high doses of melatonin found in most supplements can buildup in the body, long-term use of this substance may create newproblems. Because the potential side effects of melatonin supplementsare still largely unknown, most experts discourage melatonin use by thegeneral public.阅读理解文章：Chemical engineers in North Dakota have successfully turned oil fromplants-canola (rapeseed), coconuts and soybeans-into jet fuelindistinguishable from the conventional kind, according to ernment tests. [1]Working with the U.S. Department of Defense’sDefense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA), scientists at theEnergy & Environmental Research Center (EERC) at the University ofNorth Dakota turned these plant oils into fuel that had a similardensity, energy content and even freezing point.“It’s processed so that it contains only the same hydrocarbonmolecules prese nt in petroleum fuel.” says chemical engineer ChadWocken. Although he declined to explain the exact details of theprocess, Wocken says it is thermocatalytic-in other words, theengineers heat the plant oils in the presence of an undisclosedcatalyst to create a slew of petroleum products. In fact, the processis not unlike conventional oil refining in that it produces everythingfrom the kerosene used as aviation fuel to regular gasoline.“The processing costs would be similar and comparable topetroleum oil refining,” and perhaps even less expensive, Wocken notes,“because you're not dealing with contaminants like sulfur.”Of course, the biofuel’s ultimate price tag is yet to bedetermined as only “gallons” of it have been brewed compared with themo re than 60 million gallons (225 million liters) of jet fuel consumeddaily in the U.S. But it will in large part depend on the price to growthe crops themselves-all have been fluctuating in recent months due tonewly volatile global commodity markets.Virgin Atlantic has flown a jumbo jet on a combination ofconventional jet fuel and biofuel made from palm oil, and a jet poweredsolely by biodiesel has stayed aloft for more than 30 minutes-albeitwith a special device to keep its fuel fromfreezing at high altitude.And the EERC fuel is not the only bio-based jet fuel available: UOP,LLC, a division of Honeywell Specialty Materials, has a similar fuelmade from vegetable and animal oils.The EERC is currently in the process of producing 25 gallons(95 liters) of the bio-jet fuel for ground testing in a jet engine asearly as next month. [2]“The thing that needs to happen is a purchaseorder to come through from the Air Force so we can get [the] investmentto build that first plant,” Wocken says. “We coul d get a plantoperational in two to five years if there were a commitment to buy thefuel.”----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Another round has just been fought in the battle betweentobacco companies and those who regard them as spawn of the devil. In apaper just published in the Lancet, with the provocative ti tle “Secretscience: tobacco industry research on smoking behavior and cigarettetoxicity”, David Hammond, of Waterloo University in Canada and NeilCollishaw and Cynthia Collard, two members of Physicians for aSmoke-Free Canada, a lobby group, criticize the behavior of BritishAmerican Tobacco (BAT). They say the firm considered manipulating someof its products in order to make them low-tar in the eyes ofofficialdom while they actually delivered high tar and nicotine levelsto smokers.It was and is no secret, as BAT points out, that people smoke low-tarcigarettes differently from high-tar ones. The reason is that they wanta decent dose of the nicotine which tobacco smoke contains. Theytherefore pull a larger volume of air through the cigarette when theydraw on a low-tar rather than a high-tar variety. The extra volumemakes up for the lower concentration of the drug.But a burning cigarette is a complex thing, and that extra volume hassome unexpected consequences. In particular, a bigger draw is generallya faster draw. [1]That pulls a higher proportion of the air inhaledthrough the burning tobacco, rather than through the paper sides of thecigarette. This, in turn, means more smoke per unit volume, and thusmore tar and nicotine. The nature of the nicotine may change, too, withmore of it being in a form that is easy for the body to absorb.According to Dr Hammond and his colleagues, a series of studiesconducted by BAT's researchers between 1972 and 1994 quantified much ofthis. The standardized way of analyzing cigarette smoke, as laid downby the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), whichregulates everything from computer code to greenhouse gases, uses amachine to make 35-millilitre puffs, drawn for two seconds once aminute. The firm's researchers, by contrast, found that real smokersdraw 50-70ml per puff, and do so twice a minute. Dr Hammonds'sconclusion is drawn from the huge body of documents disgorged by thetobacco industry as part of various legal settlements that have takenplace in the past few years, mainly as a result of disputes with theauthorities in the United States.--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Proponents of different jazz styles have always argued that theirpredecessors’ musical style did not include essential characteristicsthat define jazz as jazz. Thus, 1940’s swing was belittled by beboppersof the 1950’s, who were themselves attacked by free jazzers of the1960’s. The neoboppers of the 1980’s and 1990’s attacked almosteverybody else. The titanic figure of Black saxophonist John Coltranehas complicated the arguments made by proponents of styles from bebopthrough neobop because in his own musical journey he drew from allthose styles. His influence on all types of jazz was immeasurable. Atthe height of his popularity, Coltrane largely abandoned playing bebop,the style that had brought him fame, to explore the outer reaches ofjazz.Coltrane himself probably believed that the only essentialcharacteristic of jazz was improvisation, the one constant in hisjourney from bebop to open-ended improvisations on modal, Indian, andAfrican melodies. On the other hand, this dogged student and prodigioustechnician-who insisted on spending hours each day practicing scalesfrom theory books-was never able to abandon completely the influence ofbebop, with its fast and elaborate chains of notes and ornaments onmelody.Two stylistic characteristics shaped the way Coltrane played thesaxophone, he favored playing fast runs of notes built on a melody anddepended on heavy, regularly accented beats. The first led Coltrane to“sheets of sound,” where he raced faster and faster, pile-driving notesinto each other to suggest stacked harmonies. The second meant that hissense of rhythm was almost as close to rock as to bebop. Three recordings illustrate Coltrane’s ene rgizing explorations.Recording Kind of Blue with Miles Davis, Coltrane found himself outsidebop, exploring modal melodies. Here he played surging, lengthy solosbuilt largely around repeated motifs-an organizing principle unlikethat of free jazz saxophone player Ornette Coleman, who alteredmelodies in his solos. On Giant Steps, Coltrane acted as leader,introducing his own compositions. Here the sheets of sound, downbeataccents, repetitions, and great speed are part of each solo, and thevariety of the shapes of his phrases is unique. Coltrane’s searchingexplorations produced solid achievement. My Favorite Things was anotherkind of watershed. Here Coltrane played the soprano saxophone, aninstrument seldom used by jazz musicians. Musically, the results wereastounding. With the soprano’s piping sound, ideas that had soundeddark and brooding acquired a feeling of giddy fantasy.When Coltrane began recording for the Impulse! label, he was stillsearching. His music became raucous, physical. His influence on rockerswas enormous, including Jimi Hendrix, the rock guitarist, who,following Coltrane, raised the extended guitar solo using repeatedmotifs to a kind of rock art form.----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------1. A small card sits above an empty shelf in the Whole Foods store inPetaluma,California. “Consumers are advised not to eat fresh baggedspinach at this time. As a precaution, Whole Foods Market hastemporarily removed all fresh spinach and fresh salad mixes containingspinach from its stores.”On September 14th the Centres for Disease Control and Prevention inAtlanta issued the first of several daily alerts concerning an outbreakof E.coli 0157:H7, a potentially lethal pathogen typically associatedwith adulterated beef. Investigators had traced it to consumption offresh raw spinach sold in bags. A few days later, an investigationconducted by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) had narrowed downthe culprits to a California-based grower, Natural Selection Foods, andat least one of its distributors. So far, a 77-year-old woman inWisconsin has died from eating spinach traced back to NaturalSelection, and 146 people in 23 states are ill, some very seriously.Half of the victims have been hospitalised, a high rate that mayindicate an especially virulent strain of E. coli.Investigators continue to search for the cause of the outbreak. Theyhave scoured the company’s processing plant as well as the farms thatgrow the spinach, looking at everything from irrigation water to theproximity of livestock, with no sure conn ections made so far. The factthat Natural Selection is in California’s Salinas Valley has raisedalarms, however. According to the FDA, fresh produce from the valley,including spinach, has been the source of nine E. coli outbreaks since1995.[1]Moreover Natural Selection, which supplies several supermarketchains across the United States with conventionally produced freshspinach, is also the nation’s largest grower and shipper of certifiedorganic produce, under its Earthbound Farm brand. If organic spinachbecomes implicated, the financial consequences for the organic sectorof the fresh produce market, which prides itself on its purity, couldbe severe.But with the FDA advising consumers not to eat fresh spinach from anysource until further notice, the outbre ak could ruin California’s wholespinach industry. The state grows about three-quarters of the Americancrop. In recent years the market for fresh spinach has benefited hugelyfrom what one producers’ spokesman calls “a great health profile”. In2005, per capi ta consumption in America was forecast at 2.2 pounds (onekilogram), up from just 0.6 pounds ten years ago. That total isn’tlikely to increase again for a while.第二部分 15：20-16：20 职业能力其实就是行测，题目比国考简单很多，对于经历笔试较多的人来说时间比较充裕。