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覆盖大师使用指导一、介绍我们十分感谢你对GAIO单元测试工具CoverageMaster-winAMS的兴趣爱好。
CoverageMaster-winAMS是一种对嵌入式软件进行评估和改善的单元测试工具。
这个试用指导包括为初次使用者制定的练习习题。
跟着指导完成练习，使用者会对CoverageMaster-winAMS的基本使用和特点有一个了解。
覆盖大师概述在开始练习之前，首先会出现一个关于覆盖大师的特点及操作的解释。
1、嵌入式软件单元测试工具CoverageMaster-winAMS是一个嵌入式软件单元测试工具。
它通过使用一个MPU仿真器（系统仿真器）执行软件代码（功能）来执行测试。
MPU仿真器（系统仿真器）通过启动实际交叉编译的MPU代码（对象代码）来操作运行。
由于实际目标代码是在仿真环境中使用，它有可能依据目标微处理器去核实项目行为和检查错误。
2、CoverageMaster-winAMS包含以下组件：SSTManager：管理单元测试操作的基本UI应用。
System-G：MPU仿真器（系统仿真器）包括对多种MPU的支持。
WinAMS：单元测试仿真器。
除了这些项目之外，准备测试源文件需要一个交叉编译或者集成开发环境（IDE）。
二、为测试I/O使用CSV格式的文件为了保证正确率的同时提高单元测试的效率CoverageMaster-winAMS在仿真过程中使用CSV格式文件。
单独单元测试设置，以及变量和根函数的输入输出数据都保存在CSV文件中。
因此，使用CSV文件让目标源代码中不必一定包含专用测试代码或者输入数据。
下面的图片阐明了CoverageMaster-winAMS单元测试的流程。
首先，交叉编译代码被加载到MPU仿真器。
代码必须附上可执行对象代码（被拆开的中间级对象代码不能被使用）下一步，为了测试基础函数（如上文所示）生成一个CSV文件。
文件里有函数信息类似函数名称，输入变量，输出变量，测试条件，以及测试数据（测试容器）。
Programmable Matrix System用户手册在使用本系统前，请详细阅读本说明书.并请保管好该手册!安全操作指南为确保设备可靠使用及人员的安全，在安装、使用和维护时，请遵守以下事项：z系统接地系统必须有完善的接地。
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目 录1RGB矩阵产品简介 (2)1.1关于RGB系列矩阵切换器 (2)1.2RGB矩阵切换器的分类 (2)1.3RGB-0808矩阵切换器使用说明 (3)1.4输入、输出以及通讯端口说明 (8)2A V矩阵切换器产品简介 (9)2.1关于 AV系列矩阵切换器 (9)2.2AV矩阵切换器的分类 (9)2.3AV1616的使用说明 (10)2.4 输入、输出以及通讯端口说明 (15)3VGA矩阵切换器产品简介 (16)3.1关于 VGA系列矩阵切换器 (16)3.2VGA矩阵切换器的分类 (16)3.3VGA-0808矩阵切换器使用说明 (16)3.4输入、输出以及通讯端口说明 (20)4矩阵切换器配套软件说明 (21)4.1软件的安装以及设置方法 (21)5矩阵系统的安装 (26)5.1设备接线图(以RGB-1616 为例) (26)5.2VGA/RGB转换器的连接 (27)5.3RS-232通讯端口 (28)5.4RGB矩阵与控制电脑的连接 (29)6通讯协议 (30)6.116进制通讯协议 (30)6.2串口命令功能概述 (31)7产品技术参数 (37)8 常见故障及维护 (39)11 RGB矩阵产品简介1.1关于RGB系列矩阵切换器RGB系列矩阵，是一款高性能的专业图形信号切换设备，用于多个图形信号输入、输出交叉切换，提供独立的RGBHV分量输入、输出端子，每路分量信号单独传输，单独切换，使信号传输衰减降至最低，实现信号高保真输出。
simassist 手册
Simassist 是一个强大的工具，用于模拟和仿真各种情况和场景。
它可以被用于许多不同的领域，包括教育、研究、工程、医学等。
Simassist 可以帮助用户模拟复杂的系统，预测结果，并进行
虚拟实验。
Simassist 提供了丰富的功能，包括但不限于，建模和仿真工具、数据分析和可视化功能、用户界面定制、多种编程语言支持等。
用户可以使用 Simassist 来创建各种模型，从简单的物理模型到复
杂的生物学系统模型。
Simassist 还可以帮助用户分析模拟结果，
并将其可视化，以便更好地理解模拟过程和结果。
Simassist 还具有高度的灵活性和可扩展性。
它可以与其他软
件和工具集成，以满足用户特定的需求。
同时，Simassist 也提供
了丰富的文档和支持资源，帮助用户快速上手并充分利用其功能。
总的来说，Simassist 是一个功能强大、灵活多样的工具，可
以帮助用户进行各种模拟和仿真任务。
它的广泛应用领域和丰富的
功能使其成为许多领域的首选工具之一。
希望这些信息能够帮助你
更好地了解 Simassist。
培训资料深圳市艾迪思特信息技术有限公司目录第一章、基本概况了解 (4)一、认识iDste (4)二、iDste产品的型号定义及分类 (5)第二章、iDste智慧校园的主要解决方案 (10)2.1、iDste公司产品解决方案的优势 (10)2.2、iDste智能融合集控物联管理方案 (10)2.3、iDste校园数字广播及集控平台二合一智能融合方案 (20)2.4、iDste校园全数字高清业务、广播系统、远程管理平台三网合一融合系统 (14)2.5、iDste产品销售现场演示环节及销售工具准备 (22)第一章：基本概况了解一、认识iDste1、iDste的中文标准读法及字母所代表的含义中文写法“艾迪思特”读法“ai di si te ”英文字母含义“I do something to education”的第一个字母的拼写。
中文意思“我为教育做点事”。
2、iDste品牌的历史、定位及使命iDste品牌注册使用始于2008年，以”iDste”品牌注册的公司成立于2014年。
iDste 成立之初就将自身定位为一个为教育信息化提供优质产品及解决方案的公司，将“为教育做点实事”作为公司的历史使命，通过自身努力及持续创新能力以期成为业界最有责任心、最具专业性的一流企业。
3、iDste目前的产品及解决方案iDste目前具备NC、BC、BW、KC、BS、TM五大系列30多种产品。
解决方案涵盖校园设备集控、数字广播、高清视频信息发布、高保真扩音、多媒体教学等五大核心解决方案。
涉及包含物联网、数字业务融合、移动互联网、工业嵌入式等热点领域。
4、iDste的核心理念“做最负责任的企业、制造最稳定的产品、提供最专业的服务”就是iDste的核心理念。
5、iDste与合作伙伴合作的主体思想“真诚信任的可靠关系、富有激情的进取心、可持续的共赢格局”。
6、iDste产品及解决方案的优势是什么iDste产品本身体现“高品质高度集成+工业嵌入式CPU主核心设计”；解决方案体现“高度数字业务融合”；产品及解决方案体现“硬物联、软物联”的双重特色。
2nd Introduction to the Matrix packageMartin Maechler and Douglas BatesR Core Development Team******************.ethz.ch,*******************September2006(typeset on November29,2023)AbstractLinear algebra is at the core of many areas of statistical computing and from its inception the S lan-guage has supported numerical linear algebra via a matrix data type and several functions and operators,such as%*%,qr,chol,and solve.However,these data types and functions do not provide direct accessto all of the facilities for efficient manipulation of dense matrices,as provided by the Lapack subroutines,and they do not provide for manipulation of sparse matrices.The Matrix package provides a set of S4classes for dense and sparse matrices that extend the basic matrix data type.Methods for a wide variety of functions and operators applied to objects from theseclasses provide efficient access to BLAS(Basic Linear Algebra Subroutines),Lapack(dense matrix),CHOLMOD including AMD and COLAMD and Csparse(sparse matrix)routines.One notable char-acteristic of the package is that whenever a matrix is factored,the factorization is stored as part of theoriginal matrix so that further operations on the matrix can reuse this factorization.1IntroductionThe most automatic way to use the Matrix package is via the Matrix()function which is very similar to the standard R function matrix(),>library(Matrix)>M<-Matrix(10+1:28,4,7)>M4x7Matrix of class"dgeMatrix"[,1][,2][,3][,4][,5][,6][,7][1,]11151923273135[2,]12162024283236[3,]13172125293337[4,]14182226303438>tM<-t(M)Such a matrix can be appended to(using cbind()or rbind())or indexed,>(M2<-cbind(-1,M))4x8Matrix of class"dgeMatrix"[,1][,2][,3][,4][,5][,6][,7][,8][1,]-111151923273135[2,]-112162024283236[3,]-113172125293337[4,]-1141822263034381>M[2,1][1]12>M[4,][1]14182226303438where the last two statements show customary matrix indexing,returning a simple numeric vector each1. We assign0to some columns and rows to“sparsify”it,and some NA s(typically“missing values”in data analysis)in order to demonstrate how they are dealt with;note how we can“subassign”as usual,for classical R matrices(i.e.,single entries or whole slices at once),>M2[,c(2,4:6)]<-0>M2[2,]<-0>M2<-rbind(0,M2,0)>M2[1:2,2]<-M2[3,4:5]<-NAand then coerce it to a sparse matrix,>sM<-as(M2,"sparseMatrix")>10*sM6x8sparse Matrix of class"dgCMatrix"[1,].NA......[2,]-10NA150 (310350)[3,]...NA NA...[4,]-10.170 (330370)[5,]-10.180 (340380)[6,]........>identical(sM*2,sM+sM)[1]TRUE>is(sM/10+M2%/%2,"sparseMatrix")[1]TRUEwhere the last three calls show that multiplication by a scalar keeps sparcity,as does other arithmetic, but addition to a“dense”object does not,as you might have expected after some thought about“sensible”behavior:>sM+106x8Matrix of class"dgeMatrix"[,1][,2][,3][,4][,5][,6][,7][,8][1,]10NA101010101010[2,]9NA251010104145[3,]101010NA NA101010[4,]910271010104347[5,]910281010104448[6,]10101010101010101because there’s an additional default argument to indexing,drop=TRUE.If you add“,drop=FALSE”you will get submatrices instead of simple vectors.2Operations on our classed matrices include(componentwise)arithmetic(+,−,∗,/,etc)as partly seen above,comparison(>,≤,etc),e.g.,>Mg2<-(sM>2)>Mg26x8sparse Matrix of class"lgCMatrix"[1,].N......[2,]:N|...||[3,]...N N...[4,]:.|...||[5,]:.|...||[6,]........returning a logical sparse matrix.When interested in the internal str ucture,str()comes handy,and we have been using it ourselves more regulary than print()ing(or show()ing as it happens)our matrices; alternatively,summary()gives output similar to Matlab’s printing of sparse matrices.>str(Mg2)Formal class'lgCMatrix'[package"Matrix"]with6slots..@i:int[1:16]1340113422.....@p:int[1:9]0358910101316..@Dim:int[1:2]68..@Dimnames:List of2....$:NULL....$:NULL..@x:logi[1:16]FALSE FALSE FALSE NA NA TRUE.....@factors:list()>summary(Mg2)6x8sparse Matrix of class"lgCMatrix",with16entriesi j x121FALSE241FALSE351FALSE412NA522NA623TRUE743TRUE853TRUE934NA1035NA1127TRUE1247TRUE1357TRUE1428TRUE1548TRUE1658TRUEAs you see from both of these,Mg2contains“extra zero”(here FALSE)entries;such sparse matrices may be created for different reasons,and you can use drop0()to remove(“drop”)these extra zeros.This should never matter for functionality,and does not even show differently for logical sparse matrices,but the internal structure is more compact:3>Mg2<-drop0(Mg2)>str(Mg2@x)#length 13,was 16logi [1:13]NA NA TRUE TRUE TRUE NA ...For large sparse matrices,visualization (of the sparsity pattern)is important,and we provide image()methods for that,e.g.,>data(CAex,package ="Matrix")>print(image(CAex,main ="image(CAex)"))#print(.)needed for Sweaveimage(CAex)Dimensions: 72 x 72Column R o w204060204060−0.4−0.20.00.20.40.60.81.0Further,i.e.,in addition to the above implicitly mentioned "Ops"operators (+,*,...,<=,>,...,&which all work with our matrices,notably in conjunction with scalars and traditional matrices),the "Math"-operations (such as exp(),sin()or gamma())and "Math2"(round()etc)and the "Summary"group of functions,min(),range(),sum(),all work on our matrices as they should.Note that all these are implemented via so called group methods ,see e.g.,?Arith in R .The intention is that sparse matrices remain sparse whenever sensible,given the matrix classes and operators involved,but not content specifically. E.g.,<sparse>+<dense>gives <dense>even for the rare cases where it would be advantageous to get a <sparse>result.These classed matrices can be “indexed”(more technically “subset”)as traditional S language (and hence R )matrices,as partly seen above.This also includes the idiom M [M ⟨op ⟩⟨num ⟩]which returns simple vectors,>sM[sM >2][1]NA NA 151718NA NA 313334353738>sml <-sM[sM <=2]>sml [1]0-10-1-10NA NA 000000000NA[24]NA 0000000and “subassign”ment similarly works in the same generality as for traditional S language matrices.41.1Matrix package for numerical linear algebraLinear algebra is at the core of many statistical computing techniques and,from its inception,the S language has supported numerical linear algebra via a matrix data type and several functions and operators,such as %*%,qr,chol,and solve.Initially the numerical linear algebra functions in R called underlying Fortran routines from the Linpack(Dongarra et al.,1979)and Eispack(Smith et al.,1976)libraries but over the years most of these functions have been switched to use routines from the Lapack(Anderson et al.,1999) library which is the state-of-the-art implementation of numerical dense linear algebra.Furthermore,R can be configured to use accelerated BLAS(Basic Linear Algebra Subroutines),such as those from the Atlas(Whaley et al.,2001)project or other ones,see the R manual“Installation and Administration”.Lapack provides routines for operating on several special forms of matrices,such as triangular matrices and symmetric matrices.Furthermore,matrix decompositions like the QR decompositions produce multiple output components that should be regarded as parts of a single object.There is some support in R for operations on special forms of matrices(e.g.the backsolve,forwardsolve and chol2inv functions)and for special structures(e.g.a QR structure is implicitly defined as a list by the qr,qr.qy,qr.qty,and related functions)but it is not as fully developed as it could be.Also there is no direct support for sparse matrices in R although Koenker and Ng(2003)have developed the SparseM package for sparse matrices based on SparseKit.The Matrix package provides S4classes and methods for dense and sparse matrices.The methods for dense matrices use Lapack and BLAS.The sparse matrix methods use CHOLMOD(Davis,2005a), CSparse(Davis,2005b)and other parts(AMD,COLAMD)of Tim Davis’“SuiteSparse”collection of sparse matrix libraries,many of which also use BLAS.Todo:triu(),tril(),diag(),...and as(.,.),but of course only when they’ve seen a few different ones.Todo:matrix operators include%*%,crossprod(),tcrossprod(),solve()Todo:expm()is the matrix exponential......Todo:symmpart()and skewpart()compute the symmetric part,(x+t(x))/2and the skew-symmetric part,(x-t(x))/2of a matrix x.Todo:factorizations include Cholesky()(or chol()),lu(),qr()(not yet for dense)Todo:Although generally the result of an operation on dense matrices is a dgeMatrix,certain operations return matrices of special types.Todo: E.g.show the distinction between t(mm)%*%mm and crossprod(mm).2Matrix ClassesThe Matrix package provides classes for real(stored as double precision),logical and so-called“pattern”(binary)dense and sparse matrices.There are provisions to also provide integer and complex(stored as double precision complex)matrices.Note that in R,logical means entries TRUE,FALSE,or NA.To store just the non-zero pattern for typical sparse matrix algorithms,the pattern matrices are binary,i.e.,conceptually just TRUE or FALSE.In Matrix, the pattern matrices all have class names starting with"n"(patter n).2.1Classes for dense matricesFor the sake of brevity,we restrict ourselves to the real(d ouble)classes,but they are paralleled by l ogical and patter n matrices for all but the positive definite ones.dgeMatrix Real matrices in general storage modedsyMatrix Symmetric real matrices in non-packed storagedspMatrix Symmetric real matrices in packed storage(one triangle only)5dtrMatrix Triangular real matrices in non-packed storagedtpMatrix Triangular real matrices in packed storage(triangle only)dpoMatrix Positive semi-definite symmetric real matrices in non-packed storagedppMatrix ditto in packed storageMethods for these classes include coercion between these classes,when appropriate,and coercion to the matrix class;methods for matrix multiplication(%*%);cross products(crossprod),matrix norm(norm); reciprocal condition number(rcond);LU factorization(lu)or,for the poMatrix class,the Cholesky decom-position(chol);and solutions of linear systems of equations(solve).Whenever a factorization or a decomposition is calculated it is preserved as a(list)element in the factors slot of the original object.In this way a sequence of operations,such as determining the condition number of a matrix then solving a linear system based on the matrix,do not require multiple factorizations of the same matrix nor do they require the user to store the intermediate results.2.2Classes for sparse matricesUsed for large matrices in which most of the elements are known to be zero(or FALSE for logical and binary (“pattern”)matrices).Sparse matrices are automatically built from Matrix()whenever the majority of entries is zero(or FALSE respectively).Alternatively,sparseMatrix()builds sparse matrices from their non-zero entries and is typically recommended to construct large sparse matrices,rather than direct calls of new().Todo: E.g.model matrices created from factors with a large number of levelsTodo:or from spline basis functions(e.g.COBS,package cobs),etc.Todo:Other uses include representations of graphs.indeed;good you mentioned it!particularly since we still have the interface to the graph package.I think I’d like to draw one graph in that article—maybe the undirected graph corresponding to a crossprod()result of dimension ca.502Todo:Specialized algorithms can give substantial savings in amount of storage used and execution time of operations.Todo:Our implementation is based on the CHOLMOD and CSparse libraries by Tim Davis.2.3Representations of sparse matrices2.3.1Triplet representation(TsparseMatrix)Conceptually,the simplest representation of a sparse matrix is as a triplet of an integer vector i giving the row numbers,an integer vector j giving the column numbers,and a numeric vector x giving the non-zero values in the matrix.2In Matrix,the TsparseMatrix class is the virtual class of all sparse matrices in triplet representation.Its main use is for easy input or transfer to other classes.As for the dense matrices,the class of the x slot may vary,and the subclasses may be triangular, symmetric or unspecified(“general”),such that the TsparseMatrix class has several3‘actual”subclasses,the most typical(numeric,general)is dgTMatrix:>getClass("TsparseMatrix")#(i,j,Dim,Dimnames)slots are common to allVirtual Class"TsparseMatrix"[package"Matrix"]Slots:2For efficiency reasons,we use“zero-based”indexing in the Matrix package,i.e.,the row indices i are in0:(nrow(.)-1)and the column indices j accordingly.3the3×3actual subclasses of TsparseMatrix are the three structural kinds,namely t riangular,s ymmetric and g eneral, times three entry classes,d ouble,l ogical,and patter n.6Name:ijDim Dimnames Class:integer integer integer listExtends:Class "sparseMatrix",directlyClass "Matrix",by class "sparseMatrix",distance 2Class "replValueSp",by class "Matrix",distance 3Known Subclasses:"ngTMatrix","ntTMatrix","nsTMatrix","lgTMatrix","ltTMatrix","lsTMatrix","dgTMatrix","dtTMatrix","dsTMatrix">getClass("dgTMatrix")Class "dgTMatrix"[package "Matrix"]Slots:Name:ijDim Dimnames xfactorsClass:integerintegerinteger listnumericlistExtends:Class "TsparseMatrix",directly Class "dsparseMatrix",directly Class "generalMatrix",directlyClass "dMatrix",by class "dsparseMatrix",distance 2Class "sparseMatrix",by class "dsparseMatrix",distance 2Class "compMatrix",by class "generalMatrix",distance 2Class "Matrix",by class "TsparseMatrix",distance 3Class "replValueSp",by class "Matrix",distance 4Note that the order of the entries in the (i,j,x)vectors does not matter;consequently,such matrices are not unique in their representation.42.3.2Compressed representations:CsparseMatrix and RsparseMatrixFor most sparse operations we use the compressed column-oriented representation (virtual class CsparseMatrix )(also known as “csc”,“compressed sparse column”).Here,instead of storing all column indices j ,only the start index of every column is stored.Analogously,there is also a compressed sparse row (csr)representation,which e.g.is used in in the SparseM package,and we provide the RsparseMatrix for compatibility and completeness purposes,in ad-dition to basic coercion ((as(.,<cl>)between the classes.These compressed representations remove the redundant row (column)indices and provide faster access to a given location in the matrix because you only need to check one row (column).There are certain advantages 5to csc in systems like R ,Octave and Matlab where dense matrices are stored in column-major order,therefore it is used in sparse matrix libraries such as CHOLMOD or CSparse of which we make use.For this reason,the CsparseMatrix class and subclasses are the principal classes for sparse matrices in the Matrix package.The Matrix package provides the following classes for sparse matrices ...FIXMEmany more —maybe ex plain namingscheme?...4Furthermore,there can be repeated (i,j)entries with the customary convention that the corresponding x entries are addedto form the matrix element m ij .5routines can make use of high-level (“level-3”)BLAS in certain sparse matrix computations 7dgTMatrix general,numeric,sparse matrices in(a possibly redundant)triplet form.This can be a conve-nient form in which to construct sparse matrices.dgCMatrix general,numeric,sparse matrices in the(sorted)compressed sparse column format.dsCMatrix symmetric,real,sparse matrices in the(sorted)compressed sparse column format.Only the upper or the lower triangle is stored.Although there is provision for both forms,the lower triangle form works best with TAUCS.dtCMatrix triangular,real,sparse matrices in the(sorted)compressed sparse column format.Todo:Can also read and write the Matrix Market and read the Harwell-Boeing representations.Todo:Can convert from a dense matrix to a sparse matrix(or use the Matrix function)but going through an intermediate dense matrix may cause problems with the amount of memory required.Todo:similar range of operations as for the dense matrix classes.3More detailed examples of“Matrix”operationsHave seen drop0()above,showe a nice double example(where you see“.”and“0”).Show the use of dim<-for resizing a(sparse)matrix.Maybe mention nearPD().Todo:Solve a sparse least squares problem and demonstrate memory/speed gainTodo:mention lme4and lmer(),maybe use one example to show the matrix sizes.4Notes about S4classes and methods implementationMaybe we could give some glimpses of implementations at least on the R level ones?Todo:The class hierarchy:a non-trivial tree where only the leaves are“actual”classes.Todo:The main advantage of the multi-level hierarchy is that methods can often be defined on a higher (virtual class)level which ensures consistency[and saves from“cut&paste”and forgetting things]Todo:Using Group Methods5Session Info>toLatex(sessionInfo())•R version4.3.2Patched(2023-11-24r85645),x86_64-pc-linux-gnu•Locale:LC_CTYPE=de_CH.UTF-8,LC_NUMERIC=C,LC_TIME=en_US.UTF-8,LC_COLLATE=C,LC_MONETARY=en_US.UTF-8,LC_MESSAGES=de_CH.UTF-8,LC_PAPER=de_CH.UTF-8,LC_NAME=C,LC_ADDRESS=C,LC_TELEPHONE=C,LC_MEASUREMENT=de_CH.UTF-8,LC_IDENTIFICATION=C•Time zone:Europe/Zurich•TZcode source:system(glibc)•Running under:Fedora Linux38(Thirty Eight)•Matrix products:default•BLAS:/u/maechler/R/D/r-patched/F38-64-inst/lib/libRblas.so•LAPACK:/usr/lib64/liblapack.so.3.11.08•Base packages:base,datasets,grDevices,graphics,methods,stats,utils•Other packages:Matrix1.6-4•Loaded via a namespace(and not attached):compiler4.3.2,grid4.3.2,lattice0.22-5,tools4.3.2 ReferencesE.Anderson,Z.Bai,C.Bischof,S.Blackford,J.Demmel,J.Dongarra,J.Du Croz,A.Greenbaum,S.Ham-marling,A.McKenney,and PACK Users’Guide.SIAM,Philadelphia,PA,3rd edition, 1999.Tim Davis.CHOLMOD:sparse supernodal Cholesky factorization and update/downdate. http://www.cise.ufl.edu/research/sparse/cholmod,2005a.Tim Davis.CSparse:a concise sparse matrix package.http://www.cise.ufl.edu/research/sparse/CSparse, 2005b.Jack Dongarra,Cleve Moler,Bunch,and G.W.Stewart.Linpack Users’Guide.SIAM,1979.Roger Koenker and Pin Ng.SparseM:A sparse matrix package for R.J.of Statistical Software,8(6),2003.B.T.Smith,J.M.Boyle,J.J.Dongarra,B.S.Garbow,Y.Ikebe,V.C.Klema,and C.B.Moler.Matrix Eigensystem Routines.EISPACK Guide,volume6of Lecture Notes in Computer Science.Springer-Verlag, New York,1976.R.Clint Whaley,Antoine Petitet,and Jack J.Dongarra.Automated empirical optimization of software and the ATLAS project.Parallel Computing,27(1–2):3–35,2001.Also available as University of Tennessee LAPACK Working Note#147,UT-CS-00-448,2000(/lapack/lawns/lawn147.ps).9。
ispLEVER5.0简明中⽂教程（CPLD篇）Lattice CPLD/FPGA 开发⼯具ispLEVER5.0 简明中⽂教程（CPLD篇）黄俊2005年7⽉概述ispLEVER是Lattice(莱迪思)的数字设计⼯具套件，它⽀持莱迪思所有的FPGA、CPLD、ispGDX和SPLD器件。
ispLEVER包含Lattice以及业界领先者们所开发的⼯具，⽤于设计输⼊、综合、验证/仿真、适配、布局和布线以及器件编程。
本⽂简要说明了ispLEVER中的各种⼯具的使⽤⽅法，并说明如何查看ispLEVER中的报告。
本篇以⼀个简单的4位⽐较器为例介绍开发CPLD的流程，最后还重点介绍了在CPLD开发中占⼀定⽐例的原理图编辑法。
关于Help⽂件z学习⼀个软件的最佳途径就是学习它的Help，ispLEVER的Help⽂档⾮常详细，不仅有对软件各功能的详细解释还学习指南；z⽤户可以在软件的任何环境下按F1打开Help；z在不同的窗⼝下的菜单栏内点击Help菜单，即可以打开相应的Help⽂件；z为尽快掌握ispLEVER的操作，⽤户也可以联系代理商以安排软件培训。
在这⾥做个⼴告，我们公司——晏阳科技（总公司为彦阳科技）是Lattice的代理商之⼀，本⼈是深圳办事处的⼀名应⽤⼯程师，客户主要在福建和深圳。
我们深圳办事处的总机号码是0755-********，传真是0755-********。
福州联络处的电话是：0591-********系统需求z若开发CPLD，建议内存256M以上，推荐512M；z若开发FPGA，建议内存512M以上，推荐768M；z强烈建议使⽤Windows XP系统。
软件安装1、放⼊安装光盘，ispLEVER Setup会⾃动启动。
2、选第三项Install ispLEVER 5.0 Design Tools（第4项Install PAC-Designer 3.4是安装Lattice PAC系列产品的开发软件，⽀持在系统可编程模拟器件ispPAC，在系统可编程电源管理芯⽚ispPAC-POWER，本⼈也写了⼀篇关于该软件的中⽂说明）3、⼀直点Next：设定安装路径，⼀路点Next，：4、到以上页⾯时，选择需要安装器件和开发⼯具。
Imail 服务器使用指南软件８版Ｉｐｓｗｉｔｃｈ，公司１９９５－２００３Ｉｐｓｗｉｔｃｈ，公司版权所有．Ｉｍａｉｌ服务器８．０ＷｉｎｄｏｗｓＮＴ／２０００使用指南这本手册，和它描述的软件，在遵守许可证条件下可以被使用或拷贝除此之外或在没有经过Ｉｐｓｗｉｔｃｈ公司书面同意的情况下，这本发布物的任何部份不可以以任何形式，电子的，机械的或其他任何记录形式复制、影印、存储或传输．这本手册的内容只做参考，如有任何改变将不另做通知，Ｉｐｓｗｉｔｃｈ努力保证在此处信息的准确度，但这不作为Ｉｐｓｗｉｔｃｈ的承诺，公司不承担错误或省略的责任．Ｉｐｓｗｉｔｃｈ，公司也不承担由使用此文件信息建立的损害的责任．Ｉｍａｉｌ，Ｉｍａｉｌ图标，ＷｈａｔｓＵｐ，ＷｈａｔｓＵｐ图标，ＷＳ＿ＦＴＰ，ＷＳ＿ＦＴＰ图标，Ｉｐｓｗｉｔｃｈ，和Ｉｐｓｗｉｔｃｈ图标是Ｉｐｓｗｉｔｃｈ的商标，其他的产品和他们的商标或公司名字，是各自公司的商标或注册的商标，属于公司的属性．下列各项是他们各自公司或组织的版权：该产品的拼写检查是ＷｉｎｔｅｒＴｒｅｅ字典软件的版权．编码部分由ＲＳＡ信息安全公司ＭＤ５信息－文摘运算法则编写，版权ＲＳＡ信息安全公司所有；ＳＳＬ部分由ＥｒｉｃＹｏｕｎｇ（ｅａｙ＠ｃｒｙｐｔｓｏｆｔ．ｃｏｍ）ｃｒｙｐｔｏ／ｃｒｙｐｔｌｉｂ．ｃＣｏｐｙｒｉｇｈｔ１９９５－１９９８在ＳＳＬｅａｙ库基础上实施，部分由ＲＳＡ信息安全公司实施．这种产品也包括由ＴｉｍＨｕｄｓｏｎ（ｔｊｈ＠ｃｒｙｔｐｓｏｆｔ．ｃｏｍ）编写的软件．历史记录１９９５年三月第一版１９９６年三月第二版１９９６年八月第三版１９９７年六月第四版１９９９年一月第五版１９９９年十二月第六版２０００年一月第七版２００１年六月第八版２００３年二月第九版Ｉｐｓｗｉｔｃｈ，公司８１ＨａｒｔｗｅｌｌＡｖｅ电话：７８１－６７６－５７００Ｌｅｘｉｎｇｔｏｎ，ＭＡ０２４２１－３１２７传真：７８１－６７６－５７１０翻译：仲蔚ｍｅｎｅｉ＠ｃｅｍｔｅｋ．ｃｏｍ．ｃｎ；ｍｅｎｅｉ＠２１ｃｎ．ｃｏｍ上海希柯科技发展有限公司ｈｔｔｐ：／／ｗｗｗ．ｃｅｍｔｅｋ．ｃｏｍ．ｃｎ目录第一章：概观 (16)Imail 是什么.......................................................................................................... 16 介绍......................................................................................................................... 16 系统需求................................................................................................................. 16 在IMail 版本 8 中新的特征........................................................................ 16 服务......................................................................................................................... 16 用户界面................................................................................................................ 16 防垃圾邮件功能.................................................................................................. 16 Web 邮件管理...................................................................................................... 17 基本服务.. (18)SMTP (18)SMTP 安全 (18)POP3 (18)IMAP4..................................................................................................................... 18 Web 邮件................................................................................................................ 18 Web 日历................................................................................................................ 19 附加的服务............................................................................................................ 19 标准特征................................................................................................................. 20 用户注册和维护.................................................................................................. 20 邮件列表创造和维护......................................................................................... 20 邮件转寄................................................................................................................ 20 Finger “Plan” 支持.............................................................................................. 20 邮件递送规则....................................................................................................... 20 自动邮件帐户....................................................................................................... 20 多主机 (域支持................................................................................................. 21 增强隐私的邮局协议支持............................................................................... 21 对呼叫器的邮件转寄......................................................................................... 21 未知的本地用户处理......................................................................................... 21 防止垃圾邮件特征............................................................................................. 21 可选择的性能选项............................................................................................ 21 Windows 下的IMail 客户端 (21)第二章．安装................................................................................................... 21 在你开始之前....................................................................................................... 22 检查你的首要主机名字.................................................................................... 22 用户注册和验证.................................................................................................. 22 第一次安装 IMail 服务器............................................................................. 23 安装程序................................................................................................................ 23 Root 用户................................................................................................................. 24 执行最初的设定和测试................................................................................. 24 使用一个测试帐户发送并且接收邮件........................................................ 25 查看基本的 IMail 服务器配置................................................................... 25 General 属性.......................................................................................................... 25 邮件队列................................................................................................................ 25 IMail 服务器服务快速预览............................................................................. 26 验证服务................................................................................................................. 26 默认服务端口....................................................................................................... 26 IMail 服务器目录结构.................................................................................... 26 升级............................................................................................................................ 27 升级使用外部的数据库.................................................................................... 27 升级Web 邮件..................................................................................................... 28 重新安装 IMail 服务器到一个不同的位置................................................ 28 删除 IMail 服务器 (28)第三章：配置................................................................................................... 28 基本配置................................................................................................................. 28 高级配置................................................................................................................. 29 检查主要的邮件主机的配置....................................................................... 29 为主要的邮件主机建立 DNS..................................................................... 30 为邮件主机建立一个别名............................................................................ 30 增加附加的邮件主机....................................................................................... 30 有 IP 地址的虚拟主机....................................................................................... 31 没有 IP 地址的虚拟主机.................................................................................. 31 配置一个虚拟主机............................................................................................. 31 为多重邮件主机建立DNS (32)变更域的 IP 地址............................................................................................... 33 将IMail 服务器设置为邮件网关............................................................. 33 建立一个拨号方式连接................................................................................. 34 接收来自英特网服务提供者的邮件............................................................. 34 为拨号访问设立服务器.................................................................................... 34 建立 IMail 服务器作为备份处理............................................................. 36 建立“对等” IMail 服务器............................................................................. 37 如何对等工作....................................................................................................... 37 设定程序................................................................................................................ 37 建立对等服务器的例子.................................................................................... 37 使用 ETRN 取回邮件...................................................................................... 38 增加一个基于外部数据库的主机............................................................ 38 配置首要的主机.................................................................................................. 39 创造一个基于外部数据库的主机................................................................. 39 配置外部数据库接口.. (39)第四章：用户邮件报告........................................................................ 40 使用用户邮件帐号............................................................................................ 40 添加用户邮件帐号............................................................................................. 40 导入NT 用户........................................................................................................ 42 删除一个用户的邮件帐号............................................................................... 42 找寻孤儿邮件账户............................................................................................. 42 为新用户设置默认选项.................................................................................... 42 使用邮箱................................................................................................................. 43 直接邮箱名和用户ID ....................................................................................... 44 设置一个Finger 计划...................................................................................... 44 设置假期邮件....................................................................................................... 44 设置一封基本的假期邮件............................................................................... 44 清除发送者Email 地址列表........................................................................... 45 清除发送者Email 地址列表........................................................................... 45 发送一条回应每封邮件的信息...................................................................... 45 输入LDAP 目录信息（特性）................................................................. 45 转发邮件到另一个账号................................................................................. 45 将用户设置应用于其他用户.. (46)为现存用户进行通用设置............................................................................ 46 禁止整个域........................................................................................................... 46 添加，修改以及删除别名............................................................................ 46 你能够创建四类别名......................................................................................... 47 添加别名................................................................................................................ 47 处理发给不存在用户的邮件 (48)第五章：邮件处理技术........................................................................ 48 处理顺序................................................................................................................. 48 设置传递规则....................................................................................................... 49 例子......................................................................................................................... 49 试验传递规则....................................................................................................... 49 规则语法................................................................................................................ 50 创建一个参考外部文件的传递规则............................................................. 51 限制......................................................................................................................... 52 使用Info Manager............................................................................................. 52 当使用进行再分割的Info 管理人员说明的时候..................................... 53 次领域和信箱....................................................................................................... 53 再分割一个Info Manager邮件帐号............................................................. 54 关于转发的注意事项......................................................................................... 54 关闭Info Manager............................................................................................... 54 更多关于Info Manager的信息. (54)第六章:Imail 网络邮件.......................................................................... 55 什么是网络邮件？............................................................................................ 55 用户能如何处理网络邮件？....................................................................... 56 系统需求................................................................................................................. 56 升级............................................................................................................................ 56 网络邮件安全....................................................................................................... 57 设置网络邮件....................................................................................................... 57 网络邮件服务器的网络地址........................................................................... 58 如果你有多个邮件主机.................................................................................... 58 使用SSL ................................................................................................................ 58 SSL 查错................................................................................................................ 60 设置网络服务器.. (60)高级选项 (62)设置网络邮件功能的使用............................................................................... 63 使用远程管理功能............................................................................................. 64 用户管理................................................................................................................ 64 别名管理员........................................................................................................... 64 列表管理员........................................................................................................... 64 查看管理日志及SPOOL 目录........................................................................ 64 单击并显示spool 目录的信息.................................................................................... 65 管理虚拟主机....................................................................................................... 65 管理邮件列表....................................................................................................... 65 设置规则................................................................................................................ 65 编辑每日新闻及欢迎信息............................................................................... 65 拼写检查................................................................................................................. 65 为域安装字典....................................................................................................... 65 启动拼写检查....................................................................................................... 65 使用拼写检查程序............................................................................................. 66 禁止拼写检查....................................................................................................... 66 编辑字典................................................................................................................ 66 词典说明................................................................................................................ 66 展示在线广告....................................................................................................... 67 定制网络邮件. (67)第七章: IMail 网络日历........................................................................ 67 IMail 网络日历是什么? ................................................................................ 67 使用者能用 IMail 网络日历做什么? ...................................................... 68 系统需求................................................................................................................. 68 IMail 网页日历的安全.................................................................................... 68 设置 IMail 网页日历........................................................................................ 69 IMail 网页日历服务器的网络地址............................................................... 69 如果你有多个邮件主机.................................................................................... 69 使用安全插口层(SSL....................................................................................... 69 从浏览器中开始一个SSL 连接..................................................................... 70 配置web 日历服务器........................................................................................ 71 设置对网页日历服务的访问....................................................................... 72 邀请. (73)电子邮件邀请 (73)浏览邀请................................................................................................................ 73 接收邀请................................................................................................................ 73 拒绝邀请................................................................................................................ 73 显示在线广告....................................................................................................... 73 定制 IMail 的网页日历.. (74)第八章: SMTP 服务器............................................................................ 74 SMTP 对RFCs 的支持................................................................................... 74 基本信息................................................................................................................. 74 登录............................................................................................................................ 74 设置SMTP 服务................................................................................................. 75 SMTP 选项............................................................................................................ 75 Using a Remote Mail Gateway使用一个远端邮件网关..................... 76 SMTP Processes SMTP系统进程............................................................ 76 SMTP 安全. (76)第九章: 安全设置以及如何防止垃圾邮件...................... 76 SMTP 协议安全的技术背景........................................................................ 76 安全设置的准备工作....................................................................................... 77 邮件转发选项....................................................................................................... 77 认证接收的邮件.................................................................................................. 77 访问控制选项....................................................................................................... 77 改变 SMTP 欢迎消息........................................................................................ 78 SMTP 安全设置选项....................................................................................... 78 Setting Mail Relay Options 设置邮件转发选项......................................... 78 Setting Access to Local Mail Groups本地邮件组的访问设置.......... 80 Validating Incoming Mail验证接受的邮件............................................. 80 Setting Access to the SMTP Server设置对 SMTP 服务的访问........ 81 Copying Inbound and Outbound Mail产生所有邮件的副本.............81第十章: POP3 服务器.............................................................................. 82 Logging On 登入................................................................................................. 82 Configuring the POP3 Server 配置 POP3 服务器............................ 82 Logging Options 日志选项. (83)Other Options 其他选项.................................................................................... 83 设置对 POP3 服务的访问................................................................................ 83 改变 POP3 服务器的欢迎消息....................................................................... 83 第十一章: IMAP4 Server..................................................................... 84 服务器关于 IMAP4 的实现......................................................................... 84 IMAP4 服务的支持............................................................................................ 84 完整的 IMAP4 客户端的支持........................................................................ 84 邮箱的管理........................................................................................................... 84 公共的邮箱........................................................................................................... 85 登入............................................................................................................................ 85 配置IMAP4 服务............................................................................................... 85 日志选项................................................................................................................ 85 Changing the IMAP Welcome Message 改变 IMAP 欢迎消息............. 86 第十二章: LDAP Server................................................................ 86 Imail 的 LDAP 的实现.................................................................................... 86 对 LDAP 目录服务的完整的支持........................................................... 87 为没有登记的用户提供 LDAP 信息............................................................ 87 从 Microsoft 的邮件客户端访问 LDAP 信息............................................ 87 Populating the LDAP Database........................................................................ 87 登入............................................................................................................................ 87 配置LDAP 服务器........................................................................................... 88 日志选项................................................................................................................ 88 第十三章: Whois Server........................................................................ 89 登入............................................................................................................................ 89 配置Whois 服务器........................................................................................... 89 日志选项................................................................................................................ 89 第十四章: Finger Server........................................................................ 90 登入............................................................................................................................ 90 配置Finger 服务器........................................................................................... 90 日志选项................................................................................................................ 90 第十五章: Password Server 密码服务器.. (91)配置 Password 服务器..................................................................................... 91 日志选项................................................................................................................ 91 登入............................................................................................................................ 91 第十六章: 监视服务器........................................................................... 92 配置 Monitor 服务器........................................................................................ 92 登入 (93)注意 (93)在控制面板中更改 Monitor 服务的设定.................................................... 93 如何使用警告....................................................................................................... 93 定制警告................................................................................................................ 93 定制蜂鸣器警告.................................................................................................. 94 使用外部蜂鸣器程序......................................................................................... 94 定义传呼机警告.................................................................................................. 94 定义邮件警告....................................................................................................... 95 把定义好的警告设置放入警告标签............................................................. 95 激活警告信息....................................................................................................... 96 关闭警告信息....................................................................................................... 96 设置网页管理方式............................................................................................ 96 设置网页管理方式的访问............................................................................... 97 使用网页管理方式............................................................................................ 97 个人帐号选项....................................................................................................... 98 系统管理员........................................................................................................... 98 主机管理................................................................................................................ 99 第十七章:邮件列表服务器的邮件列表.............................. 99 性能............................................................................................................................ 99 邮件列表服务器的邮件列表的类型....................................................... 99 使用密码和投递列表......................................................................................... 99 Open Lists (Anyone Can Post 开放式邮件列表..................................... 100 Subscriber Lists 订阅邮件列表..................................................................... 100 Moderated Lists 受管理的邮件列表............................................................ 100 投递邮件到邮件列表..................................................................................... 100 使用密码.............................................................................................................. 101 查询信息和订阅.. (101)查询信息的格式................................................................................................ 101 查询信息的有关命令....................................................................................... 101 订阅者使用的命令........................................................................................... 102 邮件列表拥有者或管理员使用的命令...................................................... 102 邮件列表服务器是如何工作的.................................................................... 102 Creating a List-Server Mailing List 创建一个列表.................................. 103 设置高级选项..................................................................................................... 104 安全设置............................................................................................................... 105 设置文摘模式..................................................................................................... 106 为邮件列表服务器中的邮件列表设置文摘模式:.................................. 106 Digest Scheduling.............................................................................................. 107 添加和删除订阅用户和未知用户.......................................................... 107 设置一个别名删除未知的用户.................................................................... 107 第十八章: 发送电子邮件到蜂鸣器或者传呼机...... 108 增加一个蜂鸣器或者传呼机的别名..................................................... 108 定义传呼机的别名........................................................................................... 108 定义蜂鸣器的别名........................................................................................... 108 发送信息到传呼机/蜂鸣器........................................................................ 109 转发信息到传呼机........................................................................................... 109 当邮件到达时候发送信息到指定的蜂鸣器............................................. 109 Imail Administrator 远程连接................................................................... 109 第十九章如何发送邮件到传真............................................. 110 安装Imail 传真支持....................................................................................... 110 设置调制解调器端口..................................................................................... 111 添加一个“邮件至传真”别名............................................................... 111 创建和修改传真............................................................................................... 111 设置和使用动态拨号别名.......................................................................... 112 为所有的动态别名设置全局属性............................................................... 113 设置访问和拨号限。
MATRIX手册1、特性和优点发送端电源来自交换机的STP CAT 5e/6线缆32口交换机支持双电源USB2.0支持发送端支持分离的线缆连接目标视频、USB、声音2、安全交换机支持SSL、AES，提供访问控制，可以对每个用户、发送、接收器设置允许的USB类型使用先进的Dambrackas视频压缩算法，6个USB2.0接口，提供板载OBWImatrix交换机有20、32端口2种32口支持600W冗余电源，20口支持350W单电源支持级联，双网卡故障自动切换3、设备3.1 MATRIX SWITCH3.2 MATRIX RECEIVER3.3 MATRIX TRANSMITTER4、安装和配置4.1 配置选项交换机的DHCP默认开启，当交换机获取到IP地址，会显示在LCD上。
SETUP端口连接默认用户名Admin，密码为空，第一次登录会要求修改密码。
9600，8，1，无，无。
4.1.1 单交换机4.1.2 多交换机多个交换机可以互连以创建更大的交换系统支持多个接收器和发射器。
这被称为级联系统。
当级联矩阵交换机，您可以无缝连接到任何目标设备从屏幕显示（OSD）接口一个单独的列表，仿佛一切目标设备被连接到一台交换机。
使用无缝级联，您将需要配置级联交换机作为一个主站和从站（次）。
只能有一个主的交换机。
4.1.3 级联设置1、选择一个主交换机；2、用STP线缆分别连接主、从交换机的RJ-45口；3、连接发送和接收到主、从交换机；4、配置交换机的主从模式。
4.2 用户名、密码更改设置端口密码选项允许用户启用或更改设置端口密码。
这将启用或禁用进入启动菜单，允许用户选择当前或以前的版本固件引导。
当从设置端口连接到交换机，管理员还可以选择引导图像。
当新的固件加载到交换机，允许管理员选择使用哪个启动映像。
开机1-5秒按任意键进入引导菜单。
4.3 交换机OBWI第一次访问OBWI必须设置管理员密码，管理员帐号Admin，密码为空。
Simetrix/Simplis仿真基础近4年开发电源的过程，在使用仿真软件的过程中，对仿真渐渐有了个了解，仿真不能代替实验。
仿真软件显示电路不能工作，而实际确能工作，仿真不收敛，而实际电路永远不会不收敛。
但是仿真软件可以测试未知电路，可以验证自己的想法，甚至大大缩短开发过程，在你仿真的过程中，也可以更深入的理解开关电源的拓扑结构，控制模式等，假如你要实验一个电路，发现库里没有现成的IC,在自己搭建IC之后，你对整个IC具体是如何运作的必定了解的非常清楚。
如果你的模型足够精确，你可以得到和实验室非常接近的结果。
如果你的电路是错误的，你也不用担心“炸机”的危险。
Simetrix/Simplis是我个人比较喜欢用的一款仿真软件，相对与功能强大的SABER, Simetrix/Simplis具有操作简单，容易上手，速度快等特点，用来实验开关电源的各个功能电路非常不错，精通之后，也能进行更复杂的仿真实验，比如开关电源的损耗分析，环路分析，大信号分析，IC设计等。
“只要你能想到的，你就可以用电路实现！”虽然这几年一直在接触这款软件，但离“精通”还相差很远，但我想利用它简单易学的特点，让更多的人了解使用它，对实际开发有所帮助。
并希望引出玉来，使大家共同提高。
我打算先说一下软件操作过程，再举几个简单的实例，供大家参考。
由于水平有些，只能说这些基础的东西。
先说一下目录1.基础操作：放置元件2.导入PSPICE模型3.瞬态分析，DC分析，AC分析，参数扫描4.自建子电路，元件库5.用SIMETRIX仿真开环BUCK。
6.用SIMPLIS 仿真BUCK电路：POP分析，AC分析。
7.两个简单的实例：桥式整流带恒功率负载—表达式的应用填谷PFC PF值计算-波形的分析和处理更深入一点的实例如电流模式反激电路。
准谐振反激电路。
单极反激PFC电路。
LLC电路等。
做好后会和大家分享。
1.放置元件。
先打开程序，点击File——New Schematic,建立新电路图点这两处地方可以放置元件基本的元件如DC电源，波形发生器电源，分段源，受控源，电阻，电容，电感，变压器，MOS管，三极管，二级管，稳压管，压控开关，地，电压探头，电流探头，运放等都能找的到，如上图，也可以从Place——From Model Library菜单中找到更多的元件，如3842，TL431等。
ImageAnalysisSystem 11.0使用说明书使用前请仔细阅读此文件北京长恒荣创科技有限公司Image Analysis System 11.0显微图像分析软件界面软件主窗体主要由七部分组成：1.菜单栏2.工具条3.标尺栏4.图像区域（视频区域）5.图像列表窗口、设备列表窗口及文件列表窗口6.数据输出窗口7.状态栏第一章图像列表窗口、设备列表窗口及文件列表窗口在软件中图像列表窗口、设备列表窗口和文件列表窗口放在一个“综合窗口”中，可以通过选择在图像列表、设备列表和文件列表之间进行切换。
图像列表窗口、设备列表窗口和文件列表窗口都是通过双击来进行相应的选择操作。
图像列表窗口软件在启动时会弹出“载入”对话框，用户可以根须需求进行选择。
选中“载入图片”，单击“载入”按钮，软件会导入软件图片工作目录下的bmp、jpg和rzmk格式文件，将图像的缩略图和对应的文件名显示在该窗口中。
单击“取消”按钮，软件将不会导入图片。
注意：导入图片的过程中可随时单击“停止”按钮结束导入。
通过双击缩略图列表中图片的缩略图来打开对应的图片文件予以显示（如果开启了摄像头视频时会关闭摄像头视频来显示双击的图片）。
在通过打开按钮加载图片文件后，相应的图片缩略图也会在该窗口中加载。
在视频截图后保存的图片文件缩略图也会在该窗口加载。
（加载顺序为新加载的图像文件在图像列表的最上端）右键单击缩略图列表中图片的缩略图将会出现“另存为”，“删除”，“重命名”3个命令的菜单。
单击“另存为”命令将弹出以下对话框，通过这个对话框可以将当前显示的图片存储在不同的硬盘位置或存储为其他的格式（bmp、jpg、rzmk）。
注意：另存为的图片不会出现在图像列表中。
单击“删除”命令后会弹出确认删除图像的对话框，单击“确认”按钮将图片从硬盘和缩略图列表中删除，删除后如原图在图像显示区域将顺序显示缩略图中的下一幅图片。
说明：如果缩略图列表中已经没有缩略图的话图像显示区域将会以特定的背景色填充。
