2013年阅读理解全文

2013年考研外语阅读理解第一篇全文翻译注释：本文为书评，即对于某本畅销书的内容的评价，书评是考研外语中常见的一类文章，几乎每年都有，不过指望能得出什么固定模式是不可能的，因为你无法预测到底哪本书或者哪类书能上榜，更无法断定写这个评论的会是谁。

该书为伊丽莎白席琳所著《时尚》，批评美国人（其实不光是美国，稍微有点钱的都这个德行）疯狂购买时尚服装，全然不管这些衣服到底能穿几次，更遑论环保和可持续发展。

说实话，翻译本文时，我总想起一句很经典的话，女人总是对着装满衣服的柜子抱怨没衣服穿。

In the 2006film version of The Devil Wears Prada, Miranda Priestly, played by MerylStreep, scold her unattractive assistant for imagining that high fashion doesn’t affect her. Priestly explains howthe deep blue color of the assistant’s sweater descended over the years from fashion shows to departmentstores and to the bargain bin in which the poor girl doubtless found her garment.在2006年上映的“穿普拉达的女王（直译，不过我更欣赏另外一个译名，时尚女魔）”中，由梅丽尔斯特里普（人名不必译出）出演的米兰达普利斯特里臭骂她那个倒霉助手的原因就一个，不解风情（unattractive 一词我移到了这里，不然放在前面前后叠句，削弱语言效果），居然不懂时尚。

普利斯特里宣称，这蠢丫头的衣服竟然是深蓝色的，这种款式（sweater，美式俚语中指紧身上衣）早就扔到箱子底了（from fashion shows to department stores and to thebargain bin，直译为从时装展销到百货商店到地摊，即一落千丈之意）。

2013考研英语二第四篇阅读
2013年考研英语二第四篇阅读理解文章主要讲述了全球变暖对海洋生态系统的影响。

文章指出，全球变暖导致海水温度升高，进而影响了海洋生态系统的平衡，引发了一系列问题。

具体来说，全球变暖对海洋生态系统的影响包括以下几个方面：
1. 海洋生物的生存受到威胁：全球变暖导致海水温度升高，使得一些海洋生物无法适应新的环境，进而面临生存危机。

2. 海洋酸化加剧：全球变暖导致海洋酸化加剧，这将对珊瑚礁等海洋生物的生存造成威胁。

3. 渔业资源受到威胁：全球变暖会影响海洋生物的分布和种群数量，进而影响渔业资源的可利用性。

4. 海平面上升：全球变暖导致冰川融化，进而引起海平面上升，这将给沿海地区带来巨大威胁。

综上所述，全球变暖对海洋生态系统的影响是全方位的，不仅影响海洋生物的生存，还会影响人类对渔业资源的利用。

因此，我们必须采取有效措施来减缓全球变暖的趋势，保护海洋生态系统的健康。

2013年语文高考古诗词类阅读试题及阅读答案解析总结【阅读理解题目】:全国卷1鹊桥仙__________________陆游华灯纵博，雕鞍驰射，谁记当年豪举①？酒徒一半取诸侯，独去做江边渔父。

轻舟八尺，低篷三扇，占断蘋洲烟雨②。

镜湖③元自数闲人，又何必官家赐予！[注]①这三句是追忆当年军中的生活。

博，古代的一种棋戏。

②占断：占尽。

蘋洲烟雨：指长满蘋草、烟雨空濛的风光。

③镜湖：即鉴湖，在今浙江绍兴。

唐天宝初，贺知章请求回家乡会稽当道士，玄宗诏赐他镜湖一角。

8.上阕最后两句是什么意思？它表达了作者什么样的情感？答：那些整天酣饮的酒徒一个个都升官做诸侯，而自己只能做闲散的江边渔翁。

表达了对自己壮志未酬而只能隐居的无奈与牢骚。

9.词的结尾借用了贺知章的故事，这有什么用意？请简要分析。

答：用来含蓄地表现对统治者的不屑以及愤慨不平。

皇帝既置我于闲散，镜湖风月原本就属于闲散之人，又何必要你皇帝恩赐呢？再说，天地之大，何处容不下我一个闲散之人,谁又稀罕你皇帝的恩赐!_________全国卷2阅读下面这首宋诗，完成8-9题。

次韵雪后书事二首(其一)____________________________________朱熹饲怅江头几树梅，杖藜行绕去还来。

前时雪压无寻处，昨夜月明依旧开。

折寄遥怜人似玉，相思应恨劫成灰。

沉吟日落寒鸦起，却望柴荆独自回。

8.这首咏梅诗中，作者用什么手法来表现梅花的？请简要分析（5分）运用了烘托和渲染的手法，全诗几乎未涉及梅花的色香，而注重环境的烘托和情感的渲染，从而表现美化的精神和品格。

（烘托、渲染，2分，简要分析3分。

）9诗的最后一联表达了作者什么样的心情？请简要分析。

（6分）答：表现了作者落寞惆怅、若有所失的心情，作者将自己复杂的情感投射到梅花上，思绪万端却又无从说起，以至在梅树下沉吟许久，直到日暮才独自离开。

（答出心情3分，简要分析3分。

）_________北京卷12.阅读下面这首诗，完成题。

2013年12月大学英语四级考试阅读理解真题及答案（全套）幸福就好我亦安2013年12月大学英语四级考试阅读理解真题(一)【阅读】Sectio n CDirectio ns : There are 2 passages in this sect ion. Each passage is followed by some questi ons or unfini shed stateme nts. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresp onding letter on An swer Sheet 2 with a sin gle line through the cen tre.Passage OneQuesti ons 56 to 60 are based on the follow ing passage.In recent years, a growing body of research has shown that our appetite and food in take are in flue need by a large nu mber of factors besides our biological n eed forenergy, including our eating environment and our perception of the food in front of us.Studies have show n, for in sta nee, that eati ng in front of the TV (or a similardistract ion) can in crease both hun ger and the amount of food con sumed. Even simplevisual cues, like plate size and light ing, have bee n show n to affect portion size and con sumpti on.A new study suggested that our short-term memoryalso mayplay a role in appetite. Several hours after a meal, people's hunger levels were predicted not by how much they ' d eaten but rather by how much food they'd seen in front of them —in other words, how much they remembered eati ng.This disparity (盖弃) suggests the memory of our previous meal may have a bigger in flue nee on our appetite tha n the actual size of the meal, says Jeffrey M. Brun strom, a professor of experime ntal psychology at the Uni versity of Bristol."Hun ger isn't con trolled solely by the physical characteristics of a recent meal. Wehave identified an independent role for memory for that meal，" Brunstrom says."This shows that the relati on ship betwee n hun ger and food in take is more complex than we thought."These findings echo earlier research that suggests our percepti on of food can sometimes trick our body' s response to the food itself. In a 2011 study, for instanee, people who drank the same3S0-calorie (卡路里)milkshake on two separate occasions produced different levels of hunger-related hormones (荷尔蒙),depending on whetherthe shake' s label said it contained 620 or 140 calories. Moreover, the participants reported feeling more full when they thought they'd consumed a higher-calorie shake.What does this mean for our eat ing habits? Although it hardly seems practical to trick ourselves into eati ng less, the new findings do highlight the ben efits offocus ing on our food and avoidi ng TV and multitask ing while eat ing.The so-called min dful-eat ing strategies can fight distract ions and help us con trol our appetite, Brun strom says.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。

2013年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（新课标全国卷Ⅱ）语文试题第Ⅰ卷阅读题甲必考题一、现代文阅读（9分，每小题3分）阅读下面的文字，完成1～3题20世纪后期，陕西凤雏村出土了刻有“凤”字的甲骨四片，这些“凤”字的形体大致相同，均为头上带有象征神权或王权的抽象化了的毛角的短尾鸟。

东汉许慎《说文解字》云：“鸑鷟，凤属，神鸟也。

……江中有鸑鷟，似兔而大，赤目。

”据此，古代传说中鸣于岐山、兆示周王朝兴起的神鸟凤凰，其原型应该是一种形象普通、类似水鸭的短尾水鸟。

那么，普通的短尾鸟“凤”为何在周代变为华冠长尾、祥瑞美丽的神鸟了呢？我们看到，在商代早期和中期的青铜器纹饰中，只有鸟纹而没有凤纹，真正的凤形直到殷商晚期才出现，而且此时是华冠短尾鸟和华丽而饰有眼翎的长尾鸟同时出现，可见“凤”是由鸟演变而来的。

综观甲骨文和商代青铜器，凤鸟的演变应该是鸟在先，凤在后，贯穿整个商代的不是凤而是鸟。

“天命玄鸟，降而生商”，在商人的历史中鸟始终扮演着图腾始祖的重要角色。

《左传》记载郯子说：“我高祖少皞挚之立也，凤鸟适至，故纪于鸟，为鸟师而鸟名。

凤鸟氏历正也，……九扈为九农正。

”凤鸟氏成为“历正”之官，是由于它知天时，九扈成为“九农正”，也是由于它们带来了耕种、耘田和收获的信息。

殷人先祖之所以“鸟师而鸟名”，应该是由于这些随着信风迁批的鸟，给以少皞为首的商人的农业生产带来了四季节令的消息。

对凤鸟的崇拜起于商代，其鼎盛却在周代。

正是在周代，“凤”完成了其发展程序中最后也是最重要的环节：变为神鸟凤凰。

许多历史资料记载了周王室在克商前后对“天命”的重视。

《尚书》“周书”十二篇中大量出现的“命”字多指天命，“殷革夏命”也是常见的语句。

武王在甲子日牧野之战结束后，紧接着就“不革服”“格于庙”（来不及换衣服就到神庙参拜），这个“庙”自然不可能是周庙，而是商人的神庙。

这说明周王室急于把商人的正统接过来，成为中原合法的统治者。

周人之所以宣扬天命，归根结底在于强调“周改殷命”是出自天的意志和抉择。

**2013年英语二阅读理解第三篇（模拟范文）****文章标题：** The Evolving Role of Libraries in the Digital Age**文章内容：**In the midst of the digital revolution, libraries are undergoing significant transformations. No longer just repositories for printed books, today's libraries are dynamic hubs of information exchange and community engagement. They are adapting to meet the changing needs of patrons in ways that reflect a deeper understanding of the library's place in contemporary society.The internet has radically altered how information is accessed and shared. With this shift, libraries have had to reinvent themselves. Instead of solely focusing on book lending, they now offer a range of digital services such as e-book lending, free Wi-Fi, and computer access. Many libraries also provide educational programs like coding workshops and literacy classes to empower patrons with digital skills.Community building is another aspect where libraries are evolving. They are becoming gathering places for people of all ages to meet, collaborate, and learn. This is especially true for public libraries, which often host events like author readings, book clubs, and even job fairs. By fostering a sense of community, libraries are helping to combat issues like social isolation and digital divide.Despite these positive changes, libraries face challenges. Funding cuts and competition from online resources threaten their ability to maintain and expand services. However, libraries are fighting back by demonstrating their unique value as physical spaces where learning and discovery can take place beyond the virtual world.The future of libraries lies in their ability to adapt and innovate. As technology continues to advance, libraries must find ways to integrate new tools and platforms into their services. At the same time, they must preserve their role as guardians of knowledge and promoters of literacy. By balancing tradition with innovation, libraries can remain relevant and vital institutions in the digital age.**文章大意：**本文讨论了数字时代图书馆角色的演变。

⽆忧考为⼤家整理的2013年成⼈英语阅读理解练习及答案⼀，供⼤家参考：　Passage 1 People who lived in towns and cities could easily refresh themselves in the hot summers just before the turn of the century. Coca-Cola had been invented in Alaonta the 1980s and it was for sale at thousands of drugstores and candy store soda fountains all over America. But people who lived in the country couldn‘t easily go into town every time they wanted a Coca-cola or flavored soda water. So Joe Tiedemann at Vicksburg， Mississippi， candy store owner， decided soda should be taken out of the cities and into the country， where most Americans lived. He vegan to fill 10 1/2 ounce， wire-stoppered bottles with Coca –Cola， shipping them by wagon and boat to the small towns along the Mississippi River. His business grew quickly：the bottled coke was so popular that biedenharn was forced to move his bottling plant to a larger building. Luonically， the first bottling operation was viewed as a curiosity by the Coca-Cola company. Biedenharn sent then his first two cases， he was politely thanked and then just as politely ignored. １。

2013年考研外语阅读理解第二篇全文翻译注释：任何软件开发商都在明里暗里收集客户的信息，最简单也是最为人所知的大概就是系统升级，这些都在后台而且大部分都在未知的情况下进行。

通过这些信息采集，比如你经常上网浏览哪些网站，哪些点击率比较多，可以更快捷地了解客户的口味从而做出针对性服务。

我在北京百度公司总部就见过这种，电子屏幕上实时更新着现在最高频的搜索词是哪个。

虽然未必是恶意的，但在极端重视保护个人隐私的美国，这些事实上侵犯了个人隐私权。

2010年起，美国政府要求所有网络公司注意这种信息采集，微软公司率先响应，其实这么做更多是个姿态，因为很难说到底网络流量中哪些算是个人隐私。

但这样做却符合了大众的心理，不能不说，微软独霸天下确有其过人之处。

An old saying has it that half of all advertising budgets are wasted-the trouble is,no one knows which half . In the internet age, at least in theory ,this fraction can be much reduced . By watching what people search for, click on andsay online, companies can aim “behavioural” ads at those most likely to buy.有句老话，广告开销中一半是多余的。

问题在于，你不知道哪些可以算到这一半里。

不过，在理论上讲，互联网时代不至于到这个程度。

因为只要统计一下大众搜索的热词，在线点击率的高低就很容易了解人们的口味。

In the past couple of weeks a quarrel has illustrated the value to advertisers of such fine-grained information: Should advertisers assume that people are happy to be tracked and sent behavioural ads? Or should they have explicit permission?近来，这种拉网式的信息统计开始受到质疑（fine-grained，纹理细密的），公众乐意被跟踪统计吗？这种数据采集又获得了谁的授权？In December 2010 America's Federal Trade Cornmission (FTC) proposed adding a "do not track "(DNT) option to internet browsers ,so that users could tell adwertisers that they did not wantto be followed .Microsoft's Internet Explorer and Apple's Safari both offer DNT;Google's Chrome is due to do so this year. In February the FTC and Digltal Adwertising Alliance (DAA) agreed that the industry would get cracking on responging to DNT requests.2010年12月，美国联邦贸易委员会（如无法正确翻译该词汇，可以直接写出简写FTC）建议互联网浏览器开发商在浏览器中加入“拒绝采集（DNT）”功能，点击它就可以发出后台信息，表明该用户不希望被采集。

2013年考研外语阅读理解第三篇全文翻译注释：未来总是隐藏在迷雾中，借助已有的知识推测未来贯穿于整个已知的和我可以预见的人类文明史，尤其在工业化和信息化革命大幅度提升人类改造自然的能力并带来相当严重的后果之后，注重实证的西方科学体系甚至产生了过去干脆叫神棍的未来学。

人类的未来如何，甚至于人类能否存在到下个世纪甚至下个十年，争议一直不断，但我始终相信一点，在明天，在黑暗之后，太阳照常升起the sun rises as usual。

我在本文翻译中大量使用了意译，并在后面给出了直译，强烈提示，意译是一种很高的翻译技巧，按照考研判分的标准，如果采用意译，基本可以肯定是要么满分要么零分，如果自己的水平没有足够的把握，绝不要轻易使用。

Up until a few decades ago, our visions of the future were largely - though by no means uniformly - glowingly positive. Science and technology would cure all the ills of humanity, leading to lives offulfillment and opportunity for all.曾经，人类的未来似乎一片光明（意译，直译为前景辽阔，蒸蒸日上，只是发展各异）。

科技的发展必定能治愈顽疾，满足需求，提供契机。

Now utopia has grown unfashionable, as we have gained a deeper appreciation of the range of threats facing us, from asteroid strike to epidemic flu and to climate change. You might even be tempted to assume that humanity has little future to look forward to.然而如今梦想已成灰（utopia乌托邦，unfashionable过时的），我们要面对的是更可怕的现实，彗星撞地球、重度流感，甚至气候变更。

2013 Text 1（英语⼀）对快时尚产业的批评Section ⅡReading Comprehension . Part A.Text 1第⼆部分，阅读理解。

A篇，短⼆1。

In the 2006 film version of The Devil Wears Prada, Miranda Priestly, played byhigh fashionMeryl Streep, scolds her unattractive assistant for imagining thatdoesn't affect her.在2006年上映的《穿普拉达的⼆王》中，由Meryl Streep出演的Miranda Priestly臭骂她那个毫⼆魅⼆的助⼆，因为她居然认为⼆级时尚影响不到她。

Priestly explains how the deep blue color of the assistant's sweater descended overthe years from fashion shows to department stores and to the bargain bin in whichthe poor girl doubtless found her garment.Priestly解释道，这个助理的外套竟然是深蓝⼆的，这个款式从时装秀场沦落到百货商场再⼆上打折货摊，毫⼆疑问，这蠢丫头在那⼆淘到了那件⼆服。

This top-down conception of the fashion business couldn't be more out of date or at odds with the feverish world described in Overdressed, Elizabeth Cline's three-year indictment of “fast fashion”.这种⼆上⼆下的观念太过时了，或者说它与Elizabeth Cline在历时三年完成的《过度装扮》⼆书中描述的那个狂热的世界完全不同。