2017阅读大赛样卷(完整资料).doc

2017年第十六届中学生古诗文阅读大赛（一、1-10篇文言文）1、唇亡齿寒晋侯复假道于虞以伐虢。

宫之奇谏曰：“虢，虞之表也。

虢亡，虞必从之。

晋不可启，寇不可翫。

一之谓甚其可再乎？谚所谓‘辅车相依，唇亡齿寒’者，其虞、虢之谓也。

”公曰：“晋，吾宗也，岂害我哉？”对曰：“大伯、虞仲，大王之昭也。

大伯不从，是以不嗣。

虢仲、虢叔，王季之穆也；为文王卿士，勋在王室，藏于盟府，将虢是灭，何爱于虞、且虞能亲于桓、庄乎，其爱之也？桓、庄之族何罪，而以为戮，不唯幅乎?亲以宠幅，犹尚害之，况以国乎？”公曰：“吾享祀丰髫，神必据我。

”对曰：“臣闻之：‘鬼神非人实亲，惟德是依。

’故《周书》曰：‘皇天无亲，惟德是辅。

’又曰：‘黍稷非馨，明德惟馨。

’又曰：‘民不易物，惟德繁物。

’如是，则非德民不和，神不享矣。

神所冯依，将在德矣。

若晋取虞，而明德以荐馨香，神其吐之乎？”弗从，许晋使。

宫之奇以其族行，曰：“虞不腊矣。

在此行也，晋不更举矣。

”冬，十二月丙于朔。

晋灭虢。

虢公丑奔京师。

师还，馆于虞，遂袭虞，灭之。

执虞公及其大夫井伯，以膳秦穆姬，而修虞祀，且归其职贡于王。

出处《左传·僖公五年》编年体左丘明翻译晋献公又向虞国借路攻打虢国。

宫之奇劝阻虞公说：“虢国是虞国的屏障，虢国灭亡，虞国一定跟着亡国。

对晋国不可启发它的野心，对入侵之敌不可漫不经心。

一次借路已经是过分，岂能有第二次呢？俗话所说的‘面颊和牙床骨是相互依存，嘴唇丢了牙齿就受凉’，那就是说的虞、虢两国的关系。

”虞公不听，答应了晋国使者。

宫之奇带领他的家族出走，说：“虞国过不了年终大祭了，就在这一次假道之行，晋国不用再出兵了。

”这年冬天，晋国灭掉了虢国。

军队回来，住在虞国的馆舍，就乘其不备进攻虞国，灭掉了它，捉住了虞公。

注释1. 晋侯：指晋献公。

2. 假道：借路。

3. 虞（yú）：周代国名，在今山西平陆县一带。

4. 虢（ɡuó）：周代国名，又名北虢在今山西平陆县境内。

2017年中考记叙文阅读汇编（黑龙江绥化2017）（五）阅读美文《低到尘埃的愿》，回答26-29题（8分）①路过一个工地，几个农工吃完饭，聚在一起打牌，每个人面前堆着一堆面值很小的角币。

‚要是每个月给我们发两倍的工资，那我们打牌就不像现在这样说手缩脚了。

‛‚是啊，是啊，那就妥妥的了。

‛②在东北，人们爱说‚妥了‛，那是一种心灵满足后的肯定。

就像给生命放了一张舒适的床，生命跟着熨帖了。

知足是一种境界，口袋里只有5元钱，妥了，那就吃4元钱的‚大餐‛——一大碗热气腾腾的炸酱面。

剩下的1元给蹲在墙角瑟瑟发抖的小乞丐，他已经给路人行了无数个礼，却还没有‚开张‛；没钱坐车去上班，妥了，那就骑自行车或者跑着去，正好这个年龄该减肥了。

③人的心永远想去山那边看上一眼，并非为了明白，也非为了征服。

人的心总在远方——财富、权力、名声以及许多，人常常会忘记当下。

殊不知，回到自己的生活，一样可以精彩。

简单如一的生命，也可以是那根最优美的琴弦，上面满是快乐而炫目的音符。

听着那几个民工畅快的笑声，我想这何尝不是一种生的境界，简简单单的向往，踏实而天真，温暖着社会你死我活的残酷。

④人世间有多少愿望，在旁人看来触手可及，可于他们却是奢侈的。

比如一个贫困山区的孩子，他的愿望是在假期多编几个篮子卖掉，有了学费就可以继续上学了；比如一个拾荒的老人，他的愿望是明天早上可以第一个去占领那个富人区的垃圾箱；比如一个乞丐，他的愿望是今夜不要下雨，因为窝棚盖被风刮掉了；比如一个流浪汉，他的愿望是冬天再迟一天来，缩在墙根儿再多取一天阳光的暖；比如两头相爱的猪抢食吃，彼此希望明天早上自己的重量超过对方而被宰杀，那样就可以让对方苟活下来；比如一个车辙里的两尾鱼，希望能再吐出一点唾液给对方，以求延长一秒此生的幸福……⑤苏轼写过‚人皆养子望聪明，我被聪明误一生。

惟愿孩儿愚且鲁，无灾无难到公卿‛。

无灾无难，便是他对孩子的愿望。

安德烈问他的母亲龙应台：如果将来我成为一个普通的人，你会失望吗？龙应台告诉她的儿子：对我最重要的，不是你有无成就，而是你是否快乐。

2017“外研社杯”全国英语阅读大赛初赛（90min）Part I Read and KnowIn Part I, you will read short texts of various kinds. Read the instructions carefully and answer the questions. (Time suggested: 20 minutes) Questions 1-3 (Suggested completion time: 3 minutes)Directions: Read the following quotes. Match the quotes with the people. Please note there are three extra options you do not need._____1. Fair is foul, and foul is fair: Hover through the fog A. William ShakespeareB. Nelson Mandelaand filthy air.C. Thomas A. Edison_____2. I haven ’ t failed. I ’ ve just found 10,000 ways thatwon’ t work. D. Steve JobsE. Mark Zuckerberg_____3. Design is not just what it looks like and feels like.F. Lucius Annaeus SenecaDesign is how it works.Questions 4 (Suggested completion time: 2 minutes)Directions: Read the text, and answer the question according to the text.A few intuitive, sensitive visionaries may understand and comprehend XXXX(the book title), XXXX(the author) ’ s new and mammoth volume, withoutgoing through a course of training or instruction, but the average intelligent reader will glean little or nothing from it —even from careful perusal, one might properly say study, of it —save bewilderment and a sense of disgust. It should be companioned with a key and a glossary like the Berlitz books...4. Which of the following works does the book review address?A.UlyssesB.The OdysseyC.In Search of Lost TimeD.One Hundred Years of SolitudeQuestion 5 (Suggested completion time: 2 minutes)Directions: Read the text and answer the question according to the text.I like the fact that the study focuses on a French classroom, which receives less attentionin Second Language Acquisition research than other foreign language classrooms.However, for reasons that I elaborate on below, I do not recommend this manuscript for publication. I recommend that the author consults the Journal of Language, Identity, and Education. That journal might be a better fit for this paper.5. The text could best be described as __________.A. a conclusionB. a summaryC. a reviewD. a pledgeQuestion 6 (Suggested completion time: 2 minutes)Directions: Read the text, and answer the question according to the text.My Lord,I have been lately informed, by the proprietor of The World , that two papers, in which my Dictionary is recommended to the public, were written by your lordship. To be so distinguished isan honor which, being very little accustomed to favors from the great, I know not well how to receive, or in what terms to acknowledge.Seven years, my lord, have now passed, since I waited in your outward rooms, or was repulsed from your door; during which time I have been pushing on my work through difficulties,of which it is useless to complain, and have brought it, at last, to the verge of publication, withoutone act of assistance, one word of encouragement, or one smile of favor. Such treatment I didnot expect, for I never had a patron before.6. This text is taken from a letter which showed the writer’s__________ the Lord.A.gratitude towardsB.indifference toC.contempt forD.respect forQuestion 7 (Suggested completion time: 2 minutes)Directions: Read the text and answer the question according to the text.Because of social media, words are moving around theworld within weeks and months, whereas in the past, itcould take a few years, says Julie Coleman, author of TheLife of Slang.“ It’ s not necessarily that language is changingmore quickly, but technologies have developed and theyallow the transmission of slang terms to pass from onegroup to another much more quickly.”7. The main purpose of the text is to ________.A.explain the quick migration of slangB.imply the unnecessary change of languageC.exemplify the advancement of technologyD.introduce the book The Life of SlangQuestions 8 (Suggested completion time: 2 minutes)Directions: Read the text, and answer the question according to the text.When hunting raccoons for fur was a popular sport, huntingdogs were used to sniff them out of trees. As they are XXXXanimals, the hunting party had to work at night, and the dogswould sometimes end up choosing the wrong tree, or as the idiomgoes, “ bark up the wrong tree. ” The term was first printed in a book byDavy Crockett in 1833.8. Which word is the best substitution for the missing word XXXX?A.solitaryB.aggressiveC.nocturnalD.herbivorousQuestion 9 (Suggested completion time: 2 minutes)Directions: Read the details about a euphemism, and answer the question according to the details.It was first used by British journalists in 1967 to describe a state ofalcohol intoxication exhibited by Labour Cabinet Minister George Brown.It is now used as a stock phrase. The Guardian describes it as having joinedthose that“ are part of every journali st s’vocabulary. ”In fact, one source cautions professional British journalists against itsuse “even if the journalist meant it literally .”9. The euphemism described above most probably refers to __________.A.people with special needsB.downright overwroughtC.tired and emotionalD.mentally challengedQuestion 10 (Suggested completion time: 5 minutes)Directions: The bar chart shows the share of UN procurement from Global Compact members from 2010 to 2014. Answer the question according to the information in the chart.Source: 2014 Annual Statistical Report on United Nations Procurement , the United Nations Office for Project Services, 201510. Choose the INCORRECT description of the chart.A.The share of UN procurement volume from Global Compact members grew steadily over thefive years in terms of absolute volume.B.In 2013, the total procurement volume dropped noticeably, and so did the procurement fromGlobal Compact members.C.In 2014, the total procurement volume increased greatly, causing a drop in the share ofprocurement from Global Compact members.D.The proportion of procurement from Global Compact members was not in line with the generaltrend of procurement from Global Compact members.Part II Read and ReasonIn Part II, you will read short texts on different subjects. Read the instructions carefully and answer the questions based on logical inference and reasoning. (Time suggested: 40 minutes)Question 11 (Suggested completion time: 3 minutes)Directions: Read the following definition of a logical fallacy. Answer the question according tothe definition.Confusion of“ Necessary” with“ Sufficient” ConditionA causal fallacy. You commit this fallacy when you assume that a necessary condition ofan event is sufficient for the event to occur. A necessary condition is a condition thatmust be present for an event to occur. A sufficient condition is a condition or set ofconditions that will produce the event. A necessary condition must be there, but it alonedoes not provide sufficient cause for the occurrence of the event. Only the sufficientgrounds can do this. In other words, all of the necessary elements must be there.11. Which of the following provides a typical example of Confusion of“ Necessary” with“ Sufficient” Condition?A.You said that I would have to run the mile in less than six minutes to be on the track team,and I did. So why did I get cut from the team?B.Dina has to be rich or at least to be an heiress. She after all belongs to the Alpha Phi Lambdasorority which is the richest sorority on campus.C. It ’ s supposed to be in the low twenties tonight, so surely we ’ re not going to the football game, are we?D.To see viruses, one must have a microscope. This follows if William Carroll said hesaw viruses, he must have used a microscope.Question 12 (Suggested completion time: 3 minutes)Directions: Read the definition of one type of logical fallacy. Answer the question according to thedefinition.Texas Sharpshooter FallacyTexas Sharpshooter fallacy is an informal fallacy which occurs when someonejumps to the that a cluster in some data must be the result of a cause, usually onethat it is clustered around.12. Which of the following provides a typical example of Texas Sharpshooter fallacy?A. I won ’ t pay the parking ticket because the traffic sign here says“ Fine for Parking”B.Cola is healthy because it sells best among the top five healthiest countries in the world.C.We can’texploit the outer space because many people on Earth hardly make ends meet.D.Nobody at school can speak French because neither teachers nor the principal can speak it.Questions 13-14 Reasoning. (Suggested completion time: 8 minutes)In a swimming competition, Matt, Alen and Johnson won a medal respectively: the gold medal,the silver medal and the bronze medal. The coach made a guess : Matt“ won the gold medal, Alendidn ’twin the gold medal and Johnson didn ’twin the bronze medal . ”Unfortunately, only one ofthem is right.13. Who won the gold medal, who won the silver, and who won the bronze medal?A.Matt: gold medal; Johnson: silver medal; Alen: bronze medal.B.Alen: gold medal; Johnson: silver medal; Matt: bronze medal.C.Johnson: gold medal; Alen: silver medal; Matt: bronze medal.D.Matt: gold medal; Alen: silver medal; Johnson: bronze medal.14. Richard: The national budget should provide significant increases in all levels of education inthe upcoming year.Natalie: That’s not fair. A reduction in defense spending in peacetime may bring us excessiverisks. We can’ t afford it.Which of the following is the best interpretation of Natalie’ s argument?A.Funds saved from defense have been diverted to all levels of education.B.Highlighting spending on education dangerously impacts on spending on the military.C. The size of the military budget reflects a state’ s ability to fund educational activities.pared with military spending, investing in education will create a financial crisis.Questions 15-16 (Suggested completion time: 5 minutes)Directions: Read the text and decide whether the statements are True or False according tothe text.QuestionsQuestions define tasks, express problems, and delineateissues. They drive thinking forward. Answers, on the otherhand, often signal a full stop in thought. Only when ananswer generates further questions does thought continue as inquiry. A mind with no questions is a mind that is not intellectually alive. No questions (asked) equals no understanding (achieved). Superficial questions equal superficial understanding, unclear questions equal unclear understanding. If your mind is not actively generating questions, you are not engaged in substantial learning.15. The main purpose of the text is to define“ questions”.True () False ( )16.It can be inferred that a mind filled with questions will surely be engaged in substantial learning.True ( ) False ( )Questions 17-18 (Suggested completion time: 7 minutes)Directions: Read the text about the sugar industry, and answer the questions according to the information in the text.How the Sugar Industry Shifted Blame to FatThe internal sugar industry documents, recently discovered by a researcher at the University of California, San Francisco, and published Monday in JAMA Internal Medicine , suggest that thesugar industry may have manipulated the research into the role of sugar in heart disease.The documents show that a trade group called the Sugar Research Foundation, known today as the Sugar Association, paid three Harvard scientists the equivalent of about $50,000 in today terms to publish a 1967 review of research into sugar, fat and heart disease. The studies used in the reviewwere handpicked by the sugar group, and the article, which was published in the prestigious New England Journal of Medicine , minimized the link between sugar and heart health and castaspersions on the role of saturated fat.Even though the influence-meddling revealed in the documents dates back nearly 50 years,more recent reports show that the food industry has continued to influence nutrition science.Last year, an article in The New York Times revealed that Coca- Cola, the world’ s largest producer of sugary beverages, had provided millions of dollars in funding to researchers who sought to playdown the link between sugary drinks and obesity. In June, The Associated Press reported thatcandy makers were funding studies that claimed that children who eat candy tend to weigh less than those who do not.The revelations are important because the debate about the relative harms of sugar and saturatedfat continues today, Dr. Glantz said. For many decades, health officials encouraged Americans to reduce their fat intake, which led many people to consume low-fat, high-sugarfoods that some experts now blame for fueling the obesity crisis.Today, the saturated fat warnings still remain a cornerstone of the government ’dietarys guidelines, though in recent years the American Heart Association, the World Health Organization and other health authorities have also begun to warn that too much added sugarmay increase risks of cardiovascular disease.17. The word handpicked in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to __________.A.carefully chosen in a highly scientific wayB.carried out with the best research findingsC.tailored to the needs of the sugar industryD.done by scientists from Harvard University18. Which of the following can be inferred from the text?A.Manufacturers of sugar related food are funding studies aimed at finding the relationshipbetween sugar and health.B.Scientific research may not produce accurate results when funding for the research is providedby agents who are not impartial.C.It is now accepted in the US that sugar and saturated fat are both responsible for an increasingrisk of heart disease.D.The industry-funded research plays an important and informative role in that it shapes theoverall scientific debate.Questions 19-20 (Suggested completion time: 7 minutes)Directions: Read the passage about MasterCard. Answer the questions according to the passage.MasterCardis making it easier for charities to get help quickly to the people who really need it, and ensurethat donations are actually being used for good. The MasterCard Aid Network, launched last September, distributes a version of the company ’splastic cards that come loaded with points that can be redeemed at certain merchants for groceries, medicine, shelter and even building materials or business supplies. The chip-enabled system can be deployed in a day or two compared to the weeks required to create and import paper vouchers.The system doesn’trequire an Internet connection —a boon in off-the-grid areas where many refugees and disaster victims are concentrated. Still, the transactions enable organizations to collect data on what card recipients redeem, allowing charities to protect against fraudulent use and gather insight into beneficiaries ’needs.So far, organizations including Save the Children, World Vision and Mercy Corps have distributed cards to more than 75,000 people, from earthquake victims in Nepal to those in war-torn Yemen. MasterCard, which charges the charities fees for the service, says the program is profitable. The United Nations also recently named MasterCard the leader of an initiative to improve the distribution of humanitarian aid in emergencies, with a focus on the data management and privacy aspect.19. What is the passage mainly about?A.How MasterCard as for-profit company joins hands with world charity organizations.B.How MasterCard can keep an edge by its technological innovation in the world market.C.How MasterCard made its transformation from a for-profit company to a non-profit one.D.How MasterCard shortened the path between troubled populations and the aid they need.20. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?A. Without the efforts of the Company, charities could not have protected against fraudulent useof donations.B.MasterCard will perform a more important role in the international rescue and aid programswith technology developments.C.The plastic cards the MasterCard Aid Network distributes to needed people are similar to creditcards but paid by donators.D.MasterCard earns money from charging fees for service and then gives the money to refugeesand natural disaster victims.Questions 21-23 (Suggested completion time: 7 minutes)Directions: Read the text about virtual reality and augmented reality, and answer thequestions according to the information in the text.Virtual Reality vs. Augmented RealityOne of the biggest confusions in the world of augmented reality is the difference between augmented reality and virtual reality. Both are earning a lot of media attention and are promising tremendous growth.Virtual reality (VR) is an artificial, computer-generated simulation or recreation of a real-life environment or situation. It immerses the user by making them feel they are experiencing the simulated reality firsthand, primarily by stimulating their vision and hearing.Augmented reality (AR) is a technology that layers computer-generated enhancements atop andeveloped into apps and used on mobile devices to blend digital components into the real worldin such a way that they enhance one another, but can also be told apart easily.Augmented reality and virtual reality are similar in that both are inverse reflections of one in another with what each technology seeks to accomplish and deliver for the user. Virtual reality offers a digital recreation of a real-life setting, while augmented reality delivers virtual elementsas an overlay to the real world. Both leverage some of the same types of technology, and theyeach exist to serve the user with an enhanced or enriched experience.However, the two also differ from each other in various ways. Augmented reality enhances experiences by adding virtual components such as digital images, graphics, or sensations as a new layer of interaction with the real world. It is being used more and more in mobile devicessuch as laptops, smart phones, and tablets to change how the real world and digital images, graphics intersect and interact. Contrastingly, virtual reality creates its own reality that is completely computer generated and driven. It is usually delivered to the user through a head-mounted or hand-held controller. This equipment connects people to the virtual reality, and allows them to control and navigate their actions in an environment meant to simulate the real world.21-23. Which THREE of the following statements can be inferred from the text?A.Augmented reality shows virtual elements on top of the real world, while virtual reality recreatesreal-life situations in a digital way.B. A virtual reality dressing room may allow shoppers to virtually try on their purchasesquickly and easily without really having to put them on.C.Virtual reality is able to transpose us by taking us to some other place, while augmented reality,in contrast, never moves us elsewhere.D.With augmented reality, you can , and with virtual reality, you can .E.Both augmented and virtual realities utilize some of the same types of technology andoffer people enriched experiences .F.Augmented reality will enable an immobile patient to go out of the room and enjoyhis/her favorite sights, sounds and smells in the country.Part III Read and QuestionIn Part III, you will read passageson the same subject. You will be required to identify the writer ’position and evaluate the effectiveness of the writer ’ s arguments. (Time allowed: 30 minutes)Questions 24-31 (Suggested completion time: 30 minutes)Passage ANonverbal communication is often spontaneous and unintentional, and its meaning may be ambiguous. For one thing, different nonverbal codes can indicate the same meaning while one nonverbal code can have different meanings in diverse contexts. Think about your expression of love toward your parents. Have your affective words or behavior remained the same over the past 18 years? Do you feel the same when a friend gives you a hug at the news that you have failed an exam and at the time when you have won an award? In addition, people may use masking, a facial management technique, to replace an expression of true feeling with one appropriate for a given interaction. For instance, your friend Mary is suffering from a fever butstill smiles at you to co nfirm that she ’ s OK.Culture, technology, and situation all serve as powerful influences on our nonverbal behavior. What may be an innocent gesture in one group, context, region, or country can convey a different and possibly offensive message elsewhere. For example, American people are accustomed to making direct eye contact when speaking to someone, whether a friend or a professor. However,in some East Asian cultures, such as China, Japan, and South Korea, direct eye contact in interactive communication is not required. In fact, such long-time direct eye contact, when facing superiors or elders, might be considered a sign of disrespect and challenge. Similarly, some cultures are contact cultures so that touch is an important form of communication, whereas other cultures are non-contact cultures so touching is generally avoided. For example, a socially polite touch involves a handshake between American men but may include a kiss between Arabor European men. Some religions prohibit opposite-sex touching between unmarried or unrelated individuals.Nonverbal communication can be found in our electronic written communication such as email,text messaging, and Internet chat rooms.25We use all capital letters to indicate shouting, random punctuation (#@*&!) to substitute for obscenities, and type treatments suchas boldfacing and italicizing for emphasis. We use color, font styles and sizes, animations, figures, diagrams, and pictures in attempts to express emotion or help users visualize the sender or the message in context. We expect others to use emoticons to express emotion in mediated texts (). Since we can’ t hear voice inflection or see facial expressionsmany mediated situations, your preferences for screen text size, whether you leave a few explanatory lines, and whetheryou attach or compress files all say something about you to others. As the Internet allows usersto have visual, audio, and text contact, with refinements, speakers have the potential to be even more persuasive than in face-to-face conversations across distances.Passage BNo one likes taking out the garbage. But in Japan the chore is compounded by an added element:The neighbors are watching. No, I’ m not being paranoid. They’ re watching.Every time I take my trash down to the curb, in its regulation translucent white bag, I can feeltheir eyes peering through the plastic at my milk cartons, my egg containers, and mydisposable chopsticks. They can see everything.I first realized my garbage and I were not alone on a Monday a few months ago, when I was bringingdown a bag of old cereal boxes, soggy refrigerator leftovers, and coffee grounds. My landlady, wholives on the first floor, was outside watering her garden. Her eyes took in the contents of my trash.“ No, today is Monday. It’ s plastics day,” she said.“ Oh,” I replied,“ I guess they changed- uptheschedulepick.” Her eyes fluttered to the ground,studiously avoiding mine.“ No, Monday has always been plastics day,” she said.Over the next few minutes, in the muddled mix of Japanese and English we use to communicate,my landlady explained that she often would take my garbage away if I had put it out on the wrongday, store it in her house, and then bring it out again on the proper day.As I walked back upstairs, lugging m y unwanted trash, it hit me: For the year and a half since I’been living in the apartment, she ’beend watching me, peeping from behind her rose bushes:scurrying to the curb after I ’beend there, checking to see whether I ’followed the correctgarbage protocol. That ’whens I learned the hard truth: When it comes to garbage in Japan, there ’ sno such thing as privacy. Garbage is public property, something to which your neighbors can claimsnooping privileges. As a foreigner in this homogenous land, my activities garner moreattention, and more criticism, than most. I’ ve started wondering what else my neighbors notice.What else am I doing wrong?What I found most disturbing about the exchange was that my landlady had been reluctant for solong to confront me directly. We see each other constantly, sometimes we have pleasant little chats,or she comes upstairs when something is broken. Yet she could never bear to tell me that Ihad mixed up the trash schedule. Pointing out one’ s mistakes is consideredJapan. rude inAs a foreigner with rudimentary Japanese, I expected the language barrier to be the biggestobstacle to living here. I was wrong. Learning to navigate Japan, perhaps any foreign country, is allabout reading the subtle cultural cues, not the alphabet. Most things in Japan remain unspoken,especially the improper and the unpleasant.Passage CThe most powerful voice you have, no one else can hear. It is a voice shaping your destiny, abilityto cope with triumph or disaster, and how you engage with and inspire others in any quest youface. This voice ultimately determines your success as a communicator and the success of your communications. It is the voice within your head.The starting point for being an outstanding public relations communicator is recognizing thatyou deliver communications not just through your words, signs or gestures. Nor do you deliverjust through your body language. You communicate through the way you think.You probably know of people who can easily comment on other people ’ s problems but are blind to their own shortcomings. The ability to understand yourself, your own emotions, and know how your mind works is known as your intrapersonal skill. Having self-awareness and understanding of yourself makes it possible subsequently to develop fully your interpersonal skills. Your intrapersonal skill is essentially how you can manage your own thinking —the ability to understand how your thinking works and ultimately master the voice in your head.Everyone has an inner voice that creates an internal dialogue, a self-talk, which shapes and progresses their thinking and communication. (Your self-talk is not a sign of delusional behavior!)This self-talk lies at the heart of your subsequent communications. If you are unclear in your mind about how you feel and understand about an issue, the probability is that your subsequent communications will reflect this uncertainty, or fail to convince.The image of Sir Bob Geldof when he launched Band Aid in 1984 is a good example of someonewith a clear sense of passion and belief, who initially had limited resources—at the outset his campaign was just him and his intense reaction to watching BBC news coverage of famine scenes in Ethiopia. Yet he succeeded in creating a major brand and raising valuable funds for famine relief.His clear sense of purpose fueled his passion to overcome the odds. A committed communityactivist can likewise often outwit and outperform a well-oiled and well-funded formal public relations programme; witness the success of groups like Greenpeace against major oil companies.The potential of the focused few was recognized by sociologist Margaret Mead: “ Neverdoubtthat a small group of thoughtful committed citizens can change the world. Indeed, it is the onlything that ever has. ”The starting point for your journey in understanding and becoming an outstanding public relations communicator is to examine what shapes your thinking and how it is manifested in your communications.24. Which statement is true about the ambiguity of nonverbal communication?A.It leads to vagueness in nonverbal codes in a given context.B.Intended meanings of nonverbal codes cannot be conveyed fully.C.It stems from the spontaneity and randomness of nonverbal codes.D.True feelings can be hidden by the ambiguity of nonverbal codes.。

2017年福建省中考语文样卷（本卷共23题；满分：150分；考试时间：120分钟）一、积累与运用（20分）1．古诗文默写（12分）（1）子曰：“学而不思则罔，。

”（《论语·为政》）（2）几处早莺争暖树，。

（白居易《钱塘湖春行》）（3）怀旧空吟闻笛赋，。

（刘禹锡《酬乐天扬州初逢席上见赠》）（4）策勋十二转，。

（《木兰诗》）（5）相见时难别亦难，东风无力百花残。

，。

（李商隐《无题》）（6）亲贤臣，远小人，；亲小人，远贤臣，。

（诸葛亮《出师表》）（7）困于心衡于虑而后作，征于色发于声而后喻。

，，国恒亡。

（《生于忧患，死于安乐》）（8）《酬乐天扬州初逢席上见赠》中作者借用自然景物的变化暗示社会的发展，发出了“，”的感慨，蕴含着深刻的人生哲理。

2．阅读下面文字，完成问题。

（8分）随着合福高铁的通车，武夷山市推出文化与旅游融合的精品——“武夷水秀”。

它以畅游武夷九曲溪奇幻之旅为主线，以新颖的水幕、动漫等声光科技为主角，演yì（）武夷水文化。

同时，剧中巧妙地融入了武夷山朱子儒家文化、彭祖养生文化、大红袍茶文化等特色文化内涵，【甲】（活灵活现跃然纸上）地展示了闽越王城、五夫龙鱼、武夷宫等本土元素。

该剧还向世人【乙】（宣布宣传）保护水资源的重要性，以期达到保护水资源、保护生态环境。

“武夷水秀”这一梦幻而又美妙的多媒体视听盛宴令观众叹为观止。

（1）根据拼音写汉字或给加点字选择正确读音。

（选择题只填序号）（4分)①演yì（）②新yǐng（）③主角（A.jué B.jiáo ）④九曲溪（A．qīB．xī）（2）从文中【甲】【乙】两处选择符合语境的词语填入横线。

（2分）【甲】【乙】.（3）画线句有语病，请将正确的句子写在横线上。

（2分）。

二、阅读（70分）（一）阅读下面的诗歌，回答问题。

（5分）次北固山下（王湾）客路青山外，行舟绿水前。

潮平两岸阔，风正一帆悬。

海日生残夜，江春入旧年。

绝密★本科目考试启用2017年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试语文（北京卷）本试卷共10页，150分。

考试时长150分钟。

考生务必将答案答在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。

考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。

一、本大题共8个小题，共24分。

阅读下面的材料，完成1—8题。

材料一首都博物馆正在举办两个精品展，一个是南昌汉代海昏侯考古成果展，一个是纪念殷墟妇好墓考古发掘四十周年特展。

展览甫．一开始，便引来热切关注，预约名额很快告罄．。

文物曾“乏人问津．”，只为少数专家学者所识，如今竟备受大众青睐。

这反映了大众对文物价值的渴求，也提醒我们，要合理利用文物，充分发掘其文化内涵，让沉睡的古老文物“活”起来，发挥它们在公众知史爱国、鉴物审美，以及技艺传承、文化养心等方面的作用。

文物是人类触摸历史的“活化石”，每一件文物都是历史故事的讲述者。

一件件出土文物，一个个考古故事，足以让每个观展者沉浸在千年历史之中——无论是拿着放大镜对着一枚玉器细细观察的老人，还是那些被罕见金饼“亮瞎眼”的年轻人。

很难想象，三千多年前的工匠，如何将一块玉石切割成型，又琢磨成高8．1厘米，厚只有0．3厘米、憨态可掬的对尾鹦鹉。

那一套套大气而不失华丽的西汉编钟，虽静默无声，却仿佛让我们听到了古老的宫商角徽羽……那些走向博物馆的热切步伐，让我们看到了经济快速发展后现代人对“精品文化”消费的需求，更看到了现代人对自己从哪里来、到哪里去的历史追问。

精美的文物凝聚着工匠们的心血和智慧，不仅代表了当时高超的技艺水平，而且有助于现代技术发展。

古代不少青铜器都是用失蜡法制造的。

20世纪初，德国人曾用失蜡法铸造工业用齿轮；1929年，又对失蜡法进行改造，以硅酸乙酯为耐火涂料，用熔点达1500℃的铬钨钴合金制成假牙。

第二次世界大战期间，美国人奥斯汀在云南保山见到用失蜡法铸成的青铜器，大受启发，铸成了喷气发动机叶片和涡轮盘。

之后，失蜡法技艺发展成为现代精密铸造技术。

绝密★启用前2017年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（浙江卷）语文一、语言文字运用（共20分）1．下列各句中，没有错别字且加点字的注音全都正确的一项是（3分）A．风靡．（mí）各大城市的共享单车给大众出行带来了便利，但乱停乱放，妨碍交通，成为城市“烂疮．（chuāng）疤”，则与共享的初衷背道而驰。

B．某某快递公司陷入“自噬．（shì）”的困境，背后是快速扩张带来的后遗症；加盟模式曾是其业绩突飞猛进的密诀，但也是动摇其大厦基石的蚁穴．（xué）。

C．近日，《我是范雨素》一文在网上刷屏，开篇一句“我的生命是一本不忍卒．（zú）读的书，命运把我装订得极为拙劣”，便让很多人不禁．（jìn）潸然泪下。

D．作为一部主旋律片，《湄公河行动》真实再现了那场发生在金三角的缉．（jī）毒战役，片中抓捕过程之惊险，战斗场面之惨烈，令人咋．（zé）舌。

【答案】D【解析】试题分析：本题考查字音、字形。

A项，风靡mǐ；B项，秘诀；C项，不禁jīn。

【考点定位】识记现代汉语普通话常用字的字音并正确书写现代常用规范汉字。

能力层级为识记A。

阅读下面的文字，完后2—3题。

有人曾将人工智能与人类之间存在的微妙关系，称为“智慧争夺战”。

【甲】也是在这个意义上，欧洲开启．．了“人脑项目”，集神经科学、医学和计算机等多领域为一体，试图从科学高地上把握技术。

这种“智慧竞争”不只是人类脑科学研究的自我赶超，更包括心理与情绪在内的自我认知。

让这场智能革命惠及所有的人群，使得人人可以享受智能的红利，这是时代付与．．我们的使命。

【乙】不管．．达到临界值，超过人类智能总和的“奇点时刻”能否到来，我们都应当从智慧的延伸中，努力升华那独一无二．．．．的想象与思考，理性与善良。

【丙】这或许才是人类认识自己、激发潜力的关键所在。

2．文段中加点的词，运用不正确．．．的一项是（3分）A．开启 B．付与 C．不管 D．独一无二3．文段中画线的甲、乙、丙句，标点有误的一项是（2分）A．甲 B．乙 C．丙【答案】2．B3．B【解析】2．试题分析：B项“付与”错误，应是“赋予”。

成都市2017 年高中阶段教育学校统一招生考试（含成都市初三毕业会考）语文试题A 卷（共100 分）第Ⅰ卷（选择题，共24 分）一、基础知识（每小题3 分，共12 分）1. 下面加点字注音有误的一项是（）A. 收敛．（liǎn）重荷．（hè）豁．然贯通（huò）B. 琐屑．（xuè）媲．美（pì）锲．而不舍（qiè）C. 簇．新（cù）倔强．（jiàng）长吁．短叹（xū）D. 绮．丽（qǐ）卓．越（zhuó）心会神凝．（níng）2. 下列语句中书写正确的一项（）A. 李公朴同志被害之后，警报叠起，形势紧张，闻先生大骂特务，慷慨淋漓。

B. 蚊子战胜了狮子，就吹着喇叭，唱着凯歌飞走，却又被蜘蛛网沾住了。

C. 父亲觉出其中有什么奥秘，逼我立即拿来，我只好进屋把书拿了出来。

D. 你这罕见的地下森林，究竟遭受了什么不幸，以致沉入这黑暗的深渊？3. 下列语句中加点的成语使用有误的一项是（）A.“成都名师论坛”上，名师的教学与作家的演讲相．得．益．彰．，让听众尽享文学之美。

B.入选“感动中国十大人物”的梁益建大夫，医术精湛，医德高尚，令同行肃．然．起．敬．。

C. 国学泰斗季羡林先生深信开．卷．有．益．，生前多次在不同场合倡导青少年要广泛阅读。

D. 正如演出前预料的那样，赵雷将歌曲《成都》演绎得荡气回肠，这让导演喜．出．望．外．。

4. 下列语句中没有语病的一项是（）A.四川移动和摩拜单车合力启动大数据交通工程，其目的是为了破解城市交通拥堵难题。

B.关于《摔跤吧，爸爸》，看似简单的励志故事，实则深刻反映出印度社会的现实问题。

C.随着“绿满蓉城，花重锦官，水润天府”建设规划的提出，成都再次成为全国关注的焦点。

D.为提高节目的文化特色，《朗读者》邀请文化艺术界重量级专家参与节目的策划与制作。

二、文言文阅读（每小题3 分，共12 分）阅读下面文言文，完成5-8 题。

2017“外研社杯”全国英语阅读大赛初赛试卷Read and CreateYou will read a passage and then write a short essay according to it. You should write with clarity and logic. (Time allowed: 40 minutes)Question 32 (Suggested completion time: 40 minutes) Directions: Read a passage from Discourse on the Method of Rightly Conducting the Reason and Seeking the Truth in the Sciences. Write a short essay according to the passage.… And as a multitude of laws often only h ampers justice, so that a state is best governed when, with few laws, these are rigidly administered; in like manner, instead of the great number of precepts of which logic is composed, I believed that the four following would prove perfectly sufficient for me, provided I took the firm and unwavering resolution never in a single instance to fail in observing them.The first was never to accept anything for true which I did not clearly know to be such; that is to say, carefully to avoid precipitancy and prejudice, and to comprise nothing more in my judgment than what was presented to my mind so clearly and distinctly as to exclude all ground of doubt.The second, to divide each of the difficulties under examination into as many parts as possible, and as might be necessary for its adequate solution.The third, to conduct my thoughts in such order that, by commencing with objects the simplest and easiest to know, I might ascend by little and little, and, as it were, step by step, to the knowledge of the more complex; assigning in thought a certain order even to those objects which in their own nature do not stand in a relation of antecedence and sequence.And the last, in every case to make enumerations so complete, and reviews so general, that I might be assured that nothing was omitted. The long chains of simple and easy reasonings by means of which geometers are accustomed to reach the conclusions of their most difficult demonstrations, had led me to imagine that all things, to the knowledge of which man is competent, are mutually connected in the same way, and that there is nothing so far removed from us as to be beyond our reach, or so hidden that we cannot discover it, providedonly we abstain from accepting the false for the true, and always preserve in our thoughts the order necessary for the deduction of one truth from another. And I had little difficulty in determining the objects with which it was necessary to commence, for I was already persuaded that it must be with the simplest and easiest to know, and, considering that of all those who have hitherto sought truth in the sciences, the mathematicians alone have been able to find any demonstrations, that is, any certain and evident reasons, I did not doubt but that such must have been the rule of their investigations. Answer the topic questions with no less than 300 words. You should write in YOUR OWN words:What is the main issue that Descartes explores in this part of the text, and w hat’s his method? What’s your OWN understanding of the methods proposed by Descartes?2017“外研社杯”全国英语阅读大赛初赛答题纸Read and Create。

外研社杯·国才杯·2017年阅读大赛初赛第一场外研社杯·国才杯·2017年阅读大赛初赛第一场Questions1-3(Suggested completion time:3minutes)Directions:Read the following excerpts.Match the excerpts with the book title.Please note there are three extra options you do not need.A.A Tale of Two CitiesB.Pride and PrejudiceC.The Great GatsbyD.Little WomenE.Hard TimesF.Jane Eyre 1.Pretend modesty often is nonsense,sometimes just is the beat around the bush boast.2.Life is too short to continue hating anyone for a long time.3.Whenever you feel like criticizing any one,just remember that all the people in this world haven’t had the advantages that you’ve had.Question4(Suggested completion time:2minutes)Directions:Read the text and answer the question according to the text.Common sense might suggest that children inherit intelligence from both parents.However,certain genes operate differently,depending on whether they are from the mother or father. The genes that determine intelligence are located in chromosome X.Because women carry two X chromosomes and men carry only one,children are twice as likely to get their intelligence from their mom.4.Where is the piece of text most probably taken from?A)A notice.B)A research.C)An advertisement.D)An instruction.Question5(Suggested completion time:2minutes)Directions:Read the text and answer the question according to the text.When friendships were reported as being stressful,people reported higher rates of disease.When friends were supportive,people were healthier.Most of the friendships were reported as being supportive.Family,however,were found to have little influence on an individual’s health and wellbeing.Spouses and children had some effect on an individual’s health and wellbeing, but not as much as friends.With friends you are more likely to do activities–they provide an outlet.You can say things to friends and they are less judgmental.There is a distance there that provides a level of honesty.5.What is the main idea of this text?A)The ways to relieve stress.C)The effects of friendship on health.B)Friends versus family.D)The benefits of having friends.Question6(Suggested completion time:2minutes)Directions:Read the text and answer the question according to the text.With JourneYou,save$200on select departures of its Essential Peru tour.The seven-day trip starts at$899per person double and includes hotel accommodations in Lima,Cusco and the Sacred Valley;ground excursions;daily breakfast and some lunches;flights within Peru;expedition train to Machu Picchu;entrance fees;and taxes.6.What is the most possible type of the text?A)A tour guide.B)An advertisement.C)A presentation.D)An expert’s advice.Question7(Suggested completion time:2minutes)Directions:Read the text and answer the question according to the text.Welcome to Vatican City,the smallest country(by area AND population!)in the world.Surprised?You might have heard of it,but you might not have guessed that many consider the Vatican a country.While it could be argued that the Vatican isn’t technically an independent nation—it doesn’t have a seat at the United Nations—others would dispute that claim.The Vatican abides by the1933Montevideo Convention’s definition of a country,after all.Article One of the Convention says:“The state as a person of international law should possess the following qualifications:a)a permanent population;b)a defined territory;c)government;and d)capacity to enter into relations with the other states.”According to that definition,the Vatican meets all of the criteria for statehood.7.Vatican is seen as a nation because it__________.A)possesses an established governmentB)abides by the international lawC)has a seat at the United NationsD)holds a written constitutionQuestion8(Suggested completion time:2minutes)Directions:Read the text and answer the question according to the text.BSG Wood.b DuomaticCountry of origin:FranceDetails:French bikemaker BSG’s Wood.b line of cycles combine metal pieces with structural components made of exposed ash plywood.The finished product–which is every bit as pricey as it looks–seems closer to art than machinery.Don’t be fooled:BSG’s frame promises exceptional durability,and the use of painted aluminium components keeps weight to a manageable 35lbs.This beauty is a beast.Price:€3190(about$4230)8.What do you know about BSG’s Wood.b bicycles from the text?A)They are made out of pricey wood.B)They are durable.C)The components are exposed.D)Their artistic values outweigh practical values.Question9(Suggested completion time:2minutes)Directions:Read the text and answer the question according to the text.We all know the drill.For the last decade,smartphones have gotten thinner and faster and thinner and faster and,well,you get the picture.But it’s too soon to write off our smartphones as boring.The gadgets are still evolving with new technologies.And for a clue as to what the smartphone of the future might look like,turn your attention to the device’s cameras and the software and sensors that make them tick.Here’s a peek into how the camera may come into play:As soon as you pick up your gadget,it will see you and know you are the owner and unlock the screen.Overseas,you will be able to point the camera at a restaurant menu to translate items into your native language.When shopping for furniture,you can point your phone camera at your living room floor and place a virtual rendering of a coffee table down to see how it looks and move around and peek underneath it.Some of this futurism is already starting to happen.9.What is the most probable title of the text?A)How to Keep on Top of Technology with Your SmartphonesB)The Smartphone’s Future:It’s All About the CameraC)Updating Your Smartphone Sensors for Better FunctionsD)Smartphones:Changes in Ten YearsQuestion10(Suggested completion time:5minutes)Directions:The bar chart shows the number and proportion of urban population living in slums in developing regions from1990to2014.Answer the question according to the information in the chart.10.Which of the following is an INCORRECT description about the chart?A)The proportion of population living in slums of developing regions wasdeclining,but their numbers remained high.B)The year2012saw the largest population living in slums in urban areas ofdeveloping regions.C)From1990to2014,urban populations living in slums in developing regionshave been on the rise.D)The proportion of urban population living in slums fell to nearly30%in2014,which is almost17%lower than that in1990.Questions11-12(Suggested completion time:10minutes)Directions:Read the definitions of two types of logical fallacy.Answer the questions according to the definitions.EquivocationEquivocation is a fallacy that exploits the ambiguity of language by changing themeaning of a word during the course of an argument and using the differentmeanings to support an ill-founded conclusion.Appeal to ForceAn appeal to force is a fallacy that relies on force or intimidation(scare tactics)topersuade an audience to accept a proposition or take a particular course of action.11.Which of the following provides a typical example of Equivocation?A)Ten million Americans can’t be wrong,can they?So buy it.Read it.B)The work permits would run counter to our traditional freedoms and would bethe first step toward a police state.C)The sign said“fine for parking here”and since it was fine,I parked there.D)Scientists tell us we all come from monkeys,and that’s why I homeschool.12.Which of the following provides a typical example of an appeal to force?A)An environmental group illegally blocked loggers and workers at a nuclear plant.Therefore,environmentalists are radicals who take the law into their own hands.B)If you don’t accept that the Sun orbits the Earth,rather than the other wayaround,then you’ll be excommunicated from the Church.C)Why are you asking me about Mary’s message?I resent her question.D)Noisy children are a real headache.Two aspirin will make a headache go away.Therefore,two aspirin will make noisy children go away.Questions13-14Challenge your brain.(Suggested completion time:6minutes)Directions:Read the following texts and answer the questions according to the texts.13.A food company once said in their advertisement:“Recent studies have highlighted the harmful effects of additives in food(colors,preservatives,flavor enhancers etc.).There are no synthetic substances in the foods we produce.We use only natural ingredients.Hence you can be sure you are safeguarding your family’s health when you buy our products.”Which of the following,if true,would most weaken the contention of“the foods we produce”?A)Food without additives is unlikely to taste good.B)Some synthetic substances are not harmful.C)Some natural substances found in foods can be harmful.D)Without preservatives some foods could cause harm.14.One man has a nice portrait in his library.When he was asked whom is represented,he replied:Uncles and brothersHave I none,But that man’s fatherIs my father’s son.What relation was the subject of the portrait to that man?The portrait isQuestions15-17(Suggested completion time:6minutes)Directions:Read the text about food tastes.Answer the questions according to the text.Saliva can alter the taste of food.Saliva is vital in helping us eat food safely,and it lubricates and transports taste molecules from food to our taste buds.Saliva contains an enzyme called amylase,which breaks down starch into sugars.If you’ve ever noticed that some children keep bread in their mouth for a long time,it’s because as the amylase in their saliva acts on the starch,15.There are other enzymes in saliva that act on fat and protein,and control how we perceive food.The composition of saliva in each person is different.It changes throughout the day,and is influenced by what you eat,what exercise you have done,your mood,and even whether it is light or dark outside.Proteomics(the study of proteins and their function)is an approach that can measure differences in the protein composition of different people’s saliva.The types and level of proteins and enzymes present in saliva vary from person to person,and this changes the way flavour is released from food in our mouth.The bacteria that live in our mouths,part of our microbiome,also have an influence.For example,bacteria change the flavours of food by increasing the production of molecules that create particular taste experiences.The types of bacteria that are present create a unique response in each individual.Research into individual food preferences—whether they be as a result of our genetics,saliva or the way we chew—may one day guide food manufacturers to produce healthier options of our everyday foods.Hopefully this may contribute to consumers making better menu selections and decrease the number of food-related diseases.15.Which of the following best fits in the numbered space in the text?A)the bread is easier to be chewed and digestedB)more nutrients could be transported from food to our mouthC)the digestion process is fasterD)more sugar is produced and the bread tastes sweeter16.Which of the following is NOT true about enzymes?A)It alters the flavours of food by increasing the production of molecules.B)It is one of the key compounds in the composition of saliva.C)It can act on starch,fat and protein in food to create different flavours.D)Its types and level have personal variations which contribute to different tastes of food.17.Which of the following can be inferred from the text?A)The bacteria in our mouths would spoil the tastes of food.B)This study of taste can help customers choose healthier diets.C)That we have different tastes to the same food is because of enzymes in our saliva.D)The ingredients of your saliva remain the same when you’re happy or not. Questions18-19(Suggested completion time:5minutes)Directions:Read the text about Saturn.Decide whether the statements are True or False according to the text.Saturn in natural color,photographed by Cassini in July2008NASA announced new discoveries that would help in the search for life beyond Earth.The new data comes from the space agency’s Cassini spacecraft,which orbits the planet Saturn and its moons.The Hubble Space Telescope,which was launched into Earth orbit in1990,provided additional information.It has studied the planet and its many natural satellites since arriving there in2004.In one key finding,Cassini scientists have determined that plumes of gas erupting out of Saturn’s icy moon Enceladus contain hydrogen.The researchers also discovered hydrogen gas pouring into Enceladus’s subsurface ocean from hydrothermal activity on the seafloor.Hydrogen gas could potentially provide a chemical energy source for life.On Earth, hydrothermal vents are filled with microscopic life forms.Confirmation that the chemical energy for life exists within the ocean of a small moon of Saturn is an important milestone in the search for habitable worlds beyond Earth.18.Cassini is a spacecraft orbiting Saturn and has studied Saturn for at least nine years.A)True B)False19.The detection of hydrogen gas is a powerful evidence of the habitability of Saturn.A)True B)FalseQuestions20-21(Suggested completion time:6minutes)Directions:Read the text and answer the questions according to the text.Ten thousand years from now(assuming humans haven’t been wiped out by a plague,space rock or our own destructive tendencies,)it’ll probably be fairly easy for the average person to research what life was like in2017.For us here today,finding out what life was like in11,000BC is much more challenging,but by studying ancient stone carvings and pairing the somewhat confusing messages with archeological data,researchers believe they’ve discovered concrete evidence that may have altered the future of mankind:a comet strike.The study,performed by a team of researchers from the University of Edinburgh,suggests that a potentially cataclysmic comet strike rapidly and dramatically altered the Earth’s climate for hundreds of years,sending humanity into a mini ice age with nearly glacial conditions.The time period when this occurred is known as the Younger Dryas,and has been well-documented thanks to ample evidence of the cooling found in core samples,but its cause has been theorized and debated for a long while.Now,thanks to stone carvings left by ancient people in modern day Turkey,researchers believe that a comet was the culprit.The carvings are remarkably preserved and appear to have been created to document an apocalyptic event which devastated the land.Figures depicted in the carvings,includingapparently deceased,headless human bodies and other wildlife,were made at around the time the Younger Dryas began,suggesting that the event archived in stone could have been the same one that caused the thousand-year cold snap.The carvings were found at what is considered to be one of the oldest and most important temple sites on the planet,and for the images to appear there suggests that they have enormous historical significance.The Younger Dryas is often credited with pushing ancient humans to band together out of pure necessity,forming the foundation of modern agriculture and other huge advancements in civilization.The idea that a comet may have been responsible for pushing humanity forward is an extremely interesting,and potentially frightening possibility.The findings are far from an iron-clad confirmation,but the timing matches up shockingly well and would have to be a fantastic coincidence if the two events are actually unrelated.20.Which of the following is TRUE about the Younger Dryas according to the text?A)A comet devastated the land and killed living creatures during the Younger Dryas.B)The recent research findings prove that the Younger Dryas is related to a comet strike.C)Many stone carvings were well-preserved and discovered in the Younger Dryas.D)The Younger Dryas is usually considered as the foundation of modern agriculture.21.What is the possible main idea of this text?A)Early civilization began in the Younger Dryas.B)Ancient stone carvings help a lot in archaeology.C)A comet strike may have changed human’s history.D)Researchers found the cause of climate change.Questions22-23(Suggested completion time:7minutes)Directions:Read the text about tardigrade.Answer the questions according to thetext.The world’s most indestructible species—a stout,microscopic animal with four pairs of legs,known as the water bear or tardigrade—will survive until the sun dies,according to new research from Oxford University and the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics(CfA).22The water-dwelling micro-animals are known to be able to live for up to30years without food or water.They can endure temperatures of up to150degrees Celsius,the deep sea,and the frozen vacuum of space.And they can even survive the risk of extinction from cosmic catastrophes—asteroids,supernovas,gamma ray bursts—and likely last for at least10billion years,far longer than the human race,according to the new study published in Scientific Reports.Not bad for an animal that grows to a maximum size of0.5mm.“A lot of previous work has focused on‘doomsday’scenarios on Earth—astrophysical events like supernovas that could wipe out the human race.Our study instead considered the hardiest species,”said David Sloan,co-author and postdoctoral research associate in the Department of Physics at Oxford University.Sloan said researchers were surprised by the extent of the tardigrade’s resiliency.“It seems that life,once it gets going,is hard to wipe out entirely.Huge numbers of species or even entire genera may become extinct,but life as a whole will go on.”The research implies that life on Earth will extend as long as the sun keeps shining.It also reveals that once life emerges,it is surprisingly difficult to destroy,opening the possibility of life on other planets.“Tardigrades are as close to indestructible as it gets on Earth,but it is possible that there are other resilient species examples elsewhere in the universe,”said Dr.Rafael Alves Batista, co-author and post-doctoral research associate in the Department of Physics at Oxford University.22.Which of the following best fits in the numbered space in the text?A)Tardigrade reproduces through sexual and asexual reproduction,depending on thespecies.B)Tardigrade may be little but they are the toughest form of life on Earth.C)Tardigrade’s legs resemble those of crabs,spiders,and other bugs of similar genera.D)Tardigrade’s truly bizarre genetic constitution is revealed by geneticists.23.What would the author most likely write about in the following parts of the text?A)Previous research on the influence of“doomsday”scenarios.B)The resilience of life in general beyond the scope of Earth.C)The situations when new threats to tardigrades occur.D)The reasons for species to survive extreme conditions in the universe.Questions24-31(Suggested completion time:30minutes)Directions:Read three passages about game addiction.Answer the questions according to the passages.Passage AChinese games giant Tencent intends to calm parents’fears of gaming addictions by introducing time limits for younger players.The firm has begun by implementing restrictions in mobile title Honour of Kings,one of its most popular games with200million users.Reuters reports that users aged12or younger will only be able to play the game for one hour per day,with this extending to two hours for those between12and18years old. Tencent has also said it will lock under-12s out of the game if they attempt to log in after9pm.It will even increase restrictions on how much money kids can spend in the game. Honour of Kings will be the first title to impose these limits,but Tencent has also said it will make improvements to the rest of its portfolio,which encompasses more than200games. Planned measures include an upgraded parental control platform,so parents will be able to monitor their children’s gaming activities,and an increased requirement for users to register under their real names.“There are no rules to prevent indulgence in online games in China,but we decided to be the first to try to dispel parent worries by limiting play time and forcing children to log off,”a Tencent spokesperson wrote.Mobile games in particular have been under scrutiny by parents for years—particularly those that easily allow in-app purchases,with countless reports of children racking up huge bills through microtransactions.With mobile very much the dominant games platform for kids around the world,not just in China,it’s not unlikely we’ll see more companies introduce similar measures to assuage fears that children are becoming addicted to such titles.Passage BMost addictions,such as substance abuse addictions have a set ability to be defined based on use of a substance alone.Unfortunately,video game addiction cannot be defined quite so easily.It can take more than just insight into one’s ability or enthusiasm in a video game to define it as an addiction.A true video game addiction is a compulsive disorder,a clinical impulse to play a video game.Psychiatrist Michael Brody defines video game addiction as:1.A need for the person to play the game constantly or take part in gaming activities more and more frequently2.Irritability or miserableness related to not getting the video game action one desiresThese signs are really no different than those present with a substance abuse addiction and in many ways,compulsive video gaming can be treated using similar methods that are used to treat substance pulsive gaming not only has many of the same signs as substance abuse addictions or problems,it also has many withdrawal symptoms or stages that come when the addict stops playing video games such as insomnia,anger,violent behaviors and other disorders,most of which are treatable with time and therapy.According to the National Academic Advising Association,an excessive gaming problem becomes an addiction when it is used to change a person’s mood.Many methods of treatment can be found to help those who are addicted to video games to stop the cycle of gaming and get on the right track to social and emotional recovery.Because many video game addictions are the result of an inept social being or the result of masking emotions,most treatment methods revolve around helping the teen,child or adult to become more social,overcome negative emotions and reduce boredom by finding more productive things to do.In many ways,treatment for video game addiction is treated the same way as the treatment for any other addiction such as a substance abuse problem or alcoholism.Passage CAdam figured he needed to avoid temptation,so he limited his contact with friends who were hardcore gamers.He used filters on the popular Reddit website to avoid any discussion of gaming topics.And in the most radical step,he rendered his online gaming account unusable by resetting his username and password to strings of randomly generated numbers and letters.He then burned the paper on which he had written them,ensuring they were lost forever.“Once I removed all stimulation that was game-related,not playing became very easy,”he said.As Adam’s obsession cooled,he grew interested in meeting others who had endured similar experiences.He formed a Chicago chapter of Computer Gaming Addicts Anonymous,a support group that loosely follows the12-step approach to recovery(it recently began holding weekly meetings at the Hazelden Betty Ford Foundation on the Near North Side). Through the group,Adam met a55-year-old Chicago woman with a very different gaming problem.She didn’t get sucked into elaborate fantasy worlds or high-adrenaline shooters—her issue was smartphone games like Burger Shop and Words with Friends.“I lost a good job six years ago,and maybe a contributing factor was being tired from being up until3a.m. playing games on my phone,”she said.Therapy,prayer and traditional12-step meetings didn’t provide much help.But when she met Adam,talking things over in a Chicago coffee shop,she found someone who understood her issues and kept her accountable when she tried to stop.The woman said she played her last video game in2015,though she still finds herself pulled toward text-based trivia games.“It’s not that fun,but I think there’s still some dopamine in it,”she said.“Things are moving on my phone.”As for Adam,he works as a computer programmer,a situation he jokes is similar to a recovering alcoholic working in a liquor store.Constant proximity to a screen has not led him back into uncontrollable play,he said,though he still fools around with simple computer games for a few minutes a week.In the end,he sees himself as a recovering addict,but he says the label isn’t important.Video games were his deliverance from depression,loneliness and social anxiety.When he finally dealt with those problems,he said,he didn’t need the games anymore.24.According to Passage A,Tencent plans to take the following anti-addiction measures EXCEPT__________.A)an increased requirement for real-name registrationB)an improved parental control systemC)a limit on the sum of in-game purchasesD)a curfew on the players aged12and under25.The word assuage in Passage A is closest in meaning to__________.A)confront B)inspire C)fuel D)relieve26.It can be learnt from Passage B that video game addiction__________.A)can be defined similarly as substance abuse addictionsB)can be treated the same way used to treat most addictionsC)has exactly the same symptoms as substance abuse addictionsD)has restricted withdrawal symptoms compared with other addictions27.According to Passage B,which of the following group of people are more likely to be addicted to video games?A)Those who are pessimistic.B)Those who are not socially skilled.C)Those who cannot control their emotions.D)Those who are afraid of challenges in real life.28.The game addict Adam in Passage C has taken all the following ways to recover himself from game addiction EXCEPT__________.A)keeping himself away from computerB)making his online gaming account unusableC)reducing his contact with game-loving friendsD)forming a support group that follows recovering steps29.The55-year-old Chicago woman in Passage C found it helpful for her recovery from game addiction when she had__________.A)found some creative things to doB)participated in12-step meetingsC)talked things over with AdamD)received therapy and kept praying30-31.Decide whether the statements are True or Falseaccording to the three passages.30.From Passage B and Passage C it can be inferred that many game addicts may get better if they can solve their social and emotional problems.A)True B)False31.All the three passages point out the bad effects of game addiction and provide some solutions.A)True B)False。

南海区2017—2018学年度第一学期读写能力大赛六年级语文试卷出卷人：南海区大沥镇海北小学田诗涛南海区2017—2018学年度第一学期读写能力大赛六年级语文试卷说明：1．考试时间为90分钟。

2．卷面分为100分。

一、阅读（50分）（一）背诵识记类（15分）1．填空题（4分）（1）“横眉冷对千夫指，俯首甘为孺子牛”是对人格的真实写照，其原名是，他发表了中国现代文学史上第一篇白话小说。

（2）《三国演义》中的蜀国军师是家喻户晓的人物，他上知天文，下知地理，成了智慧的象征。

请写出有关他的一个故事名称。

在我国四大古典文学名著中，还有一部作品也塑造了一位足智多谋的军师，这个人物是，他的绰号是，这部作品是。

2．连线题（4分）赤日炎炎春露似珍珠月似弓鸟语花香夏草色遥看近却无粉妆玉砌秋映日荷花别样红枫叶似火冬千树万树梨花开3．选择题（4分）（1）全校同学正进行大扫除，下列四个人打扫的态度，可看出个性最急躁的是（）A.小芳好整以暇地整理讲台B.小惠慢调斯理地打扫着地板C.小程气急败坏地刷着厕所D.小青从容不迫地擦着窗户（2）按顺序排列下面的句子。

①肖邦从小就喜欢音乐，他六岁开始练习钢琴，八岁就举办演奏会了。

②当时的人，都惊讶他的音乐天才，争着要为他出版呢。

③肖邦是波兰的一位伟大的音乐家。

④在他十五岁那年，就已经写成了第一首圆舞曲。

⑤他出生在波兰的国都华沙，父亲是一位教师。

A.①②⑤④③B.③⑤①④②C.①④②⑤③D.③⑤①②④4．判断题（3分）（1）文学史上被世人称为“小李杜”的是李商隐和杜甫。

（）（2）演讲稿具有“可讲性”、“针对性”和“号召性”三大特点。

（）（3）《给诗加“腰”》使我们懂得了炼字的重要性。

（）（二）实用类文本阅读（12分）六年级彩虹二班准备组织一次名著阅读交流活动，请你参与并按要求事先做好如下工作。

【1】通过对以上表格内容的分析，你得出的结论是：（至少写出两点）( 2 分）【2】请向同学们介绍一下你的读书经验，并摘录一句名言以阐明读书的重要性。