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各国不同-世界医疗保险制度大对比在全球范围内，不同国家的医疗保险制度有着巨大的差异。
有些国家的制度采用公共医疗保险，其中政府为每个人提供基本医疗保险；而其他国家的制度则是私人医疗保险，需要个人购买保险才能得到医疗保障。
本文将介绍世界各国的医疗保险制度，以及它们的优缺点。
1. 美国美国的医疗保险制度是世界上最昂贵的，而且被认为是最不公平的。
该制度不是由政府提供，而是由私人医疗保险公司提供保障。
人们需要购买私人医疗保险来获得医疗保障，但是仍有大量人无法负担医疗保险费用。
此外，美国医疗服务的质量也因此而受到了质疑。
2. 加拿大加拿大是一个公共医疗保险制度的典型例子。
政府为每个居民提供基本医疗保险，包括其中的绝大部分医疗费用。
加拿大的医疗保险制度被广泛认为是相对容易负担的，并且提供的医疗服务质量也非常高。
3. 英国英国的国民医疗系统（NHS）是全球最古老、最完整的公共医疗保险制度之一。
政府向所有人提供基本医疗保险，包括预防保健、门诊治疗、住院治疗等，其中一部分医疗服务必须按需使用，而另一部分则需要等待。
英国的国民医疗系统经过多年的发展，已经成为一个高效、有机、高质量的系统。
4. 澳大利亚澳大利亚的医疗保险系统基于公共医疗和私人医疗两种制度。
政府提供基本医疗保险，但是它不足以支付所有的医疗费用，因此个人需要购买额外的私人医疗保险。
澳大利亚的医疗保险制度效率非常高，排队时间短，服务质量高。
5. 日本日本的医疗保险制度是一种典型的社会医疗保险制度。
政府为每个人提供基本医疗保险，但不包括所有的医疗费用。
人们需要购买私人医疗保险来支付额外的费用。
日本的医疗保险制度被广泛认为是相对容易负担的，且排队时间短。
6. 新西兰新西兰的医疗保险制度基于公共医疗和私人医疗两种制度。
政府提供基本医疗保险，但是也需要支付一部分费用，所以需要购买私人医疗保险来支付余下费用。
新西兰的医疗保险制度也被认为是相对容易负担的，并且提供的医疗服务质量也很高。
医疗制度国际比较研究报告医疗制度国际比较研究报告概述医疗制度是各个国家为了满足人民对医疗服务的需求而建立起来的一套组织管理体系，反映了一个国家对于医疗资源的分配和管理方式。
本报告旨在对世界上几个典型国家的医疗制度进行比较研究，从而为其他国家制定和改进医疗政策提供参考和借鉴。
一、德国医疗制度德国医疗制度以“公共医疗保险体系”为主，该体系覆盖了绝大多数德国居民。
公共医疗保险通过从工资和薪水中扣除保险费来为参保人提供医疗保障。
同时，德国还有私人医疗保险，适用于高收入人群。
德国医疗制度在覆盖率、医疗质量和药品价格控制等方面具有一定的优势。
二、美国医疗制度美国医疗制度以“保险为基础”为特点，大部分人通过商业保险来获得医疗保障。
同时，政府也提供医疗救助计划给予贫困人群医疗援助。
然而，美国的医疗系统存在着高昂的医疗费用、不平等的医疗资源分配以及保险覆盖范围不全等问题。
三、加拿大医疗制度加拿大采用的是“单一支付者制度”，即由政府作为唯一支付者来支付医疗费用。
医疗服务由各个省份负责管理和提供。
加拿大医疗制度具有普及性和公平性的特点，但也存在着医疗资源紧张、等待时间长等问题。
四、日本医疗制度日本的医疗制度以“全民健康保险”为基础，覆盖了几乎所有的日本居民。
全民健康保险由雇主和个人共同缴纳保险费。
日本医疗制度在医疗服务量和质量方面表现突出，但在费用控制方面仍存在待改进的地方。
五、英国医疗制度英国医疗制度以“国民医疗服务”为核心，由政府全额负担医疗费用，居民无需支付个人保险费用。
英国医疗制度覆盖广泛，但由于资源有限，导致等待时间长的问题较为突出。
六、比较分析通过对以上几个国家医疗制度的比较分析，可以发现每个国家的医疗制度都有其优点和不足之处。
德国的公共医疗保险体系覆盖率高，质量好，但保险费较高；美国的医疗制度覆盖面窄，费用高，等问题亟需改善；加拿大的医疗制度普及性好，但医疗资源有限；日本的医疗服务质量高，但费用较高；英国的医疗制度覆盖广泛，但等待时间长。
各国家医疗制度的对比和优化方案医疗是人类生活中不可或缺的一部分，每个国家都面临着医疗制度的问题。
然而，不同的国家在医疗制度上的差异是明显的，是否有“最佳”的医疗制度需要我们去思考和探究，本文将着重比较几个国家的医疗制度，并探讨各国之间的差异和各自的优化方案。
一、美国医疗制度美国是全球最大的经济体之一，同时也是全球医疗费用最为昂贵的国家之一。
虽然美国在医疗方面的技术和设备先进，但是其医疗制度却存在一系列的问题：1. 医疗保险制度不完善美国的医疗保险制度比较分散，政府提供的医疗保险只覆盖了一小部分人，而大部分人则需要选择私人医疗保险。
由于私人保险的价格较高，许多人无法负担保险费用，导致大量的无保险人群。
这种情况下，医院为了弥补无保险人群的费用，不得不将费用转嫁给有保险人群。
这使得整个医疗市场价格不断上涨，导致医疗费用走向不可持续。
2. 医生过剩或缺乏美国医疗制度的另一个问题是医生的过剩和缺乏。
一方面，美国有很多医学院，每年获得医学学位的学生数量很多，因此造成了医生的过剩。
另一方面，则存在着很多地区没有足够的医生提供服务。
这种矛盾的存在，导致了一些地区交通便捷的地区医疗资源浪费，而其他地区的人群则面临医疗服务缺乏的问题。
3. 医疗效率低下美国医疗制度的效率比较低下，因此导致了医疗服务的通货膨胀。
医院和医疗机构长期以来都是半封闭的市场，不断向医生提高报酬和向患者收取高额的费用。
这种行为已经导致了医疗市场价格飞涨，导致了严重的医疗资源浪费问题。
4. 医疗技术先进却缺乏普及美国的医疗技术非常先进，但是对于普通人来说却不可负担。
一些医学技术甚至需要患者自掏腰包才能获得，这使得普通人无法享受到最先进的医学技术。
针对以上问题，美国的政府和各医疗机构应该注重以下方向进行优化：1. 完善医疗保险制度政府应该加大对医疗保险的覆盖范围和投入，让更多的人群能够享受到医疗保险的福利，降低医疗市场的价格，减少医疗资源的浪费。
2. 调整医疗服务的布局政府应该加大对医疗服务的布局调整，合理分配医生资源，增加医疗服务的供给和满足人民日益增长的医疗需求。
就业前景：美国医生VS英国医生，应该如何选择？为什么有些同期的医生，在沉寂一段时间之后，却传来了出国行医的消息？为什么曾经认为行不通的路，别人却走过去了？为什么在逼仄的医疗环境下没有第二个选择的可能？（请观看视频，你要的答案都在里面）国外执业医生考试是为了更好的从业虽然美国（USMLE）/英国（PLAB）的等国外的医生执照考试比中国的医师执照难，但国外的执业考试更像驾照考试，不是为了为难考生，而是为了更好的从业。
在英国行医，虽然它的考试时间看起来比美国短，但是它的难度并不比美国的低，英国给外国人的工作许可没有美国高，但是在英国做training做主治医生期间，工资并不低，可能比美国好要好一些，但是到了主任医师这个水平的时候，美国的医生的工资要比英国的高很多，大概差距2-3倍。
中国人学医学英语是天生的劣势欧美医生社会地位、经济地位的高度，在中国的医生身上并没有体现，作为真心想学医的同学，每一个好的医学生内心都有到欧美国家从医的梦想。
另外，中国的医学生还面临一个全球化的问题。
中国的医学教育/医疗服务，在全球化进程中，并没有卷进来（之一），但这并不是说中国的医疗教育以及服务可以置身事外。
对比中国和欧美的医疗教育，我们会发现差距很大，从根部来说，首先就是语言。
西医，采用的是古希腊和罗马的拉丁语、英语、法语混合的语言，我们的教育从根上就没有采用这种世界通用的语言去学习。
如果是对现代医学感兴趣的话，就一定用西医的语言学习，才能真正懂得其循证医学的逻辑。
因此，对于我们中国的医学生来说，就会面临来自西方医学生的挑战，用中文学西医，是一个天生存在劣势。
考国外执业医生需要多大的毅力？从来来往往，各种各样考过试的人来说，在考试和做住院医生以及以后做主任医师所要求的的素质是截然不同的。
前者需要偏执、锲而不舍、必须考过的决心。
曾经有个女孩，白天把8个小时的工作压缩到5-6个小时，晚上回家还要带孩子，还能抽出时间考完英国执业医师的试，非常让人佩服和尊敬。
外国的医疗制度一、引言外国医疗制度的多样性和复杂性是其显著特点。
不同国家根据自身的社会、经济和文化背景，发展出了各具特色的医疗体系。
本文将概述几个具有代表性的国家医疗制度，以便更好地理解国际医疗体系的运作。
二、美国医疗制度1. 私人保险主导2. 政府医疗保险（如Medicare和Medicaid）3. 高昂的医疗费用4. 医疗质量与效率三、英国国家卫生服务（NHS）1. 全民免费医疗服务2. 政府资助和运营3. 长期资金和资源分配问题4. 等待时间较长四、加拿大医疗制度1. 公共医疗保险体系2. 政府主导，私人补充3. 医疗服务的普遍性和平等性4. 医疗资源分配与等待时间五、德国医疗制度1. 社会保险制度2. 强制性健康保险3. 私人健康保险选项4. 高质量医疗服务与成本控制六、日本医疗制度1. 国民健康保险2. 政府与私人部门合作3. 高度发达的医疗技术4. 长寿社会的医疗需求七、新加坡医疗制度1. 综合医疗保险计划2. 政府主导的医疗储蓄计划3. 私人医疗服务的补充4. 医疗资源的高效利用八、比较与分析1. 医疗制度的覆盖范围2. 医疗费用的承担与分配3. 医疗服务的可及性与质量4. 医疗制度的可持续性和改革九、结论不同国家的医疗制度反映了各自的社会价值观、经济实力和政策选择。
通过比较分析，可以发现一些共同的挑战和成功的经验，为改进和优化本国医疗制度提供参考。
十、建议1. 强化基本医疗保障2. 鼓励医疗创新与技术发展3. 优化医疗资源配置4. 促进医疗体系的透明度和公平性请注意，以上内容仅为模板，具体分析和建议需要根据实际情况和详细数据进行调整。
美国vs英格兰美国vs英格兰：两个国家的比较概述：美国和英格兰是两个历史悠久、文化独特且重要的国家。
尽管它们有着一些相似之处，但在政治、文化、经济和社会方面存在着显著的差异。
本文将对美国和英格兰进行综合比较，并探讨它们之间的相似之处和差异。
一、政治体制比较：美国是一个总统共和制国家，由总统、国会和最高法院组成的三权分立制度。
英格兰则是一个君主立宪制国家，国会由下议院和上议院组成，君主作为国家元首，但其权力很大程度上是象征性的。
在美国，每四年一次的总统选举是国家政治的重要事件，而英国的首相是由议会选出的，通常来自多数党。
美国总统有较大的独立决策权，而英国首相更多地依赖于议会的支持。
二、文化比较：美国是一个移民国家，有着丰富多元的文化。
其文化影响远超国界，如好莱坞电影、音乐和流行文化。
相比之下，英格兰有着强烈的自身文化传统，众所周知的英式绅士、下午茶等都是其独特的文化象征。
英国有着丰富的文学传统，包括莎士比亚、狄更斯和奥斯卡王尔德等作家。
而美国在文学方面也有许多杰出的作家，如马克·吐温、欧内斯特·海明威和威廉·福克纳等。
三、经济比较：美国是世界上最大的经济体之一，是一个高度发达的市场经济体。
它以创新、科技和创业精神而著名，并且在全球贸易中扮演着重要角色。
英格兰也是一个发达的经济体，伦敦作为国际金融中心而闻名。
然而，美国和英格兰在经济模式上存在一些差异。
美国更强调自由市场和私有制，而英格兰在某些领域中更依赖于公共部门的干预。
四、社会福利比较：美国和英格兰在社会福利体系上有一定的差异。
英格兰拥有国家卫生服务体系（NHS），提供免费或低廉的医疗服务，而美国的医疗体系则更加市场化，并且普遍要求个人购买医疗保险。
美国在教育方面也存在差异。
英格兰有着著名的大学，如牛津和剑桥，这些学府享有国际声誉。
美国也拥有一流的大学，在科研和创新方面占据着领先地位。
结论：尽管美国和英格兰之间存在各种差异，但两个国家在历史和文化方面有着紧密的联系。
美国和中国医疗系统区别英语作文全文共6篇示例，供读者参考篇1The Differences Between American and Chinese Healthcare SystemsHi there! My name is Alex and I'm a 4th grader. Today for my English class essay, I want to tell you about the big differences between how hospitals and doctors work in America compared to China. It's a pretty interesting topic once you learn about it!In America, we have something called private health insurance. That means families have to pay money each month to an insurance company. The insurance companies are businesses that make money. When you get sick or hurt and go to the hospital, the insurance company helps pay the bill so you don't have to pay the entire huge cost all by yourself.But even with insurance, hospitals and doctors in America can be really expensive! My dad complains about how much he has to pay for our health insurance plan through his work. And my mom is always calling the insurance company to see whatthey will cover for my baby sister's earache or my grandpa's heart medicine. It can be confusing and frustrating!In China, things work in a totally different way. China has something called a universal public healthcare system. That's kind of like having an insurance plan, but it's provided by the government instead of a private company. All citizens can get healthcare for cheap or even free, with the bill paid by the government.From what I've learned, the Chinese government keeps costs down by only allowing a small number of pharmaceutical companies to make drugs and medical supplies. They negotiate good deals for affordable prices. The government also owns and operates many hospitals and clinics across the country. Plus, the doctors in China generally make lower salaries than American doctors.Another big difference is that in America if you don't have health insurance, you might not be able to afford to go to the doctor or hospital when you need it. But in China, pretty much everyone is covered by the public healthcare system so you can get taken care of regardless of your income level.Of course, every system has its pros and cons. One downside of China's public healthcare system is that sometimes there arereally long wait times to see doctors, get surgery, or get certain treatments. Since it's cheap for everyone, tons of people try to access it so you have to wait in a huge line.My mom says the American system is more flexible, with shorter wait times if you have good private insurance. You can often see a specialist doctor more quickly than you could in China's public system. But of course, that "flexibility" comes with a much higher price tag!Something else to consider is the quality of medical care. From what I've read, many of China's doctors and hospitals, especially in the big cities like Beijing and Shanghai, areworld-class with excellent training and equipment. But the quality can be more uneven in the rural countryside areas of China where resources are limited.Meanwhile in America, we generally have very high quality care no matter which state or city you live in. But again, that high quality care is expensive! And there are still some communities and populations in America that don't have affordable access to top doctors and hospitals.Overall, I think both the American private insurance system and the Chinese public system have major trade-offs when it comes to costs, wait times, quality of care, and overallaccessibility. There are good things and not-so-good things about each approach.I guess there's no perfect one-size-fits-all solution, which is why healthcare keeps being such a huge debate and political issue in both of our countries! People are always arguing over how to best provide affordable, quality care to everyone while managing costs. It's a really complex challenge with no easy answers.Those are just some of my thoughts comparing the healthcare systems of America and China based on what I've learned so far. Let me know if you have any other questions! I'd be curious to hear your perspectives too. Thanks for reading my essay!篇2The Healthcare Systems of the United States and ChinaHi! My name is Lily and I'm going to tell you about the healthcare systems in the United States and China. Healthcare is really important because it helps keep people healthy and treats them when they get sick or injured. Let me explain how it works in these two countries.In the United States, they have something called private health insurance. That means people have to pay money to an insurance company every month, and in return, the insurance company agrees to pay for most of their medical bills if they need to go to the doctor or hospital. Grown-ups usually get health insurance through their jobs. If their job doesn't offer insurance, they have to buy it themselves, which can be really expensive!Most Americans have health insurance, but there are still millions who don't have any insurance at all. For those people, it can cost a ton of money even just to go to the doctor for a regular check-up. That's why the U.S. government has programs like Medicaid and Medicare to help some groups likelow-income families, senior citizens, and people with disabilities get healthcare coverage.On top of that, the U.S. has lots of private hospitals and clinics run by companies, not the government. Patients can choose to go wherever they want for medical care. But it gets really confusing because every insurance plan has different rules about which doctors and hospitals are "in-network" and how much they'll pay for different services. It's a hassle to figure out!Now let me talk about China. In China, they have something called a universal healthcare system. That means the government provides affordable basic medical services for everybody through public hospitals and clinics using money from taxes. Isn't that nice? You don't have to buy any special insurance!When people in China need medical care, they just go to one of the public hospitals or clinics and show their government ID card. Then they only have to pay a small part of the total cost out of their own pocket, while the government covers the rest from the taxes everyone pays.However, the quality of medical care can be pretty different between the big city public hospitals and the smaller clinics in rural areas. The city hospitals are usually better with more modern equipment and talented doctors. A lot of Chinese people try their best to go to the nicer city hospitals when they're sick because they think the care is better there.Despite having basic universal healthcare though, many people in China's bigger cities still choose to buy extra private health insurance too. That's because the public system doesn't cover every medical treatment, certain medications, or篇3The Differences Between the American and Chinese Healthcare SystemsHi there! My name is Jamie and I'm going to tell you about the healthcare systems in the United States and China. This is a really important topic because healthcare is super duper important for keeping people healthy and alive.In the United States, we have what is called a private healthcare system. That means that healthcare companies are businesses that try to make money. People have to pay for private health insurance plans from these companies in order to go to the doctor and hospital without paying totally crazy high prices.Some people get health insurance from their employer or job. The company pays part of the insurance costs and the employee pays the other part out of their paycheck. Other people have to buy insurance all by themselves through websites like . Older people over 65 get Medicare which is paid for by the government.No matter what kind of health insurance you have, you usually have to pay some money out of your own pocket when you go to the doctor or hospital. You pay what is called a co-pay, like 20 for a regular check-up or 50 to see a specialist doctor. Youalso have to pay deductibles, which could be thousands of dollars per year before your insurance coverage kicks in.The biggest downside of the U.S. healthcare system is that millions of Americans don't have any health insurance at all because it is so expensive. Without insurance, seeing a doctor or going to the hospital could literally cost thousands and thousands of dollars! That's like a bajillion dollars for a kid. So those people often avoid getting healthcare until they get super duper sick.In China, there is what is called a universal basic healthcare system. That means the government pays for everyone's basic health needs. All Chinese citizens can get low-cost healthcare services covered by public health insurance programs.When Chinese people need to see a regular doctor or go to a standard hospital, they only have to pay a small portion of the total costs out of their own money. The government insurance programs cover the rest. For example, a person might only pay 5 or 10 to see a doctor for a regular check-up instead of 100 or more in the United States.However, if a Chinese person needs very expensive procedures like major surgery or treatment for serious diseases like cancer, they may have to pay a bigger portion of the totalcosts. Or they may choose to use a private hospital or doctor that accepts higher payments for better services and shorter wait times.The cool thing about China's healthcare system is that virtually everybody can get affordable basic medical care without going completely broke. But one of the downsides is that there are often really long wait times to see doctors, get surgery, or receive certain treatments through the public system.Another issue in China is that many rural areas don't have very good hospitals or medical facilities. City hospitals are way nicer and have better doctors, but country folks might have to travel really far to get there. That's not much of a problem for people living in big cities like Beijing or Shanghai though.So in summary, the United States has a way more privatized healthcare system based on health insurance companies. Millions don't have insurance and costs are crazy high, but medical care can be very good quality if you can afford it.China has more of a government-backed universal healthcare system where everybody can get low-cost basic medical services. But there can be long waits, quality issues, and higher costs if you need fancy private care or major medical procedures.Those are the biggest differences between the healthcare systems of the U.S. and China from what I understand as a10-year-old kid. Making sure all people can get good affordable healthcare is definitely a tough challenge for every country in the world. I just hope people smarter than me can keep working on making it better for everybody!篇4The Differences Between Healthcare in America and ChinaHi there! My name is Alex and I'm going to tell you about the big differences between the healthcare systems in America and China. This is an important topic because everyone gets sick sometimes and needs to go to the doctor or hospital. Having good healthcare is super important!In America, we have a system called private health insurance. That means families have to pay a company monthly fees, kind of like a subscription. Then when someone needs to go to the doctor or hospital, the insurance company pays most of the bill. The fees can be pretty expensive for families though, like hundreds of dollars per month! And the insurance doesn't always cover everything.People who don't have insurance or can't afford the fees still get healthcare, but they have to pay the full cost themselves which can be really, really expensive. That's why having insurance is so important. Some people get help from the government to pay for insurance if their family doesn't make a lot of money.The insurance companies are private businesses, not run by the government. There are lots of different insurance companies and they all operate a little differently with different costs, coverages, and doctor networks.In China, they have a very different system called universal public health insurance. Basically, the government provides health insurance for everyone in the whole country through public insurance programs. Instead of monthly fees paid to a private company, the costs are covered by taxes that everyone pays.When someone needs healthcare in China, they just go to any hospital or clinic and show their national insurance card. The government insurance program pays most of the costs so the person only has to pay a small portion out of their own pocket. Even those costs are calculated based on the person's income level so lower income people pay less.From what I understand, the quality of healthcare is generally pretty good in both America and China. They have excellent doctors, medicine, and healthcare facilities, especially in the big cities. But one big difference is that in America, healthcare costs a whole lot more overall both for the government and for individuals and families.Another key difference is that in America, tens of millions of people don't have any health insurance at all because they can't afford the monthly fees or their job doesn't provide it. In China, literally everyone is covered by the government insurance so no one goes completely uninsured.On the other hand, some people in China complain about long wait times, shortages of supplies, or having to go to different hospitals to get different treatments covered. And some medical technologies and new drugs get introduced faster in America.All in all, both systems have their pros and cons. America's system gives more choices but can be crazy expensive for regular families. China's public system makes sure everyone can get healthcare for low costs, but some people think it's not quite as efficient or modern as America's system in some ways.Personally, I think I would prefer China's system when I'm an adult because I wouldn't have to worry about going bankrupt if someone in my family gets really sick and needs a lot of expensive treatments. But I can see why some people like having more options through the private insurance companies in America too. It's a complex issue!Anyway, I hope this gives you a better understanding of how healthcare works differently in these two major countries. Making sure everyone can access good affordable healthcare is a huge challenge all countries are trying to figure out. It's a super important human right in my opinion! Let me know if you have any other questions.篇5The Differences Between Healthcare in America and ChinaHi there! My name is Lily and I'm a 10-year-old student. Today I want to tell you about the differences between the healthcare systems in the United States where I live, and China where my grandparents are from. Healthcare is really important because it helps keep people healthy and alive. But the way it works is pretty different between the two countries!In America, we have something called private health insurance. That means my mom and dad have to pay a company money every month to get healthcare coverage for our family. Their work helps pay for some of the cost too. The insurance company then pays most of the bills when we go to the doctor or hospital. But we still have to pay some extra money too, called a co-pay or deductible.The insurance companies can be really expensive though. And they don't always cover everything, like special medicine or eye doctor visits. Some people can't afford any insurance at all if they don't have a job or are really poor. Then they have to go to special free clinics or try to get government help to pay their medical bills.In China, they have a national healthcare system that is run by the government and covers everybody. People don't have to pay extra private insurance companies on their own. Instead, the money comes out of the taxes that workers and businesses pay.My grandparents in Beijing can just go to any hospital and only have to pay a small part of the total cost, while the government covers the rest through the national insurance program. Even poor people without any income get healthcare services for free or low cost.However, the quality of medical care can be different in China compared to the United States. In big cities like Beijing and Shanghai, the hospitals and care are just as modern and advanced as here. But in rural areas of the country, the smaller clinics and county hospitals don't always have the latest technology and best doctors like we do in America. Some people have to travel far to get quality treatment.There are good things and bad things about both healthcare systems. In America, the medical care can be among the most high-quality in the world, but it's really expensive if you don't have good insurance from your job. Getting everything covered properly can be a hassle too with all the paperwork and bills.In China, the government guarantees healthcare for everybody as a basic right. But sometimes there can be shortages of medical supplies or long waits in certain areas because there are so many people using the system. The level of care might not be as advanced compared to top American hospitals as well.Personally, I think I prefer the American way because my parents have good healthcare coverage from their jobs. We can see expert doctors and get the latest treatments whenever we need them without worrying too much about the cost. But Iknow other families struggle a lot with paying the big medical bills if they don't have insurance or their insurance doesn't cover everything.The Chinese system seems more fair and affordable for everyone since the costs are spread out. But I've heard some of the hospitals and clinics there can be overcrowded with not enough doctors, especially outside the big cities. So there are pros and cons to both ways of doing healthcare.Maybe the best system would be something in between, with the government providing basic health insurance for everyone, but people having the option to get extra private coverage if they want premium medical services or need special treatments. That way nobody falls through the cracks, but those who can afford it can pay extra for higher quality care.No matter what though, I'm just glad both America and China have healthcare systems in place to help people live longer, healthier lives. Doctors and nurses are amazing and work so hard to take care of us when we're sick or hurt. We're lucky to have them!So those are some of the key differences I've learned about healthcare between the U.S. and China from my grandparents and in school. Let me know if you have any other questions!Making sure everyone can see a doctor and get medicine is super important around the world. I hope you found this comparison helpful in understanding how two major countries approach this important issue. Thanks for reading my essay!篇6The Healthcare Systems in America and ChinaHave you ever wondered what it's like to go to the doctor or hospital in a different country? The way healthcare works can be very different depending on where you live! Today, I'm going to tell you about the healthcare systems in the United States and China.In the United States, we have a mixed healthcare system. That means some healthcare is provided by the government, and some is provided by private companies. The government healthcare programs are called Medicare and Medicaid. Medicare is for older adults over 65 and some disabled people. Medicaid is for people with low incomes.However, most Americans get their healthcare from private insurance companies. These are businesses that you or your parents pay money to each month. In return, the insurance company helps pay your medical bills when you go to the doctoror hospital. The insurance companies can be for-profit, which means they try to make money.One of the biggest issues in the U.S. healthcare system is the cost. Healthcare in America is very expensive, even with insurance! Things like doctor visits, hospital stays, medical tests, and prescription drugs can cost a lot. Many Americans struggle to afford their medical bills.Now let's talk about the healthcare system in China. China has a universal healthcare system, which is very different from the U.S. Universal healthcare means the government provides affordable basic medical services for everyone in the whole country. It doesn't matter how much money you make.In China, the government runs public hospitals and clinics in cities and rural areas. Chinese citizens have to join a medical insurance plan, usually provided by their employer or local authority. The insurance plans cover most of the costs for basic medical care like doctor visits, but patients still have to pay some fees themselves.One of the challenges in China's healthcare system is that high-quality medical resources are very concentrated in the big cities like Beijing and Shanghai. Rural areas often lack goodhospitals, equipment, and skilled doctors. So many Chinese people travel long distances to get better medical care.Another issue is that public hospitals in China can get extremely crowded and have really long wait times. At some hospitals, you have to arrive at 4am just to get a slot to see the doctor that day! Hospitals often don't have enough resources like beds to meet the huge demand.Both the U.S. and Chinese healthcare systems face challenges with cost, access to care, and keeping up with the medical needs of their large populations. But they take very different approaches.In the U.S., we rely a lot on private insurance companies. In China, the government provides basic universal healthcare. Each system has its own pros and cons.Personally, I feel lucky to have access to good doctors and hospitals where I live. But I know many people in both countries struggle to get the affordable, quality medical care they need. I hope that as I grow up, the leaders in America and China can keep working to improve healthcare for all their citizens.What did you think about learning the differences between the U.S. and Chinese healthcare systems? It's pretty interesting tosee how countries approach such an important issue in various ways. Let me know if you have any other questions!。
英美医疗保险体系比较研究及对中国的启示摘要: 各国的医疗保险体系究其实质都是政府安排与市场机制的某种混合体，政府作用权重的大小以及政府介入的途径在事实上塑造了不同模式的医疗保险体系。
那么，究竟什么样的政府与市场组合是最理想的?要回答这个问题，必须首先明确是什么因素决定了一国医疗保险体系中政府和市场的定位。
本文将综合历史的和静态的视角，深入研究英国和美国的医疗保险体系，以期很好地理解是哪些因素、以何种方式决定了一国的政府与市场在医疗保险体系中的角色定位，由此对中国医疗保险体系问题的研究提供一些帮助。
关键词: 医疗保险体系，医疗保险，政府，市场一、引言总体来看，已有的研究往往是基于对市场或政府的评判推出另一方的作用范围，在方法论上遵从实证主义、在本体论上奉行规范主义。
尽管很多学者认识到政府与市场的角色定位以及医疗保险体系的具体模式与一国自身特殊的社会环境、社会组织等因素有关，但是，对于现有医疗保险体系的形成过程及其决定因素的系统性研究却相对缺乏。
例如，现有文献并没有很好地解释各国医疗保险体系之间的差异为什么会存在，以及这种差异是如何形成的。
由Sekhri and Savedoff(2005)的研究可以推断，商业医疗保险在一国医疗保险体系中重要性的上升与该国财富水平的提高和制度发育的逐步成熟相关，但是，这至多只能解释目前许多转轨经济中出现的普遍趋势——政府在医疗保险体系中的融资角色都有不同程度的削弱，商业保险的重要性日渐上升，而很难解释发达国家的医疗保险制度模式为什么会有显著的差别。
一个典型的对比即是英国和美国。
在英国，医疗保障的受益资格被认为是一种普遍的公民权利，由政府出面组织制度化的全民健保制度(National Health Service，NHS)，商业医疗保险只是一种有益的补充，一些支付能力较高的个人为了确保能够及时地获取所需的医疗服务，会选择到私立医院就诊，并购买商业医疗保险提供相应保障。
英、美社会保障制度比较摘要:在西方发达资本主义国家中，英国和美国的社会保障制度是两个较成功的典型，本文试从社会保阵制度的理论基础、模式、内容、效用和改革等方面对这两个国家的社会保阵制度进行比较，并从中得出对我国社会保障制度改革的启示。
关锐词:英国;美国;社会保障制度;启示一、社会保障制度的理论基础比较zo世纪初，英国剑桥学派的庇古著述的(福利经济学》提出通过“收人的均等化”达到增大社会福利的目的，从而最早为英国福利国家的建立提供了理沦基础。
1936年凯恩斯发表了(就业、利息和货币通论》，主张国家干预经济，成为二战后英国发展福利制度的重要依据。
1942年，伦敦经济学院院长威廉，亨利?贝弗里奇在其(社会保障及相关服务》的报告中提出的“三原则”，为1945年工党上台执政颁布一系列以国民保险制度为核心的法案提供了重要依据。
所谓“三原则”，内容为:一、在计划未来时应参照过去的经验.但不受过去经验的局限;二、社会保障是消灭贫困的有效武器.而贫困、疾病、愚昧、肮脏、懒惰等五种社会病还是重建新社会的障碍;三、建立社会保障制度有赖于政府与个人的合作。
英国正是在三项原则的指导下不断完备社会保障项f7 .逐渐形成了一套“从摇篮到坟墓”的社会保障制度。
美国在经历20世纪30年代的经济危机后开始重视社会成员的保障问题。
1933年，罗斯福政府通过了(联邦紧急救助法》。
在随后的施政改革中，罗斯福总统逐步系统地提出了“安全保障社会化”的理论.突出了政府在社会保障中的职责在1915年罗斯福政府通过美国历史上第一部(社会保障法》之后，历届政府不断完善社会保障制度.建立了医疗保障、教育保障、住宅保障等。
英国的失业保险是一种强制性的保险制度。
凡周收入在46英镑以上的雇员，不包括独立劳动者和缴纳足额保险费的已婚妇女和遗媲、均为保险对象享受条件是在任一纳税年度，个人按较低收人标准缴纳保险费25周，在职业介绍所作失业登记.失业原因不是自动离职、行为不端，不接受工作介绍等。
中国、英国和美国诊疗模式对比中外在医疗保障体系上有着明显差别，不同医疗卫生体制直接影响着患者的就诊行为模式。
我国的医疗保证体系基本医疗保险和城乡医疗救助为主，其他医疗保险和商业健康保险为辅。
患者自主选择医院，无严格的首诊、层级就诊和双向转诊制度。
以英美为例，英国以政府为导向，层级就诊，采取全科医生首诊制的双向转诊；美国市场主导型，私立医院为主，公立医院为辅。
正因如此，医疗建筑设计也深受患者就诊行为模式的影响。
不同医疗卫生体制下的患者就诊行为模式英国：患者首先到全科医生处接受治疗，只有病情超出全科医生的能力范畴后才能向上级医院转诊，病情缓解后，还需从上级医院向下级医院转诊。
在英国，享受公共医疗卫生服务的患者严格按照此程序就医。
英国NSH三级医疗服务体系美国：美国医疗费用昂贵，大多数人为了节省医疗费用，选择到指定医院和医生处就诊，报销全部医疗费用的商业保险模式。
患者首先到家庭医生处接受治疗，当需要医技检查或住院治疗时，进入家庭医生兼职的社区医院治疗。
病情更加严重时，才会前往更高级别的医院治疗。
中国：由于无严格的层级就诊和双向转诊的限制，患者可以根据自己的经济水平自主选择医院就诊，分为两种。
一种是低收入患者的就诊行为模式：低收入患者在一般情况下通常选择到基层医疗机构如社区医院或其他一、二级医院就诊，只有在病情严重或超出基层医疗机构服务能力范围的时候才会选择到三级医院就诊。
中、高收入患者的就诊行为模式：中高收入患者通常不会考虑医疗费用的问题，选择直接到医疗服务水平更高的三级医院就诊。
不同国家的医院诊疗模式不同医疗卫生资源形成的患者就诊行为模式英国和美国：严格实施预约制度，且预约服务十分成熟；医院方能根据其人力资源配置和医护人员的工作效率准确确定患者就诊时间；患者通常根据预约的指定日期准时或提前小段时间到达，不必因担心错过就诊时间而提前大量时间在医院内等候就诊。
中国：患者大多仍选择到医院排队挂号，自主选择就诊日期和时间；三甲医院专家号一票难求现象普遍，长时间等候挂号就诊；城市交通拥堵现象十分普遍，部分预约患者担心因迟到而错过诊疗机会，也会选择在上午到达医院等候就诊；大部分医院周末只有半天时间开诊或者只有部分诊室开诊，患者通常选择在工作日就诊，周一患者就诊人数较其他工作日多；就诊过程中，挂号、缴费、取药，需要多次排队等候，尤其是要进行功能检查、医学影像和生化检验的时候，更是需要在各种功能区之间来回辗转。
了解世界各国的医疗保健制度一、世界各国医疗保健制度概述二、发达国家医疗保健制度特点1. 美国的私人医疗保险体系2. 加拿大的全民医疗保健制度三、欧洲国家的医疗保健制度1. 英国的国民医疗服务（NHS）2. 德国的社会保险模式四、亚洲国家的医疗保健制度1. 日本的全民性社会化医疗保险制度2. 新加坡的强力个人责任模式五、综合评估与展望一、世界各国医疗保健制度概述医疗保健是每个人都关注并需要参与的重要领域。
各个国家对于建立和维护一个可靠和可持续发展的健康体系都投入了相当程度的努力。
然而，受到地理环境、政治经济因素、文化传统等多种因素影响，世界各国在构建其医疗保健制度时存在差异。
二、发达国家医疗保健制度特点发达国家的医疗保健制度通常以公共和私人两种方式进行管理。
下面将重点介绍美国和加拿大这两个具有代表性的国家。
1. 美国的私人医疗保险体系美国的医疗保健制度主要依赖于私人保险公司提供服务，被称为“社会化医疗保障”。
这导致了较高的医疗费用和不平等的保健机会。
在美国，没有全民医疗保健计划，人们需要自己购买医疗保险，或者通过雇主提供的福利获得保费补贴。
2. 加拿大的全民医疗保健制度相比之下，加拿大是世界上少数几个实行全民免费医疗服务制度的国家之一。
每个居民都可以获得基本及必需的医疗服务，包括住院治疗、手术、急诊护理等，这些费用由政府负责支付。
加拿大的全民医疗服务通过税收资助，确保所有人都能够平等地享受到优质和廉价的卫生服务。
三、欧洲国家的医疗保健制度欧洲国家普遍实行社会保险制度，强调全民参与和共担风险。
以下以英国和德国为例，介绍其独特的医疗保健制度。
1. 英国的国民医疗服务（NHS）英国的NHS是世界上最大的社会化医疗系统之一。
该制度通过税收、全民义务性缴费和一部分自费支付的形式，提供面向所有居民的免费基本医疗服务。
这种制度在很大程度上强调平等、公正和全面覆盖。
2. 德国的社会保险模式德国拥有一个复杂但高效的社会保险体系。
英美日韩医疗体系比较分析•政务和公益机构域名注册管理中心为了解相关国家医疗体系及其在应对新冠肺炎疫情中发挥的作用，我们对英国、美国、日本、韩国四个国家的医疗体系进行了比较分析。
一、四国医疗管理体制四国医疗管理机构涉及中央和地方两级卫生管理部门，管理方式有所不同。
英国医疗机构由地方卫生部门管理，美国医疗机构由联邦和州卫生部门间接管理，日本和韩国医疗机构由中央和地方卫生部门共同管理。
四国政府在医疗机构管理中影响力从大到小依次是英国、韩国、日本、美国。
英国卫生和社会保健部将医疗卫生事权分别下放至英格兰、苏格兰、威尔士和北爱尔兰四个地区政府。
四个地区卫生厅所属国民保健署(NHS)管理公立医院，所属医疗监管机构负责审批、监督所有医院。
美国国防部、退伍军人事务部、卫生和公众服务部等政府部门开办了面向军人、退伍军人、印第安人等特殊人群的联邦政府医院，除此之外，美国联邦政府部门和州政府部门一般都不直接管理医疗机构，主要是通过规定医疗机构参加公共医疗保险的条件，间接对参保医疗机构提岀管理要求，州和地方政府对出资建设的社区医院，还可通过董事会成员任命、财政拨款等手段对医院管理产生影响。
日本厚生劳动省是全国医疗体系的行政主管部门，负责制定国家医疗卫生保健政策，地方医疗卫生主管部门负责落实国家政策，职责包括调整医疗机构数量，平衡各地医疗资源，发放医疗机构牌照，推行统一医生计酬制度，派驻监察人员监督评估医疗机构运营合规情况等。
韩国保健福祉部是全国医疗体系的行政主管部门，地方政府医疗卫生部门协助对所辖区域内的医疗机构进行监督和管理，国民健康保险公团、医疗保险审核与评估机构通过规范就诊步骤、审核医疗机构的医疗费用、评估医疗机构的服务质量、接受医疗机构的保险结算申请等方式对医疗机构进行间接监督管理。
二、四国医疗服务机构的主要类型和特点从类型上看，四国医疗服务机构可按照政府出资情况分为公立和私立两种。
其中，英国以公立医院为主，其他三国以私立医院为主。
主要发达国家医疗卫生体制模式比较及启示———以英国、美国和德国为例李妍嫣袁祥飞建立覆盖全民的医疗卫生保障体系、提高医疗服务质量、控制医疗服务费用是世界各国的共同追求。
英国、德国、美国等西方发达国家的医疗卫生体制改革和发展已经经历了较长的时间,对其他国家医疗卫生体制的发展具有示范效应。
研究这三个国家医疗卫生体制的发展模式,将有利于我国新医改方案的实施与推进。
一、主要发达国家医疗卫生体制的模式比较所谓医疗卫生体系,主要由医疗服务和药品的提供方(包括各级医疗机构和药品生产与流通组织和支付方(包括国家和地方财政、商业保险及个人构成,提供方与支付方的运行过程既有政府调控又有市场调节。
依据政府和市场在医疗卫生体制中的指导作用、管理范围和实现形式,通常可以将国外主要医疗卫生体制分为政府主导、市场主导和社会主导三种类型,其典型代表国家分别是英国、美国和德国。
1.英国政府主导模式。
英国是典型的政府主导型医疗卫生体制,是福利经济学的主要代表。
英国卫生服务系统(NHS负责管理医疗卫生的相关事务,医疗服务和药品的支付方和提供方都由政府直接提供经费、控制和经营。
英国实行全民医疗保险制度,保障体系将全体人口纳入风险集合。
医疗保险基金的主要来源是国家财政拨款(占整个卫生费用的80%左右。
除处方药和牙医服务之外,医疗服务几乎是免费的,医疗服务体系在全国范围可分为三级,包括社区医疗、全科诊所和综合性全科医院及专科医院,其中社区卫生服务是最具特色和代表性的,突出了英国医疗卫生体系注重预防保健和广泛覆盖的特点。
英国模式的主要特征是高福利性和高公平性,保证医疗资源的公平分配。
但像所有的国有化产业一样,NHS体制深受垄断之苦,官僚主义、机构庞大、效率低下,缺乏竞争和创新,缺乏人性化,政府财政负担过重。
为解决医疗卫生服务的效率问题,英国政府自上世纪90年代起进行了一系列改革。
改革的重点是医疗卫生的提供方式,引入私人资本、形成竞争机制,改变医疗卫生投入由政府单方面负担的局面。
各国不同世界医疗保险制度大对比世界各国的医疗保险制度因历史、政治、经济和文化等因素的影响而存在差异。
以下是对几个国家的医疗保险制度进行大对比。
美国：美国的医疗保险制度是私人为主导的第三方支付制度。
大部分美国人通过私人医疗保险得到医疗服务。
同时，美国政府提供公共医疗保险计划（如医疗保障计划）给老年人、贫困人群和残疾人士。
然而，美国的医疗保险费用高昂，导致许多人无法负担医疗保健，医疗资源分配不均。
近年来，有些州开始试行普遍医疗保险计划，试图解决这个问题。
加拿大：加拿大的医疗保险制度是公共医疗保险制度，由政府提供基本医疗服务的费用支付。
每个省都有自己的医疗保险计划，但基本上都由公共财政进行资助。
加拿大公民和合法居民可以享受到医疗保险，不论他们的经济状况如何。
这种系统在理论上为所有人提供了平等的医疗保健，但由于人口增长和医疗资源有限，有时候可能会出现资源短缺的问题。
英国：英国的医疗保险制度是国家健康服务（NHS），由政府提供全面的免费医疗服务。
这种制度是基于全民的税收来运行的，英国公民和合法居民都可以免费使用这个系统。
NHS的优点是提供了平等的医疗服务，保障了基本医疗需求。
然而，由于人口增长和医疗资源有限，等待时间可能较长，对于非紧急病情可能会有一定的等待时间。
德国：德国的医疗保险制度是社会保险制度，由政府、雇主和雇员共同支付医疗保险费用。
所有的雇员必须强制参加医疗保险计划，而自由职业者和高收入人群可以选择自己买私人医疗保险。
这种制度保障了所有人的医疗服务，并强调预防和早期治疗。
然而，医疗保险费用相对较高，自费支付部分比较大，导致有些人可能无法承担高额的医疗费用。
日本：日本的医疗保险制度是社区团体保险制度，由雇主和雇员共同支付医疗保险费用。
政府负责监管并提供资金支持。
这种制度的特点是提供了广泛的医疗服务范围，住院和手术费用都能得到报销。
然而，医疗费用逐渐增长，导致保险费用也在逐渐增加。
此外，医生和医疗设备的供应不足，也是日本医疗保险制度面临的挑战。
英国和美国医疗保险制度比较与借鉴研究
刘玉娟
【期刊名称】《现代商贸工业》
【年(卷),期】2010(22)22
【摘要】英国的国家医疗保险模式对全体国民实行免费医疗,以较低的成本获得了较高的国民健康水平,美国以商业医疗保险制度为主,公平性较差.借鉴英美两国的经验,我国医疗保险制度的改革应立足国情,更多关注公平,注重预防和保健.
【总页数】2页(P110-111)
【作者】刘玉娟
【作者单位】广西财经学院,广西,南宁,530003
【正文语种】中文
【中图分类】C9
【相关文献】
1.美国、英国政府信息公开立法的比较与借鉴 [J], 李云驰
2.大学生医疗保险制度国际比较与借鉴 [J], 王海荣;周绿林;林枫
3.国际卫生保健体制之综观:比较与借鉴——美国、英国、荷兰、墨西哥 [J], 洪光华
4.发达国家教育精准扶贫的政策比较与借鉴——以美国、英国、法国和日本为例[J], 陈群
5.欧洲社会医疗保险制度的演变与世界各国医疗保险制度概况——美国加利福尼亚大学公共卫生学院法学教授鲁玛博士在我全国卫生立法研讨会上的发言 [J], 乔柏顺
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A Comparative Study on Health Care ModeBetween British and American(By Class1 苏华虹20102401160)Instruction:As we all know, in recent years, China government has made great effort in our country’s healthy care system reform, with a tortuous development process. To prevent from more mistakes, we China also try to learn from other health care system mode and the experience when taking the system into practice of some developed countries such as the UK and the USA. Therefore it is meaningful to make a comparation between these two countries. In this passage, we will talk about the characteristics of the US and UK’s medical system and the mode of operation; the expense of the health care; the problems of these two system, at the end of it; we will talk about what we can learn from these two system to build a better healthy care system.Key words: Medical healthy care mode, government-leading, market, comparison, revelation.BodyComparing the two health care modes UK and U.S., it is obvious there are both similarities and differences between them. The similarities include: 1.The two modes hold the same goal of providing medical service to the nations 2.Each mode is in accordance with the value, spirit and will of the nations. (The American advocate for freedom and they don’t like to led by the government while the British are taken for granted that every citizen has right to enjoy medical services provided by the government) 3. Both the two mode are not perfect. Problems come along when taking the mode into practicing and both British and the American government is trying to reform the mode to get a better one. The differences are also obvious: 1.The British mode is leading by government, while the American mode is more based on the market in accordance with the principles of competition. 2. Most of the Britishhospitals owned by the state and the medical system is almost entirely supported by the progressive income tax. While there are much more non-profit and private hospitals and the government only bear the medical cost for the elderly, the poor and the disable and most of the rest are by the medical insurance. 3. The whole nations of UK can enjoy medical service from NHS while in USA; there is still 10% of the population lack medical insurance cover. 4. The mode of USA cost more than that of UK. Then in this text, we will focus on the differences.The medical mode of UK and USA is quite different depending on differences in values and politics in these two countries. Generally speaking, the United Kingdom martins a British government-led medical model. The United States is one of very few industrialized nations that do not provide some type of universal service. The medical care system of United States is guided mostly by the market without a national health system.The British government bare responsibility of health care of the nations for large part. Regional asylum Act of 1808, the metropolitan poor Act of 1867 and the Local Government Act 1929, both stress the importance of the government providing medical service for nations. On July 5, 1948, the United Kingdom created a national health system (NHS), which is a typical government-led model, to provide comprehensive services to all in need of medical services, and this day was called by many people “the greatest British historian of the day”. British residents, including foreigners legally residing in the United Kingdom, can enjoy free medical services. All residents receive equal health care services, receiving direct services guaranteed by the government. Health care system in the UK is almost entirely supported by the progressive income tax. Most of the hospitals owned by the state, almost all health care workers are state employees. Britain also has a relatively small medical insurance market; few hospitals provide medical services to holders of individual insurance. Private insurance is an option for those who wish to utilize it, and some employers offer private insurance as part of their hiring packages, but the great majority of Britons use the NHS exclusively.Different from Great Britain, the medical care system of United States is not ledby its government but decided mostly by the market principle of free composition, which reflects its advocate for freedom. Its government bears responsibility for a part of rather than the whole of the medical services and medicines as well as paying directly which mainly provided by commercial insurance, federal and state government-funded public medical insurance, supplemented by commercial organizations in accordance with market principles of free competition. In fact, the U.S. health care system is a hybrid system of a national, private, non-profit organization. Medical service providers in the United States are based on market: the number of non-profit and private hospitals is more than half of the total number of medical institutions, which shows the very high degree of market. In US, the poor and the old can get medical help from the state and federal government according the Medicare. Others may have the medical insurance, which are usually provided by the employers for the employee. The health insurance rate of large enterprises (over 200) and group is more than 80%. U.S. health insurance coverage is about 85%, of which nearly 60% by employer-sponsored insurance. For those without medical insurance or help from the government, they have to bear the medical fee themselves or the uninsured who can not afford to the cost of medical, they turn to the emergency because U.S. hospitals may not refuse emergency patients and they haven’t pay for the emergency.In a word, in UK, the government responsible for your healthy, that is to say, people in Great Britain do not have to dig into their pockets to pay for medical costs, money is no longer constitute barriers to access to good medical services. While in USA, unless you have got either a medical insurance or the federal and state government’s assistance or your employer, you must pay for the medical fee yourself.While, with difference health care mode, how much specificly should people in these two country pay for the medical care respectively and which country use less money to provide better medical service? Are the nations satisfied with their health care mode? The statistics will answer these questions.According to the World Health Organization, the United Kingdom has a population of 61.56 million, $ 36 240 per capita GDP, per capita health careexpenditure of $ 3399, total health spending accounted for 9.3 percent of GDP. How about in US.? In 1962, the U.S. health care expenditure as a percentage of GDP was less than 6 percent; in 2007, quickly rose to 16%. In 2009, health expenditure as a percentage of GDP was 16.2 percent, per capita health expenditure of $ 7.41 thousand, which is the world's most expensive health care system, because of the use and popularization of the high-tech pharmaceutical products. It means that Americans must pay much more money in medical treat than Brtishes cost.However, does it mean that America use more money to provide better medical service and the nations of USA are more satisfied with their health care mode? The statistics shown below can answer these questions. In the 2000, an overall assessment made by the World Health Organization in its hotly contested ranking of countries in terms of health system performance placed the United Kingdom 18th and the United States 37th out of 191 countries studied. Around 45 million Americans under the age of 65 lack health insurance cover, and far more US citizens than UK citizens report that the cost of health care is a barrier to access. Although the majority of the public in both the United Kingdom and United States express dissatisfaction with their healthcare systems, a higher proportion of the British population think their system works well, and a lower proportion believe the system needs to be rebuilt completely, than in the United States.As we all know, no system or policies are perfect so do the health care mode of UK and USA. When the nations enjoy the profits from the medical system, problems come along.For USA, high health care cost is the main problem, both for the nations and the government. Although the employers’ high insurance costs are paid by the employer s, they have to assume a relatively small part of the cost. The Medicare for the poor and the elderly has become the biggest burden of the fiscal. And also for the American firms, the cost of medical insurance is paid by the employer for the employee in accordance with the law has also become a heavy burden of U.S. companies. While, the output of the American medical system doesn’t equal to its high cost, as the largest and richest economies, there are still more than 10 percent of the population lack ofmedical insurance. Actually, the government in USA all stress on the medical system reform. There some examples : In 1933, Roosevelt proposed the health care system reform, which got accusation of medical experts, and not really legalized; In 1962, President Kennedy called for the establishment of health insurance for the elderly, has not yet passed by Congress; In 1976, President Carter initiated a universal health care reform initiatives, but this initiative has been shelved due to the tough economic situation; In 1994, President Clinton and his wife, Hillary proposed the most ambitious proposal, also suffered the worst defeat. On March 21, 2010, the U.S. Congress passed health care reform bill proposed by President Barack Obama to increase government responsibility, and expand insurance coverage, which will allow the U.S. government in 10 years to invest $ 940 billion, 32 million without insurance U.S. people into the health care system to improve U.S. health care coverage from 85% to 95%. This new bill through the United States "has taken a big step." However, all the reforms do not change the U.S. health care market-based mode of operation It seems that the medical system of UK works better than that of USA. But does it operate without problems? Of course not! Actually, although the NHS is seen as the envy of the world, with the increasing demand for public health services, the scale of the NHS continuing to expand, the increase in population, the NHS gradually caused grievances due to overload, of which an appointment, inefficiency become the focus of the grievances. And facing the emergence of financial pressure, the government had to start reform the NHS. Therefore, the UK also has medical reform since the past 30 years and in some ways the UK tries to learn from the health care mode of USA, which you may think is paradoxical but evidence is everywhere. Back in the 1980s, the Thatcher government drew on ideas advocated by the Stanford economist, Alain Einthoven, in formulating its plans for an internal market for the NHS. More recently, the Blair government's reforms to the NHS have led to a renewed interest in importing policies from across the Atlantic, most obviously in the introduction of a new system for paying hospitals that draws heavily on the use of prospective payment in the United States. Ten years after the release of the new national health care system in 1997, the British model has once again become the envy of the world an example.Although the current Cameron, the Conservative Party and Liberal Democratic Party coalition government are also various aspects of the reform, the UK government dare not to reduced or even canceled the universal welfare-style health system, for the nations are in favor of the NHS. For example, in 2009, the United Kingdom announced that the treatment of kidney cancer can no longer use the precious drugs; the result was a public outrage. Therefore, the reform to the medical system is just adjustment for better operation of the NHS but not change the British health care government-leading mode of operationConclusion:The two modes reflect the different value, spirit and polities of USA and UK, so China couldn’t just copy any mode. With the development of economy and teleology, Chinese government tries to improve the quality of medical service of the nation, and is trying to build a better medical system that can work efficiently. From studying the two health care modes of UK and USA, we can be clearer about what can learn from these two modes. After learning from the two modes, we should realize that: 1. the British and the USA mode have both similaraties and differences and neither may be the best mode but maybe they are the most suitable ones according to the value, spirit and politics of UK and USA respectively. 2. The British mode is fairer while the American mode is more efficient. We shouldn’t judge which one is better easily. 3. Whatever we China learn from, we must take the value, spirit and will of our nations and the national conditions into consideration but not just copy.From where I stand, the mode of USA is more efficient and use the limited money to help those who are really in need, but it seems ignore the responsibility of the government and not fit for our socialism, which is not good for the further development. For the mode of UK, it benefits the nations a lot but acquires a larger medical expense of government, and as a developing countries, it is hard for our government to provide national health system for our huge population of more than 13 billion. Meanwhile, I think if the British mode adopted in China, we have to wait longer than the British because of the huge population. And there is a huge gapbetween the rich and the poor in China, so in my opinion, we should use the limited funds to help the poor and once our government is powerful enough, all the people can be treated. In a word, either the mode of UK or that of USA is not what we China need during the developing period. Maybe we can adopt a mixture of the government-lea mode and the market-driven mode to build a better system that is fit for our national conditions as a developing countries and with huge population. I believe after ten years or decades, efforts, we Chinese will be able to build a better Chinese health model that and provides better medical service for nations and our Chinese people are proud of !。
