“有限元分析及应用”课程有限元分析软件ANSYS6.xed 上 机 指 南清华大学机械工程系2002年9月说明本《有限元分析软件ANSYS6.1ed:上机指南》由清华大学机械工程系石伟老师组织编写，由助教博士生孔劲执笔, 于2002年9月完成，基本操作指南中的所有算例都在相应的软件系统中进行了实际调试和通过。
本上机指南的版权归清华大学机械工程系所有，未经同意，任何单位和个人不得翻印。
目录Project1 简支梁的变形分析 (1)Project2 坝体的有限元建模与受力分析 (3)Project3 受内压作用的球体的应力与变形分析 (5)Project4 受热载荷作用的厚壁圆筒的有限元建模与温度场求解 (7)Project5 超静定桁架的有限元求解 (9)Project6 超静定梁的有限元求解 (11)Project7 平板的有限元建模与变形分析 (13)Project1 梁的有限元建模与变形分析计算分析模型如图1-1 所示, 习题文件名: beam 。
NOTE:要求选择不同形状的截面分别进行计算。
梁承受均布载荷：1.0e5 Pa图1-1梁的计算分析模型梁截面分别采用以下三种截面（单位：m ）：矩形截面： 圆截面： 工字形截面：B=0.1, H=0.15 R=0.1 w1=0.1，w2=0.1，w3=0.2,t1=0.0114，t2=0.0114，t3=0.0071.1 进入ANSYS程序 →ANSYSED 6.1 →Interactive →change the working directory into yours →input Initial jobname: beam →Run1.2设置计算类型ANSYS Main Menu : Preferences →select Structural → OK1.3选择单元类型ANSYS Main Menu : Preprocessor →Element Type →Add/Edit/Delete… →Add… →select Beam 2 node 188 →OK (back to Element Types window) →Close (the Element Type window)1.4定义材料参数ANSYS Main Menu : Preprocessor →Material Props →Material Models →Structural →Linear →Elastic →Isotropic →input EX:2.1e11, PRXY:0.3 → OK1.5定义截面ANSYS Main Menu: Preprocessor →Sections →Beam →Common Sectns →分别定义矩形截面、圆截面和工字形截面：矩形截面:ID=1,B=0.1，H=0.15 →Apply →圆截面：ID=2,R=0.1 →Apply →工字形截面：ID=3,w1=0.1，w2=0.1，w3=0.2，t1=0.0114，t2=0.0114，t3=0.007 →OK1.6生成几何模型9生成特征点ANSYS Main Menu: Preprocessor →Modeling →Create →Keypoints →In Active CS →依次输入三个点的坐标：input:1(0,0),2(10,0),3(5,1)→OK9生成梁ANSYS Main Menu: Preprocessor →Modeling →Create →Lines →lines →Straight lines →连接两个特征点，1(0,0),2(10,0) →OK1.7 网格划分ANSYS Main Menu: Preprocessor →Meshing→Mesh Attributes→Picked lines →OK →选择: SECT:1（根据所计算的梁的截面选择编号）；Pick Orientation Keypoint(s):YES→拾取：3#特征点(5,1) →OK→Mesh Tool →Size Controls) lines: Set →Pick All(in Picking Menu) →input NDIV:5→OK (back to Mesh Tool window) → Mesh →Pick All (in Picking Menu) →Close (the Mesh Tool window)1.8 模型施加约束9最左端节点加约束ANSYS Main Menu: Solution→Define Loads →Apply→Structural →Displacement → On Nodes→pick the node at (0,0) → OK→select UX, UY,UZ,ROTX → OK9最右端节点加约束ANSYS Main Menu: Solution→Define Loads →Apply→Structural →Displacement → On Nodes→pick the node at (10,0) → OK→select UY,UZ,ROTX → OK9施加y方向的载荷ANSYS Main Menu: Solution→Define Loads →Apply→Structural →Pressure→On Beams→Pick All→V ALI:100000 → OK1.9 分析计算ANSYS Main Menu: Solution →Solve →Current LS→OK(to close the solve Current Load Step window) →OK1.10 结果显示ANSYS Main Menu: General Postproc →Plot Results→Deformed Shape…→select Def + Undeformed→OK (back to Plot Results window) →Contour Plot→Nodal Solu →select: DOF solution, UY, Def + Undeformed , Rotation, ROTZ ,Def + Undeformed→OK1.11 退出系统ANSYS Utility Menu: File→ Exit →Save Everything→OKProject2坝体的有限元建模与应力应变分析计算分析模型如图2-1 所示, 习题文件名: dam 。
图2－1 坝体的计算分析模型2.1 进入ANSYS程序 →ANSYSED 6.1 →Interactive →change the working directory into yours →input Initial jobname: dam →Run2.2设置计算类型ANSYS Main Menu : Preferences →select Structural → OK2.3选择单元类型ANSYS Main Menu : Preprocessor →Element Type →Add/Edit/Delete →Add →select Solid Quad 4node 42 →OK (back to Element Types window) → Options… →select K3: Plane Strain →OK →Close (the Element Type window)2.4定义材料参数ANSYS Main Menu : Preprocessor →Material Props →Material Models →Structural →Linear →Elastic →Isotropic →input EX:2.1e11, PRXY:0.3 → OK2.5生成几何模型9 生成特征点ANSYS Main Menu: Preprocessor →Modeling →Create →Keypoints →In Active CS →依次输入四个点的坐标：input:1(0,0),2(10,0),3(1,5),4(0.45,5) →OK9 生成坝体截面ANSYS Main Menu: Preprocessor →Modeling →Create →Areas →Arbitrary →Through KPS→依次连接四个特征点，1(0,0),2(10,0),3(1,5),4(0.45,5) →OK2.6 网格划分ANSYS Main Menu: Preprocessor →Meshing →Mesh Tool→(Size Controls) lines: Set →依次拾取两条横边:OK→input NDIV: 15 →Apply→依次拾取两条纵边:OK →input NDIV: 20 →OK →(back to the mesh tool window)Mesh: Areas, Shape: Quad, Mapped →Mesh →Pick All (in Picking Menu) → Close( the Mesh Tool window)2.7 模型施加约束9分别给下底边和竖直的纵边施加x和y方向的约束ANSYS Main Menu: Solution→Define Loads →Apply→Structural →Displacement → On lines→pick the lines →OK→select Lab2:UX, UY → OK9给斜边施加x方向的分布载荷ANSYS 命令菜单栏: Parameters→Functions →Define/Edit→1) 在下方的下拉列表框内选择x ,作为设置的变量；2) 在Result窗口中出现{X},写入所施加的载荷函数：1000*{X}；3) File>Save(文件扩展名：func) →返回：Parameters→Functions →Read from file：将需要的.func文件打开，任给一个参数名，它表示随之将施加的载荷→OK →ANSYS Main Menu: Solution→Define Loads →Apply→Structural →Pressure →On Lines →拾取斜边；OK →在下拉列表框中，选择：Existing table →OK →选择需要的载荷参数名→OK2.8 分析计算ANSYS Main Menu: Solution →Solve →Current LS→OK(to close the solve Current Load Step window) →OK2.9 结果显示ANSYS Main Menu: General Postproc →Plot Results→Deformed Shape…→select Def + Undeformed→OK (back to Plot Results window)→Contour Plot→Nodal Solu…→select: DOF solution, UX,UY, Def + Undeformed , Stress ,SX,SY,SZ, Def + Undeformed→OK2.10 退出系统ANSYS Utility Menu: File→ Exit…→ Save Everything→OKProject3受内压作用的球体的有限元建模与分析计算分析模型如图3-1 所示, 习题文件名: sphere。
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