Lesson 2
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“Hiroshima! Everybody off!” That must be what the man in the Japanese stationmaster's uniform shouted, as the fastest train in the world slipped to a stop in Hiroshima Station. I did not understand what he was saying. First of all, because he was shouting in Japanese. And secondly, because I had a lump in my throat and a lot of sad thoughts on my mind that had little to do with anything a Nippon railways official might say. The very act of stepping on this soil, in breathing this air of Hiroshima, was for me a far greater adventure than any trip or any reportorial assignment I'd previously taken. Was I not at the scene of the crime?The Japanese crowd did not appear to have the same preoccupations that I had. From the sidewalk outside the station, things seemed much the same as in other Japanese cities. Little girls and elderly ladies in kimonos rubbed shoulders with teenagers and women in western dress. Serious looking men spoke to one another as if they were oblivious of the crowds about them, and bobbed up and down re-heatedly in little bows, as they exchanged the ritual formula of gratitude and respect: "Tomo aligato gozayimas." Others were using little red telephones that hung on the facades of grocery stores and tobacco shops."Hi! Hi!" said the cab driver, whose door popped open at the very sight of a traveler. "Hi", or something that sounds very much like it, means "yes". "Can you take me to City Hall?" He grinned at me in the rear-view mirror and repeated "Hi!" "Hi! ’ We set off at top speed throug h the narrow streets of Hiroshima. The tall buildings of the martyred city flashed by as we lurched from side to side in response to the driver's sharp twists of the wheel.Just as I was beginning to find the ride long, the taxi screeched to a halt, and the driver got out and went over to a policeman to ask the way. As in Tokyo, taxi drivers in Hiroshima often know little of their city, but to avoid loss of face before foreigners, will not admit their ignorance, and will accept any destination without concern for how long it may take them to find it.At last this intermezzo came to an end, and I found myself in front of the gigantic City Hall. The usher bowed deeply and heaved a long, almost musical sigh, when I showed him the invitation which the mayor had sent me in response to my request for an interview. "That is not here, sir," he said in English. "The mayor expects you tonight for dinner with other foreigners or, the restaurant boat. See? This is where it is.” He sketched a little map for me on the back of my invitation.Thanks to his map, I was able to find a taxi driver who could take me straight to the canalembankment , where a sort of barge with a roof like one on a Japanese house was moored . The Japanese build their traditional houses on boats when land becomes too expensive. The rather arresting spectacle of little old Japan adrift adrift amid beige concrete skyscrapers is the very symbol of the incessant struggle between the kimono and the miniskirt.At the door to the restaurant, a stunning, porcelain-faced woman in traditional costume asked me to remove my shoes. This done, I entered one of the low-ceilinged rooms of the little floating house, treading cautiously on the soft matting and experiencing a twinge of embarrassment at the prospect of meeting the mayor of Hiroshima in my socks.He was a tall, thin man, sad-eyed and serious. Quite unexpectedly, the strange emotion which had overwhelmed me at the station returned, and I was again crushed by the thought that I now stood on the site of the first atomic bombardment, where thousands upon thousands of people had been slain in one second, where thousands upon thousands of others had lingered on to die in slow agony .The introductions were made. Most of the guests were Japanese, and it was difficult for me to ask them just why we were gathered here. The few Americans and Germans seemed just as inhibited as I was. "Gentlemen," said the mayor, "I am happy to welcome you to Hiroshima."Everyone bowed, including the Westerners. After three days in Japan, the spinal column becomes extraordinarily flexible."Gentlemen, it is a very great honor to have you her e in Hiroshima."There were fresh bows, and the faces grew more and more serious each time the name Hiroshima was repeated."Hiroshi ma, as you know, is a city familiar to everyone,” continued the mayor."Yes, yes, of course,” murmured the company, more and more agitated."Seldom has a city gained such world renown, and I am proud and happy to welcome you to Hiroshima, a town known throughout the world for its--- oysters".I was just about to make my little bow of assent, when the meaning of these last words sank in, jolting me out of my sad reverie ."Hiroshima –oysters? What about the bomb and the misery and humanity's most heinous crime?" While the mayor went on with his speech in praise of southern Japanese sea food, I cautiously backed away and headed toward the far side of the room, where a few men were talkingamong themselves and paying little attention to the mayor's speech. "You look puzzled," said a small Japanese man with very large eye-glasses."Well, I must confess that I did not expect a speech about oysters here. I thought that Hiroshima still felt the impact of the atomic impact .""No one talks about it any more, and no one wants to, especially, the people who were born here or who lived through it. "Do you feel the same way, too?""I was here, but I was not in the center of town. I tell you this because I am almost an old man. There are two different schools of thought in this city of oysters, one that would like to preserve traces of the bomb, and the other that would like to get rid of everything, even the monument that was erected at the point of impact. They would also like to demolish the atomic museum.""Why would they want to do that?""Because it hurts everybody, and because time marches on. That is why." The small Japanese man smiled, his eyes nearly closed behind their thick lenses. "If you write about this city, do not forget to say that it is the gayest city in Japan, even it many of the town's people still bear hidden wounds, and burns."Like any other, the hospital smelled of formaldehyde and ethere . Stretchers and wheelchairs lined the walls of endless corridors, and nurses walked by carrying Stretchers instruments, the very sight of which would send shivers down the spine of any healthy visitor. The so-called atomic section was located on the third floor. It consisted of 17 beds."I am a fisherman by trade. I have been here a very long time, more than twenty years, "said an old man in Japanese pajamas. “What is wrong with you?”"Something inside. I was in Hiroshima when it happened. I saw the fire ball. But I had no burns on my face or body. I ran all over the city looking for missing friends and relatives. I thought somehow I had been spared. But later my hair began to fall out, and my belly turned to water. I felt sick, and ever since then they have been testing and treating me. " The doctor at my side explained and commented upon the old man's story, "We still hare a handful of patients here who are being kept alive by constant car e. The other s died as a result of their injuries, or else committed suicide . ""Why did they commit suicide?""It is humiliating to survive in this city. If you bear any visible scars of atomic burns, your children will encounter prejudice on the par t of those who do not. No one will marry the daughter or the niece of an atomic bomb victim. People are afraid of genetic damage from the radiation." The old fisherman gazed at me politely and with interest.Hanging over the patient was a big ball made of bits of brightly colored paper, folded into the shape of tiny birds. "What's that?" I asked."Those are my lucky birds. Each day that I escape death, each day of suffering that helps to free me from earthly cares, I make a new little paper bird, and add it to the others. This way I look at them and congratulate myself of the good fortune that my illness has brought me. Because, thanks to it, I have the opportunity to improve my character."Once again, outside in the open air, I tore into little pieces a small notebook with questions that I'd prepared in advance for inter views with the patients of the atomic ward. Among them was the question: Do you really think that Hiroshima is the liveliest city in Japan? I never asked it. But I could read the answer in every eye.“广岛到了!大家请下车!”当世界上最快的高速列车减速驶进广岛车站并渐渐停稳时,那位身着日本火车站站长制服的男人口中喊出的一定是这样的话。
《Lesson 2》教学设计一、教学目标1、知识与技能目标学生能够掌握本节课的重点词汇,如_____、_____、_____等。
学生能够理解并运用本节课的重点句型,如_____、_____等。
学生能够正确朗读课文,语音语调准确。
2、过程与方法目标通过听力训练,提高学生的听力理解能力。
通过口语练习,培养学生的口语表达能力。
通过阅读和写作练习,提升学生的阅读理解和写作能力。
3、情感态度与价值观目标激发学生学习英语的兴趣,培养学生积极参与课堂活动的意识。
培养学生的合作精神和团队意识。
二、教学重难点1、教学重点重点词汇的掌握和运用。
重点句型的理解和运用。
2、教学难点如何让学生在实际情境中灵活运用所学知识。
如何培养学生的英语思维能力。
三、教学方法1、情景教学法通过创设生动有趣的情景,让学生在实际情境中学习和运用英语。
2、任务驱动法布置各种任务,让学生在完成任务的过程中提高英语能力。
3、合作学习法组织学生进行小组合作学习,培养学生的合作精神和团队意识。
四、教学过程1、导入(5 分钟)通过播放一段与本节课主题相关的英语视频或歌曲,引起学生的兴趣,导入新课。
提问学生关于视频或歌曲的内容,引导学生思考并回答问题。
2、词汇学习(10 分钟)展示本节课的重点词汇,通过图片、实物、动作等方式帮助学生理解词汇的含义。
带领学生朗读词汇,纠正发音。
组织学生进行词汇游戏,如单词接龙、猜单词等,巩固所学词汇。
3、句型学习(10 分钟)呈现本节课的重点句型,讲解句型的结构和用法。
给出例句,让学生模仿例句进行造句练习。
邀请学生展示自己的造句,进行点评和纠正。
4、听力训练(10 分钟)播放课文录音,让学生边听边理解课文内容。
提出问题,检查学生的听力理解情况。
再次播放录音,让学生跟读,模仿语音语调。
5、阅读训练(10 分钟)让学生自主阅读课文,理解课文大意。
组织学生进行小组讨论,回答与课文相关的问题。
邀请小组代表汇报讨论结果,进行总结和评价。
Lesson 2 Thirteen equals oneequal ['i:kwəl]v. 等于He equaled the world record.Nobody equals him in strength.Nobody matches him in strength.In English she has no equal in her class.be / stand head and shoulders above sb. be much better than others明显超过他人,鹤立鸡群5. In computer programming, Susan is head and shoulders above the rest of us. Answer: (A) Susan is much better than we are in this subject.Women demand equal pay for equal work.A is equal to Bequalityracial equalitysexual equalityWe wish to inform you that we specialize in garments for more than twenty years, and shall be pleased to establish business relations with you on the basis of equality and mutual benefits. raise [reɪz]v. 募集,筹措raiseone’s hand raise one’svoice raise one’s hatto sb. raise one’s glassto sb.raise the roofraise pigsHe has a big family to raise.We’re raising a fund for orphans.risearise arose arisenProblems arose.arousearouse one’s pity / anger …―You look happy today.―Yes. I got a raise.We pay two thousand Yuan monthly to start. It's our policy to hire on a trial basis. If you work out all right after three months you will be put on the permanent payroll and be given a raise.be always doing sth.He is always being late.People are always talking about the problems of youth.W: Mary is always complaining about her job.M: Maybe if you try typing letters every day, you'd see what it's like.Q: What does the man mean?Answer: A) The woman would understand if she did Mary's job.be forever doing sth.He is forever talking about the friendly people, the clean atmosphere, the closeness to nature and gentle pace of living.be constantly / continually doing sth.The boys are constantly / continually arguing.Your behavior reflects on me, and I can't do my job if you're constantly humiliating me. Constantly? Aside from today, give me one example.keep (on) doing sth.From the moment he arrived there, he kept on pestering his doctor to tell him when he would be able to go home.In the process, he enjoyed himself thoroughly and kept telling everybody how much he hated hospitals.do sth. all the timeW: I thought the doctor said you should stay off your foot until the swelling goes down.M: She did. It just makes me uncomfortable to ask my friends to wait on me all the time.What does the man mean?D) He doesn't like to bother people.Sam, mess up the kitchen (always)Sam is always messing up the kitchen.Bruce, leave his dirty dishes on the table (forever)Bruce is forever leaving his dirty dishes on the table.Peter, try to show me he’s smarter than me (constantly)Peter is constantly trying to show me he is smarter than me.Mary, borrow my clothes without asking me (continually)Mary is continually borrowing my clothes without asking me.Why, you, make the same mistakes (keep on doing)Why do you keep on making the same mistakes?Jane, forget to give me my phone messages (do sth. all the time)Jane forgets to give me my phone messages all the time.One would expect them to know their parts by heart and never have cause to falter.one … or anotherone cause or anotherHe is always asking me for money for one cause or another.Beginners will err at one time or another.Everyone can contribute to society in one way or another.one … after anotherone day after anotherencounter one difficulty after anotherachieve one success after anothermanage to do: 设法完成了某事As no pumas had been reported missing from any zoo in the country, this one must have been in the possession of a private collector and somehow managed to escape.fail to do: 没能完成某事When the journalist again failed to reply, the editor reluctantly published the article as it had originally been written.have sth. done 请某人做某事I'm going to have my hair cut this weekend.… people would rather pay large sums of money than have their life work destroyed by gangsters. King CharlesⅠhad his head cut off.The house had its window broken in the explosion.无灵主语/ 物称主语(inaminate subject)When reports came into London Zoo that a wild puma had been spotted forty-five miles south of London, they were not taken seriously.The sea bed was scoured with powerful nets and there was tremendous excitement on board when a chest was raised from the bottom.He lost his confidence.Confidence deserted him.I couldn't sleep that night.That night sleep eluded me.We only travelled half the distance at sunset.Sunset met us halfway.The past few years witnessed the great influx of foreigners to China, for travelling, studies or business.造句:我的小女儿总是抱怨(complain of) 各种各样的病,但她从未成功地得到允许(get permission) 呆在家里。
倒背如流新概念一上Unit2 Sorry,sir【Word】umbrella n. 伞please int. 请here adv. 这里my 我的ticket n. 票number n. 号码five num 五sorry adj 对不起的sir n. 先生cloakroom n. 衣帽间★here adv.这里地点副词:(在英语中,时间副词、地点副词的前面不能加介词)here 这里there 那儿home 家(副词,名词)★five num.五one,two,three,four,five,sir,seven,eight,nine,ten★sir n.先生①对不相识的男子、年长者或上级的尊称What can I do for you, sir? 先生,您要买什么?②sir通常用于正式信函开头的称呼:Dear Sir③Sir可用于有爵士称号者的名字或姓名前,但不用于姓氏前。
madam:女士,夫人Mr.:先生-----mister:加在男性的姓氏前面Mrs.:夫人(已婚的)----mistressMiss:小姐,一般用于指末婚女子,不过在不知道对方是否已婚时也可使用(两种发音:[mis] 已婚未婚均可;[miz]即不愿意被称为已婚,又不愿意被称为未婚)gentleman 绅士,对男性比较有礼貌的称呼,在公众场合最得体的称呼lady 女士ladies and gentlemenmale 男性female 女性man 男人woman 妇女【Text】My coat and my umbrella, please. Here is my ticket.Thank you, sir. Number five.Here's your umbrella and your coat.This is not my umbrella.Sorry sir. Is this your umbrella?No, it isn't.Is this it?Yes, it is.Thank you very much.【Useful Expressions】•1.My coat and my umbrella please.•请把我的大衣和伞拿给我,这是一个省略形式的祈使句,倒背如流新概念一上•完整的句子应为:Give me my coat and my umbrella, please.•口语中,在语境明确的情况下通常可省略,•如:(Show me your) Ticket, please. 请出示你的票。
《Lesson 2》导学案一、学习目标1、掌握本节课的重点词汇和短语,如_____、_____、_____等。
2、理解并能够运用本节课的重点句型,如:_____ 、_____ 。
3、能够熟练朗读课文,理解课文大意。
4、培养学生的阅读理解和语言表达能力。
二、学习重难点1、重点(1)词汇:_____ 、_____ 、_____ 等的读音、拼写和用法。
(2)句型:_____ 、_____ 的结构和用法。
2、难点(1)对课文中长难句的理解和分析。
(2)如何在实际情境中灵活运用所学的词汇和句型进行交流。
三、学习方法1、自主学习:提前预习单词和课文,标记出不理解的地方。
2、合作学习:小组讨论解决预习中遇到的问题,共同完成练习。
3、探究学习:深入思考课文中的知识点,提出自己的见解和疑问。
四、学习过程1、预习检测(1)检查学生对重点词汇的预习情况,通过听写或提问的方式进行。
(2)让学生朗读课文,纠正发音错误,初步了解学生对课文的熟悉程度。
2、词汇学习(1)讲解重点词汇的读音、拼写、词性和常见搭配。
(2)通过例句让学生理解词汇的用法,鼓励学生模仿造句。
3、句型学习(1)分析重点句型的结构和语法规则。
(2)创设情境,让学生进行句型操练,巩固所学知识。
4、课文学习(1)让学生快速阅读课文,概括文章的主要内容。
(2)逐段分析课文,讲解文中的重点和难点,帮助学生理解课文。
(3)组织学生进行小组讨论,交流对课文的理解和感受。
5、练习巩固(1)布置与词汇、句型和课文相关的练习题,让学生独立完成。
(2)通过讲解练习题,及时反馈学生的学习情况,针对存在的问题进行强化训练。
6、拓展提升(1)提供一些与课文主题相关的拓展阅读材料,扩大学生的知识面。
(2)引导学生根据所学内容进行写作练习,提高语言综合运用能力。
7、课堂小结(1)回顾本节课所学的重点词汇、句型和课文内容。
(2)总结学生在学习过程中的表现和存在的问题,提出改进的建议。
8、课后作业(1)背诵课文中的重点段落。
《Lesson 2》说课稿尊敬的各位评委、老师:大家好!今天我说课的内容是《Lesson 2》。
下面我将从教材分析、学情分析、教学目标、教学重难点、教学方法、教学过程以及教学反思这几个方面来展开我的说课。
一、教材分析《Lesson 2》是教材名称中的重要一课,它在整个教材体系中起着承上启下的作用。
本节课的主要内容包括具体的知识点和语言点。
通过对这节课的学习,学生将进一步巩固和拓展之前所学的知识,为后续的学习打下坚实的基础。
教材在编排上注重知识的系统性和连贯性,通过生动的情景和丰富的练习,引导学生逐步掌握语言知识和技能。
同时,教材还注重培养学生的语言运用能力和思维能力,鼓励学生在实际情境中运用所学知识进行交流和表达。
二、学情分析我所教授的学生是具体年级和班级的学生。
他们已经具备了一定的英语基础,对英语学习有一定的兴趣和积极性。
但是,学生的英语水平参差不齐,部分学生在语言表达和语法运用方面还存在一些困难。
此外,学生的学习风格和认知方式也有所不同,有的学生擅长听力和口语,有的学生则更擅长阅读和写作。
因此,在教学过程中,我将根据学生的实际情况,采取多样化的教学方法和手段,满足不同学生的学习需求,激发学生的学习兴趣,提高课堂教学效果。
三、教学目标基于对教材和学情的分析,我制定了以下教学目标:1、知识目标学生能够掌握本节课的重点单词和短语,如单词和短语列举。
学生能够理解并正确运用本节课的重点句型,如句型列举。
2、技能目标能够听懂与本节课主题相关的听力材料,并获取关键信息。
能够运用所学的语言知识进行简单的口头和书面表达,描述相关主题。
3、情感目标培养学生的学习兴趣,增强学习自信心。
培养学生的合作意识和团队精神,提高学生的人际交往能力。
四、教学重难点1、教学重点重点单词和短语的记忆和运用。
重点句型的理解和掌握。
2、教学难点如何引导学生在实际情境中灵活运用所学的语言知识进行交流和表达。
帮助学生克服语言表达中的语法错误和发音问题。
《Lesson 2》导学案一、学习目标1、掌握本节课的重点词汇和短语,如_____、_____、_____等。
2、理解并能够运用本节课涉及的重要语法结构,如_____。
3、能够熟练朗读并理解课文内容,提取关键信息。
4、通过课堂练习和活动,提高听说读写的综合语言能力。
二、学习重难点1、重点词汇:熟练掌握新学词汇的发音、拼写和用法。
语法:清晰理解并正确运用重点语法规则。
课文理解:把握课文的主旨大意,理解文中的细节信息。
2、难点语法的实际运用,避免在表达中出现语法错误。
对课文中生僻词汇和复杂句子结构的理解。
三、学习方法1、预习提前预习新单词,查阅词典了解其含义和用法。
通读课文,尝试理解大致内容,标记出不懂的地方。
2、课堂学习认真听讲,积极参与课堂互动,回答老师的问题。
做好笔记,记录重点知识和自己的疑问。
与同学进行小组讨论,共同解决问题。
3、复习课后及时复习所学内容,背诵单词和重点句型。
完成课后练习题,巩固所学知识。
多读多写,加强语言的实际运用能力。
四、学习过程1、词汇学习老师讲解新单词的发音、词性、词义和用法,并举例说明。
学生跟读单词,练习发音。
进行单词拼写练习,强化记忆。
2、语法讲解老师通过例句和情景,引入本节课的语法点。
详细讲解语法规则,分析语法结构。
学生做相关语法练习题,加深对语法的理解和运用。
3、课文学习老师领读课文,学生跟读,注意语音语调。
学生自主阅读课文,回答老师提出的问题,理解课文内容。
分析课文中的重点句子和段落,讲解语言点。
4、课堂活动小组活动:根据课文内容进行角色扮演或讨论。
个人展示:让学生用所学知识进行口头表达或书面写作。
5、课堂总结老师总结本节课的重点内容,强调易错点和难点。
学生回顾自己的学习成果,提出疑问。
五、课后作业1、背诵本节课的重点单词和短语。
2、完成课本上的练习题。
3、用所学语法和词汇写一篇短文,描述一个场景或事件。
六、拓展学习1、阅读相关的英语文章,扩大词汇量和提高阅读理解能力。
Lesson 2 Paradoxes(似非而是的论点, 自相矛盾的话) of Translating Activity 1 QuizTask 1 Translation from English to Chinese1. John is now with his parents in New York City; it is already three years since he was a bandmaster. (grammar: since从句中的过去式联系动词was 或were 是一种状态的结束。
注意:主句用一般现在时)约翰现同父母住在纽约市;他不担任乐队指挥已三年了。
2. John can be relied on. He eats no fish and plays the game. (注意短语用法)约翰为人可靠,他既忠诚又正直。
3.Don’t cross the bridge till you get to it.不必担心太早。
(不必自寻烦恼。
)4.Do you see any green in my eye?你以为我是好欺骗的吗?5.There’s no pot so ugly it cant find a lid.罐儿再丑,配个盖子不发愁。
(姑娘无论多么丑也能配个汉子。
)Task 2 Translation from Chinese into English1.“武装到牙齿”(armed to the teeth)“象牙塔”(ivory tower)趁热打铁(strike while the iron is hot)“血浓于水”(Blood is thicker than water.)2.不愛紅妝愛武裝 .To face the powder and not to powder the face.3.“情人眼中出西施” Beauty is in the eye of the beholder4.一日之计在于晨 An hour in the morning is worth two in the evening.5.無邊落木蕭蕭下不見長江滾滾來The boundless forest sheds its leaves shower by showerThe endless rivers rolls its waves hour after hourActivity 2 Questions1. Could you write down the difficulties that you have come across when doing translation? (5mins)2. The following 4 questions are mainly based on Eugene A. Nida (1993). Please think over the questions below and write down your understandings.(1)Translating is a complex and fascinating task. In fact, some scholarshave claimed that it is probably the most complex type of event in the history of the cosmos(宇宙). And yet, translating is so natural and easy that children seem to have no difficulty in interpreting for their immigrant parents. These children normally do very well until they have gone to school and have learned about nouns, verbs, and adverbs. Why?Answer:Because they then try to match the words and grammar rather than the content.(2)Most people assume(vt.假定, 设想, 采取, 呈现) that literalness(n.文字的, 表面意义上的, 无修饰的) in translating means faithfulnessto the text. Because of the many discrepancies (n.相差, 差异, 矛盾)between meanings and structures of different languages, some people have insisted that translating is impossible. What do you think?Answer: Those who insist that translating is impossible are usually concerned with some of the more marginal(adj.记在页边的, 边缘的, 边际的) features of figurative (adj.比喻的, 修饰丰富的, 形容多的) language and complex poetic structures. The use of figurativelanguage is universal(adj.普遍的, 全体的, 通用的, 宇宙的, 世界的), but the precise figures of speech in one language rarely match those in another. Yet translating is simply doing the impossible well. In fact, though some famous authors insist that translating is impossible, they do not hesitate to have their own writingtranslated.(3)What do you think of the view that paraphrase(explanation) shouldbe avoided in translating?Answer: In fact, all translating involves different degrees of paraphrase, since there is no way in which one can successfully translate word for word and structure for structure. For example, the Chinese saying 他下海了is literally “He went down to the sea”, but is more appropriately translated as “He became a businessman”.Since languages do not differ essentially in what they can say, but in how they say it, paraphrase is inevitable. What is important is the semantic(语义的) legitimacy (n.合法(性), 正统(性), 正确(性), 合理(性)) of the paraphrase.(4)There is a widespread( adj.分布广泛的, 普遍的) view that atranslator should first produce a more or less literalrendering(translating) of the source text(source text源程序正文) and then proceed to improve it stylistically(adv.在文体上). Do you agree?Answer: Style is not the frosting on the cake(蛋糕上的糖霜), but an integral part(integral part主要的部分)of the text right from the beginning. It must be built into the text right from the beginning. It is usually better to aim first at a stylistically satisfactory rendering of the source text and then review it carefully to “tighten it up” by analyzing and testing the correspondences(n.相应, 通信, 信件). A few errors in the correspondences of lexical meaning are much more excusable (adj.可原谅的, 可容许的, 言之有理的, 可免除的)than missing the spirit and aesthetic (adj.美学的, 审美的, 有审美感的)character of the source text.(Now how did you feel after going through the above 4 questions? You might feel a bit disappointed for there seems to be nothing particularly exotic and exciting in Nida’s saying. At the same time, you might alsofeel a bit confused, for the above 4 questions do not present a very clear and well-organized picture of translation. Well, do not worry too much at this stage. In the rest of the book, we shall take a closer look at the nature and the procedures of translation. Our focus, however, will be on introducing some useful translation skills and on practicing translating ourselves. We shall also spend some time examining those language points on which English and Chinese differ, hence are difficult to deal with in translation. One such point is presented in Activity 3 below.)Activity 3 Language Differ: Differences in LexiconsSince translation theories and skills are both built upon the differences and similarities between the source language and the target language, in each chapter of this course, we shall examine one or two language points on which English and Chinese differ. First of all, Chinese and English show a lot of discrepancies in their lexicons, especially in word meanings and word combinations.Task 1 Words sharing the same designative(指定的) and associative (adj. 联想的)meaningsSome English words and their Chinese counterparts share exactly the same designative and associative meanings. These are mainly some proper names, technical terms and the names of some everyday objects.Can you give their Chinese equivalents?The U.S. State Department 美国国务院Cognitive linguistics 认知语言学The Indian Ocean 印度洋AIDS 艾滋病Helicopter 直升飞机Skyscraper 摩天大楼Now please list 5 English examples and their Chinese counterparts and 5 Chinese examples and their English counterparts in the space provided below. Discuss with your partner if all the examples you list indeed share the same meanings and the same connotations(内涵) with their counterparts in the target language.List AList BTask 2 Words Not Sharing the Same MeaningsWhen you were thinking of your own examples for Task 1, you might already notice that many English words and their seeming (adj.表面上的)Chinese counterparts do not really share exactly the same meanings or connotations.(1) Is the following translation version provided the only possible one?If not, can you offer other versions?Brother哥弟Mother-in-law岳母婆婆Grandparents祖父母外祖父母Aunt姑姨、婶、Uncle叔伯、舅(2) Now can you think of your own English and Chinese examples? If yes, please write them down in the space provided below. You may have a brainstorming (自由讨论,智力爆发)with your partners if you happen to get stuck on your own.Task 3 English Words with More Than One MeaningAs learners of English, we are familiar with the fact that most English words have more than one meaning depending on different context. When translating into Chinese, these different meanings are usually matched with different Chinese words rather than with one Chinese word.A. To take “hard” as an example, can you translate the following phrases into Chinese?1.hard rocks 坚硬的岩石2.a hard blue 一种刺目(眼)的蓝色3.hard drugs 烈性毒品4.hard sounds 清音5.hard currency 硬通货6.hard water 水质较硬的水7.hard evidence 确凿的证据(铁证)8.a hard winter 一个严寒的冬天(严冬)9.hard times 艰难岁月10.hard on somebody 对某人很严厉11.a hard smile (一个)冷酷的微笑12.think hard 认真地思考13.hard work 辛苦的工作14.a hard question (一个)难回答的问题B. Loo k at the meanings of ‘man’1.man and his wife 丈夫和妻子2.officers and men 官和兵3.his man Friday 他的仆人礼拜五(丹尼尔·笛福《鲁滨逊漂流记》)4.man-of-war 军舰5.Be a man! 要像个男子汉﹗C. sophisticated1.sophisticated man 老于世故的人2.sophisticated woman 狡黠的女子3.sophisticated columnist 老练的专栏作家,资深专栏作家4.sophisticated electronic device 高度精密的电子装置5.sophisticated weapon 尖端武器D. run1.run to seed 花谢结子—不修边幅—丧失活力—破旧不堪2.run the streets 流浪街头3.run a hare 追捕野兔—追捕坐车不买票的人4.run one’s eyes down a list匆匆看一下单子5.run one’s head into a wall撞南墙;碰壁6.the machine runs well 机器运转良好7.the river runs east 河水流向东方(大江东流去)8.the news runs rapidly in the town 这个消息迅速在镇上传开Task 4 Chinese Words with More Than One MeaningYou might already be saying to yourselves “Well, English is not alone in giving one word many different meanings. Chinese is even more extreme in this respect.” You are certainly justified(v.证明...是正当的)in thinking that way.To take a very simple word下as an example. Can you translate the following into English?1.下班 get off work/ knock off2.下半辈子the later half of one’s life3.下策 an unwise decision/ a stupid move 4.下厨房 go to the kitchen (to prepare a meal) 5.下蛋 lay eggs6.下饭 go well with rice7.下岗 go off sentry(卫兵,岗哨) duty 8.下课 finish class/ the class is over 9.下列 listed below10.下坡路 a downhill path11.下棋 play chess12.下属 subordinate13.下乡 go to the countryside14.下旬 the last ten-day period of a month 15.下意识 sub-consciousnessTask 5 Co-occurrence with Other Words:Many English words and their Chinese counterparts also show a lot of differences in their combinations with other words. To take “play” as an example, to play basketball is 打篮球, to play football is踢足球 , and to play the piano is弹钢琴 .Now please try to translate the following sentences into Chinese, paying special attention to the italicized parts.1.He wore a pair of dark glasses and a thick grey overcoat.他戴一副墨镜,穿一件厚厚的灰外套。
Lesson 2教学时数:4学时教学重点:英汉语言的对比—英汉词汇现象的对比考核要求:掌握英汉语言在词汇方面的差异1. 词义的构成一个词的词义不是单一的个体,而往往是由多方面组成的统一体。
词义可以分成概念意义(Conceptual Meaning)和关联意义(Associative Meaning)。
概念意义(conceptual meaning):概念意义是词义的核心,它直接地,明确地表示所指对象。
实际上也就是词典给词下的定义。
关联意义(associative meaning):关联意义是词的附带意义,包括词的内涵意义(ConnotativeMeaning),文体意义(Stylistic Meaning),感情意义(Affective Meaning),等等。
内涵意义(connotative meaning):词的概念意义的属性。
如比喻意义,象征意义,联想意义等。
颜色词:红(Red)白(White)Woman (概念)+人,-男人,+成年(内涵)女性所有特征,品质及属性,生理,心理,社会,家庭角色等。
“Anyway, she is a woman.”这句话在不同的场合有不同的含义。
Gold: 财富,价值Moon:纯洁,宁静,孤独Dragon Dog文体意义(Stylistic Meaning):语言中,有的词可以用于所有场合,而有的词只能用语特定的场合。
前者具有中性文体意义,后者具有特定的文体意义(正式,非正式,方言土语,行业用语,俚语)。
中性:常用的基本词汇,具有常用,构词能力强,多义性,是词汇的核心。
Father, dad, daddy, papa, the old man, male parentsanguinary---blood corporal---body nebular-----clouddomestic----home insular----island juvenile----youthaccommodation----rooms commence----begin dwell----liveendeavor----try purchase----buy edifice----buildinglocate---find cease----stop非正式:有标准与次标准之分。
Lesson 2 Breakfast or lunch?【New words and expressions】★until prep.直到until用于表示动作、状态等的持续,可译为“一直到……为止”或“在……以前”。
在肯定句中,它与表示持续性状态的动词连用,表示持续到某一时刻:I’ll wait here until 5. 我会在这里等到5点钟。
在否定句中,它通常与描述短暂动作的动词连用,表示“到……为止”、“直到……才”:She cannot arrive until 6. 她到6点才能来。
His father didn't die until he came back.until(后的从句)的时间终止之前,这个动作做了还是没做?做了前面的主句用肯定;没做用否定For he ___A(C)___(wait) until it stopped raining.A. waitedB. didn't waitA. leaveB. leftC. didn't leave★outside adv. 外面(作状语)He is waiting for me outside.★ring(rang. rung) v.(铃、电话等)响① vt. 鸣,(铃、电话等)响(这种响是刺耳的, 往往是提醒人做某事)Every morning the clock rings at 6.The telephone(door bell) is ringing.而风铃等响要用jingle,jingle (bell) (铃儿) 响叮当② vt. 打电话给(美语中用call)ring sb. 给某人打电话③ n. (打)电话give sb. a ringRemember to give me a ring. /Remember to ring me.④ n. 戒指★aunt n. 姑,姨,婶,舅妈(所有长一辈的女性都用这个称呼)男性则是uncle: 叔叔他们的孩子:cousin 堂兄妹(不分男女)cousin的孩子:nephew 外甥;niece 外甥女★repeat v. 重复① vt. 重复Will you repeat the last word?② vi. 重做,重说Please repeat after me.【课文讲解】1、It was Sunday.it指时间、天气、温度或距离,it被称为“虚主语”(empty subject)。
Lesson Two In the Laboratory打印本页一、词汇laboratory n. 实验室enroll v. 登记,注册reach v. 伸手取specimen n. 标本,样品alcohol n. 酒精disappointed adj. 失望的,沮丧的disappointment n. 失望,沮丧gaze v. 凝视,盯着challenging adj. 有挑战性的unpleasant adj. 讨厌的,使人不愉快的set v. 着手;决心disgusting adj. 十分讨厌的,令人恶心的ghastly adj. 苍白的,死人一般的beneath prep. 在…下面sideways adv. adj. 侧面的;横向的magnifying glass n. 放大镜instrument n. 仪器,器械limited adj. 受限制的,有限的field n. 范围,领域desperation n. 绝望scale n. (鱼、蛇等的)鳞,鳞片nonsense n. 无意义的行为strike v. (一种想法)突然产生feature n. 特点,特征creature n. (包括人类的)生物,动物encouraging adj. 激励的,振奋人心的attentively adv. 专心地,聚精会神地brief adj. 简洁的,简短的air n. 神态,样子earnestly adv. 认真地visible 可见的,看得见的plainly adv. 明白地,易懂地misery n. 苦恼,痛苦,不幸wretched adj. 讨厌的,悲惨的,可怜的criticism n. 批评close n. 终结,结束inquire v. 询问next best adj. 次好的,居第二位的disconcerting adj. 令人紧张的,使人心慌的account n. 说明,解说;报告reassuring adj. 使人放心的,给人打气的symmetrical adj. 对称的paired adj. 成对的thoroughly adv. 完全地,彻底地repay v. 回报,偿还wakeful adj. 不眠的,睡不着的most adv. 非常,很,极enthusiastically adv. 热情地,热心地point n. 特征,品质artificial adj. 人造的,人工的aid n. 辅助器具repeat v. 重说;重做similarity n. 相似之处family n. (生物)科part v. 使分开,分离part with 丢掉,卖掉,放弃observe v. 观察,注意到orderly adj. 有秩序的,有条理的arrangement n. 排列;安排urge v. 驱策;激励;推动connection n. 联系;关系in connection with 与……相关联law n. 规律二、课文分析I entered Professor Agassiz's laboratory, and told him I had enrolled my name in the Scientific School as a student of natural history.1.enroll one's name 注册某人的名字;the Scientific School:自然科学院natural history:自然史"When do you wish to begin?""Now," I replied.This seemed to please him, and with an energetic "Very well!" he reached from a shelf a huge jar of specimens in yellow alcohol. "Take this fish," he said, "and look at it; by and by I will ask what you have seen." With that he left me. I was disappointed, for gazing at a fish did not seem to be challenging enough to an eager student, and the alcohol had a very unpleasant smell. But I said nothing and began to work immediately.2.This seemed to please him, and with an energetic "Very well!" he reached from a shelf a huge jar of specimens in yellow alcohol.seem to do sth. 好像…这似乎让他很高兴,(于是)他精神饱满地说了一句"好极了!",就伸手从架子上取下一只大瓶子,里面的黄色酒精中浸泡着标本。
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Lesson 2 Thirteen equals one⼗三等于⼀Listen to the tape then answer the question below.听录⾳,然后回答以下问题。
Was the vicar pleased that the clock was striking? Why?Our vicar is always raising money for one cause or another, but he has never managed to get enough money to have the church clock repaired. The big clock which used to strike the hours day and night was damaged many years ago and has been silent ever since. One night, however, our vicar woke up with a start: the clock was striking the hours! Looking at his watch, he saw that it was one o'clock, but the bell struck 13 times before it stopped. Armed with a torch, the vicar went up into the clock tower to see what was going on. In the torchlight, he caught sight of a figure whom he immediately recognized as Bill Wilkins, our local grocer. “Whatever are you doing up here Bill?” asked the vicar in surprise.“I'm trying to repair the bell,” answered Bill. “I've been coming up here night after night for weeks now. You see, I was hoping to give you a surprise.”“You certainly did give me a surprise!” said the vicar. “You've probably woken up everyone in the village as well. Still, I'm glad the bell is working again.”“That's the trouble, vicar,” answered Bill. “It's working all right, but I'm afraid that at one o'clock it will strike 13 times and there's nothing I can do about it.”“We'll get used to that Bill,” said the vicar. “13 is not as good as one but it's better than nothing. Now let's go downstairs and have a cup of tea.”参考译⽂我们教区的牧师总是为各种各样的事筹集资⾦,但始终未能筹⾜资⾦把教堂的钟修好。