北京科技大学2014年硕士研究生入学考试试题850自动检测技术

B）A. 系统的总阻抗减小，总流量增加B. 各用户的流量均增加C. 用户2的流量增加，用户1,3的流量减小D. 用户2的室温升高，用户1,3的室温降低4. 提高热水网络水里稳定性的主要方法，应选择下列哪一项？（）A. 网络水力计算时应选用较小的比摩阻值，用户水力计算选用较大的比摩阻值B. 网络水力计算时选用较大的比摩阻值C. 用户水力计算选用较小的比摩阻值D. 网络水力计算时选用较大的比摩阻值，用户水力计算时选用较小的比摩阻值5. 下图所示室外热水采暖干管同程系统中，1#，2#，3#楼的室内系统均相同，而供水管径A~B,B~C和回水管段D~E,E~F的管径均相同，如果不进行调节，试判断哪一幢建筑得到的流量相对最少。

（）A. 1#楼B. 2#楼C. 3#楼D. 均相同6. 热水采暖系统中的重力作用压头与下列哪一项无关？（）A. 锅炉安装高度B. 散热器安装高度C. 膨胀水箱安装高度D. 室内干管安装高度7. 下列气流分布评价指标中，（）反映了通风或空调系统排出污染物的能力。

A．空气分布特性指标B．换气效率C．通风效率D．温度效率8. 空调水系统设计中，下列哪一项是错误的？（）A．循环水泵出口管道增加平衡阀B．主要设备与控制阀门前安装过滤器C．并联工作的冷却塔加装平衡管D．设置必要的固定点与补偿装置9. 某新风空调机组的功能段及组合流程如下图所示。

以下哪一项焓湿图可定性表示该机组在冬季的空气处理过程？（O点：送风状态点，N点：室内点，W 点：室外点）（）10. 下列哪一项是溶液除湿空调系统的特点？（）A．空气可达到低含湿量，系统复杂，初投资高，可实现运行调节B．空气难达到低含湿量，系统复杂，初投资高，运行能耗高C．空气难达到低含湿量，可利用低品位热能，可实现热回收D．空气可达到低含湿量，可利用低品位热能，无法实现运行调节11. 某夏季设空调的外区办公房间，每天空调系统及人员办公的使用时间为8:00~18:00。

北京科技大学2014年硕士学位研究生入学考试试题=============================================================================================================试题编号：621试题名称：管理学原理A（共5页）适用专业：行政管理说明：所有答案必须写在答题纸上，做在试题或草稿纸上无效。

=============================================================================================================一、名词解释（每题4分，5道题，共20分）1．等级链2．管理幅度3．六西格玛（Six Sigma）4．循证管理5．五力分析模型二、单项选择题（每题3分，10道题，共30分）1．泰勒提出的挑选“一等工人”，指的是要实现（）。

A．工作定额B．标准化管理C．人岗匹配D．专业分工2．制定决策时，容易出现一些偏见和错误。

其中，（）是指决策者通常只记得最近发生的、在他们脑海里生动形象的事情，从而在决策时失去客观性。

A．可获得性偏见B．启发法偏见C．自负偏见D．即时满足偏见3．企业稳定战略指的是，企业继续从事当前各种业务的一种战略，下列不属于稳定战略的是（）。

A．暂停与谨慎前进战略B．无变战略C．利润战略D．更新战略4．有机式组织拥有一种高度灵活和适应性强的结构。

下列属于有机式组织的是（）。

A．简单结构B．职能结构C．事业部结构D．矩阵结构5．归因是指人们利用信息，对自己及他人行为的原因加以推断的过程。

（）认为，内因行为受到个体控制；外因行为由外部因素引起。

A．海德的归因理论B．凯因的归因理论C．维纳的成败归因理论D．斯金纳的强化理论6．下列有关管理思想史的观点错误．．的是（）A.科学管理和一般管理理论都强调理性和效率。

北京科技大学2014年硕士学位研究生入学考试试题============================================================================================================= 试题编号： 847 试题名称：安全原理（共 4 页）适用专业：安全科学与工程、安全工程（专业学位）说明：所有答案必须写在答题纸上，做在试题或草稿纸上无效。

=============================================================================================================一、名词解释（每题5分，共30分）1、事故2、职业病3、危害辩识4、安全信息5、四不放过原则6、系统安全二、填空题（每题3分，共15分）1、事故的特征包括：。

2、轻伤指损失工作日为工作日以上，个工作日以下的失能伤害。

3、重大事故：是指一次造成人以上人以下死亡；或者以上人以下重伤；或者万元以上亿元以下直接经济损失的事故。

4、北川彻三因果连锁认为事故发生的间接原因包括。

5、安全的基本特征有：。

三、单选题（每题2分，共20分，请在括号内填入正确答案的序号）1、认为新的技术发展会带来新的危险源，安全工作的目标就是消除事故潜在的危险，努力把事故发生的概率减到最低。

这一观点包括在（）理论中。

A．海因里希因果连锁B．系统安全C．能量意外释放D．变化—失误连锁2、根据《企业职工伤亡事故分类标准》，下列伤害不属于起重伤害的是（）A起重机的电线老化，作业时造成触电伤害B员工在起重作业时不慎坠落C起重机得吊物坠落造成的伤害D起重机由于地基不稳定突然倒塌造成的伤害3、1966年，哈登（Harden）完善了能量意外释放理论，并将伤害分类两类，下列属于第一类伤害的是（）。

A．中毒窒息B．冻伤C．热衰竭D．重物以68.6N的冲击力打击人的头部4、哈登（Haddon）认为，在一定条件下，释放的能量能否产生伤害不取决于（）。

北京科技大学2014年硕士学位研究生入学考试试题============================================================================================================= 试题编号： 841 试题名称：行政管理学（共 3 页）适用专业：行政管理说明：所有答案必须写在答题纸上，做在试题或草稿纸上无效。

=============================================================================================================一、名词解释题（第1-5题每题4分，共20分）1.直线综合制2.行政授权3.自由裁量权4.企业家政府5.第三条道路二、简答题（第1-4题每题10分，共40分）1．简述马斯洛的需要层次理论的基本观点。

2. 简述大部制改革的内涵与意义。

3. 简述公共选择理论关于政府扩张动因的观点。

4. 简述维持行政责任的困难。

三、论述题（第1题20分，第2题20分，共40分）1. 中国目前的反腐形势非常严峻，用中纪委研究室主任李雪勤的话说，当前反腐工作中最突出的三个问题，“一是领导职务高的案件多；二是案件涉及金额数量大；三是查处案件中的‘一把手’多。

”请结合实际论述如何进行反腐制度和机制的创新，使反腐取得实质成效。

2. 近年来，围绕PX项目的决策，多个城市出现“政府拍板——民众抗议——项目搁浅”的反应模式。

在大众环境权益日益高涨的当下，政府在进行重化工项目决策时，如何尊重公众环境权，建立起合理且符合环境正义精神的决策模式？四、案例题（第1题20分，第2题15分，第三题15分，共50分）[案例一]近年来，以扁平化管理为主要特征的省管县体制改革日益受到瞩目。

据不完全统计，目前全国至少已有19个省展开了扩权强县改革试点，包括浙江、安徽、福建、广东、河北、河南、黑龙江、湖北、湖南、吉林、江苏、辽宁、山西、陕西、四川、山东、云南、甘肃、海南等省份。

北京科技大学2014年硕士学位研究生入学考试试题=========================================================================================================试题编号：874试题名称：综合英语（共6页）适用专业：外国语言文学说明：所有答案必须写在答题纸上，做在试题或草稿纸上无效。

=========================================================================================================说明：This paper covers FOUR subjects:(1)A Survey of Great Britain and the United States,(2)British Literature,(3)American Literature,and(4)GeneralLinguistics.You have180minutes to complete the whole paper.Please timeyour pace well.Part I.Survey of Great Britain and the United States(30points)I.Fill in the blanks:Read the following unfinished statements or questions carefully. For each two unfinished sentences or questions four suggested choices marked A,B, C,and D are given.Choose the ONE that you think best completes the statement or answers the question.Write the letter of your choice in the corresponding space on your Answer Sheet after the numbers.(10points)1.Britain had been one of the most important countries in the world.About100years ago,as a result of its____________,Britain ruled an empire that had1/4of the world’s people and1/4of the world’s land area.However,____________greatly weakened Britain.The British Empire gradually disappeared and it was replaced by the British Commonwealth in1931.A.industrializationB.imperialist expansionC.the two world warsD.independence of India2.The harsh terms of the Treaty of_________after WWI had left Germany embittered and unstable.With the coming of Hitler and Nazism in Germany,the treaty arrangements began to crumble.Hitler reoccupied__________in1936,and then Austria in1938.A.BerlinB.VersaillesC.SudetenlandD.Rhineland3.At the general election of1945_________was heavily defeated.The British people had suffered the Blitz and the warfare,and they didn’t want Britain to return to the politics of the1930s and hoped that the_________Party would sort out the problems of the war-torn country.A.ChurchillB.ChamberlainC.Conservativebor4.As a result of the_________and the Watergate scandal,American prestige became much lower abroad in the late1970s and early1980s,and in the face of Soviet aggressive expansion the US seemed impotent.This made many Americans feel humiliated.All this brought about a rise in New Right conservatism.It was this trend of conservatism that brought_________into the White House.A.Vietnam WarB.Cuban Missile CrisisC.ReganD.Clinton5.In Feb1972,President_________visited China and the two countries issued the Shanghai Communique,which led to the establishment of diplomatic relations in1979. But soon,American congress,supported by the_________Administration,adopted the Taiwan Relations Act which,in words and spirit,violates the spirit of the agreement.A.ReganB.NixonC.TrumanD.CarterII.Answer the following questions in the corresponding space on your Answer Sheet.(20points)1.What are the main contents of Thatcherism?What was the situation of Britain during Mrs Thatcher’s administration?(8)2.What are the major decisions at the three meeting of the leaders of the US,the Soviet Union and Britain during the WWII?(6)3.What was the American policy towards the Soviet Union during the WWII?(6)Part II.British Literature(30points)I.Fill in the blanks:write your answers on your Answer Sheet after the numbers.(10 points)1.A sonnet is a poem of14lines,usually in iambic pentameter with various rhymingschemes.It was first written by the Italian poet______and introduced to England by Thomas Wyatt.But the best British sonneteer is______,whose sonnet consists of three quatrains with a rhyming scheme abab cdcd efef and ends with a couplet rhyming gg.2.As the author of Auld Lang Syne and A Red,Red Rose,______was born inScotland in a poor peasant family.He wrote poems and songs in the Scottish dialect and his works are permeated with______spirit.3.Known as a pioneer novelist of England,Daniel Defoe was particularlyremembered for two novels:________,whose hero is typical of the rising English bourgeois class,practical and diligent;and________which tells the story of the daughter of a woman who had committed theft and was later transported to Virginia.4.During the1950s there appeared a group of young writers who were fiercely criticalof the established order.They were called“__________”,a term from John Osborne’s play Look Back in Anger.5.Being the most important work in the English medieval literature,______is deeplyinfluenced by the Italian writer Boccacio’s Decameron.6.Bernard Shaw’s main contribution to English literature is his dramas.Like Ibsen,hewas much concerned about__________of his time.By means of witty remarks, surprise,and paradoxes,he tries to shock the conventional audience.Among his plays,the best known ones are Pygmalion,Heartbreak House,and__________, whose heroine is the daughter of a millionaire named Undershaft.II.Identify the title of the work of the following excerpts:write the titles of the works on your Answer Sheet.(6points)1.Continuous as the stars that shineAnd twinkle on the Milky Way,They stretched in never-ending lineAlong the margin of a bay:2....To die,to sleep;No more;and by a sleep to say we endThe heartache,and the thousand natural shockThat flesh is heir to,its a consummationDevoutly to be wished.3.Behold her,single in the filed,Yon solitary Highland Lass1Reaping and singing by herself;Stop here,or gently pass!4.Thou was not born for death,immortal Bird!No hungry generations tread thee down;The voice I hear this passing night was heardIn ancient days by emperor and clown:5.“I am not talking to you now through the medium of custom,conventionalities,nor even of mortal flesh:it is my spirit that addresses your spirit;just as if both had passed through the grave,and we stood at God’s feet,equal—as we are….”6.My great miseries in this world have been Heathcliff’s miseries….My love forLinton is like the foliage in the woods.Time will change it,I’m well aware,as winter changes the trees.My love for Heathcliff resembles the eternal rocks beneath…III.Do as required or answer the questions concerning the paragraphs provided: write your answers on your Answer Sheet.(14points)1.What are the features of Victorian England?(4)2.Read the except from Jane Eyre and then answer the questions:(10)"Madam,allow me an instant.You are aware that my plan in bringing up these girls is,not to accustom them to habits of luxury and indulgence,but to render themhardy,patient,self-denying.…Madam,"he pursued,"I have a Master to serve whose kingdom is not of this world:my mission is to mortify in these girls the lusts of the flesh;to teach them to clothe themselves with shame-facedness and sobriety,not with braided hair and costly apparel;and each of the young persons before us has a string of hair twisted in plaits which vanity itself might have woven;these,I repeat,must be cut off;think of the time wasted,of--"Mr.Brocklehurst was here interrupted:three other visitors(Mrs.and the Misses Brocklehurst),ladies,now entered the room.They ought to have come a little sooner to have heard his lecture on dress,for they were splendidly attired in velvet,silk,and furs.The two younger of the trio(fine girls of sixteen and seventeen)had grey beaver hats,then in fashion,shaded with ostrich plumes,and from under the brim of this graceful head-dress fell a profusion of light tresses,elaborately curled;the elder lady was enveloped in a costly velvet shawl,and she wore a false front of French curls.Questions:1)How does Mr.Brocklehurst lesson the poor orphans in the charity school?Andwhat kind of persons does he intend to bring the orphan girls into?2)How does the appearance of his wife and daughters form a ironic contrast towhat he forbids the orphan girls to do?Part III.American Literature(30points)I.Match the following authors with their works:write your answers on your Answer Sheet after the numbers.(7points)1.Salinger Moby-Dick2.Longfellow Mending Wall3.Allen Poe Martin Eden4.Jake London The Fall of the House of Usher5.Herman Melville A Psalm of life6.Eugene O’Neill The Catcher in the Rye7.Robert Frost Long Day’s Journey into NightII.Identify the title of the work of the following excerpts:write the titles of the works on your Answer Sheet.(6points)1.I shall be telling this with a signSomewhere ages and ages henceTwo roads diverged in a wood,and I–And that has made all the difference.2.When the young woman–the mother of this child–stood fully revealed beforethe crowd,it seemed to be her first impulse to clasp the infant closely to herbosom…On the breast of her gown,in fine red cloth,surrounded with an elaborate embroidery and fantastic flourishes of gold-thread,appeared the letter A.3.And as I sat there brooding on the old,unknown world,I thought of X’s wonderwhen he first picked out the green light at the end of Daisy’s dock.He had come a long way to this blue lawn,and his dream must have seemed so close that he could hardly fail to grasp it.4.The woods are lovely,dark and deep,But I have promises to keep,And miles to go before I sleep,And miles to go before I sleep.5.We passed the School,where Children stroveAt Recess—in the Ring—We passed the Fields of Gazing Grain—We passed the Setting Sun—6.Once upon a midnight dreary,while I pondered,weak and weary,Over many a quaint and curious volume of forgotten lore—While I nodded,nearly napping,suddenly there came a tapping,As of some one gently rapping,rapping at chamber door—III.Essay questions or do as you are required:write your answers on your Answer Sheet.(17points)1.What is American naturalism?(3)2.What are the features of Whitman’s poetry?And how do you understand the imageof leaves of grass in his poems?(4)3.Translate the following sentences from Nature by Emerson:(4)The foregoing generations beheld God and nature face to face;we,through their eyes.Why should not we also enjoy an original relation to the universe?Why should not we have a poetry and philosophy of insight and not of tradition,and a religion by revelation to us,and not the history of theirs?4.Read the except from the1st chapter of The Scarlett Letter and answer the question:(6)The Prison DoorThe founders of a new colony,whatever Utopia of human virtue and happiness they might originally project,have invariably recognized it among their earliest practical necessities to allot a portion of the virgin soil as a cemetery,and another portion as the site of a prison.In accordance with this rule,it may safely be assumed that the forefathers of Boston had built the first prison-house,almost as seasonably as they marked out the first burial-ground….Certain it is,that,some fifteen or twenty years after the settlement of the town,the wooden jail was already marked with weather-stains and other indications of age,which gave a yet darker aspect to its beetle-browed and gloomy front.The rust on the ponderous iron-work of its oaken door looked more antique than anything else in the new world.Like all that pertains to crime,it seemed never to have known a youthful era.Before this ugly edifice,and between it and the wheel-track of the street,was a grass-plot,much overgrown withvarious unsightly vegetation,which evidently found something congenial in the soil that had so early borne the black flower of civilized society,a prison. But,on one side of the portal,and rooted almost at the threshold,was a wild rose-bush,covered,in this month of June,with its delicate gems,which might be imagined to offer their fragrance and fragile beauty to the prisoner as he went in,and to the condemned criminal as he came forth to his doom,in token that the deep heart of Nature could pity and be kind to him.Questions:Here the two central images are the prison door and the rose-bush.What features do they have respectively and what do they represent in the novel?Part IV General Linguistics(60points)Part I Define the following linguistic terms in your own words(20points,4points each).municative Competence2.Semantic Triangle3.Assimilation4.Transitivity5.ForegroundingPart II Finish the following according to the requirements for each(15points,5 points each):1.What is Sapir-Whorf hypothesis?How do you comment on it?2.Discuss the relationship between“arbitrariness”and“iconicity”of language.3.What are Saussure’s contributions to modern linguistics?Part III Provide as much information as you know about each of the following topics(25points,12.5points each).1.What is the relation between linguistics and language teaching?How are differentschools of linguistics related to language learning and teaching?2.What is the development of Halliday’s theory of language and linguistics?Givespecific examples to show the main ideas of his theory.。

北京科技大学
2014年硕士学位研究生入学考试试题
======================================================================== 试题编号：877 试题名称：综合考试（共1 页）适用专业：民商法学、经济法学
说明：所有答案必须写在答题纸上，做在试题或草稿纸上无效。

========================================================================
一、名词解释（每题5分，共计50分）
1汇编权
2民间文学艺术作品
3联合商标
4反向工程
5习惯法
6技术规范
7授权立法
8文义解释
9代物清偿
10情势变更
二、简答题（每题10分，共计40分）
1简述民事诉讼模式
2简述辩论主义的基本含义
3简述合同变更的类型和条件
4简述驰名商标的认定
三、论述题（每题20分，共计60分）
1法律体系与法学体系的区别
2试述我国民事诉讼法对第三人权益的保护
3.诚实领用原则在合同订立、履行、变更、解除各阶段的体现
1。

北 京 科 技 大 学2014年硕士学位研究生入学考试试题============================================================================================================= 试题编号： 869 试题名称： 计算机组成原理 （共 9 页） 适用专业： 计算机科学与技术、软件工程、计算机技术（专业学位） 、软件工程 （专业学位）说明： 所有答案必须写在答题纸上，做在试题或草稿纸上无效。

============================================================================================================= 一、 填空（满分40分，每题2分）1．存储程序原理是指 ，它是 型计算机体系结构的核心思想。

2．设浮点数长16位，高8位是阶码，含1位阶符，低8位是尾数，含1位数符，阶码和尾数均用补码表示，基值（底）为2，尾数为规格化、无隐藏位，机器数为FC60H 的十进制真值是 ，十进制真值ll/128的规格化浮点编码是 （16进制助记形式）。

3．已知[x]补=x 0.x 1x 2...x n ，则[-x]补=_______________。

4．设机器数长8位，定点小数，最高位是符号位，12823的原码是 ，6435-的补码是 。

5．若浮点数格式中阶码的底一定，且尾数采用规格化表示法，则浮点数的表示范围取决于______________的位数，而精度取决于______________的位数。

6．半导体随机读写存储器包括_________和__________，前者的速度比后者快， 但集成度不如后者高。

7．存储系统中，CPU 能直接访问__________ 和__________ ，但不能直接访问磁盘和光盘。

8．设主存储器容量为64K ⨯32位，则CPU 中用做主存接口的寄存器MAR 的位数是 ，MBR 的位数是 。

北京科技大学2014年硕士学位研究生入学考试试题北京科技大学本校各专业考研资料北科考研就找老大哥QQ 931679601 店铺 老大哥整理发布============================================================================================================= 试题编号： 240 试题名称：单独考试英语（共10页）适用专业：单独考试各专业说明：所有答案必须写在答题纸上，做在试题或草稿纸上无效。

=========================================================================================================== Part I: Vocabulary (20 minutes, 10 points, 0.5 point each)Section ADirections: There are 10 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A., B., C. and D. Choose the ONE that best completes the sentence and mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET.1. If you your demand, then maybe you will have more chance of getting what you want.A. lessenB. moderateC. dismissD. overcome2.The professor's argument was reasonable, but the audience did not agree with his conclusion.A. suspiciouslyB. seeminglyC. criticallyD. theoretically3. I suppose I'll have to look for a job；I'll either have to find a rich wife or starve. A．otherwise B. that's why C. else D. on the other hand4.Many photographers prefer to take pictures when they can take advantage of the special effects of the setting sun.A．at twilight B. at noon C. in the morning D. in the fall5. The finance question must be answered with in order to relieve the investors' fears of fraud.A．accuracy B. exactness C. precision D. correction6. The survival of some wild animals is not very high as they are ruthlessly hunted for their skins.A．ratio B. proportion C. rate D. scale7. So far as he could，John had always tried to the example he saw in Lincoln.A．live up to B. set forth C. call for D. cut out8. The students gradually a knowledge of the subject.A．acquired B. attained C. achieved D. obtained9. He didn't openly attack the plan, but his opposition was in his failure to say anything in support of it.A. explicitB. implicitC. decisiveD. obvious10. The newly-built bridge that the river is convenient to the people living in this area. A．traverses B. spans C. protects D. overlooksSection BDirections: In this section, there are ten sentences with one word or phrase underlined each. Choose one of the four choices marked A, B, C and D that best keeps the meaning of the sentence if it is substituted for the underlined word.11. She didn't openly attack the plan，but her opposition was implicit in her failure to say anything in support of it.A．explicit B. obvious C. decisive D. underlying12. When he was very young，he was afflicted with paralysis.A．troubled B. bothered C. influenced D. stricken13. She was still writing away furiously when the bell went.A．continually B. hard C. easily D. continuously14. A good dictionary is indispensable for learning English.A. indifferentB. indivisibleC. essentialD. elective15. The severe earthquake damaged buildings as well as public or personal property in them. A．materials B. substances C. possessions D. qualities16. At first I wasn't able to identify my brother in the crowd as he had changed so much since his departure.A．make up B. make out C. make for D. make in17. Some people persist in the practice of some very old customs or traditions just because they enjoy doing so.A．endure B. support C. stick to D. continue in18. The teacher told stories about Washington and Lincoln in respect to the importance of being honest.A．in connection with B. in case ofC．along with D. together with19. Being infamous for his dishonesty in business matters，the man had few friends.A．fresh B. immediate C. notorious D. famous20. He was very careful in whatever he did lest something unfavourable might be written into his record.A．if only B. for fear that C. unless D. otherwisePart II Cloze Test(20 minutes, 10 points, 1 point each)Directions: For each blank in the following passage, choose the best answer from the choices given below. Mark your answer on the Answer Sheet by drawing with a pencil a short bar across the corresponding letter in the brackets.It is difficult to imagine what life would be like without memory. The meanings of thousands of everyday perceptions, the bases __21__ the decisions we make, and the roots of our habits and skills are to be __22__ in our past experience, which are brought into the present __23__ memory.Memory can be defined as the capacity to keep __24__ available for later use. It includes not only "remembering" things like arithmetic or historical facts, but also any change in the way an animal typically behaves. Memory is __25__ when a rat gives up eating grain because he hassniffed something suspicious in the grain pile. Memory is also involved when a six-year-ole child learns to swing a baseball bat.Memory __26__ not only in humans and animals but also in some physical objects and machines. Computers, for example, contain devices for storing data for later use. It is interesting to compare the memory-storage capacity of a computer __27__ that of a human being. The instant-access memory of a large computer may hold up to 100 000 "words"--ready for __28__ use. An average American teenager probably recognizes the meanings of about 100 000 words of English. However, this is but a fraction of the total __29__ of information which the teenager has stored. Consider, for example, the number of facts and places that the teenager can recognize on sight. The use of words is the basis of the advanced problem-solving intelligence of human beings.A large part of a person's memory is in terms of words and __30__ of words.21. A. of B. to C. for D. on22. A. keep B. found C. sought D. stored23. A. by B. from C. with D. in24. A. experiences B. bases C. observations D. information25. A. called B. taken C. involved D. included26. A. exists B. appears C. affects D. seems27. A. to B. with C. against D. for28. A. progressive B. instructive C. instant D. protective29. A. deal B. number C. mount D. amount30. A. combinations B. connections C. co-ordinations D. collectionsPart III Reading Comprehension (60 minutes, 40 points)Section A (30 points, 1.5 points each)Directions: In this part there are four passages followed by questions or unfinished statements, each with four suggested answers. Choose the one you think is the best answer and mark your choice on the Answer Sheet. Passage OneQuestions 31-35 are based on the following passage:All along the chain of biological evolution, the extinction of species appears to have been a stage in the process of adapting genetic lineages to changing environmental conditions. Although some catastrophic extinction occurred naturally, producing total loss of a genetic line, such catastrophes were comparatively rare. In modern times, however, human activities have altered the fundamental nature of this process, resulting in nearly total genetic losses.It is not difficult to gain general agreement that man-induced increases in the endangerment and extinction of wildlife-whether due to habitat alteration or loss, pollution, insufficiently regulated hunting, or other factors -are undesirable. It is, however, more difficult to obtain consensus when consideration is given to the economic costs of correcting such trends, including natural habitat preservation, regulation of pesticides and other toxic substances, and wildlife and park management. Endangered species often are, in effect, competitors with humans for habitat and other resources which also provide other kinds of human uses and needs.Measures needed to protect endangered species vary considerably in difficulty and cost. Of the approximately 400 invertebrate species which at present appear to be threatened, for example, about one-third could probably be restored by such inexpensive means as modifying theboundaries of designated natural areas, acquiring and protecting caves and other small areas which contain the particular species, and additional management of parks and refuges.Another one-third of the endangered lower animal species are threatened principally by water pollution and could be protected by improved control, particularly of five southern rivers.The remaining one-third of the 400 endangered shellfish species would be considerably more difficult to protect. These are threatened by complex factors, such as overcorrecting, channelization, highway and housing development, dams, introduced species such as the Asian snail, dredging, quarry washing, poor erosion control, and lowering of water tables.The identification of threatened species and other significant wildlife trends must precede any corrective measures, and our knowledge base for making such identification is deficient in many respects. Our present lists of threatened species and subspecies are known to be incomplete, except in those geographical areas which contain habitats of species that have important commercial or sports harvest value.31. The passage is primarily concerned with discussing ________.A. the catastrophes in history which caused the extinction of total speciesB. the ways to protect endangered speciesC. the characteristics of threatened speciesD. the significance of protecting threatened species32. What's the author's attitude toward the view that it is catastrophes that result in the totalgenetic losses?A. Positive.B. Negative.C. Neutral.D. Enthusiastic.33. With which if the following statements would the author most likely agree?A. People haven't realized the impact of human activities on the extinction of wildlife.B. It is difficult for people to agree to protect endangered species at considerable economic cost.C. Endangered species can provide human beings with a variety of useful resources.D. Similar measures can be taken to protect various endangered species.34. The author mentions all of the following as threats to shellfish species except ________.A. highway and housing developmentB. poor erosion controlC. overpopulation of shellfishD. lowering of water tables35. Given the information in the passage, which of the following is not true of wildlife protection?A. The identification of threatened species should come before correction.B. We have gained sufficient knowledge for making identification of endangered species.C. Our present lists of threatened species are incomplete.D. Some geographical areas contain habitats of species that have important commercial value. Passage TwoQuestions 36-40 are based on the following passage:Researchers have learned to mix optimism with caution, and some of their results are demonstrating definite promise.When Matthew During and Michael Kaplitt first went hunting for capital to commercialize their research in gene therapy, their timing couldn't have been worse. It was the fall of 1999, just after teenager Jesse Gelsinger died in a clinical trial of gene therapy - the use of genes to delivermedicines to diseased cells. Together, During and Kaplitt were able to scrape up an initial $2.5 million. "Maybe we were arrogant to think we could start something at that time," Kaplitt concedes. Today, the two physician founders of Neurologix, in Fort Lee, N.J., are feeling much more upbeat. They're searching for $10 million to fund a pivotal trial in Parkinson's disease, and they expect to find it.Others are also prospecting in the once-neglected field of gene therapy. On Nov. 7, Colgate-Palmolive invested $20 million in Austin-based Introgen Therapeutics, which is pursuing novel remedies for oral cancer.And the Michael J. Fox Foundation is about to award its first-ever grant for gene therapy research. The $750,000 will go to San Diego-based Ceregene, which, like Neurologix, is zeroing in on a treatment for Parkinson's, the disease that afflicts actor Fox. Ceregene also raised $32 million in venture capital last year.Recent success stories in clinics and labs add to the sense that gene therapy is moving back into the mainstream. China has been quietly approving such treatments. And on Nov. 22, Genzyme (GENZ), in Cambridge, Mass., announced it will spend $3.2 million to acquire a manufacturing facility that will make several gene therapy treatments, including one aimed at a common condition among the elderly called peripheral arterial disease."We've been in gene therapy a long time, and we've seen the ups and downs," says Richard Gregory, Genzyme's senior vice-president of research. "But we're optimistic."36. What were things like when Matthew During and Michael first raise money for their study of gene therapy?A. They were very lucky.B. They were very confident.C. A teenager died in a lab experiment of gene therapy.D. People's confidence in gene therapy was unreasonably high.37. The word "upbeat" in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to __________.A. proudB. optimisticC. anxiousD. serious38. All the following diseases are mentioned in the passage except __________.A. Down's syndromeB. Parkinson's diseaseC. oral cancerD. peripheral arterial disease39. What do we know about the research of gene therapy?A. In the 20th century, gene therapy was suspected and neglected.B. Gene therapy becomes the prevailing method of treating patients now.C. San Diego-based Ceregene has achieved nothing in gene therapy research so far.D. The successes of gene therapy in clinics and labs restore people's confidence in gene therapy.40. What is the author's attitude towards gene therapy?A. optimisticB. pessimisticC. indifferentD. neutralPassage ThreeQuestions 41-45 are based on the following passage:We are all interested in equality, but while some people try to protect the school and examination system in the name of equality, others, still in the name of equality, want only to destroy it.Any society which is interested in equality of opportunity and standards of achievement must regularly test its pupils. The standards may be changed--no examination is perfect--but to have no external tests or examinations would mean the end of equality and of standards. There are groups of people who oppose this view and who do not believe either in external examinations or in any controls in schools or on teachers. This would mean that everything would depend on luck since every pupil would depend on the efficiency, the ideals and the purpose of each teacher.Without external examinations, employers will look for employees from the highly respected schools and from families known to them--a form of favoritism will replace equality. At the moment, the bright child from an ill-respected school can show certificates to prove he or she is suitable for a job, while the lack of certificate indicates the unsuitability of a dull child attending a well-respected school. This defense of excellence and opportunity would disappear if external examinations were taken away, and the bright child from a poor family would be a prisoner of his or her school's reputation, unable to compete for employment with the child from the favored school.The opponents of the examination system suggest that examinations are an evil force because they show differences between pupils. According to these people, there must be no special, different, academic class. They have even suggested that there should be no form of difference in sport or any other area: all jobs or posts should be filled by unsystematic selection. The selection would be made by people who themselves are presumably selected by some computer.These people are not just against school organization, but are at war with the whole idea of modern competitive society and they are using children in schools for their destructive purposes. There is no reason why we should allow such people to determine the way our schools are organized when it is to the obvious disadvantage of the pupils, of the schools and of our society asa whole.41. What is the opinion of the writer?A. We cannot have standards because examinations are not perfect.B. Without examinations there would be no standards.C. Standards must keep changing in order to achieve equality.D. Changing the standards could mean the end of equality.42. What is the situation at the moment?A. A school's reputation is not very important, as long as a certificate.B. A bright child doesn't need certificates to get a job.C. Children attending well-respected schools do not get certificates.D. Many children who are suitable for a job have no proof of their suitability.43. According to the writer, what would happen if external examinations were taken away?A. Children from poor families would not be able to change school.B. There would be no more opportunities and no more excellence.C. Schools for bright children would lose their reputation.D. Going to a favored school would be the only way to get a good job.44. According to the writer, the opponents of the examination system say that ________.A. computers should be selected to take over many jobsB. particular people should not be chosen for particular jobsC. examinations are only bad when they show differences between peopleD. schools specializing in academic subjects should be done away with45. In what way do the opponents of the examination system want to influence schools?A. They want children to compete more in school.B. They want to reorganize schools.C. They want schools to be more modern.D. They want to destroy schools.Passage FourQuestions 46-50 are based on the following passage:The exclusive emphasis on economics is yielding to an appreciation of politics. After all, before free market can thrive you need political stability. Technology is still seen as a powerful tool, but one that can have harmful as well as beneficial consequences (as Osama bin Laden has brutally shown). Most important, the global trading system is becoming more democratic, with countries like India, China and Brazil demanding a voice in the shape of trade negotiations. This too could be for the best. If a few concessions and delays mean that the free-trade system will have greater legitimacy in the developing world, it is a price well worth paying.Even September 11 could be even more beneficial. In the past four months the world has seen what American political leadership and power can do when it is ambitious, energetic and internationally minded. It is time for American economic leadership to be similarly active and visionary. Treasury Secretary Paul O'Neill's speech at the forum was an interesting beginning. O'Neill talked about changing the loans-and-grants system to developing countries to help them help themselves. He talked about insisting on internal legal and political reforms. He pointed out that foreign aid rarely works. His critiques of the current system was sharp, but anyone can criticize. The point is to fix things. He should take this opportunity to present a series of broad American initiatives that would broaden and deepen globalization.Washington should lead the developed world by responding to the legitimate demands of the developing world on trade-that means agriculture and anti-dumping. Hormats argues for a reform of the major international economic groups and institutions. A new system of effective foreign aid could have massive economic and political benefits for the whole world.In the wake of World War II, the Truman administration set up the global economic institutions that have secured and steered the world economy ever since. Throughout the cold war, America pushed for free trade as part of an overall strategy to combat communism and shore up the free world. Making globalization work better and for more people is not simply smart economics. It is a vital part of a new national-security strategy for America.46. Which of the following is more emphasized now after September 11?A. Domestic economy.B. Politics.C. National Security.D. Global unity in fighting terrorism.47. What does Hormats argue for?A. The developing countries have to help themselves.B. A new system of effective foreign aids will work well.C. The USA pushed and will push free trade world widely to combat communism.D. The foreign aids rarely work.48. What makes the author's opinion different from O'Neill's?A. The author thought that O'Neill's talk was not to the point.B. The author didn't like the talker personally.C. O'Neill should have presented what to do to improve the economic globalization.D. The author thought what O'Neill said was precise, but not workable.49. What does the author intend to say through the last paragraph?A. The Americans should follow Truman's global economic policy.B. The author suggests that the USA should have done more.C. The USA should pursue to combat the communism in economic competition.D. The Americans may live in luxurious and quiet surroundings under the conditions of theglobalization.50. The topic that best fits the passage is ___________.A. The National Security Strategy of the USAB. The Globalization of Economy and National Security Strategy of the USAC. The World Economic ForumD. International Economic GlobalizationSection B (10 points, 2 points each)Directions: Read the following passage and complete the sentences with the information from the passage in NO MORE THAN 10 words for each sentence.Living standards have soared during the twentieth century, and economists expect them to continue rising in the decades ahead. Does that mean that we human can look forward to increasing happiness?Not necessarily, warns Richard A. Easterlin, an economist at the University of Southern California, in his new book, Growth triumphant: the Twenty-first Century in Historical Perspective. Easterlin concedes that richer people are more likely to report themselves as being happy than poorer people are. But steady improvements in the American economy have not been accompanied by steady increases in people's self-assessment of their own happiness. "There has not been improvement in average happiness in the United States over almost a half century-a period in which real GDP per capita more than doubled," Easterlin reports.The explanation for this paradox may be that people become less satisfied over time with a given level of income. In Easterlin's word: "As incomes rise, the aspiration level does too, and the effect of this increase in aspirations is to vitiate the expected growth in happiness due to higher income."Money can buy happiness, Easterlin seems to be saying, but only if one's amounts get bigger and other people aren't getting more. His analysis helps to explain sociologist Lee Rainwater's finding that Americans' perception of income "necessary to get along" rose between 1950 and 1986 in the same proportion as actual per capita income. We feel rich if we have more than our neighbors, poor if we have less, and feeling relatively well off is equated with being happy.Easterlin's findings challenge psychologist Abraham Maslow's "hierarchy of wants" as a reliable guide to future human motivation. Maslow suggested that as people's basic material wants are satisfied they seek to achieve nonmaterial or spiritual goals. But Easterlin's evidence points to the persistence of materialism."Despite a general level of affluence never before realized in the history of the world,"Easterlin observes, "Material concerns in the wealthiest nations today are as pressing as ever and the pursuit of material need as intense." The evidence suggests there is no evolution toward higher order goals. Rather, each step upward on the ladder of the economic development merely stimulates new economic desires that lead the chase onward. Economists are accustomed to deflating the money value of national income by the average level of prices to obtain "real" income. The process here is similar-real income is being deflated by rising material aspiration, in this case to yield essentially constant subjective economic well-being. While it would be pleasant to envisage a world free from the pressure of material want, a more realistic projection, based on the evidence, is of a world in which generation after generation thinks it needs only another 10% to 20% more income to be perfectly happy.Needs are limited, but not greed. Science has developed no cure for envy, so our wealth boosts our happiness only briefly while shrinking that of our neighbors. Thus the outlook for the future is gloomy in Eaterlin's view."The future, then, to which the epoch of modern economic growth is leading is one of never ending economic growth, a world in which ever growing abundance is matched by ever rising aspirations, a world in which cultural difference is leveled in the constant race to achieve the good life of material plenty, it is a world founded on belief in science and the power of rational inquiry and in the ultimate capacity of humanity to shape its own destiny. The irony is that in the last respect the lesson of history appears to be otherwise: that there is no choice. In the end, the triumph of economic growth is not a triumph of humanity over material wants; rather, it is the triumph of material wants over humanity.51. What does "this paradox" in paragraph 3 refer to?52. Why will higher income not always bring more happiness?53. When will a person feel happy according to Easterlin?54. How does Easterlin's findings differ from Maslow's theory?55. What does Easterlin think of the future of the world?Part IV Translation (40 minutes, 20 points )Section ADirections:Translate the following passage from English into Chinese.56. We often hear that computers are cold and inhuman, but in fact many people are more comfortable with a computer than with another person. Computers are patient and do not judge the people who use them. Many students who would be embarrassed to show a teacher that they do not understand something are happy to ask a computer questions. Some patients would rather explain their health problems to a computer than to a doctor. There is even a computer program which deals with psychological problems. The program has become popular because many people feel uncomfortable discussing such problems with another person.Section BDirections:Translate the following passage from Chinese into English.57. 教育不是目的，而是达到目的的一种手段。

1 北 京 科 技 大 学2014年硕士学位研究生入学考试试题============================================================================================================= 试题编号： 850 试题名称： 自动检测技术 （共 3 页） 适用专业： 仪器科学与技术、仪器仪表工程(专业学位） 说明： 所有答案必须写在答题纸上，做在试题或草稿纸上无效。

=============================================================================================================1. 判断正误。

（正确者，在对应题号后划“∨”；错误者，在对应题号后划“╳”）（每小题2分，共10分）（请将答案写在答题纸上）（1）按照传感器转换原理分类，可分为温度、压力、流量、物位传感器等。

（2）热工参数测量中所称的“压力”定义为均匀而垂直作用于单位面积上的力。

（3）对于热电偶回路中的热电势有如下关系：当())(4321T T T T ->-时， ()()43AB 21AB ,,T T E T T E >。

（4）电子装置中的“地”是输入与输出信号的公共零电位，它必须与大地相短接。

（5）把光电池作为测量元件时，宜把它当做电流源的形式来使用，不宜用作电压源。

2. 单项选择题。

（每小题2分，共10分）（请将答案写在答题纸上）（1）在以下几种传感器中， 属于自发电传感器。

A 、压电式B 、电感式C 、电容式D 、热电阻式（2）超声波流量计中，将超声波转换成电信号是利用压电材料的 。

A 、应变效应B 、压磁效应C 、压电效应D 、逆压电效应（3）对下列传感器用于应力测量时可达到的最高响应频率进行比较，动态特性最好的是： 。

A 、应变式传感器B 、压磁式传感器C 、差动变压器式传感器D 、压电式传感器（4）铂铑10-铂热电偶的分度号是 ，镍铬-镍硅的分度号是 。

北 京 科 技 大 学2014年硕士学位研究生入学考试试题=============================================================================================================试题编号： 613 试题名称： 数学分析 （共 2 页）适用专业： 数学, 统计学 说明： 所有答案必须写在答题纸上，做在试题或草稿纸上无效。

=============================================================================================================1.(15分) （1）计算极限 ；2020cos lim ln(1)x x xdx x →+⎰（2）设证明: 存在，并求该极限.112(1)0,,(1,2,3,),2n n n a a a n a ++>==+L lim n n a →∞2. (15分) (1)设，其中是由方程222z y x u ++=),(y x f z =所确定的隐函数, 求.xyz z y x 3333=++x u (2) 设，求. 2233x u v y u v z u v ⎧=+⎪=+⎨⎪=+⎩z x ∂∂3. (15分)设在上连续，且＝，证明，使)(x f []0,2)0(f (2)f ∃0x ∈[]0,1＝)(0x f 0(1).f x +4.(15分) 设f (x ) 为偶函数, 试证明:20()d d 2(2)()d ,a D f x y x y a u f u u -=-⎰⎰⎰其中:||,|| (0).D x a y a a ≤≤>5. (15分)设在区间[0,1]上具有二阶连续导数，且对一切，均有)(x f [0,1]x ∈. 证明: 对一切，成立 .(),''()f x M f x M <<[0,1]x ∈'()3f x M <6. (15分) 设, 是定义在区间上的连续偶函数,0a >()f x [,]a a -(1)证明: ; 0()d ()d 1e a a xa f x x f x x -=+⎰⎰(2)计算积分3 2 2cos d .1e xx x ππ-+⎰7. (15分) (1)证明：级数在上一致收敛；4211n x n x +∞=+∑[0,)+∞(2)求级数的收敛域.3231(1)8ln()n n n n x n n n +∞-=-+∑8. (15分) 证明：若在矩形区域满足：(),f x y D 与12112|(,)(,)|||f x y f x y L x x -≤-12212|(,)(,)|||,f x y f x y L y y -≤-其中是正的常数，则函数在一致连续.12,L L (),f x y D 9.(15分) 设对于半空间内任意的分片光滑的有向封闭曲面, 都有0>x ∑2()d d d d d d 0,1xy f x y z z x x y x∑--=+⎰⎰Ò其中函数在上具有一阶连续导数, 且 求.()f x [0,)+∞(0)1,f =()f x 10. (15分) 设，证明: .()()(),0f x f x m a x b π'≤≥>≤≤()2sin ba f x dx m ≤⎰北 京 科 技 大 学2013年硕士学位研究生入学考试试题============================================================================================================= 试题编号： 613 试题名称： 数学分析 （共 2 页）适用专业： 数学，统计学 说明： 所有答案必须写在答题纸上，做在试题或草稿纸上无效。