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Module 4 Sandstorms in AsiaⅠ, 单词精讲1, sandstorm n. 沙尘暴【巧记提示】sand（沙子，沙）+storm（风暴）【经典例句】Sandstorms begin in desert areas.沙尘暴始于沙漠地区。
【考点聚焦】1）sands n.（复数）沙滩；沙地2）联想:sandwich n.三明治；夹心面包片。
2, frightening adj. 吓人的；可怕的【巧记提示】frighten （害怕）+ing【经典例句】It is frightening to be cycling in a sandstorm.在沙尘暴中骑自行车太可怕了。
【考点聚焦】1）fright n. 惊吓，惊悸；fright+后缀-ful 变成形容词；加上后缀+-en构成（使役）动词，作"使惊恐、吓唬，惊吓、害怕"解。
2）frightened和afraid的区别:frightened adj."受惊吓的；害怕......的"，作定语和表语形容词。
afraid adj."害怕"，只作表语形容词，后接of短语或不定式短语，也可以接that从句，表示"恐怕"，婉转拒绝别人的表达方法。
3, inland adj.内地的；内陆的【巧记提示】in（在......里面）+land（土地，陆地）【经典例句】In China,the inland region has more sandstorms than the one near the sea.在中国，内陆地区遭受沙尘暴侵害比沿海地区多。
【考点聚焦】1）前缀in-表示"在......内部"，如:indoor（室内的），inside（在里面、内部）等。
2）前缀in-也表否定意义，如:inactive，insensitive3）inland作定语形容词用，无比较等级。
高中英语 Module4 Sandstorms in Asia学案外研版必修3Sandstorms in Asia 学案核心词汇1、The ice____________(融化)when the sun shines on it、2、According to the weather____________(预报)it will be cloudy tomorrow、3、Have you got any____________(证据)to support this statement?4、It’s difficult to cross the desert by car，but not____________(绝对地，完全地)impossible、5、Mary is always____________(报怨)about something、6、Allthe____________(公民)should enjoy equal rights、7、This law provides____________(保护)for threatened animals and plants、8、These glass bottles can be____________(重新利用)、to____________problems、(environment)9、____________your health，we’revery____________about your illness though you always say there’s no cause for ____________、(concern)10、An unhappy home ____________can affect a child’s behaviour，so we should pay attention1、melts2、forecast3、evidence4、absolutely5ZZZplaining6、citizens7、protection8、recycled9、Concerning；concerned；concern10、environment；environmental高频短语1、________________ 砍倒，砍伐2、________________ 挖出；掘出；开垦3、________________ 突然遭遇(风暴等)4、________________ 一个接一个地5、________________ 对……有……影响6、________________ 吸收；接纳；收留7、________________ 放出；发出；宣称；公布8、________________ 为……担心9、________________ 不得不；不能不10、________________ 简言之；概括地讲11、________________ 拿走；拆去；解除12、________________ 浏览1、cut down2、dig up3、be/get caught in4、one after another5、have a(n)、、、effect on6、take in7、give out8、be concerned about9、can’t help but10、in a nutshell11、take away12、look through重点句式1、“________________________a sand storm was a terrible experience，”he said、他说：“遭遇沙尘暴是一次可怕的经历。
Module 4 Sandstorms in AsiaLearning Paper 4 RevisionⅠ.单项选择1. I cannot ____ puzzled, for I simply cannot understand how I could have made sucha stupid mistake.A.help feelB. help but to feelC. but to feelD. but feel2. I have worked with children before, so I know what ____ in my new job.A .expected B.to expect C. to be expected D. expects3. It was foolish ___ you to give up what you rightly owned.A. forB. ofC. aboutD. from4.--- The light in the office is on.--- Oh, I forget _____.A. turning it offB. turn it offC. to turn it offD. having turned it off5. I’ll get her ____ the door.A. seeB. seeingC. to seeD. for seeing6. The government must take measures to prevent rivers___.A. pollutedB. pollutingC. fromD. being polluted7. --- What a pity! Sao Paulo lost the football game yesterday.--- ____ . It was that Sao Paulo defeated Liverpool to win the championship.A.You are absolutely wrongB. You are absolutely rightC. It can’t be worseD. I couldn’t agree more8. The sound of thunder _____ made her very ____.A.one after another; scaryB. little by little; scaryC. one after another; scaredD. little by little; scared9. --- What do you think of the film “Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire”? --- There’s a lot I could say, but to put it____ it was fantastic!A.in a senseB. in other wordsC. in a nutshellD. in detail10. The water that trees____has a good effect ___their growth.A. give out; forB. take in; inC. give out; uponD. take in; on11. After we carried the boxes to the top of the building, our____ almost gave out.A.abilityB. powerC. forceD. strength12. The public were deeply ____ the safety of the miners in the Heilongjiang mine disaster.A. concerned aboutB. interested inC. amazed atD. disappointed by13. A system has been set up ___ the ing of earthquake so as to reduce the losses it causes.A. to forecastB. to be forecastingC. to be forecastD. to have forecast14. A storm is probable to e. Let’s hurry so as not to ___ it.A. catchB. be caughtC. be caught inD. catch in15. ____ late in the morning, Bob turned off the alarm.A. To sleepB. SleepingC. SleepD. Having sleptⅡ.完型填空Scientists have made a lot of research on desert. A desert is a land 16 plants,animals and people cannot get all the water they need because the climate is 17 too dry or too cold. 18 deserts have 19 than 10 inches of rainfall a year. There may be months or even years between one rainstorm and 20 .The rainwater quickly runs21the land, sinks into the sand or evaporates into the dry air.No matter how dry a desert may be, it is 22 to man. In some of the driest regions 23 has found valuable minerals. The discovery of petroleum, in particular, 24 great changes to the deserts. Oil is now the most important export of several desert countries in the Middle East, and it has been 25 in the western Sahara, Saudi Arabia, Iraq and Kuwait are 26 called oil kingdoms.Man has changed the desert in many ways to make it a better place 27 to live. But the greatest problem of the deserts 28 . That problem is 29 water over large areas. Man is 30 to the sea as a source of water.Scientists are constantly 31 methods of 32 the salt from water so that it can be used in industry and agriculture. Some people believe that man will one day be able to 33 the climate and produce rainfall over the desert when it is wanted. This would be a simple 34 to the water problem, but we 35 much more about the atmosphere before that will be possible.16. A. there B. where C. which D. that17. A18. A. Most B. most of C. All D. The Most19. A. fewer B. more C.little D. less20. A. the other B.other C.the next D. next one21. A. off B. out of C. into D. from22 A. rarely worthless B. nearly worthlessC .almost of no useD .almost worthless23. A. people B. man C. scientists D. the man24. A. brought up B. has brought C. have led up to D. has caused up25 B. discovered C. invented D.founded out26. A. some time B. sometime C. sometimes D. some times27. A. where B. which C. in which D. that28. A. stays B. leaves C. lies D. remains29. A. loss of B. lack of C. in need of D. short for30. A. turning B. going C. ing D. running31. A. thinking B. improving C. finding D. sending32. A. moving B. removing C. taking D. getting33. A. control B. make C. improve D. arrange34. A. way B. solution C. method D. means35. A. need to find Bwant to learn C. need to know D. need to studyⅢ. 阅读理解Sandstorms usually happen in spring in northern China. Most of sand es from Gansu and Inner Mongolia. In northern China lots of places have few trees and don’t get much rain. People there have been cutting down too many trees. When there aren’t many trees, the ground can’t keep enough water. Over the years, the ground dries up and turns to sand. When spring es and the ice melts, the ground bees looser.（松散） Strong winds take the loose sand into the sky.Sandstorms have bad effects on people’s health. If people breathe too much sand, they could cough or have asthma.（哮喘） Sandstorms also give farmers lots of problems. Sometimes their sheep get lost in the storms and never get back home. The winds also tear farmers’ houses down. What can you do to stop sandstorms? Askyour parents to help you plant some trees this spring. See people cutting down too many trees, tell them if you about the dangers of sandstorms, and ask your government to stop them from cutting.Sandstorms are bad for people’s eyes, nose and skin. So remember to take good care of yourself if sandstorms e your way.If you a sandstorm is ing, stay at home and close your windows. If you have to go outside during a sandstorm, remember to put a wet towel （毛巾）over your mouth. That will prevent sand from getting in your mouth if you get sand in you eyes, close your eyes and put your head down. Wait until your tears wash the sand out. Don’t rub（揉） your eyes it you get sand in them. And if your hands are not clean, your eyes could get infected. （感染）Don’t forget to wash your face and hands when you get back home.36、The purpose of the passage is toA teach us ways to prevent sandstormsB show the relationship between sandstorms and healthC warn us against sandstormsD give information about sandstorms37、What’s the direct reason that sandstorms usually happen in northern China?A Northern China is rich in sand and short of rainsB It blows strong winds there and the sand is taken into the skyC Many trees have been cut down and it rains little there.D The ice there melts in spring and the ground bees loose.38、Which of following statements is TRUE according to the second paragraph?A If you have asthma, you will breathe too much sand.B In sandstorm days farmers’ sheep don’t go homeC Sandstorms can damage people’s houses.D Northing can be done to prevent sandstorms.39、From the last paragraph, we can learn that during a sandstorm,A We should put a wet towel over our head when we go outside.B We must not go out and should stay at home and close the windowsC We can’t rub our eyes when sand gets in.D We should wash our face and hands many times.Ⅳ.根据句后提示词，把下列句子翻译成英语。
导学案Book Three Module 4 Sandstorms in AsiaSection 1 Introduction & speaking （第1课时）一、学习目标1、通过自主阅读课文，能够认识并掌握课文中的新词汇。
2、通过课堂合作探究，能够用英语谈论沙尘暴的起因和预防沙尘暴的措施二、学习重难点学习重点：能够认识并掌握课文中的新词汇。
学习难点：能够用英语谈论沙尘暴的起因和预防沙尘暴的措施三、学法指导1. 课前30分钟自主学习，完成预习学案。
找出自己的疑惑和需要讨论的问题，用红笔做好标记。
2. 课上25分钟高效讨论展示答案3. 课上10-15分钟答疑解惑。
4. 课后20分钟巩固学习四、学习内容：Introduction & speaking五、学习过程课前预习【自主学习】同学们，在本部分中，你要掌握这些单词和短语，请自主阅读教材P31，然后把它们找出来。
（部分单词出现在后面的学习中，需要提前掌握）（一）Words：英汉互译（方法引导：默写单词，然后核对答案，用红色笔写出正确答案并在再加以巩固）1、沙尘暴__________2、吓人的___________3、内陆的__________4、last（v）_________5、dig__________6、protect____________7、sign________8、ocean___________9、prevent_______10、region______11、expert_________12、describe_________13、bury_______14、blow_______15、host/hostess_______（二）Phrases：翻译成汉语(方法导引：按音标正确读，背单词和短语)1.cut down___________2. dig up________3.blow across____________4.inland region_________【合作探究】Step 2 Discuss these statements and decide which statement is false. ( )1. Sandstorms begin in desert areas. ( )2. Deserts are created by climate changes. ( )3. Deserts are also created because people cut down trees and dig up grass.( )4. Sandstorms from Asia have blown across the Pacific Ocean to America.( )5. San dstorms can’t be prevented.( )6. The inland region has more sandstorms than the one near the sea. Step 3 Work in groups and discuss what caused sandstorms. The following pictures may help you.There is high temperature and little _________. ______People _________ too many trees and _________grass .There are more population and less _________. ______ .The land becomes__________. _____ Think: Are there any causes? Step 4 Look at these pictures. Now work in pairs and discuss what we should do to prevent sandstorms coming. The following pictures can help you. 种植更多的树 减少空气污染 __________________ __________________ 保护水资源 修建绿色防护林（green fences ） ____________________ ____________________ ___________________________________ _______________________ _______________________ 全世界人民联合起来（join hands ）控制沙尘暴。
高中英语 Module4 Sandstorms in Asia导学案外研版必修3Module4 Sandstorms in Asia导学案外研版必修3一、学习目标1、通过自主阅读课文，能够认识课文中的新词汇。
2、通过自主翻译课文，能够分析课文中重要句型的结构。
3、通过自主阅读课文，能够透彻理解课文内容。
二、使用要求1、书写要认真规范；2、教师讲解时，务必用红色笔修正答案。
三、学习内容：Introduction & Reading and Vocabulary四、学习过程Pre-reading同学们，在本部分中，你要掌握这些单词和短语，请自主阅读教材P31-33，然后把它们找出来。
（一）Words：英汉互译1、沙尘暴___________2、吓人的___________3、内陆的__________4、大量的________5、战役；活动__________6、沙丘_____7、沙漠化_____________8、进程；过程________9、市民_________10、沙尘___________11、预报___________12、力量______________13、骑自行车________14、面罩________15、blow__________16、last（v）_________17、dig__________18、protect____________19、sign________20、ocean___________21、prevent_______22、region________23、cyclist_______24、situation__________25、expert_________26、advise__________27、major__________28、solve_________29、describe_________30、terrible_________31、survive_______32、disappear_____33、breathe________34、dirt______（二）Phrases：翻译成汉语1、cut down___________________________2、be caught in________________________3、one after another_________________4、dig up______________________________5、blow across_______________________6、inland region_______________________7、advise sb to do sth_______________8、for centuries_______________________9、solve the problem_________________10、wake up to_________________________11、advise sb not to do sth_________________12、wear a mask_________________13、so if_______________________14、plan to do sth__________________________15、the next five years_________________16、sandstorms in Asia______________17、have a result_______________________18、a mass of________________________Step1 Fast Reading（一）Read the passage on P32 quickly and Match the main idea with each part 、Part I (para1): discription cause influence suggestionPart II (para2-5): measuresPart Ⅲ (para6): major disaster in Asia- standstorm（二）Read the passage on P32 quickly and Decide if the following sentences are True or False 、1、A government campaign has been started to help solve the sandstorm problem、2、The winds in a sandstorm can sometimes prevent you from seeing the sun、3、Northwest China is the sandstorm centre in Central Asia、4、The Chinese Central Weather Station can only forecast a sandstorm some months before it arrives、5、It is frightening to be cycling in a sandstorm、6、The government is planting trees to the east of Beijing to prevent the desert coming nearer、Step2 Careful Reading（一）Read the passage on P32 carefully and answerthe questions 、1、What happened to Ren Jianbo when he was a child in thedesert?________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________2、Can you explain why the desertificationhappen?________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________3、What happens to traffic when sandstorms take place? Why?________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________4、What shall people do if a sandstormarrives?________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________（二）Read the passage on P32 again carefully and choose the best answers、1、Sandstorms are strong winds carrying through the air、A、 sand and dustB、 rain and heatC、 dirt and mudD、 cloud and snow2、Which of the following doesn’t belong to the main places in the world where there are sandstorms?A、 Central Asia、B、 North America、C、 Central Africa、D、 Austria、5、From the last paragraph we know__________ 、A、 the government is taking measures to prevent sandstormsB、 the distance between the desert and the center of Beijing is only250 kilometersC、 more than30 million trees have been planted in BeijingD、the government won’t plant trees any more infive years6、According to the text, which of the following statements is TRUE?A、 Sandstorms begin in desert areas and big cities、B、 Northwest China is part of the sandstorm centerin Central Asia、C、 Traffic moves very slowly because there are sand and thick dust on the road、D、 When a sandstorm arrives, nobody will go out、（三）Analyse and translate these sentences 、1、Scientists have tried many ways to solve this problem and in China ，a mass campaign has been started to help solve it 、_________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________2、Sandstorms in China appear to have increased in recent years as a result of desertification 、_________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ ______________________________________3、This is a process that happens when land becomes desert because of climatechanges and because people cut down trees and dig up grass 、_________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ ______________________________________4、To be cycling in a sandstorm is frightening 、_________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ ______________________________________Step3 SummaryFill in the form according to the text 、 DefinitionSandstorm are1_____________________________________________________ ________________________________________ 、The main places in theworld2___________________________________________________ ______________________________________________Causes3____ _________________ caused by climate changes ，4____________________ and5___________________________、Phenomena（现象）The sky is orange 、The windsare6______________________________________ 、The7__________________ is thick and brown-yellow 、Traffic moves very slowly 、AdviceIf a sandstormcomes ,you’d better8________________ 、If you want to go out ,you’d better wear a _________ 、The way to solvethe problem10________________________________________________ ___ 、Step4 Post readingFinish exercise1 on P32 and exercises2、3 、4 and5 on P33 、Step5 Language Points 同学们，在本部分中，你要掌握这些词汇和句型，请你在课文中找出后把对应的知识点写在其旁边，最后完成相应的检测题。
module 4 Sandstorms in Asia外研必修三学案module4sandstormsinasia外研必修三学案鸡西二中2022-2022第二学期高二英语学科外部研究版指导案例号：03使用时间：班级：小组：名称：小组内评价：教师评价：课题：module4sandstormsinasia(reading1)编写人：审核人：审批：学法指导：学习目标：学习重难点：小组讨论、合作探究法。
学会理解并翻译课文。
学会利用练习册和字典能独立完成课文相关练习题。
能通过阅读课文理解并完成预习案的内容。
掌握动词不定式作主语的两种形式。
单词与短语的用法。
学法指导【预习案】阅读32页课文，完成下列短语：1.许多方法解决这个问题_________________________________________2.一场大规模的战役__________________________3.足够强大可以刮走沙丘__________________________________________4.遭遇沙尘暴是一种可怕的经历____________________________________5.最可怕最危险的境况___________________________________________6.砍伐树木铲除草皮_____________________________________________7.沙尘暴的力量很惊人____________________________________________8.最好戴个口罩_____________________________________________【探究案】探究一：…amasscampaignhasbeenstartedtohelpsolveit.掌握help的短语搭配：help(sb.)withsth.______________________can’thelp(doing)___________________hel p(sb.)out______________can’thelpbutdo____________________helponeselfto_______ ______can’thelponeself___________________ican’thelpit______________探究二：tohavebeencaughtinasandstormwasaterribleexperience.解析：tohavebeencaughtinasandstorm是_____________作______，表示___________________________。
Period 2: Reading学习目标：深入理解课文，掌握文中基础知识，培养快速阅读，整体理解能力。
自主学习，探究共赢；掌握对比分析、归纳总结的阅读方法。
了解沙尘暴对环境的影响，唤起人们加强环保意识。
学习重点：了解沙尘暴对环境的影响，唤起人们加强环保意识。
学习难点：良好阅读习惯和阅读能力的培养语境记忆(背诵语段，记忆单元词汇)In the process of developing economy we have been polluting the environment.It’s true that most of us are concerned about the environmental protection.But it’s no use complaining about the present urgent situation.In a nutshell，it’s every citizen’s duty to work hard to win the campaign of protecting the environment.课前预习使用说明与学法指导：1. 了解背景知识加深对文章的理解2. 15分钟之内完成预习自测：1．____________difficult____________ and the dust makes me ill.呼吸很难，尘土使我感到恶心。
2．And yet we ____________ talk about it.但是除了谈论一下之外我们无事可做。
3．The garbage is then taken away and，____________，recycled.然后将垃圾运走；倘若可能的话，予以回收利用。
课内探究质疑探究：一、课前预习导学:（一）学习目标：1）充分理解课文大意并回答课本提出的问题；2）搜集关于“沙尘暴”的材料，了解其形成与危害及应对措施。
高中英语《Module 4 Sandstorms inAsia》学案2外研版必修3Grammar【预习目标】1 预习和回顾动词不定式的时态和语态形式。
2 初步掌握动词不定式的时态和语态的意义。
【预习内容】动词不定式是一种非谓语动词（非限定动词），除了不能作____________ 外，在句中可作任何成分：主语、宾语、表语、定语、补语和状语。
其一般形式是_______________。
不定式的时态有：一般式、进行式、完成式和完成进行式；语态有主动和被动。
其形式如下：形式主动形式被动形式一般式to do进行式完成式to have been done完成进行式to have been doing动词不定式的具体用法如下：一、不定式一般式所表示的动作与谓语动词所表示的动作或状态___________发生或在它__________发生。
很高兴遇见你。
I am glad ______________________ you、I’d like to be told what’s going on、_____________________________________________二、不定式进行式表示动作正在进行，与谓语动词表示的动作_____________ 发生。
It’s nice _____________________ (sit)here with you、 He pretended ____________________ attentively、他假装正在认真听讲。
三、不定式完成式所表示的动作在谓语动词所表示的动作___________ 发生。
I am sorry _____________________ (take up)so much of your time、他似乎感冒了。
He seems____________________________________、四、不定式完成进行式表示在谓语动词所表示动作之前开始一直进行到说话时的动作。
高中英语 Book III Module 4 Sandstorms in Asia3学案外研版必修3Module4 Sandstorms in Asia课后学习目标：1、To review the knowledge that we have learned in this module2、 To consolidate some important or difficult knowledge3、 To use the newly-learned knowledge skillfully and freelyWordsNo one has lived in this house for years、 The furniture is covered with a lot of d_______、(灰尘)The boy died bravely for his country, so he was b________(埋葬)like a solider、The talk was held in a friendlya_____________(氛围)、 As a result, an agreement was reached in the end、When a s____________(沙尘暴) comes, the air is full of small dust and people have difficulty in walking or riding、Any Chinesec_________(公民)must obey the law of the People’s Republic of China even if he is not in China、After the flood, many houses were d__________,(破坏)and many people became homeless、If you use waste materials again, you r___________(再利用)them、Fortunately, the majority of houses stayed upin the e____________、 (地震)Only a few very old buildings fell down、When temperature is above zero centigrade, ice m__________(溶化)and becomes water、Sadly, few animals s__________(幸存)that terrible forest fire、Many factories in that area pour waste water into rivers without cleaning it、That has caused serious p___________、(污染)Beijing and Shanghai are two of the m_________(主要的)cities in China、 They are better developed than other cities in China、The atmosphere of the earthp__________(保护)us from the strong sunlight、When iron becomes steel, we call it a c__________(化学的)change、If you say I have broken the law, you must show e___________、(证据)PhrasesWe were __________________(遭遇)the storm last night、Sandstorms have been a major problem _________ ________、(数世纪以来)Deserts are also created because people _______ _______(砍伐)trees and ________ ________(挖掘)grass、What do you think experts ________ people_______ ________(建议……去做)in this situation?Scientists have tried many ways to _________ ________ __________(解决这个问题)、The students left the classroom ________ _________ _________(一个接一个地)、When I walked into the reading room, I saw him_________ __________（浏览）a magazine、I ________ ______ _______ _______ (碰巧看过)this book、I think we can do nothing _______ ________ _________、(除了在这里等待)I feel it honor ________________ ______ __________(被选为)as monitor、He seems ______ _______ _________ ______ （在考虑）something at the moment、The garden was______ ________Sentences什么也干不了。
Period 4: Grammar学习目标1. 扎实掌握词汇与语法的用法，提升综合语言运用能力。
自主学习，合作探究；学会分析与总结的方法并学以致用。
学习难点：动词不定式的用法学习重点：如何掌握动词不定式的用法课前预习预习自测：用括号中动词的适当形式填空学情诊断(1)Do tell me the way you think of _____________ the problem as soon as possible.(solve)(2)As an employee，I cou ldn’t help but _____________ still for hours as the boss told me to.(stand)(3)If there’s a lot of work _____________，I’m happy to just keep on until it’s finished.(do)(4)I want to find some interesting books _____________.(read)(5)I have no choice but _____________ the fact.(accept)课内探究一、动词不定式定义:在语法中,它是动词的一种不带词形变化从而不指示人称、数量、时态的形式。
由to+动词原形构成，否定式not to do.(1)一般式：表示不定式的动作与谓语动作同时发生或动作发生于谓语动作之后。
He seems to understand what I said.他似乎明白我说的话。
(2)进行式：表示不定式的动作与谓语动作同时发生且动作正在进行。
The two cheats pretended to be working hard.那两个骗子假装在努力工作。
(3)完成式：表示不定式动作发生于谓语动作之前。
She seems to have seen this film.她似乎已看过这部影片。
(4)被动语态：表示不定式与逻辑主语之间的动宾关系。
The meeting to be held tomorrow is about how to stop the pollution.明天要举行的会议是关于如何停止污染的。
2．动词不定式的句法功能不定式的句法功能是作主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、主语补足语、定语、状语等。
To get there by bike will take us half an hour.我们骑自行车去那里要花半个小时。
(主语)When our visit to the farm was over, we expected to start back on foot.当参观农场结束时，我们期望步行返回。
(宾语)He asked me to do the work with him.他要求我同他一起做这项工作。
(宾补)I was asked to help him with his lessons.我被请求帮他学功课。
(主语补足语)Some scientists went to Germany to attend a medical conference.一些科学家去德国参加医学大会。
(目的状语)To tell the truth, I don't agree with you.说实话，我不同意你。
(独立成分)[考题印证1] George returned after the war, only ________ that his wife had left him.A．to be told B．telling C．being told D．told3．不定式的复合结构(1)for＋名词(或代词宾格)＋动词不定式其中for本身无意义，for后面的名词或代词是不定式的逻辑主语，这种不定式在句中可作主语、表语、宾语、定语或状语。
It is very important for us to get everything ready for the harvest.为收获季节准备好一切对我们来说很重要。
(2)带有逻辑主语的结构of/for sb. to do sth.当作表语的形容词表示不定式的逻辑主语的性质或特征时，用介词of引出不定式的逻辑主语，这些形容词一般有good，nice，kind，wise，silly，stupid，foolish，right，wrong, careless, impolite 等。
句中的形容词用来说明动词的特征时要用介词for。
这类形容词有hard, easy, heavy, necessary, possible, important, difficult等。
The first thing for students to do is to study.学生首先要做的事情就是学习。
It is foolish of you to say such words.说这种话你太蠢了。
It's easy for you to learn English well.对你来说，学好英语很容易。
4．疑问词＋动词不定式疑问代词和疑问副词后可加动词不定式构成不定式短语，在句中可作主语、表语或宾语。
The problem is how to get there on time.问题是怎么按时到达那儿。
I don't know what to do next.我不知道下一步该做什么。
[考题印证2]Twenty students want to attend the class that aims to teach ______ to read fast. A．what B．who C．how D．why二、but＋不定式but后跟不定式时有以下两种情况：1．在can't but, can't help but, can't choose but(不得不，只能)结构后，不定式不带to。
There being no buses, I can't but walk home.由于没有公共汽车，我只能步行回家。
We can't choose but accept the offer.我们只能接受提议。
It's raining hard. I cannot help but stay at home.天在下大雨，我只好待在家里。
2．动词不定式在介词but, except, besides等表示“除了……”之意的词后面时，如果这些介词之前有行为动词do的各种形式(do, does, did)，那么介词后的不定式要用不带to的不定式，否则要用带to的不定式。
Tom did nothing except wait before his parents came home.父母回家之前，汤姆只有等待。
I have no choice but to accept the fact. 除了接受这一事实，我别无选择。
There was nothing to do but send for a doctor. 除了派人去请医生，没有什么可以做的。
[考题印证3]If he takes on this work, he will have no choice but ________ an even greater challenge.A．meets B．meeting C．meet D．to meet当堂检测：Ⅰ.用所给单词的适当形式填空1．The bank is reported in the local newspaper _____________(rob) in broad daylight yesterday. 2．I'd love _____________(drink) some wine at the party, but I had a stomachache that day. 3．Lily's mobile phone was left in a taxi accidentally, never _____________(find) again.4．I'll do whatever I can _____________ (improve) my English.5．For nearly three hours we waited for the decision, only to _____________ (tell) to come again the next day.6．How about the two of us _____________ (take) a walk down the garden?7．The computer center, ____________ (open) last year, is very popular among the students in this school.8．Charles Babbage is generally considered _____________ (invent) the first computer. 9．The students expected there _____________ (be) more reviewing classes before the final exams.10．Since he doesn’t want to accept your advice, it is no use _____________ (talk) to him again.Ⅱ.单项填空1．Many buildings in the city need repairing, but the one ________ first is the library. A．repaired B．being repaired C．repairing D．to be repaired2．________, you need to give all you have and try your best.A．Being a winner B．To be a winner C．Be a winner D．Having been a winner 3．We are invited to a party ________ in our club next Friday.A．to be held B．held C．being held D．holding4．With the world changing fast, we have something new ________ with all by ourselves every day. A．deal B．dealt C．to deal D．dealing5．Edison was the first scientist ________ a modern research and development centre.A．built B．having built C．to build D．to be building6．If you don't know _______ a word, look it up in a good dictionary.A．to use B．how to use C．how using D．how should use7．He hurried to the booking office only ________ that all the tickets had been sold out.A．to tell B．to be told C．telling D．told8．I would love ______ to the party last night but I had to work extra hours to finish a report. A．to go B．to have gone C．going D．having gone9．Schools across China are expected to hire 50,000 college graduates this year as short-term teachers, almost three times the number hired last year, ________ reduce unemployment pressures.A．help B．to have helped C．to help D．having helped10．With Father's Day around the corner, I have taken some money out of the bank ________ presents for my dad.A．buy B．to buy C．buying D．to have bought11. _____ in a heavy rain, Miss White had a bad cold and couldn’t but ____ for a leave.A. To catch; askB. Caught; askC. Caught; askingD. To have caught; ask12. _____ a long bridge requires a large amount of money.A. To buildB. To be builtC. To have builtD. To have been built13．When caught________，he begged for my pardon and tried________punishment.A．stealing；escaping B．stealing；to escapeC．to be stealing；escaping D．to be stealing；to escape14．All the students injured in that accident are still in hospital，________for further observation. A．kept B．keeping C．having kept D．to be kept15.Ten million people have been forced_______their homes because of the flood.A．leaving B．to leave C．to be left D．being left16.Hearing his words，I couldn't decide________or remain.A．whether to go abroad B．if I go abroad C．if to go abroad D．to go abroad课后训练1．____about Lucy，the teacher called her parents to find out why she was so often absent from class.A．Concerning B．Considering C．Concerned D．Considered2．I was just talking to Joan when Bob ________.A．cut in B．cut down C．cut out D．cut up3．Don't worry，mother；we still have ________ time to go to the railway station.A．a great deal B．masses of C．a great number of D．a great many 4．—Would you please tell me the methods you think of ________ the problems if you have time? —Sure! A．to solve B．solving C．solve D．being solved5．He was __________ at the sight of a snake.A．frightening B．frightful C．frightened D．fright6.Simon made a big bamboo box ________the little sick bird till it could fly.A．keep B．kept C．keeping D．to keep7．It's likely that he is the only American hip-top artist________in China.A．to have ever lived B．to live ever C．having ever lived D．ever living8.Increasing the number of women leaders will be a slow________.A．step B．process C．ceremony D．achievement9.Now，I have him in my________，I can make him do anything I want.A．strength B．energy C．power D．force10．Li Ming is clever, honest, and hardworking. ________，he is a good student and we should learn from him.A．In a nutshell B．After all C．On the other hand D．By the way。
