2006年11月翻译资格考试三级笔译真题

全国翻译专业资格（水平）考试德语三级《笔译实务》试卷（样题）Teil IÜbersetzen Sie die folgenden Texte ins Chinesische!（共60分）Text1（30分）Die Bundesrepublik Deutschland gehört zu den international führenden Wirtschaftsnationen.Mit ihrer wirtschaftlichen Gesamtleistung steht sie in der Welt an dritter Stelle;im Welthandel nimmt sie sogar den zweiten Platz ein.Nach neuesten Statistiken ist Deutschland(vor den USA)Exportweltmeister und behauptet einen Anteil am Weltmarkt von gut zehn Prozent.Schon seit Anfang der fünfziger Jahre wird mehr exportiert als importiert,ist die Handelsbilanz also positiv.Produkte…made in Germany“sind begehrt.Daran hat sich in Jahrzehnten kaum etwas geändert,auch wenn die Konkurrenz auf den Weltmärkten gewaltig geworden ist.Dieser Exportweltmeister punktet mit der Größe seines Sozialproduktes,mit Patentmeldungen,als Hightech-und Forschungsstandort.Die deutsche Wirtschaft wuchs nach der Katastrophe des Zweiten Weltkrieges überraschend schnell zu einer der führenden Wirtschaften Europas und dann der Welt heran.Ein solides Konzept,das der sozialen Marktwirtschaft,die solide D-Mark, ehrgeizige Menschen und technisches Können brachten die deutsche Wirtschaft schnell voran.Auch der Wohlstand wuchsüber Jahrzehnte.Weltweit liegt zwar noch ein Dutzend Länder mit ihrem Pro-Kopf-Einkommen vor Deutschland,dennoch gehört Deutschland zu der Gruppe der sehr wohlhabenden Länder,und die Einkommen sind relativ gleichmäßig verteilt.Die Bundesrepublik Deutschland befürwortet den freien Welthandel und ist gegen jede Form von Protektionismus.Da sie rund ein Drittel ihres Bruttoinlandsprodukts exportiert,ist sie auf offene Märkte angewiesen.Für die deutsche Wirtschaft ist es lebenswichtig,den europäischen Binnenmarkt auszubauen und sich außerhalb der Europäischen Union alte Märkte zu erhalten und neue zu erschließen.Dem marktwirtschaftlichen Kurs nach innen entspricht nach außen das beharrliche Eintreten für offene Märkte und freien Welthandel.Text2（30分）Berlin ist politische Hauptstadt,ein wirtschaftliches und wissenschaftliches Zentrum,ein bedeutender Messe-und Kongressplatz,eine Kulturmetropole und ein Einkaufsparadies.Berlin ist die meistbesuchte Stadt Deutschlands und folgt im europäischen Vergleich auf London,Paris und Rom.Berlin zählte2002fast fünf Millionen Hotelgäste mit knapp11MillionenÜbernachtungen.Hinzu kommen jährlich rund60Millionen Touristen und knapp sieben Millionen Geschäftsreisende, die sich nur einen Tag in der Stadt aufhalten.Etwa550Beherbergungsbetriebe bieten weitüber60000Gästebetten.7000gastronomische Betriebe sorgen für ein internationales Angebot.Der Tourismus ist ein bedeutender Zweig der Berliner Wirtschaft.66000Beschäftigte erzielten in dieser Branche zuletzt einen Jahresumsatz von5,2Milliarden Euro.Charlottenburg war zu Zeiten der Teilung der Stadt das Zentrum Westberlins. Der Bahnhof Zoo,der Kurfürstendamm und die Kaiser-Wilhelm-Gedächtniskirche, die nach ihrer Zerstörung1943als mahnende Ruine erhalten blieb,sind heute noch erste Anlaufstellen.Der Schloss Charlottenburg ist eine prächtige Barock-Residenz.Der Tiergarten ist das politische Zentrum Deutschlands.Der Bundespräsident residiert im Schloss Bellevue,der Bundeskanzler arbeitet und lebt im mächtigen Bau des neuen Bundeskanzleramtes,und der Bundestag tagt im umgestalteten Reichstagsgebäude.Am Südrand des Tiergarten-Parks wurde mit zahlreichen Botschaften das Diplomatenviertel wiederbelebt.Köpenick ist der größte Berliner Stadtbezirk.Das auf einer Insel gegründete einstige Fischerdorf hat sich mit seinem Rathaus und den engen Gassen den Charme einer Kleinstadt erhalten.Kreuzberg war schon in der geteilten Stadt der Berliner Szenebezirk,geprägt von dem Zusammenleben verschiedener Kulturen,sozialen Randgruppen und einer alternativen Szene.Nach dem Mauerfall rückte der Bezirk in das geographische Zentrum Berlins,wurde schicker,ohne allerdings seinen alternativen Flair zu verlieren.Sehenswert ist der verbliebene Mauerstreifen an der Niederkirchnerstraße und natürlich der Checkpoint Charlie,der einstige Grenzübergang zwischen Ost-und Westberlin,an dem sich1961nach dem Bau der Berliner Mauer sowjetische und amerikanische Panzer gegenüber standen.Die Geschichte der Mauer wird in einem Museum gezeigt.Das Brandenburger Tor steht für Teilung und Wiedervereinigung der Stadt.Den Alexanderplatzüberragt der365Meter hohe Fernsehturm.Die Museumsinsel mit ihren klassizistischen Prachtbauten ist Weltkulturerbe.Teil IIÜbersetzen Sie die folgenden Texte aus dem Chinesischen ins Deutsche!（共40分）Text1（20分）2002年底，中国共有女性人口6.2亿人，占人口总数的48.5%。

历年翻译资格考试真题(三级笔译) 历年翻译资格考试真题(三级笔译): Section 1: English-Chinese Translation (英译汉)(50 points) The Money Ran Out; Then the Villagers Stepped In HIGUERA HIGUERA DE DE DE LA LA LA SERENA, SERENA, SERENA, Spain Spain Spain ——It It didn didn ’t t take take take long long long for for for Manuel Manuel Manuel GarcíGarcíGarcía a Murillo, a bricklayer who took over as mayor here last June, to realize that his town was in trouble. It was 800,000 euros, a little more than $1 million, in the red. Ther was was no no no cash cash cash on on on hand hand hand to to to pay pay pay for for for anything anything anything ——and and there there there was was was work work work that that that needed needed needed to to to be be done. But then an amazing thing happened, he said. Just as the health department was about about to to to close close close down down down the the the day day day care care care center center center because because because it it it didn didn ’t t have have have a a a proper proper proper kitchen, kitchen, Bernardo Benít ez, a construction worker, offered to put up the walls and the tiles free. tez, a construction worker, offered to put up the walls and the tiles free. Then, Maria José Carmona, an adult education teacher, stepped in to clean the place Carmona, an adult education teacher, stepped in to clean the place up. And somehow, the volunteers just kept coming. Every Sunday now, the residents of of this this this town town town in in in southwest southwest southwest Spain Spain Spain ——young young and and and old old old ——do do what what what needs needs needs to to to be be be done, done, whether whether it it it is is is cleaning cleaning cleaning the the the streets, streets, streets, raking raking raking the the the leaves, leaves, leaves, unclogging unclogging unclogging culverts culverts culverts or or or planting planting trees in the park. “It was an initiative from them,” said Mr. García. “Day to day we talked to people and and we we we told told told them them them there there there was was was no no no money. money. money. Of Of Of course, course, course, they they they could could could see see see it. it. it. The The The grass grass grass in in between the sidewalks was up t o my thigh. “Higuera de la Serena is in many ways a microcosm of Spain ’s troubles. Just as Spain ’s s national national national and and and regional regional regional governments governments governments are are are struggling struggling struggling with with with the the the collapse collapse collapse of of of the the construction construction industry, industry, industry, overspending overspending overspending on on on huge huge huge capital capital capital projects projects projects and and and a a a pileup pileup pileup of of of unpaid unpaid bills, the same problems afflict many of its small towns. But what has brought Higuera de la Serena a measure of fame in Spain is that th residents residents have have have stepped stepped stepped up up up where where where their their their government government government has has has failed. failed. failed. Mr. Mr. Mr. GarcíGarcíGarcía a a says says says his his phone rings regularly from other town officials who want to know how to do the sam thing. He is serving without paay, as are the town ’s two other elected officials. They are also forgoing the cars and phones that usually come with the job. “We lived beyond our means,” Mr. García said. “We invested in public works that weren ’t t sensible. sensible. sensible. We We We are are are in in in technical technical technical bankruptcy.” bankruptcy.” bankruptcy.” Even Even Even some some some money money money from from from the the European Union that was supposed to be used for routine operating expenses and last until 2013 has already been spent, he said. Higuera de la Serena, a cluster of about 900 houses surrounded by farmland, and traditionally dependent on pig farming and olives, got swept up in the giddy days of the construction boom. It built a cultural center and invested in a small nursing home.But the projects were plagued by delays and cost overruns. The The cultural cultural cultural center center center still still still has has has no no no bathrooms. bathrooms. bathrooms. The The The nursing nursing nursing home, home, home, a a a whitewashed whitewashed building building sits sits sits on on on the the the edge edge edge of of of town, town, town, still still still unopened. unopened. unopened. Together, Together, Together, they they they account account account for for for some some $470,000 of debt owed to the bank. But the rest of the debt is mostly the unpaid bil of a town that was not keeping up with its expenses. It owes for medical supplies, fo diesel diesel fuel, fuel, fuel, for for for road road road repair, repair, repair, for for for electrical electrical electrical work, work, work, for for for musicians musicians musicians who who who played played played during during holidays. Higuera Higuera de de de la la la Serena Serena Serena is is is not not not completely completely completely without without without workers. workers. workers. It It It still still still has has has a a a half-time half-time librarian, librarian, two two two half-time half-time half-time street street street cleaners, cleaners, cleaners, someone someone someone part-time part-time part-time for for for the the the sports sports sports complex, complex, complex, a a secretary and an administrator, all of whom are paid through various financing streams apart from the town. But the town once had a work force twice the size. And when someone is ill, volunteers have to step in or the gym and sports complex — open four hours a day — must close. Section2: Chinese-English Translation (汉译英)(50 points) １０年来，中国经济持续快速发展，经济实力、综合国力、人民生活水平迈上新的台阶，国家面貌发生举世瞩目的历史性变化，为促进亚洲和世界经济增长作出了重要贡献。

CATTI三笔2006真题汉英段落疑问对比与剖析翻译原文：（选自2006年实考题）中国虽然取得了很大的发展成就，但中国人口多，底子薄，生产力不发达，发展很不平衡，生态环境、自然资源与经济社会发展的矛盾比较突出。

虽然中国人均国内生产总值已经突破1000美元，但仍排在世界一百位以后。

中国要实现现代化，使全体人民都过上富裕生活，还需要进行长期不懈的艰苦奋斗。

译文一：Though China has achieved impressive results in its development, there are still many acute problems, such as overpopulation, weak economic foundation, underdeveloped productivity, highly uneven development, and a fairly sharp contradiction between the country's ecological environment and natural resources on the one hand and its economic and social development on the other. China's per capita GDP, though reaching the record high of 1,000 US dollars last year, still ranks behind the 100th place in the world. To make China's modernization program a success and deliver a prosperous life for all the Chinese people still requires a long and uphill battle.译文二：For all the remarkable gains China has scored, many challenges still lie ahead/remain out there. China is burdened/saddled with a large population, built on a weak economic foundation, and challenged by underdeveloped productivity and disparities in development. The fast-growing economy is also struggling with an acute/salient imbalance between ecological wellbeing and natural resource availability on the one hand and socio-economic development on the other. China’s per capita GDP has exceeded/topped US$1,000, but has yet to rank among top 100 on the world’s list. That means China still has a long, hard journey to go before it can achieve full modernization and prosperity for all.对比评析：1. 在第一句中，很显然是一个转折关系，但是后面的成分太多。

2006年11月翻译资格考试三级英语笔译实务真题及答案试题部分：Section 1: English-Chinese Translation (英译汉) Translate the following passage into Chinese.For all the natural and man-made disasters of the past year, travelers seem more determined than ever to leave home.Never mind the tsunami devastation in Asia last December, the recent earthquake in Kashmir or the suicide bombings this year in London and Bali, among other places on or off the tourist trail. The number of leisure travelers visiting tourist destinations hit by trouble has in some cases bounced back to a level higher than before disaster struck."This new fast recovery of tourism we are observing is kind of strange," said John Koldowski, director for the Strategic Intelligence Center of the Bangkok-based Pacific Asia Travel Association. "It makes you think about the adage that any publicity is good publicity."It is still too soon to compile year-on-year statistics for the disasters of the past 12 months, but travel industry experts say that the broad trends are already clear. Leisure travel is expected to increase by nearly 5 percent this year, according to the World Tourism and Travel Council."Tourism and travel now seem to bounce back faster and higher each time there is an event of this sort," said Ufi Ibrahim, vice president of the London-based World Tourism and Travel Council. For London, where suicide bombers killed 56 and wounded 700 on July 8, she said, "It was almost as if people who stayed away after the bomb attack then decided to come back twice."Early indicators show that the same holds true for other disaster-struck destinations. Statistics compiled by the Pacific Asia Travel Association, for example, show that monthly visitor arrivals in Sri Lanka, where the Dec. 26, 2004, tsunami left more than 30,000 people dead or missing, were higher than one year earlier for every month from March through August of this year.A case commonly cited by travel professionals as an early example of the trend is Bali, where 202 people were killed in bombings targeting Western tourists in October 2002. Visitor arrivals plunged to 993,000 for the year after the bombing, but bounced back to 1.46 million in 2004, a level higher than the two years before the bomb, according to the Pacific Asia Travel Association.Even among Australians, who suffered the worst casualties in the Bali bombings, the number of Bali-bound visitors bounced back within two years to the highest level since 1998, according the Pacific Asia Travel Association. Bali was hit again this year by suicide bombers who killed 19 people in explosions at three restaurants.Visits are also on the upswing to post-tsunami Thailand, where the giant waves killed 5,400 and left more than 5,000 missing.Although the tsunami killed more than 500 Swedes on the Thai resort island of Phuket, the largest number of any foreign nationality to die, Swedes are returning to the island in larger numbers than last year, according to My Travel Sweden, a Stockholm-based group that sends 600,000 tourists overseas annually and claims a 28 percent market share for Sweden."We were confident that Thailand would eventually bounce back as a destination, but we didn"t think that this year it would come back even stronger than last year," said Joakim Eriksson, director of communication for My Travel Sweden. "We were very surprised because we really expected a significant decline." Eriksson said My Travel now expects a 5 percent increase in visitors to both Thailand and Sri Lanka this season compared with the same season last year. This behavior is a sharp change from the patterns of the 1990s, Eriksson said. "During the first Gulf war we saw a sharp drop in travel as a whole, and the same after Sept. 11," Eriksson said. "Now the main impact of terrorism or disasters is a change in destination."Section 2: Chinese-English Translation (汉译英) Translate the following passage into English.中国为种类繁多的菜肴感到十分自豪。

2006年11月德语三级口译实务试题（部分）录音材料Chinas Eignungsprüfung für übersetzer und Dolmetscher Prüfung für Dolmetscher Stufe III in DeutschPraxisbezogenes DolmetschenTeil I Ein Gespr?chEs folgt ein Gespr?ch. Ihre Aufgabe ist, das Gespr?ch jeweils in die andere Sprache zu dolmetschen. Sprechen Sie dabei ins Mikrofon. Sie beginnen jeweils nach dem ersten Signalton und enden nach dem zweiten. W?hrend des Zuh?rens dürfen Sie sich Notizen machen. Sie h?ren das Gespr?ch nur einmal.下面你将听到的是一段有关在德国投资的对话。

张：加布里埃尔女士，我有件事想求你!Gabriele：Gern. Bitte sehr.张：我在德国已有相当长时间了。

我曾在几家公司工作过，也存了点钱。

我想用部分存款购买房地产基金，进行5至6年的投资。

但我经常读到报道说，这类基金没有收益，人们要离它远点。

请问你的看法如何？Gabriele：In der Tat bringen einige gro?e Immobilienfonds derzeit wenig Rendite. Es handelt sich haupts?chlich um Fonds, die ausschlie?lich in Deutschland angelegt und von der Wirtschaftsflaute stark betroffen sind. Die Immobilienwerte und Mietertr?ge sind gesunken, immer mehr Bürogeb?ude stehen leer, weil neue Mieter zur Zeit nicht so einfach zu finden sind.Aber nicht alle Fonds sind von der schwierigen Situation betroffen. Gute Renditen bringen vor allem diejenigen, die europaweit oder global investieren. Deshalb sind sorgf?ltig ausgew?hlte Immobilienfonds nach wie vor ein lohnendes Investment und damit auch ein sinnvoller Bestandteil einesDepots.张：谢谢。

2006 年11 月英语三级《笔译综合能力》试题Section 1: Vocabulary and Grammar (25 points)Part 1 Vocabulary SelectionIn this part, there are 20 incomplete sentences. Below each sentence, there are 4 choices respectively marked byletters A, B, C and D. Choose the word or phrase which best completes each sentence. There is only ONE rightanswer. Blacken the corresponding letter as required on your Machine-scoring ANSWER SHEET.1. She did not ______ staying at home as she had some sewing to do.A. matterB. careC. objectD. mind2. I should like to rent a house, that is modern, cozy and, ______ , in a convenient place.A. before allB. above allC. over allD. first of all3. Leading stress management experts say that life with stress would be dull and ______.A. disorderlyB. time-consumingC. fruitlessD. unexciting4. Martin has created enough memorable ______ to make it easy to forgive his lows.A. youngstersB. noblesC. highsD. miserables5. Basca has ______ his first prize at the Intel Science Talent Search, the premier national high school sciencecompetition.A. landedB. lentC. renderedD. brought6. No one was ______ in the accident.A. injuredB. damagedC. woundedD. suffered7. John is handsome ______ the scar on his face.A. althoughB. even ifC. instead ofD. despite8. Even at an early stage the school felt that she ______ a good chance of passing her exams.A. stoodB. gainedC. possessedD. took9. Orson accused the man ______ the theft.A. forB. ofC. inD. on10. I can't tell the time because the ______ of the clock have been removed.A. handsB. pointersC. armsD. fingers11. One person ______ 10 now goes to a university in this country.A. ofB. overC. inD. from12. This book is full of practical ______ on home repair.A. helpsB. tipsC. aidsD. clues13. I'm so tired that I can't take ______ what you're saying.A. upB. outC. inD. on14. His failure ______ great disappointments to his parents.A. forcedB. causedC. madeD. provided15. The little boy was continually ______ the ornaments.A. tripping upB. falling downC. breaking upD. knocking over16. If a star seems to be moving in a wavy line, we ______ it of being a double star.A. doubtB. believeC. guessD. suspect17. I wrote to my bank manager, ______ to getting a loan.A. in the hopeB. on the questionC. with the aimD. with a view18. His emotional problems ______ from his experiences as a child, I think.A. stemB. flourishC. rootD. sprout19. ______ pollution control measures are expensive, many industries hesitate to adopt them.A. AlthoughB. HoweverC. BecauseD. On account of20. ______ of recent political developments, he was taken by surprise upon his arrival in the capital.A. UnexpectedB. UnacquaintedC. UnawareD. UnknowingPart 2 Vocabulary Replacement21. The doctor preferred to resign rather than be accused publicly of infamous conduct.A. unknownB. extraordinaryC. mysteriousD. disgraceful22. Since Jonas Salk came up with his polio vaccine, infantile paralysis has virtually disappeared from the UnitedStates.A. surfaced withB. raised the price ofC. discoveredD. elevated23. In the nineteenth century, poor Europeans seeking to make their fortunes turned to America asa matter ofcourse.A. automaticallyB. obviouslyC. traditionallyD. resignedly24. Nineteenth-century scholars tried to trace the origins of modern languages to ancient Hebrew.A. limitB. connectC. convertD. draw25. Icy roads and poor visibility are familiar hazards in the midwest.A. chancesB. dangersC. conditionsD. occurrences26. For all their protestations, they heeded the judge's ruling.A. In spite ofB. On behalf ofC. Because ofD. Without27. The space shuttle program entails the use of sophisticated technology.A. enhancesB. developsC. createsD. involves28. Tom was avid for learning and imitating and read everything he could.A. eagerB. surgingC. appreciativeD. vigorous29. The country will no longer be plagued by turmoil.A. constant changeB. bad weatherC. utter confusionD. fuel shortages30. As a general rule, September is the worst month of the year for hurricanes in the Gulf.A. NormallyB. On rare occasionsC. InvariablyD. Sometimes31. Innovative approaches to manufacturing, coupled with the tremendous size of the domestic market, led to theemergence of the United States as an industrial giant.A. followed byB. deriving fromC. combined withD. mixed with32. Laurel leaves are still an emblem of victory.A. a symbolB. a resultC. a suggestionD. a spoil33. The National Industrial Recovery Act was designed to spur industry.A. taxB. stimulateC. censureD. rebuke34. When the Erie Canal was built in the 1820's, it was the engineering marvel of its time.A. wonderB. disputeC. frustrationD. model35. Mary McCarthy's satires are couched in the prose style that has a classic precision.A. fusedB. prefacedC. standardizedD. expressedPart 3 Error Correction336. When he fails his final examination, he is sure of a university place.A. IfB. In caseC. Even whenD. Even if37. He says, you must take in those responsibilities.A. take awayB. take onC. take outD. take off38. When they broke open the door, they found a strange man lied on the floor unconscious.A. layB. laidC. lainD. lying39. I regret to have not paid more attention to our English lessons at school.A. not payingB. not having paidC. have not paidD. not to have paid40. Without the music, the children would have not had so much fun.A. wouldn't be havingB. wouldn't have beenC. wouldn't beD. wouldn't have had41. John and I have just been telling stories two of us.A. ourselvesB. to each otherC. each of usD. both42. Had I run out of gas, I ought to have called the garage.A. hadB. would haveC. wouldD. should have43. I cannot thank you very. much for your kindness, I owe my success to you.A. soB. tooC. asD. enough44. Don't set him to talking philosophy or he'll go on all evening.A. offB. onC. atD. of45. I suppose the party ended in a friendly atmosphere, isn't it?A. don't IB. do IC. did itD. didn't it46. Scarcely had the van turned the comer than the mirror came off.A. No moreB. No soonerC. Not anyD. No longer47. We don't plan to go to the concert, and so they don't.A. so do theyB. they don't tooC. neither don't theyD. they don't either48. Having finished lunch, the case was discussed.A. they discussed the caseB. they had discussed the caseC. the case was discussedD. the case had been discussed49. When Henry arrived home after a hard day at work, his wife was slept.A. his wife was sleepingB. his wife sleptC. his wife has sleptD. his wife has been sleeping50. It was not until she arrived at the classroom she realized she had forgotten her coursebook.A. and she realizedB. which she realizedC. then she realizedD. that she realizedSection 2: Reading Comprehension (55 points)Texans have bursting pride and love attention. They also have a thick streak of shortsighted greed and, even by American standards, a busted disposition to violence. When they hear this sort of criticism they usually ascribe it to the ignorance and jealousy of stuffy Yankees who have not spent enough time in the state to understand it. For such avowedly robust people they aresurprisingly sensitive. They hated Edna Ferber's novel Giant, which scourged Texan vulgarity, racism and the mores of millionaires, but they bought it in great quantities and packed cinemas to see the film. They would rather be talked about than not, and if you do not talk about them they do it for you.In claiming special qualifies for themselves, Texans have had to become reconciled to the fact that a largenumber of them are not native. In the last century "Gone to Texas" was a commonplace graffito daubed on barns in other states, and in recent years "Gone to Texas" has, figuratively, been written on the front doors of millions of Americans and also Mexicans. In the early 1980s newcomers accounted for nearly two-thirds of the state'spopulation increase. But Texans do not believe they are being diluted. They maintain that Texanhood, or Texianism, is a matter of attitude and that Texanic qualities exist in abundance in many Americans, regardless of their birthplace: it is when these people are planted in Texas, and nourished by its atmosphere, that they flower like true Texans. A man may not be born in Texas, which is unfortunate; but he can be born to be Texan.Many Alaskans are urban, young and raising families, here for a while, and trying to make money before moving to somewhere warmer. But many are staying. While most remain in Anchorage and other centers, some set out to build a cabin in the wilderness and live by hunting, trapping and fishing, learning how to skin a muskrat and moose, how to survive terrible weather, how to be truly in tune with the land, taking pleasure in great silence and unpeopled immensity. To settle the frontier the state has a homesteading program, based on the federalHomestead Act of 1864, which was a key event in the opening up of the American west. Hundreds of Alaskans are awarded parcels of wilderness land in an annual lottery and undertake to invest sweat equity, to build a home within three years and clear and cultivate the land within five. Alaskans love reading about Alaska, and two of the most popular books are a manual on log cabin building and a collection of tales about grizzly bears, of which Alaska is a stronghold. Log cabin life is for the stout-hearted few with the springs of adventure strong in them, and these wilderness Alaskans are remarkable. Some are refugees of one kind or another. Several hundred are Vietnam veterans, tortured by their experiences of war and unable to fit into normal urban life, seeking solace in the wilds.51. Which of the following statements can best describe Texans?A. They are aggressively self-confident of their wisdom.B. They are brutally crude in making a living for themselves.C. They are blindly allergic to negative comments on their weakness.D. They are openly and crudely thin-skinned about discriminations against them.52. The author in Paragraph 1 describes Texans as a class of people who areA. of a mixture of personality consisting of both morality and immoralityB. of a mixture of nature consisting of both pride and violenceC. more sensitive to criticisms of their uncivilized conductsD. born to be savage and uncivilized people53. Which of the following statements can best summarize the implications of Paragraph 2?A. Texans are so conceited that they blindly and subjectively consider everything Texan to be inclusively Texan.B. Texans pride themselves on being superior to other Americans who are not as rich as Texans.C. Texans thumb down on all non-natives and regard them as being less educated and resourceful.D. Texans are crude in nature, savage in behavior, and conceited in personality.54. According to the author, Alaskans are characterized by their distinctive and unique way of life thatA. is embraced by both a strong desire to make money and special qualities for enjoying peaceB. takes hunting, fishing and learning how to skin wild animals as their major activitiesC. is made up of both the enjoyment of staying indoors and the exploration of and doing the wildernessD. consists of both the love of themselves and the lust for wealth55. Alaskans love reading books aboutA. Alaskans' way of living as hunters and as log cabin buildersB. Alaskans' keen interest in living in the wild and the abundance in wild animalsC. stories about Alaskans' log cabin life and their abundance of grizzly bearsD. stories telling how Alaskans were cultivating the land and building log cabinsQuestions 56-60Caesar was right. Thin people need watching. I've been watching them for most of my adult life, and I don't like what I see. When these narrow fellows spring at me, I quiver to my toes. Thin people come in all personalities, most of them menacing. You've got your "together" in person, your mechanical thin person, your condescending thin purism, your tsk-tsk thin person, your efficiency-expert thin person. All of them are dangerous.In the first place, thin people aren't fun. They don't know how to goof off, at least in the best, fat sense of the word. They've always got to be adoing. Give them a coffee break, and they'll jog around the block. Supple them with a quiet evening at home, and they'll fix the screen door and lick S & H green stamps. They say things like "there aren't enough hours in the day". Fat people never say that. Fat people think the day is too damn long already.Thin people make me tired. They've got speedy little metabolisms that cause them to bustle briskly. They're forever rubbing their bony hands together and eyeing new problems to "tackle". I like to surround myself with sluggish, inert, easygoing fat people, the kind who believe that if you clean it up today, it'll just get dirty again tomorrow.Some people say the business about the jolly fat person is a myth, that all of us chubbies are neurotic, sick, sad people. I disagree. Fat people may not be chortling all day long, but they're a hell of a lot nicer than the wizened and shriveled. Thin people turn surly, mean, and hard at a young age because they never learn the value of a hot-fudge sundae for easing tension. Thin people don't like gooey soft things because they themselves are neither gooey nor soft. They are crunchy and dull, like carrots. They go straight to the heart of the matter while fat people let things stay all blurry and hazy and vague, the way things actually are. Thin people want to face the truth. Fat people know there is no truth. One of my thin friends is always staring at complex, unsolvable problems and saying, "The key thing is fat people never say that." They know there isn't any such thing as the key thing about anything.56. According to the author, most thin people are dangerous becauseA. their personalities are mostly made up of disgusting elementsB. most of their personalities carry threatening elementsC. their personalities largely endanger the life of other peopleD. they have uncooperative and unpleasant personalities57. Which of the following statements can best describe the behavior of most thin people asascribed by thepassage?A. Thin people could never find themselves having enough time for leisure.B. Thin people are seldom unable to find themselves having nothing to do.C. Thin people are never lazy in doing things useful.D. Thin people are fussily annoying and particularly disgusting.58. According to the passage, the author likes being with those______.A. fat people who are clumsy and slow in movement and gets fed up with those quick and sensitive thinpeopleB. thin people who are always energetic and active and those fat people, too, who are steady in the moves theytakeC. fat people who are inactive and easily get jaded but hates to be among those thin people who are active andenergeticD. thin people who get rid of things quickly but feels sick of those fat people who are all thumbs59. Which of the following statement can best distinguish between fat and thin people?A. Fat people are sullen and gloomy whereas thin people are cheerful who know no fatigue.B. Fat people are lazy and clumsy whereas thin people are diligent and crafty.C. Fat people are practically reliable whereas thin people are seldom trustworthy.D. Fat people are always feeling jaded whereas thin people never feel tired.60. When it comes to looking at things, fat people and thin people never come to terms with each other becauseA. in nature thin people have less sensational inclination than most fat people who are always at the mercy of fatB. in essence thin people are less emotional and touchy than fat people who are too impulsiveC. in nature thin people look at things in rose-colored spectacles whereas fat people always take a dim view of the objectsD. In essence thin people are too quick on the trigger whereas fat people are slow at picking up subtle thingsQuestions 61-70The first and most important agents of socialization are the people who care for infants. In the earliest months, messages from nurturers constitute the child's basic understanding of the world around it. This is the infant's first introduction to the language that shapes perception and elicits emotion.Another powerful source of information and socialization is the friendship of peers. Peers are equals that one can deal with on the same level as oneself, whereas parents are superiors. The heavy emotional overlay of family relationships makes some kinds, of learning difficult.Much formal socialization is placed in the hands of professionals. Teachers from kindergarten on are specifically designated agents of socialization. Ideally, a teacher is one who has both knowledge and the skills to present it. During the course of teaching their subjects, classroom instructors provide role models and attempt to convey the excitement of learning itself.In earlier times, parents, friends and teachers would comprise the list of primary childhoodsocializers. Children's books, comics and magazines might also have been mentioned as sources of information on norms and role models. Today one must add three powerful indirect ornon-personal socialization agents: radio, movies and television. Many people learn about politics, form a vision of well-being, and develop attitudes towards othersfrom what they see on the screen and hear through the speakers.61. In this passage, agents of socialization refer to ______.A. the mediaB. individualsC. all channelsD. organizations62. The author's chief agents include the following EXCEPT the ______.A. familyB. groupC. schoolD. internet63. The child's basic understanding of the world around it is formed ______.A. at kindergartenB. in the earliest monthsC. by classroom instructorsD. through interaction with parents64. Which of the following statements is NOT true?A. Language shapes an infant's perception.B. Language elicits an infant's emotions.C. Language forms an infant's cultural awareness.D. Language forms an infant's basic understanding.65. According to this passage, ______ makes some kind of learning difficult.A. long distanceB. formalityC. much indulgenceD. family influence66. Peers are one of the ______ agents of socialization.A. formalB. indirectC. primaryD. personal67. ______ are the first formal socialization agents.A. Infant nurturersB. Family membersC. Group peersD. School teachers68. Which of the following statements is NOT implied in the passage?A. Teachers are sociable.B. Teachers are role models.C. Teachers are paid agents of socialization.D. Teachers are knowledgeable and skillful.69. ______ are/is powerful indirect socialization agents.A. ParentsB. FriendsC. TeachersD. The media70. Which of the following would be the best title for this passage?A. Childhood SocializersB. Norms & Role ModelsC. Sources of InformationD. Agents of SocializationQuestions 71-80Cooperation is the common endeavor of two or more people to perform a task or reach a jointly cherished goal. Like competition and conflict, there are different forms of cooperation, based on group organization and attitudes.In the first form, known as primary cooperation, group and individual unite. The group contains nearly all of each individual's life. The rewards of the group's work are shared with each member. There is an interlocking identity of individual, group, and task performed: Means and goals become one, for cooperation itself is valued.While primary cooperation is most often characteristic of preliterate societies, secondary cooperation is characteristic of many modern societies. In secondary cooperation, individuals devote only part of their lives to the group. Cooperation itself is not a value. Most members of the group feel loyalty, but the welfare of the group is not the first consideration. Members perform tasks so that they can separately enjoy the fruits of their cooperation in the form of salary, prestige, or power. Business offices and professional athletic teams are examples of secondary cooperation.In the third type, called tertiary cooperation or accommodation, latent conflict underlies the shared work. The attitudes of the cooperating parties are purely opportunistic; the organization is loose and fragile. Accommodation involves common means to achieve antagonistic goals; it breaks down when the common means cease to aid each party in reaching its goals. This is not, strictly speaking, cooperation at all, and hence the somewhat contradictory term antagonistic cooperation is sometimes used for this relationship.71. What is the author's main purpose in Paragraph I of the passage?A. To explain how cooperation differs from competition and conflictB. To show the importance of group organization and attitudesC. To offer a brief definition of cooperationD. To urge readers to cooperate more often72. The underlined word "cherished" in Paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to ______A. prizedB. based onC. definedD. set up73. In the primary cooperation ______A. group and individual don't have to uniteB. the group contains nearly all of each person's lifeC. individuals work for themselvesD. people don't value cooperation74. Which of the following statements about primary cooperation is supported by information in the passage?A. It was limited in prehistoric times.B. It is usually the first stage of cooperation achieved by a group of individuals attempting to cooperate.C. It is an ideal that can never be achieved.D. It is most commonly seen among people who have not yet developed reading and writing skills.75. According to the passage, why do people join groups that practice secondary cooperation?A. To share the happiness with others.B. To get rewards for themselves.C. To associate with people who have similar backgrounds.D. To defeat a common enemy.76. Which of the following is an example of the third form of cooperation as it is defined in Paragraph 4?A. Students form a study group so that all of them can improve their grades.B. A new business attempts to take customers away from an established company.C. Two rival political parties temporarily work together to defeat a third party.D. Members of a farming community share work and the food that they grow.77. Which of the following is NOT given as a name for the third type of cooperation?A. Tertiary cooperationB. AccommodationC. Latent conflictD. Antagonistic cooperation78. The underlined word "fragile" in the last paragraph is closest in meaning to ______.A. inefficientB. easily brokenC. poorly plannedD. involuntary79. As used throughout the passage, the term "common" is closest in meaning to which of the following?A. Ordinary.B. Shared.C. Simple.D. Popular.80. Which of the following best describes the overall organization of the passage?A. The author describes a concept by analyzing its three forms,B. The author compares and contrasts two types of human relations.C. The author presents the points of view of three experts on the same topic.D. The author provides a number of concrete examples and then draws a conclusion.Questions 81-90Losing a job or not being able to find one almost always brings unwelcome changes. If you've lost a job, the first feeling is often one of shock. On top of the loss of income, many people find the whole routine of their life is shattered, their contact with other people reduced, their ambitions halted and their identity as a worker removed.There may be good feelings too -- it' s nice to be able to lie in bed in the morning, to spend more time with children, or to have more time to think -- a better job may be just around the corner. But, unless a better job does turn up, chances are the days start getting longer and the time becomes harder to fill. Many people pass through periods of difficulty in sleeping and eating. They feel irritable and depressed, often isolated and lonely.Despite all these problems, unemployment can be a chance for a fresh start. You can discover that it provides an opportunity to sort out or rethink what you want from life and how best you can get it. You can use the time to plan how to find a new job, learn a new skill, develop your hobbies, see if you can run your own business, d some voluntary work in your community or meet new people. It's up to you.81. Unemployment almost always brings changes that are ______A. unpleasantB. unsuitableC. untenableD. unworthy82. According to the passage, when a person has first lost a job, more often than not, he feelsA. excitedB. isolatedC. shockedD. depressed83. According to the passage, possible good feelings include the following EXCEPT being able to ______A. have more time to thinkB. have a new and better jobC. have more time to visit friendsD. spend more time with children84. According to this passage, unemployment may ______A. cause people to lose touch with realityB. completely destroy people's life patternsC. lessen interaction with peopleD. reduce people's chances of promotion85. The unemployed become finally disillusioned when they ______A. have nothing more to think aboutB. are unable to improve their positionC. get tired of playing with their childrenD. can no longer lie in bed in the morning86. According to the passage, continuing unemployment may cause ______A. absence of humorB. lack of interestC. waste of timeD. loss of appetite87. By "a chance for a fresh start" the author means ______A. one should learn to seize chancesB. one should often change his jobsC. unemployment can be of benefitD. unemployment does not last long88. Unemployment provides a chance for you to rethink ______A. what you find and how to keep itB. what you want and how to get itC. how best you can do the new jobD. how best you can sort out a new job89. The sentence "It's up to you" means "You are the person who ______."A. makes the decisionB. is responsibleC. has the fightD. is confident90. The author's purpose is to ______A. give the basic facts of unemploymentB. explain the reasons of unemploymentC. introduce new jobs to the unemployedD. offer encouragement to the unemployed Questions 91-100If you left your book on the table overnight, you would find the following morning that it was still exactly where you had left it, provided nobody had moved it. If a ball is made to roll on a very smooth surface, it will roll a long distance unless something stops it or changes its direction. This tendency of an object to remain at rest unless something moves it and to continue moving unless something stops it is known as the Law of Inertia.The following examples show the truth of this law.(a) Put a table-cloth on a table and arrange a pile of books on it. Hold one edge of the table-cloth and pull it quickly. The table-cloth will come off, leaving the pile of books undisturbed.(b) Place a small piece of cardboard on an open jar and place a coin on it directly over its mouth. Use one finger to flick the piece of cardboard away. You will notice that the coin drops into the jar.(c) Sitting in a car which starts suddenly, you feel you are jerked backwards. In fact, you are not jerked backwards. Your lower half, which is in contact with the cushion, is forced to move forward with the car, and the upper part of your body, which remained at rest, is left behind.91. A book put on the table overnight would ______ the following morning.A. not be found againB. not be touched againC. stay exactly where it was leftD. be provided to someone else92. A ball with a smooth surface made to roll on a very smooth surface would ______A. remove its surfaceB. meet some objectsC. roll a long distanceD. change its direction93. In this passage, inertia means ______A. a situation in which no action is takenB. a situation in which no progress is madeC. the feeling of someone not wanting to move or do anythingD. the force making an object stay at rest or continue moving94. The Law of Inertia is a law concerning ______A. motionB. distanceC. positionD. direction95. In the first example, the pile of books on the table-cloth will ______A. be broken into piecesB. scatter onto the groundC. remain in its position of restD. be wrapped in the table-cloth。

2010年11月When night falls in remote遥远偏远parts of Africa and the Indian subcontinent 次大陆, hundreds of millions of people without access to electricity turn to candles or kerosene煤油lamps灯for illumination照明.Slowly through small loans for solar太阳能的powered devices, microfinance is bringing light to these rural乡下的regions地区where a lack of electricity has stemmed阻止（stem）economic development,held down限制literacy识字有文化rates and damaged health.“Earlier, they could not do much once the sun set. Now, the s un is used differently. They have increased their productivity, improved their health and socio-economic status,” said Pinal Shah from SEWA Bank, a micro-lending institution小额信贷机构.Vegetable seller Ramiben Waghri took out a loan to buy a solar lantern灯which she uses to light up照亮her stall摊位，隔间，畜栏at night. The lantern costs between $66-$112, about a week’s income for Waghri. “The vegetables look better by this light, and it’s cheaper than kerosene and doesn’t smell,” said Waghri, who estimates估计she makes about 300 rupees ($6) more each evening with her lantern. “If we can use the sun to save some money, why not?”In India, solar power projects, often funded by micro credit institutions微小信贷机构, are helping the country reduce carbon emissions and achieve its goal to double the contribution of renewable可再生energy to 6%, or 25,000 megawatts兆瓦, within the next four years.Off-grid applications such as solar cookers and lanterns, which can provide several hours of light at night after being charged by the sun during the day, will help cut dependence on fossil fuels化石燃料and reduce the fourth biggest emitter’s carbon footprint, said Pradeep Dadhich, a senior fellow at energy research institute TERI in India“ They are reaching people who otherwise have limited or no access to electricity and depend on kerosene, diesel柴油or firewood for their energy need,” he said. “The appliances not only satisfy these needs, they also improve the quality of life and reduce the carbon emissions.”SEWA, or the Self-Employed Women’s Association, is among a growing number of microfinance institutions in India focused on providing affordable renewable energy sources to poor people, who otherwise would have had to stand for hours to buy kerosene for lamps or trudge kilometers to collect firewood for cooking.SKS, Microfinance, the largest such institution in India, offers solar lamps to its 5 million customers, while the Rural Solar Electricity Foundation helps pay for lamps and systems for homes and street lighting for villagers in India, Nepal and Bangladesh.In neighboring Bangladesh, the state-owned国营and private-sector私营power plants发电厂can generate3,700 to 4,300 megawatts of electricity a day against a demand of 5,500 megawatts, according to根据the state-run power development board. With only 40 percent of the country’s people having access to electricity, microfinance institutions like Grameen Bank have made a major push toward expanding the use of solar power. Since 2001, 350,000 solar home systems have been installed in Bangladesh and 550,000 solar lanterns have been distributed,bringing solar power to about 4 million people.“Right now 2.5million people are benefiting from solar energy, and we have a plan to reach 10 million people by the end of 2012,”said Dipal Chandra Barua, managing director of Grameen Shakti, an offshoot of the 2006 Nobel Peace Prize winner Grameen Bank, which encourages the use of alternative energy.答案在印度次大陆的边远地区，当夜幕降临的时候，数亿人用不上电，靠蜡烛或煤油灯照明。

w w w .800x yz.co m录音材料Тестдляпереводчиков 3-йступениПоследовательныйпереводустнойречиЧасть I. Прослушайтеследующиедиалогиипереведитесогласнотребованию. Послетогокаквыпрослушаетефразуилитекстнакитайскомязыке, переведитеегонарусскийипроговоритевмикрофон. Ауслышавфразуилитекстнарусскомязыке, переведитеегонакитайский. Начинайтепереводитьиостанавливайтесьпотакомусигналу… Выможетеделатьзаписивовремяпрослушивания. ДиалогипрослушиваютсятолькоОДИНраз. Асейчасначинаем.Диалог 1以下是一段关于载人飞船的一段对话A: 你知道吗，安德列，中国成功发射了第二艘载人飞船，昨天飞船已经安全返回地面。

B: Конечно, слышал. Поздравляюкитайскийнародсблестящейпобедой! Молодцыкитайцы!A: 两名航天员，费俊龙和聂海胜，围绕地球飞行了76 圈，共115.5小时。

他们是真正的英雄！B: Этоужевторойпилотируемыйкосмическийкорабль. Акогдабылзапущенпервый?A: 中国第一艘载人飞船是2003 年10月15日发射的。

杨利伟是遨游太空的第一位中国人，他首次实现了中华民族千年的飞天梦想。

B: Китайскийнародпоправугордитсясвоимиуспехамивосвоенииw w w .800x yz.co mкосмоса. Ты, конечно, знаешь, чтопервымчеловекомЗемли, полетевшимвкосмос, былнашроссийскийкосмонавтЮрийГагарин.A: 当然。

《全国翻译资格考试三级英语笔译实务历年真题汉译英分级译文解码》日前由翻译学院英语翻译教材研发中心编撰完成。

全国翻译资格考试英语三级笔译是从2003年11月开始在全国范围内启动的一项国家级考试，也是目前我国外语类考试中最顶尖的一项。

翻译学院自此项考试首次开考，就承接了相应的备考培训工作，也被国家人事部外文局指定为应考培训单位；到今年为止学院已经积累了近9年的培训经验。

本次编撰的《译文解码》一书，对2005年5月至2012年5月共15 套真题的汉译英部分进行了全面系统的分级整理（从2003年11月至2004年11月的试题，其命题难度把握欠妥，因此未列入分析范围），将试题中的段落截成一个个完整的句子，然后将语句进行分级处理，最终按照“基础考点”，“中等考点”和“难度考点”三个级别为考生编写出这个手册；它可以帮助考生对考试难度有一个清晰明确的认识，然后考生可以根据考委会的命题思路结合自身翻译的实际水平应对考试。

以下列举本书中部分翻译经典例句，供广大翻译爱好者参考《全国翻译资格考试三级笔译实务历年真题汉译英分级译文解码》前言全国翻译资格考试英语三级笔译是从2003年11月开始在全国范围内启动的一项考试，是目前我国外语类考试中最顶尖的一项考试。

由于该考试启动初期，考委会对考生的翻译水平估计不足，从2003年11月至2004年11月进行的三次三级笔译实务考试的命题难度把握欠妥。

因此，我们在整理历年真题时将这三次的试题没有列在我们的试题分析范围内。

我们从2005年5月至2012年5月共15套真题的汉译英部分进行了全面系统的分级整理，将试题中的段落截成一个个完整的语句，然后将句子进行分级处理，最终按照“基础考点”，“中等考点”和“难度考点”三个级别为考生编写出这个手册--《全国翻译资格考试三级笔译实务历年真题汉译英分级译文解码》。

这个手册可以使考生对考试的难度有一个比较清晰明确的认识。

这样，我们的考生就可以根据考委会命题的思路与难度的要求做到心中有数并根据自身翻译的实际水平应对考试。

Over the past 25 years, China has been firmly pressing ahead with the implementation of the reform program and the initiative of opening up to the outside world. With the establishment of a preliminary socialist market economy, and the nation’s economy att aining an outward-oriented perspective, the productive forces and the comprehensive national competence have been on the rising curve constantly. And various social undertakings have been developing in full swing. The living standard of the Chinese people as a whole has undergone a historical leap from a subsistence level to the level of moderate prosperity.In the 25 years between 1978 and 2003, the annual growth rate of China's economy was running at an average of 9.4 percent, with its GDP jumping from 147.3 billion US dollars to over 1.4 trillion US dollars.25 years ago, China’s foreign trade value and foreign exchange reserves each stood at 20.6 billion and 167 million in US dollars, but last year they shot up to 851.2 billion US dollars and 403.3 billion US dollars respectively.China has now become the sixth largest economy and the fourth largest trader in the world. The tremendous changes in China are attributed to the fact that we have adhered to the path of building socialism with Chinese characteristics and persevered in our reform and opening endeavors, which brought into full play the Chinese people's initiative, enthusiasm and creativeness.Though China has scored impressive achievements in its development, we must not lose sight of our problems: overpopulation, a weak economic foundation, underdeveloped productivity, highly uneven development, and the fairly sharp contradictions between the country's ecological environment and natural resources on the one hand and its economic and social development on the other.China's per capita GDP, though reaching the record high of 1,000 US dollars last year, still ranks well behind the 100th place in the world. To realize China's modernization program and offer all the Chinese people a prosperous life there is yet an uphill battle to fight.We have already set our vision for the first 20 years of this century, which involves the building of a moderately prosperous society of a higher standard in an all-round way for the benefit of well over one billion Chinese people. By 2020 the GDP will be quadrupled from the figure of 2000 to 4 trillion US dollars, with the per capita level averaging at 3,000 US dollars. By then the nation will be immersed in an ambience of greater social harmony with an improved quality of life for the people, featuring a more developed economy, more sound democracy, more thriving culture and more advanced science and education.。

录音材料Chinas Eignungsprüfung für Übersetzer und Dolmetscher Prüfung für Dolmetscher Stufe III in DeutschHörverständnisTeil I Beurteilung über richtige bzw. falsche Feststellungen Im Folgenden hören Sie einen Text. Hören Sie der Tonbandaufzeichnung genau zu. Ihre Aufgabe ist, zu beurteilen, ob die Feststellungen in den folgenden Aufgaben richtig oder falsch sind. Es sind 20 Aufgaben, wobei jede Aufgabe mit einem Punkt bewertet wird. Sie hören den Text nur einmal. Zu Beginn und am Schluss des Textes hören Sie jeweils einen Signalton.SignaltonNoch 1954 glaubte man beim Bundesverband der Deutschen Industrie: (i)Unternehmerinnen sind eine Kriegsfolgeerscheinung und werden in wenigen Jahren wieder ganz von der Bildfläche verschwunden sein.“ So jedenfalls belegt es ein historisches Zitat. Doch die Herren irrten. Immer mehr Frauen arbeiteten in den vergangenen Jahrzehnten selbständig. Von den 3,7 Millionen Selbständigen in Deutschland sind nach Angaben des Verbandes deutscher Unternehmerinnen derzeit rund 1,6 Millionen Frauen.Die Entwicklung freut die Veranstalterinnen des Unternehmerinnentages im Ruhrgebiet, die noch mehr Frauen …Lust auf Mittelstand“ machen wollen. Der Unternehmerinnentag in Deutschlands größter Industrieregion feiert seinen zehnten Geburtstag, wenn er am 18. März in Essen stattfindet.Ging es bei den Treffen der vergangenen Jahre vor allem um praktische Tipps für Existenzgründer, so stehen heute strategisches Denken und Arbeiten für bereits tätige Unternehmerinnen, Netzwerkbildung und Kooperationen im Programm. Auch der Typ der Unternehmerin habe sich in den vergangenen zehn Jahren gewandelt. …Es gibt viele, die heute selber ihre Unternehmen aufbauen“, sagt Birgit Unger, eine der Veranstalterinnen. …Es sind nicht mehr die Ehefrauen verstorbener Unternehmer, die ins Geschäft einsteigen, sondern es sind heutehauptsächlich Frauen, die selber gründen, mit einer ganz klaren Idee und einem Ziel, das sie verwirklichen können.“…SignaltonTeil II Füllen Sie die Lücken ausHier ist ein Text, der unvollständig und mit Lücken versehen ist. Hören Sie der Tonbandaufzeichnung genau zu. Ihre Aufgabe ist, beim Zuhören die Lücken auszufüllen. Es sind insgesamt 20 Lücken, wobei jede Lücke mit einem Punkt bewertet wird. Sie hören den Text nur einmal. Zu Beginn und am Schluss des Textes hören Sie jeweils einen Signalton.SignaltonWas in den meisten Ländern der Europäischen Union selbstverständlich ist, kommt nun auch nach Deutschland – die Campus-Maut. Im Januar 2005 hatte das Bundesverfassungsgericht das Verbot von Studiengebühren aufgehoben. Mehrere Bundesländer, darunter auch Baden-Württemberg, kündigten daraufhin das Bezahlstudium für ihre Universitäten an. In Heidelberg begrüßten der Rektorat und Universitätsrat diese Entscheidung, betonten jedoch, dass eine solche Gebühr ausschließlich den Universitäten zur …Verbesserung der Lehre“ zugute kommen dürfe und außerdem sozialverträglich sein müsse.…SignaltonTeil III Kreuzen Sie die richtige Antwort anIm Folgenden hören Sie einen Text. Hören Sie der Tonbandaufzeichnung genau zu. Ihre Aufgabe ist, unter vier Antworten die richtige anzukreuzen. Es werden 10 Fragen gestellt. Die Antwort auf jede Frage ist drei Punkte wert. Sie hören den Text nur einmal. Zu Beginn und am Schluss des Textes hören Sie jeweils einen Signalton. Vor dem Abspielen der Tonbandaufzeichnung haben Sie etwas Zeit, die Aufgaben durchzulesen.SignaltonKeine Altersgruppe weist im gesamten Lebensverlauf so große Unterschiede in körperlichen und psychischen Merkmalen zwischen ihren einzelnen Mitgliedern auf wie die Gruppe der …Alten“.Natürlich gibt es eine Reihe von Veränderungen, die den Alterungsprozess aller Menschen kennzeichnen, doch verlaufen die Veränderungen der Alten zwischen den einzelnen Menschen sowie innerhalb einer Person in einzelnen Bereichen höchst unterschiedlich.Der so genannte Alltagsmensch hat auch V orstellungen davon, wie der Prozess des Älterwerdens verläuft, wodurch sich das Leben im hohen Alter auszeichnet und wodurch die Gruppe des …älteren Menschen“ typischerweise charakterisiert ist. Altersbilder sind in der Regel mit Bewertungen und Gefühlsreaktionen verbunden, denn sie umfassen nicht nur Wissenselemente, sondern immer auch affektiv-evaluative Elemente, die sich unter anderem in Hoffnungen oder Befürchtungen mit Blick auf das hohe Alter äußern.Zuallererst lässt sich die Frage aufwerfen, auf welchen Zeitpunkt der Beginn des…Altseins“ üblicherweise datiert wird. …Altsein“ beginnt – gemäß den Ergebnissen einer Umfrage von Edgar Piel aus dem Jahre 1989 – bei Frauen mit 56, bei Männern mit 59 Jahren! Befragt man ältere Menschen selbst, so verschieben sich diese Grenzen: Frank Oswald interviewte hierzu 63- bis 96-jährige Männer. Diese gaben den Beginn des Altseins mit 72 Jahren an, gleichzeitig stufte sich keiner der Befragten selbst als …alt“ ein. Viele Befunde ergeben, wie weit verbreitet die V orstellung …Alt sind nur die anderen!“ ist. Dies zeigt sich auch darin, dass zwischen dem tatsächlichen und dem …gefühlten“ Alter bedeutsame Diskrepanzen bestehen, die sich vom mittleren Erwachsenenalter an fast durchgängig in der Unterschätzung des eigenen Alters zeigen und die umso stärker ausfallen, je älter eine Person ist.…SignaltonTeil IV Schreiben Sie eine ZusammenfassungHören Sie den folgenden Text. Fassen Sie den Hauptinhalt des Textes in etwa 150 Schriftzeichen auf Chinesisch zusammen. Diese Aufgabe ist 30 Punkte wert. Sie hören den Text nur einmal. Beim Zuhören dürfen Sie sich Notizen machen. Zu Beginn und am Schluss des Textes hören Sie jeweilseinen Signalton.SignaltonFast 16 Millionen Frauen sind in Deutschland berufstätig, und das entspricht immerhin rund 45 Prozent aller Erwerbstätigen. Doch sie verdienen durchweg weniger als ihre männlichen Kollegen. Auch wenn der Job der gleiche ist, das Geld ist es nicht. Der durchschnittliche Lohn für Frauen ist etwa 20 bis 30 Prozent niedriger als für idre männlichen Kollegen.Frauen sind überwiegend in der Dienstleistungsbranche tätig, das heißt als Pflegekräfte, Verkäuferinnen oder auch Lehrerinnen. Kaum vertreten sind sie dagegen in der Industrie oder in handwerklichen Berufen. So sind nur sechs Prozent aller Elektriker weiblich. Auch technische oder naturwissenschaftliche Berufe sind für Frauen weniger erstrebenswert – mit einer Ausnahme: bei den Ärzten.Frauen wollen einen Job und stoßen auf dem Arbeitsmarkt auf entsprechende Stellenangebote. In den vergangenen zehn Jahren nahm die Zahl der erwerbstätigen Frauen um rund 900 000 zu. Demgegenüber sank die Zahl der erwerbstätigen Männer um etwa 1,3 Millionen. Dabei spielt die Teilzeitarbeit eine immer wichtigere Rolle. Frauen können auf diese Weise Beruf und Familie besser vereinbaren.Im internationalen Vergleich spielt Teilzeit in Deutschland inzwischen eine bedeutende Rolle; lediglich die Niederlande und Großbritannien haben wirklich noch einen höheren Teilzeitanteil als Deutschland. Anders in Skandinavien, wo es einen großen Anteil Vollzeit arbeitender Frauen gibt. Das kann zum Beispiel an kulturellen Einstellungen liegen, das kann aber auch daran liegen, das zum Beispiel die Möglichkeiten zur Kinderbetreuung in Deutschland nicht so gut ausgebaut sind wie in anderen Ländern und somit gar nicht die Möglichkeit besteht, Vollzeit zu arbeiten, selbst wenn dies gewünscht sein sollte.Ein neues Phänomen gibt es bei der Arbeitslosigkeit in Deutschland. Bei Frauen beträgt sie 10,8 Prozent, bei Männern 12,5 Prozent. Obwohl Frauen weniger häufig arbeitslos sind, werden sie teilweise überdurchschnittlich von der Bundesagentur für Arbeit gefördert.Signalton答题纸核分人 计分人 总 分Teil IV Teil III Teil II Teil I 题号得分Teil I Beurteilung über richtige bzw. falsche FeststellungenIm Folgenden hören Sie einen Text. HörenSie der Tonbandaufzeichnung genau zu. Ihre Aufgabe ist, zu beurteilen, ob die Feststellungen in den folgenden Aufgaben richtig oder falsch sind. Es sind 20 Aufgaben, wobei jede Aufgabe mit einem Punkt bewertet wird. Sie hören den Text nur einmal. Zu Beginn und am Schluss des Textes hören Sie jeweils einen Signalton.1. Die Unternehmerinnen wurden vom Bundesverband der Deutschen Industrieals eine Folge des Kriegs betrachtet. F Ja F Nein2. In Deutschland arbeiten 3,7 Millionen Menschen selbständig,F Ja F Nein3. wobei rund 1,6 Millionen Frauen sind.F Ja F Nein…Teil II Füllen Sie die Lücken ausHier ist ein Text, der unvollständig undmit Lücken versehen ist. Hören Sie der Tonbandaufzeichnung genau zu. Ihre Aufgabe ist, beim Zuhören die Lücken auszufüllen. Es sind insgesamt 20得 分评分人 得 分 评分人Lücken, wobei jede Lücke mit einem Punkt bewertet wird. Sie hören den Text nur einmal. Zu Beginn und am Schluss des Textes hören Sie jeweils einen Signalton.Was in den meisten Ländern der Europäischen Union _____________________(21) ist, kommt nun auch nach Deutschland – die Campus-Maut. Im _______________(22) 2005 hatte das Bundesverfassungsgericht das Verbot von _______________________(23) aufgehoben. Mehrere Bundesländer, darunter auch Baden-Württemberg, kündigten daraufhin das Bezahlstudium für ihre Universitäten an. In Heidelberg begrüßten der _______________(24) und Universitätsrat diese Entscheidung, betonten jedoch, dass eine solche Gebühr ausschließlich den Universitäten zur …V erbesserung der Lehre“ _______________(25) kommen dürfe und außerdem _______________________(26) sein müsse.…Teil III Kreuzen Sie die richtige 得 分评分人Antwort anIm Folgenden hören Sie einen Text.Hören Sie der Tonbandaufzeichnung genau zu. Ihre Aufgabe ist, unter vier Antworten die richtige anzukreuzen. Es werden 10 Fragen gestellt. Die Antwort auf jede Frage ist drei Punkte wert. Sie hören den Text nur einmal.Zu Beginn und am Schluss des Textes hören Sie jeweils einen Signalton. Vor dem Abspielen der Tonbandaufzeichnung haben Sie etwas Zeit, die Aufgaben durchzulesen.41.Keine Altersgruppe weist so große Unterschiede in körperlichen und ________Merkmalen zwischen ihren Mitgliedern auf wie die Gruppe der …Alten“.F A. geistigenF B. biologischenF C. psychischenF D. seelischen42.Wie verlaufen die Veränderungen der Alten zwischen den einzelnenMenschen?F A. Verschieden.F B. Gleich.F C. Reibungslos.F D. Schnell.43.Gemäß den Ergebnissen von Edgar Piel aus dem Jahr 1989 beginnt dasAltsein bei Frauen mit________ Jahren und bei Männern mit 59 Jahren.F A. 65F B. 66F C. 62F D. 56…T eil IV Schreiben Sie eine Zusammenfassung 得 分评分人Hören Sie den folgenden Text. Fassen Sie den Hauptinhalt des Textes in etwa 200 Schriftzeichen auf Chinesisch zusammen. Diese Aufgabe ist 30 Punkte wert. Sie hören den Text nur einmal. Beim Zuhören dürfen Sie sich Notizen machen. Zu Beginn und am Schluss des Textes hören Sie jeweils einen Signalton.参考答案TEIL 1 共20题( 1 – 20 ), 每题1分, 满分为20分1. Ja2. Ja3. Ja4.5.6. 7. 8. 9. 10.11. 12. 13. 14. 15.16. 17. 18. 19. 20.21. 22. 23. 24. 25.26. 27. 28. 29. 30.TEIL II 共20题( 21 – 40 ), 每题1 分, 满分为20分21. selbstverständlich 22. Januar 23. Studiengebühren 24. Rektorat 25. zugute 26. sozialverträglich 27. 28.29. 30. 31. 32. …33. 34. 35. 36. …37. 38. 39. 40.TEIL III 共10题( 41 – 50 ), 每题3分, 满分为30分41. C 42. A 43. D 44. 45.46. 47. 48. 49. 50.TEIL IV参考综述: 满分为30分1．德国有1600万妇女就业，就业率占45%，但她们的工资要比同工种的男性同事少20-30%。

2006年11月劳动和社会保障部国家职业资格全国统一鉴定职业：秘书等级：国家职业资格三级卷册一：职业道德理论知识注意事项：1．考生应首先将自己的姓名、准考证号等用钢笔、圆珠笔等写在试卷册和答题卡的相应位臵上，并用铅笔填涂答题卡上的相应位臵处。

2．考生同时应将本页右上角的科目代码填涂在答题卡右上角的相应位臵处。

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地区：姓名：准考证号：第一部分职业道德（第1～25题，共25道题）一、职业道德基础理论与知识部分（第1～16题）答题指导：◆该部分均为选择题，每题均有四个备选项，其中单项选择题只有一个选项是正确的，多项选择题有两个或两个以上选项是正确的。

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（一）单项选择题（第1～8题）1．职业道德是（）A．从业人员的特定行为规范B．企业上司的指导性要求C．从业人员的自我约束D．职业纪律方面的最低要求2．关于道德与法律的关系，正确的是（）A．在内容上没有交叉B．在最终目的的指导性要求C．在实践上是相互支撑的D．在适用范围上完全一致3．道德中所谓“应该”的意思是（）A．基于社会利益，按照自己的想法行事B．考虑自己的利益需求，按照自己的想法行事C．根据实际情况，不断对办事方式做出调整D．从人际关系出发，凡是合乎人情的，就是应该的4．“科学技术是第一生产力”。

这句话的意思是（）A．除了科学技术，其他事物不属于生产力的范畴B．不掌握先进的科学技术，就相当于丧失了生产力D．科学技术对生产和经营管理具有极端重要性5．关于企业规章制度，理解正确的是（）。

11月翻译资格考题三级英语笔译实务试卷Section 1：英译汉（50 分）This month, the United Nations Development Program made water and sanitation the centerpiece of its flagship publication, the Human Development Report.Claims of a "water apartheid," where poor people pay more for water than the rich, are bound to attract attention. But what are the economics behind the problem, and how can it be fixed? In countries that have trouble delivering clean water to their people, a lack of infrastructure is often the culprit. People in areas that are not served by public utilities have to rely on costlier ways of getting water, such as itinerant water trucks and treks to wells. Paradoxically, as the water sources get costlier, the water itself tends to be more dangerous. Water piped by utilities - to the rich and the poor alike - is usually cleaner than water trucked in or collected from an outdoor tank.The problem exists not only in rural areas but even in big cities, said Hakan Bjorkman, program director of the UN agency in Thailand. Further, subsidies made tolocal water systems often end up benefiting people other than the poor, he added.The agency proposes a three-step solution. First, make access to 20 liters, or 5 gallons, of clean water a day a human right. Next, make local governments accountable for delivering this service. Last, invest in infrastructure to link people to water mains.The report says governments, especially in developing countries, should spend at least 1 percent of gross domestic product on water and sanitation. It also recommends that foreign aid be more directed toward these problems. Clearly, this approach relies heavily on government intervention, something Bjorkman readily acknowledged. But there are some market-based approaches as well.By offering cut-rate connections to poor people to the water mainline, the private water utility in Abidjan, Ivory Coast, has steadily increased access to clean water, according to the agency's report. A subsidy may not even be necessary, despite the agency's proposals, if a country can harness the economic benefits of providing clean water.People who receive clean water are much less likely to die from water-borne diseases - a common malady in the developing world - and much more likely to enjoy long, productive, taxpaying lives that can benefit their host countries. So if a government is trying to raise financing to invest in new infrastructure, it might find receptive ears in private credit markets - as long as it can harness the return. Similarly, private companies may calculate that it is worth bringing clean water to an area if its residents are willing to pay back the investment over many years.In the meantime, some local solutions are being found. In Thailand, Bjorkman said, some small communities are taking challenges like water access upon themselves. "People organize themselves in groups to leverage what little resources they have to help their communities," he said. "That's especially true out in the rural areas. They invest their money in revolving funds and saving schemes, and they invest themselves to improve their villages. "It is not always easy to take these solutions and replicate them in other countries, though. Assembling a broad menu of differentapproaches can be the first step in finding the right solution for a given region or country.Section 2：汉译英（50 分）即使遇到丰收年景，对中国来说，要用世界百分之七的耕地养活全球五分之一的人口仍是一项艰巨的任务。

北京地区成人本科学士学位英语统一考试2006年11月（A）卷Part I Reading Comprehension（30％）Passage 1Questions 1 to 5 are based on the following passage:One study shows that Americans prefer to answer with a brief ―Yes‖, ―No‖, ―Sure‖, or the very popular ―Yeah‖ rather than w ith a longer reply. (76) But brief replies do not mean Americans are impolite of unfriendly to some extent. Very often, Americans are in a hurry and may greet you with a single word ―Hi‖, indeed; this is a greeting you will hear again and again during your stay in the United States. It is used by everyone, regardless of rank, age or occupation. However, those who are accustomed to longer greetings may require a little more time before they feel comfortable with American simple talk.Americans sometimes use plain talk when they are uncomfortable. (77) If people praise them or thank them in an especially polite way, they may become uncomfortable and not know what to say in reply . They don’t want to be impolite or rude, you can be sure that they liked what was said about them. Except for certain holidays, such as Christmas, Americans don’t usually give gifts. Thus, you will find Americans embarrassed as they accept gifts, especially if they have nothing to give in return. They are generally a warm but informal people.1.The fact that Americans like shorter answers tells us ______.A.they reply very quickly in a hurryB.they choose words too carefullyC.they like replying brieflyD.they want to be as polite as they can2.Those who like using beautiful or formal words _____.A.need more time to get used to American simple greetingB.need no time to get familiar with American greetingC.do not very much like American way of greetingD.think Americans are not polite whatever3.Which of the following is NOT true?A.Americans often ans wer with the words like ―sure‖, ―yeah.‖B.They are not impolite with brief replies.C.Americans in high ranks must use formal words in greeting.D.Americans are a warm but informal people.4.The Americans like others’ praise but if in a polite way ________.A.they don’t know what to way in replyB.they feel somewhat uneasyC.they don’t want to replyD.both A and B5.The passage indicates that _______.A.Americans exchange gifts the first time they meet.B.Americans seldom give gifts except for some holidays.C.Americans often bring some gifts to their friends.D.Americans only want to get gifts from others.Passage 2Questions 6 to 10 are based on the following passage:(78) The advantages and disadvantages of a large population have long been a subject of discussion among economists (经济学家). It has been argued that the supply of good land is limited. To feed a large population, inferior land must be cultivated and the good land worded intensively. Thus, each person produces less and this means a lower average income than could be obtained with a smaller population. Other economists have argued that a large population gives more scope for specialization and the development of facilities such as ports, roads and railways, which are not likely to be built unless there is a big demand to justify them.One of the difficulties in carrying out a world-wide birth control program lies in the fact that official attitudes to population growth vary from country to country depending on the level of industrial development and the availability of food and raw materials. In the developing country where a vastly expanded population is pressing hard upon the limits of food, space and natural resources, it will be the first concern of government to place a limit on the birthrate, whatever the consequences may be. In the highly industrialized society the problem may be more complex. A decreasing birth rate may lead to unemployment because it results in a declining market for manufactured goods. (79)When the pressure of population on housing declines, prices also decline and the building industry is weakened. Faced with considerations such as these, the government of a developed country may well prefer to see a slowly increasing population, rather than one which is stable or in decline.6. A smaller population may mean _______.A.higher productivity, but a lower average incomeB.lower productivity, but a higher average incomeC.lower productivity, and a lower average incomeD.higher productivity, and a higher average income7.According to the passage, a large population will provide a chance for developing _______.A. agricultureB. transport systemC. industryD. national economy8.In a developed country, people will perhaps go out of work if the birthrate _______.A. goes upB. is decreasingC. remains stable D is out of control9.According to the passage slowly rising birthrate perhaps is good for ________.A. a developed nationB. a developing nationC. every nation with a big populationD. every nation with a small population10.It is no easy job to carry out a general plan for birth control throughout the world because______.A.there are too many underdeveloped countries in the worldB.underdeveloped countries have low level of industrial developmentC.different governments have different views about the problemD.even developed countries may have complex problemsPassage 3Questions 11 to 15 are based on the following passage:To us it seems so natural to put up an umbrella to keep the water off when it rains. But actually the umbrella was not invented as protection against rain. It was first used as a shade against the sun.Nobody knows who first invented it, but the umbrella was used in very ancient times. Probably the first to use it were the Chinese, way back in the eleventh century B.C...We know that the umbrella was also used in ancient Egypt and Babylon as a sunshade. And there was a strange thing connected with its use; it became a symbol of honor and authority. In the Far East In ancient times, the umbrella was allowed to be used only by royal people or by those in high office.In Europe, the Greeks were the first to use the umbrella as a sunshade. And the umbrella was in common use in ancient Greece. But it is believed that the first persons in Europe to use the umbrellas as protection against the rain were the ancient Romans.During the Middle Ages, the use of the umbrella practically disappeared. Then it appeared again in Italy in 16th century. And again it became a symbol of power and authority.Umbrellas have not changed much in style during all this time, though they have become much lighter in weight. (80)It wasn’t until the twentieth century that women’s umbrellas began to be made in a variety of colors.11. The first use of umbrella was as_____.A. protection against rainB. a shade against the sunC. a symbol of powerD. a symbol of honor12._____were regarded as the people who first used umbrellas.A. RomansB. GreeksC. ChineseD. Europeans13. The umbrella was used only by royal people or those in high office______.A. in European in the eighteenth centuryB. in ancient Egypt and BabylonC. in the Far East in ancient timesD. during the Milddle Ages14. According to the passage, which of the following is NOT true?A. Women enjoy using umbrella with varies kinds of colorsB. The inventor of the umbrella is unknownC. Once ordinary people had no right to use umbrellasD. Umbrellas were popular and cheap in the ancient times15. Which of the following may be the best title for the passage?A. When Was the Umbrella InventedB. The Role of Umbrella in HistoryC. The Colors and Shapes of UmbrellaD. Who Needed Umbrella FirstPart Ⅱ Vocabulary and Structure （30％）16. The news quickly spread through the village ______ the war had ended.A. whichB. whatC. thatD. where17. We hurried to the station ______ find ourselves three hours earlier for the train.A. only toB. in order toC. so as toD. such as to18. I meant ______ you , but I’m afraid I forgot.A. ringingB. being ringingC. to ringingD. to ring19. We live in a time ______, more than ever before in history, people are movingA. whatB. whenC. whichD. where20. Is there any possibility of getting the price______ further?A. reducedB. reduceC. reducingD. be reduced21. _______ you feel too ill to go out. I would rather not stay at home tonight.A. Because B Although C. Unless D. If22. Because of many mistakes, she was made ______ these letters again.A. typeB. to typingC. typedD. to type23. It is hot and dry; the flowers need ______.A. being wateredB. be wateredC. to waterD. to be watered24. He began by showing us where the country was and went on _______ us about its climate.A. tellingB. to tellC. to tellingD. to be told25. Our failure _____ ourselves to modern life often causes us trouble in our work.A. to adoptB. to applyC. to adaptD. to act26. Once _____ of the necessity of a move, he worked hard to find a new home.A. convincedB. be convincedC. convincingD. having convinced27. So many representatives _______ , the conference had to be put off.A. were absentB. to be absentC. being absentD. had been absent28. In no case _____ the students from exploring new ideas.A. we should preventB. we could preventC. should we preventD. shouldn’t prevent29. I don’t think it advisable that Tom _____ to the j ob since he has no experience.A. be assignedB. is assignedC. will be assignedD. has been assigned30. With all this work on hand, she ______ to the dance party last night.A. oughtn’t to goB. hadn’t goneC. shouldn’t have goneD. mustn’t have gone31. As Christmas was coming, the town began a ______ clearing on a large scale.A. throughB. thoroughC. thoughD. thought32. E-mail writing has became the usual means of communication _______ people some distance away.A. forB. onC. to C. with33. It is a good idea for parents to monitor the _____ as well as the kind of television that their children watch.A. numberB. sizeC. amountD. screen34. I’m afraid that there isn’t _____ for you in my car.A. placeB. seatC. cornerD. room35. It suddenly _____ to me that we could use a computer to do the job.A. happenedB. occurredC. agreedD. presented36. The old people often raise ______ for the sake of companionship.A. petsB. pipesC. pillsD. pies37. The river here is very wide but ____, so you can walk across it.A. narrowB. arrowC. shallowD. hollow38. The streets were empty ____ the policemen on duty.A. besidesB. exceptC. exceptingD. except for39. Don’t leave matches or cigarettes on the table within the _____ of little children.A. handB. reachC. spaceD. distance40. –How did you pay the workers?–As a rule , they were paid by ______.A. the hourB. an hourC. hourD. the time40.—How did you pay the workers?—As a rule, there were paid by_____.A. the hourB. an hourC. hourD. the time41.____ of the students in our class are from the north.A. Two ninthB. Second ninthC. Second ninesD. Two ninths42. My father has classes ____ day: Mondays, Wednesdays and Fridays.A. each otherB. every otherC. this and the otherD. all other43. This morning Jack came to school late____.A. than usualB. as usualC. like usualD. like usually44. I’m putting on weight. The doctor has warned me to ____sugar.A. keep upB. keep backC. keep offD. keep away45. We were ____ for half an hour in the traffic and so we arrived late.A. kept upB. held upC. cut upD. brought upPart Ⅲ Identification（10％）46. He didn’t dare to leave the house for fear someone would recognize him soon.A B C D47. You can see the whole city for miles from here in a clear day.A B C D48. He wished he didn’t tell her the truth that brought her so much pain.A B C D49. The room, which window faces the south, is the nicest one of all on this floor.A B C D50. He is a true friend of mine, whom I can always depend whenever I get into trouble.A B C D51. Let’s go and watch that mew movie at eight tonight, won’t we?A B C D52. It is very important that the students’ voice is heard by the authorities of all our schools.A B C D53. This is such a beautiful day that everyone around us feel like going out for a walk.A B C D54. We saw a big dog that was fierce and felt frightened in our way home.A B C D55. You will feel inconvenient in Japan if you can either speak Japanese nor English.A B C DPart Ⅳ Cloze （10％）In most cultures, when you meet acquaintances for the first time during a day, it is normal to greet them. The main purpose of this greeting is to 56 a good relationship between the people 57 and each language usually has 58 set phrases which can be used for this purpose. Sometimes, though, there can be 59 differences in the type of phrases which can be used, and cultural misunderstandings can easily 60. The following is a true example.A young British woman went to Hong Kong to work, and at the time of her 61 she knew nothing about the Chinese culture of language. 62 her way to school one day, she went to the bank to get some money. 63, the bank clerk asked her if she had had her lunch. She was extremely surprised 64 such a question because in the British culture it would be 65 an indirect invitation to lunch. Between unmarried young people it can also 66 the young man’s interest in dating the girl.67 this bank clerk was a complete stranger 68 the British girl, she was very much taken aback(生气), and hastily commented that she had eaten 69. After this she 70 to school and was even more surprised when one of the teachers asked the same question. By now she 71 why they asked it.73 the following days she was asked the same question again and again. Only much later 74 that the question had no real meaning 75 –it was merely a greeting.56. A. build on B. build up C. build into D. build out57. A. concerned B. concern C. concerning D. to concern58. A. a number of B. the number of C. the amount of D. an amount of59. A. considered B. considering C. considerable D. considerate60. A. raise B. raise C. arouse D. lead61. A. arrive B. arrived C. arrives D. arrival62. A. In B. To C. By D. On63. A. To her disappointment B. In her disappointmentC. To her surpriseD. In her surprise64. A. on B. at C. to D. with65. A. regarded as B. defined as C. looked as D. thought as66. A. reflect B. intend C. release D. indicate67. A. Since B. That C. Far D. With68. A. with B. by C. to D. at69. A. yet B. already C. too D. at all70. A. processed B. produced C. provided D. proceeded71. A. released B. relieved C. realized D. regretted72. A. with regards B. as to C. as if D. as far as73. A. In B. On C. At D. For74. A. she discovered B. she did discoverC. did she discoverD. does she discover75. A. above all B. after all C. in all D. at allPart Ⅴ Translation （20％）(76) But brief replies do not mean Americans are impolite of unfriendly to some extent.(77) If people praise them or thank them in an especially polite way, they may become uncomfortable and not know what to say in reply .(78) The advantages and disadvantages of a large population have long been a subject of discussion among economists (经济学家).(79) When the pressure of population on housing declines, prices also decline and the building industry is weakened.(80) It wasn’t until the twentieth century that women’s umbrellas began to be made in a variety of colors.(81) 她的工作是照看这些老人。

《三级笔译实务》1. 英译汉：文章来源为美国国务院网站，原文标题为：Beaverton: Oregon’s Most Diverse CityStroll through the farmers’ market and you will hear a plethora of languages and see a rainbow of faces. Drive down Canyon Road and stop for halal meat or Filipino pork belly at adjacent markets. Along the highway, browse the aisles of a giant Asian supermarket stocking fresh napa cabbage and mizuna or fresh kimchi. Head toward downtown and you’ll see loncheras — taco trucks — on street corners and hear Spanish bandamusic. On the city’s northern edge, you can sample Indian chaat.Welcome to Beaverton, a Portland suburb that is home to Oregon’s fastest growing immigrant population. Once a rural community, Beaverton, population 87,000, is now the sixth largest city in Oregon — with immigration rates higher than those of Portland, Oregon’s largest city.Best known as the world headquarters for athletic shoe company Nike, Beaverton has changed dramatically over the past 40 years. Settled by immigrants from northern Europe in the 19th century, today it is a place where 80 languages from Albanian to Urdu are spoken in the public schools and about 30 percent of students speak a language besides English, according to English as a Second Language program director Wei Wei Lou.Beaverton’s wave of new residents began arriving in the 1960s, with Koreans and Tejanos (Texans of Mexican origin), who were the first permanent Latinos. In 1960, Beaverton’s population of Latinos and Asians was less than 0.3 percent. By 2000, Beaverton had proportionately more Asian and Hispanic residents than the Portland metro area. Today, Asians comprise 10 percent and Hispanics 11 percent of Beaverton’s population.Mayor Denny Doyle says that many in Beaverton view the immigrants who are rapidly reshaping Beaverton as a source of enrichment. “Citizens here especially in the arts and culture community think it’s fantastic that we have all these different possibilities here,” he says.Gloria Vargas, 50, a Salvadoran immigrant, owns a popular small restaurant, Gloria’s Secret Café, in downtown Beaverton. “I love Beaverton,” she says. “I feel like I belong here.” Her mother moved her to Los Angeles as a teenager in 1973, and she moved Oregon in 1979. She landed a coveted vendor spot in the Beaverton Farmers Market in 1999. Now in addition to running her restaurant, she has one of the most popular stalls there, selling up to 200 Salvadoran tamales — wrapped in banana leaves rather than corn husks — each Saturday. “Once they buy my food, they always come back for more,” she says.“It’s pretty relaxed here,” says Taj Suleyman, 28, born and raised in Lebanon, and recently transplanted to Beaverton to start a job working with immigrants from many countries. Half Middle Eastern and half African, Suleyman says he was attracted to Beaverton specifically because of its diversity. He serves on a city-sponsored Diversity Task Force set up by Mayor Doyle.Mohammed Haque, originally from Bangladesh, finds Beaverton very welcoming. His daughter, he boasts, was even elected her high school’s homecoming queen.South Asians such as Haque have transformed Bethany, a neighborhood north of Beaverton. It is dense with immigrants from Gujarat, a state in India and primary source for the first wave of Beaverton’s South Asian immigrants.The first wave of South Asian immigrants to Beaverton, mostly Gujaratis from India, arrived in the 1960s and 1970s, when the motel and hotel industry was booming. Many bought small hotels and originally settled in Portland, and then relocated to Beaverton for better schools and bigger yards. The second wave of South Asians arrived during the high-tech boom of the 1980s, when the software industry, and Intel and Tektronix, really took off.Many of Beaverton’s Asians converge at Uwajimaya, a 30,000-square-foot supermarket near central Beaverton. Bernie Capell, former special events coordinator at Uwajimaya, says that many come to shop for fresh produce every day. But the biggest group of shoppers at Uwajimaya, she adds, are Caucasians.Beaverton’s Asian population boasts a sizable number of Koreans, who began to arrive in the late 1960s and early 1970s.According to Ted Chung, a native of Korea and Beaverton resident since 1978, three things stand out about his fellow Korean immigrants. Upon moving to Beaverton, they join a Christian church — often Methodist or Presbyterian — as a gathering place; they push their children to excel in school; and they shun the spotlight.Chung says he and his fellow Korean émigrés work hard as small businessmen — owning groceries, dry cleaners, laundromats, delis, and sushi shops — and are frugal so they can send their children to a leading university.Most recently, immigrants from Central and South America, as well as refugees from Iraq and Somalia, have joined the Beaverton community.Many Beaverton organizations help immigrants.现年50岁的格洛丽亚·巴尔加斯是萨尔瓦多移民，在比弗顿市区拥有一家生意红火的小餐馆——格洛丽亚秘密餐馆。

Section1:English-Chinese TranslationTranslate the following passage into Chinese.Freed by warming,waters once locked beneath ice are gnawing at coastal settlements around the Arctic Circle.In Bykovsky, a village of 457 residents at the tip of a fin-shaped peninsula on Russia’s northeast coast,the shoreline is collapsing,creeping closer and closer to houses and tanks of heating oil, at a rate of 15 to 18 feet, or 5 to 6 meters, a year. Eventually,homes will be lost as more ice melts each summer,and maybe all of Bykovsky, too.“It is practically all ice —permafrost —and it is thawing.” The 4 million Russian people who live north of the Arctic Circle are feeling the effects of warming in many ways. A changing climate presents new opportunities, but it also threatens their environment,the stability of their homes,and,for those whose traditions rely on the ice-bound wilderness, the preservation of their culture.A push to develop the North,quickened by the melting of the Arctic seas, carries its own rewards and dangers for people in the region.Discovery of vast petroleum fields in the Barents and Kara Seas has raised fears of catastrophic accidents as ships loaded with oil or liquefied gas churn through the fisheries off Scandinavia,headed for the eager markets of Europe and North nd that was untouched could be tainted by air and water pollution as generators, smokestacks and large vehicles sprout to support the growing energy industry.Coastal erosion is a problem in Alaska as well,forcing the United States to prepare to relocate several Inuit coastal villages at a projected cost of US$100 million or more for each one.Across the Arctic,indigenous tribes with cultural traditions shaped by centuries of living in extremes of cold and ice are noticing changes in weather and笔译实务 (英语·三级) 试卷第 1 页 (共 3 页)wildlife. They are trying to adapt, but it can be confounding.In Finnmark, the northernmost province of Norway, the Arctic landscape unfolds in late winter as an endless snowy plateau,silent but for the cries of the reindeer and the occasional whine of a snowmobile herding them.A changing Arctic is felt there, too, though in another way. “The reindeer are becoming unhappy,” said Issat Eira, a 31-year-old reindeer herder.Few countries rival Norway when it comes to protecting the environment and preserving indigenous customs. The state has lavished its oil wealth on the region, and as a result Sami culture has enjoyed something of a renaissance.And yet no amount of government support can convince Eira that his livelihood,intractably entwined with the reindeer,is not about to change.Like a Texas cattleman he keeps the size of his herd secret. But he said warmer temperatures in fall and spring are melting the top layers of snow,which then refreeze as ice,making it harder for his reindeer to dig through to the lichen they eat.“The people who are making the decisions,they are living in the south and they are living in towns,”said Eira,sitting beside a birch fire inside his lavvu, a home made of reindeer hides.“They don’t mark the change of weather.It is only people who live in nature and get resources from nature who mark it.”Section2:Chinese-English Translation(50points)Translate the following passage into English.中国为种类繁多的菜肴感到十分自豪。