汉英对照法律专业词汇(民商事通用语)

English 汉语A Resolution for Voluntary 自动清盘决议Act 作为Action 诉讼Adult 成人、成年人Affidavit 誓章Affidavit 誓章Arrestable Offence 可逮捕的罪行Assignment 转让契据Auditor 核数师Available act of Bankruptcy 可用的破产作为Bailiff 执达主任Bilingual Laws Advisory Committee 双语法例谘询委员会British Dependent Territories citizen 英国属土公民British Overseas citizen 英国海外公民Building Authority 建筑事务监督Buyer 买方certificate 证书Certificate of Compliance 满意纸Charge 扺押Chief Justice 首席大法官Commissioner 监誓员Committed For Trial 交付审判Common Law 普通法Company 公司Conditions of Exchange 换地条款Conditions of Grant 批地条款Conditions of Sale 卖地条款Consul 领事Consular Officer 领事馆官员Contract of Sale 售卖合约Co-owners 联名业主Court of Final Appeal 终审法院Creditor's Ordinary Resolution 债权人普通决议Creditor's Special Resolution 债权人会议特别决议Creditors' Voluntary Winding 债权人自动清盘Debenture 债权证Debt Provable in Bankruptcy 可证债项Deed of Mutual Covenant 大厦公契Document of Title to Goods 货品的所有权文件Easement 地役权electronic record 电子纪录electronic signature 电子签署Export 输出、出口Fault 错失Freehold 永久业权Future goods 期货Gazette 宪报Governm ent Chemist 政府化验师Governm ent Land Resumption Ordinance 收回官地条例Governm ent Lease 官地租契Group of Companies 公司集团hash function 杂凑函数Import 输入、进口Incumbrance 负累权益information system 资讯系统International court of justice 国际法院Joint Tenants 共有权益Judge 大法官Judge of the Court of Final Appeal 终审法院大法官Judgment 判决Judgment Creditor 判定债权人Judgment Debtor 判定债务人Justice, Justice of the peace 太平绅士key pair 配对密码匙land 土地Lands Tribunal 土地审裁处Law 法律、法例、法Leasehold 租用业权Legal Mortgage 法定式按揭Listed Company 上市公司Medical Practitioner 医生Members' Voluntary Winding Up 成员自动清盘Mortgage 按揭New Territories 新界Notary 公证人Oath 誓言Oath 誓言Offence 罪、罪行、罪项、犯法行为Official Receiver 破产管理署署长Order in Council 枢密院颁令Original court 原讼法院Personal Representative 遗产代理人Plaintiff 原告人Police officer 警务人员Power 权、权力Prevailing Market Rent 市值租金Principal Tenant 主租客Prison 狱、监狱Private Company 私人公司private key 私人密码匙Privy Council 枢密院Profit A Prendre 取利权Property 产权Property 财产Prospectus 招股章程public key 公开密码匙Quality of Goods 货、货品Quality of Goods 货品品质record 纪录Registrar of the Supreme Court 最高法院司法常务官Regulations 规例Repeal 废除Restrictive Covenant 限制性的约言Reversionary Title 归属主权Right Of Way 过路权或取道权Sale 售卖Secured Creditor 有抵押债权人Sell 卖、售卖、出售Seller 卖方Share 股﹑股份Sign 签名、签署Specific Goods 特定货品Statutory Declaration 法定声明Subsidiary Legislation 附属法例Summary conviction 简易程序定罪Tenants-in-common 共享权益Tenement 物业单位Territorial Waters 领海Town Planning Board 城市规划委员会Triable Summarily 可循简易程序审讯Trustee of Bankruptcy 破产受托人trustworthy system 稳当系统United Kingdom联合王国Unlisted Company 非上市公司verify a digital signature 核实数码签署Warranty 保证条款Will 遗嘱years of age 岁、年岁Abatement 减免或减轻abduction 拐带abortion 堕胎absconding 弃保潜逃Absolute assignment 绝对转让absolute discharge 无条件释放absolute liability 绝对法律责任acquit [v.] 无罪释放Act of God 天灾、神力行为adjourn 休庭、延期聆讯age of consent 同意年龄Agent 代理人aiding & abetting 教唆、煽动犯罪Arbitration 仲裁arbitration 仲裁arrest 拘捕、逮捕arrestable offence 可逮捕罪行arson 纵火Articles of Association 公司章程assault 殴打asymmetric cryptosystem 非对称密码系统Authorized share capital 法定股本Authorized signature 经授权之签名bankruptcy debt 破产债项Bearer 持票人beneficiary 受益人Board of directors 董事会Business Registration 商业登记Certificate of Origin 产地来源证certification practice statement 核证作业准则Chairman of the board of directors 董事会主席Charge 抵押Chattel 货物或实产commissioner 监誓员Company directors 公司董事Company Secretary 公司秘书Condition precedent 先决条件Conditions 批地条款Consideration 代价Contract for service 服务合约Contract for service 服务合约Conversion 侵占copyright notice 版权通知Cost, insurance, freight CIFCounter-offer 反要约Creditor 债权人creditors' committee 债权人委员会creditors' meeting 债权人的会议damage 损害damages 损害赔偿debt provable in bankruptcy or provable debt 可证债权或可证债项debtor 债务人deed 契据digital signature 数码签署discharge 解除dispute resolution 和调解纠纷dividend 股息dormant 匿名或不活动drawee 受票人drawer 发票人economic rights 经济权Equal Opportunity Commission 平等机会委员会Equitable Charge 公义式扺押Equitable Mortgage 公义式按揭Forfeiture 没收租权intellectual property rights 知识产权interim order 临时命令Interm eddling 干预死者的遗产Law Reform Commission 法律改革委员会Legal Charge 法定式扺押licensing agreem ent 许可合同moral rights 精神权利nominee 代名人Nominee's Report 代名人报告notary 公证人Official Receiver 破产管理署署长ordinary resolution 普通决议parallel import 平行进口patent 专利Payable at sight 见票即付Payee 受款人property 财产proposal 建议registered design registration 注册外观设计Registered Medical Practitioner 注册医生Secretary for Justice 律政司司长secured creditor 有抵押债权人short term patent 短期专利。

汉英法律专业词汇(法理、法制史、宪法学、民商法学、经济法学、刑法学、行政法学)!!法学理论、法制史、宪法学Jurisprudence, History of Legal Systems and Constitution按照法律规定according to law按照确定的份额分享权力:be entitled to rights in proportion to his pr oper share of the credit按照确定的份额分担义务:assume obligations in proportion to his prope r share of the debt案例教学法case system案例汇编case book; case report; law report柏拉图 Plato《保护人权与基本自由公约》(1950) Convention for the Protection of Hu man Rights and Fundamental Freedoms, 1950 （罗）被视为be deemed as被宣布为非法be outlawed; be declared illegal比较法comparative law比较法学comparative jurisprudence比较法学派school of comparative jurisprudence比较法制史 comparative legal history比较分析法method of comparative analysis比较刑法comparative penal law比较刑法学comparative penal jurisprudence必然因果关系positive causal relationship边缘法学borderline jurisprudence变通办法adaptation; accommodation补充规定supplementary provision补救办法remedial measures不成文法unwritten law不成文宪法unwritten constitution不动产所在地法律 law of the place where the real property is situate d; lex loci rei immobilisci不可分割的权利impartible right不可抗力 force majuere不可侵犯性inviolability不可让与性inalienability不履行法律义务non-performance of obligation不要式行为informal act不要因的法律行为non-causal juristic act不因实效而丧失的权利imprescriptible right不作为abstain from an act; act of omission部门法department law部门规章regulation参照 consult参照具体情况 in the light of actual conditions参照原文 consult the original查士丁尼法典 Code Justinian; Codex Justinianus查士丁尼法规汇编 Authenticum超出法律范围的 outside of law超出法律权限的 extralegal超过权限 exceed authority; beyond jurisdiction成文法 written law成文宪法 written constitution冲突法 conflict of laws; rules of conflict冲突规则 conflict rule; rule of conflict除（本法）另有规定外 except for otherwise stipulated (by this law)除外条款 provisory clause除外责任条款 exclusion clause触犯公共利益 encroach on the public interests触犯国际利益go against the state’s interests触犯人民利益 encroach on the interests of the people; go against the people’s interests传统法律观念 traditional ideas of law纯粹法学 pure theory of law次要法规 by law次要规则 secondary rule从宽解释原则 doctrine of liberal construction从权利 accessory right达到法定年龄 come of age大法 the fundamental law大法官 Lord High Chancellor大法官法院Court of Chancery大陆法系 Continental Legal System大律师 barrister《大明律》Criminal Law of the Ming Dynasty （中）大陪审团 grand jury《大清律例》the Criminal Laws of the Qing Dynasty (中)《大宪章》(1215) Great Charter, 1215(英)单行法规 specific regulations单一法律体系 unitary legal system单一制政府 unitary government但书 proviso当代法学动向current trend of jurisprudence当然解释 natural interpretation党纪国法party discipline and the law of the country道德规范norm of morality道德义务 moral obligation《德国民法典》German Civil code德拉古 Draco地方各级人民代表大会local people’s congresses at different levels地方各级人民法院local people’s courts at different levels地方各级人民检察院local people’s procuratorates at different levels 地方各级人民政府local people’s governments at different levels第二读 second reading第三读 third reading二元论the dualistic theory二元君主立宪制 dual constitutional monarchy system二元论 the dualistic theory二元论者dualist二元制 bicameral system法的本质 the nature of law法的变化changes of law法的定义definition of law法的发展development of law法的分类 divisions of law法的概念concepts of law法的规范作用normalized usage of law法的继承succession of law法的精神 spirit of law法的可预测性foreseeability of law法的类型types of law法的历史类型的更替 the replacement of one historical mode of law byanother法的历史渊源 historical origin of law法的连续性continuity of law法的内容contexts of law法的社会作用 social usage of law法的生效operation of law法的实现realization of law法的特征character of law法的现象legal phenomenon法的消亡 withering away of law法的形式渊源formal source of law法的要素elements of law法的渊源source of law法的职能function of law法的作用role of law法典code; statute book法典编纂 codification of codes法定成年人的年龄age of majority; legal age 法定程序legal procedure法定处罚statutory penalty法定代理人: agent ad litem法定解释statutory interpretation法定量刑情节 legally prescribed circumstances of sentencing法定年龄 legal age; lawful age法定年龄限制 a statutory age limit法定期间 prescribed time法定期限 legal term法定权利 legal right; right entitled by law法定权限 limits of power prescribed by law法定人数 quorum法定日 appointed day法定时间 appointed time法定时效 statutory prescription法定条件 legal condition法定限制 statutory restrictions法定效力 statutory force法定刑 legally-prescribed punishment法定形式 legal form法定责任 statutory duty法定追溯期 time of legal memory法定最高刑 maximum statutory penalty; maximum statutory sentence 法官 judge法官的自由裁量权judge’s power of discretion法官权力范围extent of judge’s power法官心证judge’s mental impression法官中立原则 Nemo debt esse judex in propria causa法规编纂 condification of laws and regulations法规的解释 interpretation of statutes法规汇编 corpus of the laws and regulations《法国民法典》Code Civile de Francais (法)法理 jurisprudence; principle of law法理学家 jurisprudent法律保护 legal protection法律编纂 codification法律标准 legal standards法律补救 legal redress法律部门 legal department法律草案 draft regulations法律措施 legal measures法律大全 Corpus legum法律的本土化和改写 the localization and adaptiion of laws 法律的本质 essence of law法律的地位 position of law法律的定义 definition of law法律的废止 abolishment of law法律的公共秩序论 public order theory of law法律的规范性 normalization of law法律的继承 succession of law法律的理想ideal of law法律的权威 authority of law法律的失效lapse of law法律的实施administration of law; law enforcement 法律的适用application of law法律的统一 unification of law法律的推定 presumption of law法律的推理 analogy of law法律的完整性 integrity of law法律的效力范围force’s scale of law法律的效力形式force’s form of law法律的修改alteration of law法律的演进 evolutin of law法律的原理 principle of law法律地位平等equal in legal status法律对人的效力personal act of law编纂法律方法 legal methodology法律分类 classification of law法律赋予权力 authority conferred by law法律改革 law reform法律概念 legal concept法律根据 legal basis法律工作者 legal professional法律关系legal relation法律关系的运行 process of legal relation法律关系客体 object of legal relation法律关系主体 subject of legal relation法律规定provisions of law法律规范 norm of law法律规范的逻辑结构 logical structure of legal rule 法律规则体系 system of legal rules法律含义 intendment of law法律另有规定therwise stipulated by law法律现象legal phenomenon法律研究legal research法律要件 legal requirement法律依据 legal basis法律意见 legal advice法律意见书 legal opinion法律意识 law-consciousness法律意义 legal sense法律用语 legal language法律与正义先验论 a prior theory of law and justice法律渊源 source of law法律原本注释 gloss法律原理 legal doctrines法律原则 principle of legality法律援助legal aid法律约束 legal binding; legal restraint法律责任 legal responsibility法律责任的道义基础 moral basic of legal obligation法律责任的归结 imputaton of legal responsibility法律责任的认定 determination of legal responsibility法律责任的执行 enforcement of legal responsibility法律责任客体 object of legal responsibility法律责任主体 subject of legal responsibility法律哲学 philosophy of law; philosophie du droit （法）；philosophia juris法律政策 policy of the law法律职业道德 legal ethics法律指导 legal counsel法律制裁 legal sanction法律制度 regime of law; legal system法律秩序 legal order法律主体资格 capacity as a subject of law法律主张 proposition of law法律属地原则 territoriality of laws法律著述 legal literature法律专家 legal expert法律专业 legal profession法律专著和教科书 legal treatise and textbook法律咨询 legal advice法律尊严 legal sanctity法盲 legal illiterates法权 right法社会学 sociology of law法系 legal system法协会 law society法学 jurisprudence法学博士 doctor of jurisprudence法学导论 leading principles of law法学的范畴体系 the system of categories of jurisprudence法学的范畴意识 the consciousness of category of jurisprudence 法学的基石范畴 fundamental categories of jurisprudence法学方法 method of jurisprudence法学方法论 methodology of jurisprudence法学会 law society法学教科书 law textbooks法学理论 theory of law; legal theory 法学权威 an academic authority in law 法学士 bachelor of law法学体系 system of jurisprudence法学通论 first principles of law法学院 faculty of law; law school法医 forensic medicine法医学 forensic medicine法院 court法院调查 judicial investigation法院管辖权 competence of court法院管辖以外的 extrajudicial法院判决 court decision法院系统 court structure法院组织法 judicature act法则 articles法哲学 philosophy of law法制legal institution法制传统 tradition of law system法制的精神 spirit of legality法制的尊严 dignity of the legal system法制观念 legal concept法制观念淡薄 very weak in the understanding of law法制教育 legal education; education of legal system法制史 legal history; history of legal system法治 rule of law法治的机制 the mechanism of rule of law法治的要素 the element of rule of law非实质的 immaterial非营利的 non-profit非约束性条款 permissive provision废止法律 annulment of law分别管辖权 separate jurisdiction分别财产制 separation of property regime分别规定 separate provision分担责任 share the responsibility分工负责，互相配合，互相制约 divide responsibility for their own wor k; coordinate their efforts and check each other分工负责制 division of labor responsibility system分级管理 different levels holding different responsibilities分配制度 distribution system分析法理学 analytical jurisprudence否决权 power veto; veto power否认事实 denial of facts服从法律 amenable to law; subject to the law服从判决 accept a judgment符合程序 be in order符合法律 be in conformity with law符合宪法 constitutionality符合宪法的法律 constitutional law符合原则 be in conformity with the principle盖尤斯 Gaius概括裁定 general verdict概括继承 general succession干扰司法公正 interference with course of justice 刚性条款 entrenched clause刚性宪法 rigid constitution岗位责任制 post responsibility system高等法院 high court; high court of justice高度集中 highly centralize高度民主 high level of democracy高度自治权 high degree of autonomy高级法官 senior judge高级法院superior court高级人民法院Higher People’s Court高级人民检察院Higher People’s Procuratortate搁置 set aside; abeyance格式条款 clause of style公认的行为准则 established standard of conduct规避法律 in fraud of law规避义务 evade obligations规范的法律规则 normative rule of law规范法学 normative jurisprudence规范性法律文件 normalizative document of law规范性法律文件的规范化 normalization of normative legal document 国际法international law国际法学 international jurisprudence过错方 tort-feasor; wrongdoer过错推定原则 doctrine of presumption过错责任 liability for wrongs; tort liability海事法院 court of admiralty《汉穆拉比法典》 Code of Hammurabi合并条款 consolidation of provisions合法的个人财产 legal personal property合法地位 legal status合法权益 the lawful rights and interests合法行为 lawful acts; legality of purpose合宪性 constitutionality衡平法 equity衡平法规则 rule of equity衡平法学 equity jurisprudence衡平法院 Court of Chancery (美)；Court of Equity （英）后法取代前法 A later statute takes away the effect of a prior one. 后法优于前法 lex posterior derogat priori户籍所在地:the place where his residence is registered互为因果 reciprocal causation基本法 fundamental law基本法律规范 basic norm of law基本方针 basic policies基本权利和义务 basic rights and duties基本司法概念和假设 basic legal conception and assumption技术性法规 technical legal rule家庭法 family law建立法律关系create legal relations教会法 canon law《教会法大全》Corpus Juris Canonici教会法学家 decretalists解释法律的技术规则 technical rule of interpretation解释权 power of interpretation近因 immediate cause禁治产人 imbecile; interdicted person经常居住地:habitual residence经法律确认的 ascertained by law经法律许可 authorized by law经验法学 scholastic theories of law纠问式审判 trial by inspection or examination 具有法律约束力的文件 legally binding instrument 具有同等效力的 with equal authenticity具有约束力的判例 binding precedent绝对衡平法 absolute equity君主立宪制度 constitutional monarchy开罗会议 Cairo Conference凯恩斯主义 keynesianism可撤销的法律行为 revocable juristic act可让与性 alienability可用法律强制执行的 enforceable at law可预见的 foreseeable可直接适用的法律 directly applicable law可追溯的 retrospective客观条件 objective condition客观因素 objective factor客体 object扩充解释 amplified interpretation理论法理学派 theoretical jurisprudence school 理性决定说 theory of rational decision理性认识 conceptual knowledge历史法学 historical jurisprudence历史法学派 historical school of law历史解释 historical interpretation立法机构legislative body立法权 law-making power; legislative power立法委任权 legislation mandate立法效力 legislative effect立法议案 bills立法者 law-maker; legislator立宪 constitutionalism利益冲突 conflict of interests利害关系人interested person连带法律关系 joint legal relations连带责任 joint and several obligation论理解释 logical interpretation罗马法Roman Law; Jus Romanum罗马法系 Roman-Law System罗马皇帝优士丁尼一世 Justinian I罗马法理学 jurisprudential《罗马法律汇编》Roman Digest罗马法学派 school of Romanists罗马－日耳曼法系 Roman-Germanic family罗马私法 Jus Privatum逻辑解释 logical interpretation马伯里诉麦迪逊案 Marbury vs. Madison马克思主义法律理论 Marxism-leninism马克思主义法学 Marxist jurisprudence马克思主义法学家 Marxist jurist没有事实根据的 unsubstantial美国国际法协会 American Institute of International Law 美国海事法庭 Admiralty Courts of the U.S.A.美国联邦地区法院 United States district courts美国联邦法官 federal judge没有法律依据的 lawless没有判决先例的案件 case of first impression《民法大全》Corpus Juris Civilis民法典 civil code民法法系Civil-Law System民法通则: General Principles of the Civil Law民法学 science of civil law民事案件中“占有优势证据”的原则“by a preponderance of evidence” in civil cases民事权利能力:the capacity for civil rights民事权益:civil rights and interests民事诉讼法学 Civil Procedure Law民事制裁 civil punishment; civil sanction民政部门:the civil affairs department明代法规 laws and regulations of Ming Dynasty明示或默示的 express or implied默示表达 communication by implication拿破仑法典The Code Napolean内部规章 internal regulations纳妾制 concubinage南京条约 (1843) Treaty of Nanking, 1843拟制理论 fiction theory拟制买卖 mancipatio欧洲大陆法 continental law偶然权利 contingent right偶然因果关系 fortuitous causal relationship偶然因素 accidentalia偶因 accidental cause排他的权利 right to exclude all others 派生的权利 derived right派生取得 derivative acquisition判例法系 Case Law System普通法法系 Common-Law System判例法系 Case Law System判例汇编 reports; reports of judgments 普通法 common law普通法法系 Common-Law System普通法上的补偿 common-law remedy普通法上的过失 common-law negligence 普通法上的留置权 common-law lien普通法学 general jurisprudence强制办法 coercive method强制规定 mandatory provisions强制性法规 mandatory rule of law强制性条款 mandatory term侵犯财产权 property torts侵权行为法 tort law侵权责任 tortious liability清理法规 check up laws and regulations 区域性法律体系 regional system of laws取证 obtain evidence确权之诉 affirmative petitory action; cause for ownership affirmatio n确认之诉 action for confirmation; actio confessoria权威解释 authentic interpretation人法 human law, statute personalia人格减等 capitis deminutio人身不可侵犯 inviolability of the person人身非财产关系 personal non-property relations人身关系 personal relation任意解释 arbitrary interpretation《日耳曼法》Germanic law柔性宪法 flexible constitution三权分立 separation of powers善意推定 presumption of good faith商法 commercial law商法典 code of commerce社会法学 sociological jurisprudence社会关系 social relations社会规范 social regulation社会连带主义法学 social solidarism jurisprudence社会契约论 theory of social contract社会团体:social organization社会主义法学 socialist jurisprudence社会主义法制 socialist legal system; socialist rule of law 神法 divine law神权说 theory of divine right审查制度 censorship; inspection system审计监督 supervise through auditing审计监督权 power to supervise through auditing生效条款 operative clause失效法律 expired laws失效日 expiry date施行细则 implementary provisions实证主义法学派 the positivist school《十二表法》 Twelve Tables实体法 material law; substantial law实体法上的抗辩 substantial defense实体权利 substantive right实用主义法学 judicial pragmaticism实在法 positive law实在法学 positive jurisprudence实在法学派 positivist实在主义法学 positivist jurisprudence实证法学 positive jurisprudence实质条款 material stipulation实质性的瑕疵 defect of substance实质性解释 material interpretation事实的推定 presumption of fact事业单位:institution适用法律 reference to the law; applicable law适用范围 area of application; sphere of application适用中国法律:be governed by the law of PRC (The law of PRC shall app ly to)溯及既往原则 doctrine of retroactivity溯及力 retrospect; retrospective effect损害赔偿 damages梭伦 Solon弹性宪法 elastic constitution特别程序 special procedure特别但书 special proviso特别法 special law特殊主体 special subject提案motion; overture; proposal提出抗辩 raise a plea; raise a plead条约法 law of treaties同态复仇 retaliation推定合法presumption of legality停止生效cease to have effect外国法 foreign law外国法制史 foreign legal history外国人待遇 foreigner treatment完全民事权利能力:full capacity for civil conduct完全丧失行为能力的人 person entirely incapable of legal transaction 完全无行为能力 absolute disability万民法 jus gentium违法构成要件 essential condition of delict违宪 violation of constitution乌尔比安 Ulpianus无国籍人:stateless persons无条件解释 unconditional interpretation无效的法律 void law无效法律行为 void act; act without legal effect物权 property西塞罗 Marcus Tullius Cicero习惯法custom law细则 detailed rules and regulations; details by-laws狭义解释 narrow definition下文另有规定者除外 except as hereinafter provided先决条件 precedent condition; prerequisite现实主义法学 realism jurisprudence现行法律 current law; existing law限制解释 restrictive interpretation宪法的解释 interpretation of constitution宪法修正案 constitution amendment宪法学 constitutional jurisprudence相对主义法学 relativist jurisprudence新分析法学 new analytical jurisprudence新律 New Law , Novellae行为规范 code of conduct学说编纂 the Pandekta形式主义法学 formalist jurisprudence亚里士多德 Aristotle严格解释 strict interpretation严重不法行为 aggravated misconduct; gross misbehavior 严重违法 break the law on a serious scale要件 important condition; essential condition一般客体 general object一般权利能力 general legal capacity一般主体 general subject一事不再理的保证 guarantee against double jeorpardy依法办案 handle cases according to law依法独立行使职权 independent exercise of powers within the framework of the law依照法律的规定 as prescribed by law以法律为准绳 take law as the criterion依法治国 genuine rule of law; running the country according to law义务性规范 obligatory rule义务主体 subject of duty英美法系 Anglo-American Legal System永恒法 eternal law优士丁尼法典 the Codex Justinianus优士丁尼皇帝 Justinian《优士丁尼民法大全》（《国法大全》）Corpus Juris Civilis有法必依 ensure that laws are observed有法律约束力 legally binding有条件解释 conditional interpretation有效期间 time of effect; term of validity与法律规定不符 against the forms of the statute与法律相抵触的行为act going against the law域外效力 extraterritorial effect援引法律条文 invoke a legal provision（古罗马的）元老院 the Senate约束力 binding; binding effect在法律的范围内 within the law暂行条例interim regulations; provisional regulation整体法学 integrative jurisprudence正当权益 justified rights; legitimate interests正式解释 official interpretation正式渊源 formal source政法学院 institute of political science and law知法犯法 deliberately break the law执法必严ensure that law’s enforcement be strict执法人员 law enforcement officials执行权 enforcement power直接故意 actual intent; direct intent直接后果 immediate consequence直接客体 direct object直接主体 direct subject制定法 statute制宪权constituent power治外法权 extraterritoriality; extraterritorial jurisdiction 中端时效 interrupt the running of the statute of limitation 中国大陆的法律law of China’s mainland中国法制 Chinese legal system中国法制史 Chinese legal history中国特色的社会主义法制 socialist legal system with Chinese character中华法系 Chinese legal system《中华人民共和国香港特别行政区基本法》the Basic law of Hong Kong Spe cial Administrative Region of t he People’s Republic of China主要法律体系principal legal system自然法 natural law自然法学派 natural law school组成合议庭开庭审理:form a collegial panel to conduct the trial最高国家权力机关 highest organ of state power最高人民法院的解释interpretation of supreme people’s court遵循先例原则 The Doctrine of Stare汉英法律专业词汇（民商法学、经济法学）民商法学、经济法学Civil Laws, Commercial Laws and Economic Laws按照出资比例:in proportion to one’s respective contributions to the investment办理注销登记:cancel the registration被代理人:the principal被侵权人 the infringed本人名义:in one’s name标的subject matter补偿制度compensation system不动产登记制 Lot and Block System财产法 property law财产的添附 accretion of property; property accession财产抵押权 property mortgage财产继承权:the right of inheritance财产关系和人身关系:property relationships and personal relationships 财产管理人 property administrator; custodian of property财产混同 confusion; hotchpot财产留置权 encumbrance采用书面形式:in writing仓单 warehouse voucher草签合同 initial a contract; sign a referendum contract; ad referend um contract长期合同 long-term contract偿付能力 solvency capability of reimbursement超越代理权:beyond the scope of one’s power of agency撤消合同cancellation of contract撤销合同 cancel a contract; rescind a contract; avoid a contract撤销权 right of rescission; right of revocation撤销要约 revocation of offer; revoke an offer撤销遗赠 cancellation of will; revocationi of will承运人 actual fault of the carrier承运人的留置权carrier’s lien诚信原则 principle of good faith诚实信用原则:principle honesty and credibility; principle of honestr y and goodfaith; good faith principle ; bona fide principle船舶承租人 charterer船舶抵押权 right of mortgage with respect to a ship; mortage of the ship; shipmortgage船舶抵押权的设定 establishment of mortgage of the ship船舶抵押的消灭 extinguishments of the mortgage of the ship船舶抵押权登记 registration of ship mortgage船舶留置权 possessory lien; lien of ship村民委员会:the village committee惩罚性的损害赔偿 punitive damages乘人之危:take advantage of one’s unfavorable position处分财产 dispose of properties处分权 act of disposition处分原则 principle of disposition代理民事活动:be represented in civil activities by代理权终止:the expiration of one’s power of agency单独承担的责任 undivided responsibility单方法律行为unilateral obligation单方行政行为 unilateral administrative act等价有偿:making compensation for equal value对等原则 principle of reciprocity对价consideration对抗措施counter measure对人权right in personam; personal right对世权 real right; right in rem恶意串通:conspire maliciously恶意行为ill will mala fides法人 judicial person; legal body法人的权利能力 legal capacity of juristic person法人的责任能力 capacity for responsibility of juristic person 法人权限 corporate power法人人格 corporate personality法人身份 status of a legal person法人团体 corporation法人资格 corporate capacity法人组织章程:the articles of association of the legal person 负共同连带责任 liable jointly and severally负全部责任 bear all responsibilities; in all charge负有解释的义务 accountable负有连带义务的每个债务人:each of the joint debtors附带的条件 incident附带要求 contingent claim附带原因 contributory cause; inherent cause附条件的民事法律行为:conditional civil juristic acts附条件的权利 conditional right赋予权力 entitle个体工商户:individual businesses个人合伙:individual partnership各尽所能，按劳分配 from each according to his ability, to each accord ing to his needs给付定金:leave a deposit with the other party工商行政管理机关:the administrative agency for industry and commerce 公民基本义务 fundamental duties of citizens合同contract合同法 contract law合同副本 copies of the contract合同规定 contract provisions/stipulations合同履行地法 lex loci contractus合同期限contract period (or contract term)合同条款contract terms (or contract clause)合同有效期contract life合同正本 originals of the contract合伙人:partners合议制 collegial system核准登记的经营范围:within the range approved and registered恢复原状 recovery of original state; restitution; restoration of he originalconditions; retitutio in integrum集体所有制企业:an enterprise under collective ownership技术合同纠纷案件 controversy over a technology contract监护人:guardian经主管机关核准登记:approved and registered by the competent authorit y居民委员会:the neighborhood committee履行监护职责:fulfill duty of guardianship埋藏物、隐藏物:buried or concealed object买卖、出租、抵押、转让:be sold, leased, mortgaged or transferred农村承包经营户:leaseholding farm households平等主体:civil subjects with equal status企业法人被撤销:the dissolution of an enterprise as legal person企业法人分立、合并:the division and merger of an enterprise as legal person企业法人解散:disbanding of an enterprise as legal person契约自由 liberty of contract取得不当得利:profits acquired improperly and without a lawful basis 取得法人资格:be qualified as a legal person全民所有制企业:an enterprise owned by the whole people让与 alien; alienate; assign; cede让与的利益 benefit of cession让与权 benefit of cessioni设定义务的规则 rule of imposing duty设立、变更、终止民事关系:establish, change or terminate civil relatio nship所有权 ownership书面合同 a written contract双倍返还定金:repay the deposit in double双方法律行为 bilateral legal transaction擅自变更或者解除（民事法律行为）:alter or rescind one’s act arbitrar ily他物权 right over the property of another提供一定的财产作为抵押物ffer a specific property as a pledge违反合同breach of contract委托代理:entrusted agency委托代理人:an entrusted agent无过错责任 liability without negligence无民事行为能力人:a person having no capacity for civil conduct无因管理:act as manager or provide services in order to protect anot her person’s interests when he is not legally or contractually obligated to do so下落不明one’s whereabouts have been unknown限制民事行为能力人:a person with limited capacity for civil conduct 享有连带权利的每个债权人:each of the joint creditors行使代理权:exercise the power of agency宣告为无（限制）民事行为能力人:declare … to be a person to be withou t or with limited capacity for civil conduct遗失物、漂流物:lost-and-found objects, flotsam以抵押物折价或者以变卖抵押物的价款优先得到偿还:to keep the pledge to offset the debt or have priority in satisfying his claim out of the proceeds from the sale of the pledge以合法形式掩盖非法目的:perform under the guise of legitimate acts wh ich conceal illegitimate purposes以欺诈、胁迫的手段:as a result of cheating or coercion意思表示show one’s intention意思表示真实:the intention expressed is genuine优先购买的权利:a right of pre-emption优先权 priority, preemptive right有过错的一方:the erring party有连带责任的 conjunctly and severally有权向债务人追偿:have the right to claim repayment from the debto造成财产损失:cause any property loss责任能力 capacity for responsibility责任年龄 capacity of responsibility; year of discretion债的标的 object of obligation债的发生 creation of obligation债的消灭 extinction of obligation占有人有权留置该财产:the possessor shall have a lien on the property 指定代理:appointed agency执行合同 carry out a contract, execute/implement/fulfill/perform a c ontract主要办事机构:the main administrative office追偿:claim compensation from住所:domicile汉英法律专业词汇（刑法学、行政法学）刑法学、行政法学Criminal Laws and Administrative Laws帮助当事人毁灭、伪造证据罪 crime of aiding a client to destroy or forge evidence 绑架妇女儿童罪 crime of kidnapping women and children包庇、纵容黑社会性质组织罪 crime of harboring a mafia-style syndicate包庇毒品犯罪分子罪 crime of harboring drug criminals报复陷害罪case of retaliation and frame-ups必要共同犯罪 indispensable joint crime并科原则 doctrine of cumulating punishments剥夺权利deprival of rights不能犯 impossibility; unrealized offense参加恐怖活动组织罪 crime of taking part in an organization engaged in terrorist activities超越管辖权 excess of jurisdiction超越职权范围overstep one’s authority惩办和宽大相结合combine punishment with leniency惩办少数、改造多数的原则 principle of punishing the few and reforming the many 惩罚措施 punitive measure惩罚性制裁 punitive sanction惩罚与教育相结合 combination of punishment and education处以刑罚 inflict punishment处以有期徒刑 sentence to fixed-term imprisonment触犯法律 break the law; violate the law抽逃出资罪 crime of flight of capital contribution抽象行政行为 abstract administrative act出口骗税犯罪活动 criminal activities of cheating out of tax rebates in export出售伪造发票罪 crime of selling counterfeit currency出于对法律的无知 from ignorance of law出于恶意 from malevolence从轻处罚 gie a lesser punishment从重处罚 give a severer punishment。

国际商法专业词汇中英文对照A Note on the Incoterms(国际贸易术语通则解释)Absolute Advantage(亚当.斯密的绝对优势理论)Acceptance with Modifications(对邀约做出修改、变更的承诺)Acceptance(承诺/受盘)Act of State Doctrine(国家行为主义)Act of the Parties (当事人的行为)Administrative Management (经营管理)Advising and Confirming Letters of Credit(信用证的通知和确认)Agent for International Settlements(国际结算代理人)Agreement of the Parties(协议选择原则)Agriculture(农业协定)Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR解决方式)Anticipatory Breach in Common Law (普通法上预期违约)Antidumping Authority(反倾销机构)Applicability of the CISG (CISG的适用范围)Application of Home State Labor LawsExtraterritorially(内国劳工法律域外适用)Applying for a Letter of Credit(信用证的申请)Approval of Foreign Investment Applications(外国投资申请的批准)Arbitrage(套汇)Arbitration Agreement and Arbitration Clauses(仲裁协议和合同中的仲裁条款)Arbitration Tribunals(仲裁机构)Artistic Property Agreements(保护文学艺术作品的协定)Artistic Property Agreements(文学艺术品产权协定)Assignment(合同权利转让)Attorney-General(法律总顾问)Automatic Dissolution (自动散伙)Average Clauses(海损条款)Avoidance(解除)Bank Deposits(银行储蓄)Bases of Income Taxation(所得税的征税依据/基础)Battle of the Forms(形式上的分歧/冲突)Bills of Lading (提单)Branch Banking(银行的分支机构)Business Form and Registered Capital (企业形式和注册资本)Business Forms(商业组织形式)Buyer's Remedies(买方可以采取的救济措施)Carriage of Goods by Air(航空货物运输)Carriage of Goods by Sea and Marine CargoInsurance(海上货物运输及其保险)Carrier's Duties under a Bill of Lading(在提单运输方式下承运人的责任/义务)Carrier's Immunities(承运人责任/义务的豁免)Cartels (企业联合/卡特尔)Categories of Investment Projects (外国投资的项目类别)Charterparties (租船合同)Charterparties by Demise (光船出租合同)China's Fundamental Policies for Encouraging Foreign Investments(中国大陆鼓励外国投资的基本政策)Choosing the Governing Law(准据法的选择)CIF (cost, insurance and freight) (port ofdestination) (CIF成本\保险费加运费付至指定的目的港)Civil Law (民法法系)Clearance and Settlement Procedures(交换和转让程序)Collection of Documentary Bills Through Banks(银行跟单托收)Commercial Arbitration (国际商事仲裁)Commodity Arrangements(初级产品/农产品安排)Common Enterprise Liability(企业的一般责任)Common Law (普通法系)Common Procedures in Handling Bills ofExchange (汇票处理的一般程序) Common Stock (股票)Company Taxpayers(公司/法人企业纳税人)Comparative Advantage(大卫.李嘉图的比较优势理论)Comparison of Municipal Legal Systems(内国法系的比较研究)Compensation for Winding up (清算补偿)Comprehensive Agreements (综合性的协定)Compulsory Licenses(强制许可)Computation of Income(收入计算)Conformity of Goods(与合同约定相符合的货物)Consent to the Jurisdiction of the Host State(给予东道国管辖权的许可/同意)Consideration in Common Law(英美法上的对价)Contemporary International Trade Law(当代国际贸易法)Contract Law for the International Sale ofGoods(国际货物销售合同法)Contract Liability of the Agent (代理人的合同义务)Contract Liability of the Principal (委托人的合同义务)Contractual Issues Excluded from the Coverageof CISG(排除在CISG适用范围之外的合同问题)Copyrights (著作权/版权)Council for Trade-Related Aspects ofIntellectual Property Rights(与知识产权有关的理事会)Coverage of Tax Treaties(税收条约的覆盖范围)Creation of Agency (代理创立)Creditors of Partners(合伙人的债权人)Currency Crises: The Role of Monetary Policy(金融危机：货币政策的作用与地位)Currency Exchange Obligations of IMF MemberStates(国际货币基金组织成员国在外汇交易中的义务)Currency Exchange(外汇交易)Currency Support(资金/财政援助)Custom(习惯)Customs Valuation(海关估价协定)Debt Securities (债券)Decision Making within the WTO(WTO内部决定作出机制)Deficiencies in the GATT 1947 Dispute Process(关税及贸易总协定1947争端解决程序的不足)Definite Sum of Money or Monetary Unit ofAccount(确定货币的总额或者计价的货币单位)Definition and Special Features(定义和特征)Delayed Bills of Lading(提单迟延)Denial of Justice(司法不公)Development Banks (发展银行)Direct Effect(直接效力)Direct Exporting(直接出口)Directors' and Officer's Duties to theCorporation(董事和经理/首席执行官对公司的义务)Dispute Settlement(争端的解决)Dissolution by Agreement (协议解散)Dissolution by Court Order (依法院令状散伙)Dissolution of the Partnership (散伙)Distribution of Earnings and Recovery ofInvestments (收入分配和投资回收)Distribution to Shareholders (红利分配权)Doctrine of Imputability (归责原则)Documentary Formalities(文本格式要求)Double Taxation Provision(双重征税的规定)Double Taxation(双重征税)Duress (胁迫行为)Duties of Agent and Principal (代理人和委托人的义务)Duties of Agent to Principal (委托人的义务)Duties of Principal to Agent (代理人、的义务)Duty of Care in Partnership Business(对合伙事务尽心看护义务)Duty of Loyalty and Good Faith (忠诚和诚信义务)Effectiveness of an Offer(邀约/发盘的效力)Employment Laws in the European Union(欧洲联盟雇佣/劳工法)Employment Standards of the Organization forEconomic Cooperation and Development(经济合作与发展组织雇佣/劳工标准)Enforcement of Exchange Control Regulationsof IMF Member States(国际货币基金组织成员国对外汇交易管理规则的履行)Enforcement of Foreign Arbitral Awards in thePeople's Republic of China (在中华人民共和国境内外国仲裁裁决的执行)Enforcement of Foreign Judgment (外国法院判决的执行)Enforcement of Partnership Rights andLiabilities(执行合伙事务的权利和责任)Enforcement of Securities RegulationsInternationally(国际证券规则的执行)Environmental Regulation(环境规则)Escape Clause(免责条款)Euro-currency Deposits(欧洲货币储蓄)European Communities - Regime for theImportation, Sale, and Distribution of Bananas(欧洲共同体对于香蕉的进口、销售和分销的管理) European Union Law on Trade in Services(欧洲联盟关于服务贸易的法律) Exceptio non Adimpleti Contractus in CivilLaw (大陆法上履行契约之抗辩权)Exceptions(例外)Exclusive Licenses(独占许可)Excuses for Non-performance (不履行的免责)Excuses for Nonperformance(不履行合同的抗辩/借口)Exemptions for New Members from IMF MemberState Currency Exchange Obligations(国际货币基金组织新成员国在外汇交易中义务的免除) Export Restrictions (出口限制)Exporting(出口)Expropriation(征收)Extraterritorial Application of U. S.Securities Laws(美国证券法域外的适用问题)Failure to Exhaust remedies(没有用尽法律救济)Fault and Causation(过错和因果关系)Finance Ministry(财政部)Finance of International Trade(国际贸易的结算/支付)Financing Foreign Trade(对外贸易的价金支付)FOB (free on hoard) (port of shipment)(FOB装运港船上交货)Force Majeure Clauses (不可抗力条款)Foreign Investment Guarantees(外国投资的担保)Foreign Investment Laws and Codes(外国投资法)Formal and Informal Application Process(正式和非正式申请程序)Formation of the Contract(合同的成立)Forsed Endorsements(虚假背书)Fraud Exception in Letters of CreditTransaction (信用证交易的欺诈例外) Frauds on Bills of Lading(提单欺诈)Fraudulent Misrepresentation(受欺诈的误解)Free Zones(保税区/自由贸易区)Fundamental Breach(根本违约)GATS Schedules of Specific Commitments(服务贸易总协定减让表中的特别承诺)General Agreement on Trade in Services (服务贸易总协定)General Requirements and Rights of the Holderin Due Course(票据持有人的一般要求和权利)General Standards of Performance(履行的一般标准)Geographic Limitations(地区限制)Government Controls over Trade (政府对贸易的管制)Government Guarantees(政府担保)Governmental Interest(政府利益原则)Governmental Sources of Capital(官方资金)Grant Back Provisions(回授的规定)Home state Regulation of MultinationalEnterprises(本国对跨国企业的管理)Host State Regulation of MultinationalEnterprises(东道国对跨国企业的管理)Illegality and Incompetency(行为不合法性与主体不适当资格的认定)IMF "Conditionality"(国际货币基金组织的制约性)IMF Facilities(国际货币基金组织的机制)IMF Operations(国际货币基金组织的运作)IMF Quotas(国际货币基金的份额)Immunities of States from the Jurisdiction ofMunicipal Courts(国家豁免于内国法院的管辖权)Import-Licensing Procedures(进口许可证程序协定)Income Categories(收入分类)Income Tax Rates(所得税税率)Income Taxes(所得税)Independence Principles and Rule of StrictCompliance (信用证独立原则和单证严格相符规则)Indirect Exporting(间接出口)Industrial Property Agreements (保护工业产权的协定)。

汉英法律专业词汇1. 引言本文档旨在整理汉英法律专业常用的词汇，以供学习和参考之用。

法律领域的专业术语对于翻译、理解和分析法律文件至关重要。

通过掌握这些词汇，读者将能更好地理解法律文件，并在跨文化交流中进行有效的沟通。

2. 法律制度和组织•法律制度：Legal system•宪法：Constitution•刑法：Criminal law•民法：Civil law•行政法：Administrative law •国际法：International law •司法体系：Judicial system •最高法院：Supreme Court •刑事诉讼：Criminal procedure •民事诉讼：Civil procedure •诉讼程序：Legal proceedings•律师: Lawyer•法官: Judge•检察官: Prosecutor3. 合同法•合同：Contract•合同主体：Parties to a contract •订立合同：Enter into a contract •合同条款：Contract clause•无效合同：Void contract•有效合同：Valid contract•违约：Breach of contract•合同解除：Termination of contract•争议解决：Dispute resolution•法律适用：Governing law•合同违约赔偿：Contractual damages 4. 知识产权•专利：Patent•商标：Trademark•著作权：Copyright•商业秘密：Trade secret•侵权：Infringement•专利申请：Patent application•商标注册：Trademark registration•著作权登记：Copyright registration•知识产权保护：Intellectual property protection•颁发专利证书：Grant a patent certificate •撤销专利：Invalidation of a patent5. 公司法•公司：Company•股份有限公司：Limited liability company •董事会：Board of Directors•董事：Director•股东：Shareholder•公司章程：Articles of Association•注册资本：Registered capital•股权转让：Transfer of shares•股东会议：Shareholders’ meeting•公司清盘：Liquidation of a company6. 人权法•人权：Human rights•平等：Equality•自由：Freedom•法律权利：Legal rights•政治权利：Political rights•经济权利：Economic rights•社会权利：Social rights•歧视：Discrimination•言论自由：Freedom of speech•宗教自由：Freedom of religion•雇佣歧视：Employment discrimination 7. 犯罪和刑事司法•犯罪：Crime•刑事责任：Criminal liability•盗窃：Theft•谋杀：Murder•袭击：Assault•妨碍司法公正：Obstruction of justice•罚款：Fine•判刑：Sentencing•缓刑：Probation•无罪释放：Acquittal8. 婚姻和家庭法•婚姻：Marriage•离婚：Divorce•配偶：Spouse•夫妻共同财产：Marital property •孩子抚养权：Child custody•探视权：Visitation rights•婚前协议：Prenuptial agreement•家暴：Domestic violence•遗嘱：Will•遗产分配：Inheritance distribution 9. 国际法•合同国家：Contracting state•条约：Treaty•国际公约：International convention •外交豁免权：Diplomatic immunity •战争犯罪：War crimes•领土争端：Territorial dispute•领事：Consul•外交关系：Diplomatic relations•人道主义法：Humanitarian law•国际仲裁：International arbitration以上是汉英法律专业常用词汇的简要介绍，希望能为读者提供参考和学习的资料。

法律词汇汉英互译
在进行国际贸易和国际法律交流时，常常需要
进行汉英语言的互译。

找到正确的翻译，可以避
免交流中出现的误解和问题，是非常重要的事情。

本文汇总了一些常见的法律词汇，以方便您进行
汉英互译。

法律本身相关的词汇
English to Chinese (英语 - 中文)
•attorney: 律师
•court: 法庭
•judge: 法官
•lawsuit: 诉讼
•litigation: 诉讼
Chinese to English (中文 - 英语)
•律师: lawyer
•法庭: court
•法官: judge
•诉讼: lawsuit
•诉讼: litigation
合同相关的词汇
English to Chinese (英语 - 中文)•contract: 合同
•agreement: 协议
•breach of contract: 违约•terms and conditions: 条款和条件•termination: 终止
Chinese to English (中文 - 英语)•合同: contract
•协议: agreement。

法律专业词汇中英对照(e,f,g)
法律专业词汇中英对照(e,f,g)法律专业词汇中英对照(e,f,g)ejectment 不动产侵害令状
en banc 法院全体法官共同审理
equatible right衡平上的权利
equatible defence 衡平抗辩
estate 遗产
ex post facto 溯及既往
expert witness 专家证人
express mention 明示其一排除其他原则
expressio unius est exclusio alterius 明示其一排除其他原则exclusive jurisdiction 排他的管辖权
exclusionary rule 证据排除法则
eyre system 巡回制度
felony 重罪
foreman of jury 陪审团主席
forms of action 严格的诉讼形式
forum 法院
fountain of all justices 正义的源泉
freehould interest in land 对土地有完全权利者
general assumpsit 不当得利令状general jurisdiction 一般管辖权geografhic jurisdiction 地域管辖权grand jury 大陪审团
法律专业词汇中英对照(e,f,g) 相关内容:。

民商法学、经济法学法律英语专业词汇民商法学、经济法学法律英语专业词汇民商法学：Civil Laws经济法学：Commercial Laws and Economic Laws按照出资比例：in proportion to one’s respective contributions to the investment 办理注销登记：cancel the registration被代理人：the principal被侵权人：the infringed本人名义：in one’s name标的：subject matter补偿制度：compensation system不动产登记制：Lot and Block System财产法：property law财产的添附：accretion of property;property accession财产抵押权：property mortgage财产继承权：the right of inheritance财产关系和人身关系：property relationships and personal relationships财产管理人：property administrator;custodian of property财产混同：confusion;hotchpot财产留置权：encumbrance采用书面形式：in writing仓单：warehouse voucher草签合同：initial a contract;sign a referendum contract;ad referendum contract 长期合同：long-term contract偿付能力：solvency capability of reimbursement超越代理权：beyond the scope of one’s power of agency撤消合同：cancellation of contract撤销合同：cancel a contract;rescind a contract;avoid a contract撤销权：right of rescission;right of revocation撤销要约：revocation of offer;revoke an offer撤销遗赠：cancellation o will;revocationi of will承运人：actual fault of the carrier承运人的留置权：carrier’s lien诚信原则：principle of good faith诚实信用原则：principle honesty and credibility;principle of honestry and good faith;good faith principle;bona fide principle船舶承租人：charterer船舶抵押权：right of mortgage with respect to a ship;mortage of the ship;ship mortgage船舶抵押权的设定：establishment of mortgage of the ship船舶抵押的消灭：extinguishments of the mortgage of the ship 船舶抵押权登记：gistration of ship mortgage船舶留置权：possessory lien;lien of ship村民委员会：the village committee惩罚性的损害赔偿；punitive damages乘人之危：take advantage of one’s unfavorable position处分财产：dispose of properties处分权：act of disposition处分原则：principle of disposition代理民事活动：be represented in civil activities by代理权终止：the expiration of one’s power of agency单独承担的责任：undivided responsibility单方法律行为：unilateral obligation单方行政行为：unilateral administrative act等价有偿：making compensation for equal value对等原则：principle of reciprocity对价：consideration对抗措施：counter measure对人权：right in personam;personal right对世权：real right;right in rem恶意串通：conspire maliciously恶意行为：ill will mala fides法人：judicial person;legal body法人的权利能力：legal capacity of juristic person法人的责任能力：capacity for responsibility of juristic person 法人权限：corporate power法人人格：corporate personality法人身份：status of a legal person法人团体：corporation法人资格：corporate capacity法人组织章程：the articles of association of the legal person负共同连带责任：liable jointly and severally负全部责任：bear all responsibilities;in all charge负有解释的义务：accountable负有连带义务的每个债务人：each of the joint debtors附带的条件：incident附带要求：contingent claim附带原因；contributory cause;inherent cause附条件的民事法律行为：conditional civil juristic acts附条件的权利：conditional right赋予权力：entitle个体工商户：individual businesses个人合伙：individual partnership各尽所能，按劳分配：from each according to his ability,to each according to his needs给付定金：leave a deposit with the other party工商行政管理机关：the administrative agency for industry and commerce公民基本义务：fundamental duties of citizens合同：contract合同法：contract law合同副本：copies of the contract合同规定：contract provisions/stipulations合同履行地法：lex loci contractus合同期限：contract period(or contract term)合同条款：contract terms(or contract clause)合同有效期：contract life合同正本：originals of the contract合伙人：partners合议制：collegial system核准登记的经营范围：within the range approved and registered恢复原状：recovery of original state;restitution;restoration of he original conditions;retitutio in integrum集体所有制企业：an enterprise under collective ownership技术合同纠纷案件：controversy over a technology contract监护人：guardian经主管机关核准登记：approved and registered by the competent authority居民委员会：the neighborhood committee履行监护职责：fulfill duty of guardianship埋藏物、隐藏物：buried or concealed object买卖、出租、抵押、转让：be sold,leased,mortgaged or transferred农村承包经营户：leaseholding farm households平等主体：civil subjects with equal status企业法人被撤销：the dissolution of an enterprise as legal person企业法人分立、合并：the division and merger of an enterprise as legal person 企业法人解散：disbanding of an enterprise as legal person契约自由：liberty of contract取得不当得利：profits acquired improperly and without a lawful basis取得法人资格：be qualified as a legal person全民所有制企业：an enterprise owned by the whole people让与：alien;alienate;assign;cede让与的利益：benefit of cession让与权：benefit of cessioni设定义务的规则：rule of imposing duty设立、变更、终止民事关系：establish,change or terminate civil relationship所有权：ownership书面合同：a written contract双倍返还定金：repay the deposit in double双方法律行为：bilateral legal transaction擅自变更或者解除（民事法律行为）：alter or rescind one’s act arbitrarily他物权：right over the property of another提供一定的财产作为抵押物：offer a specific property as a pledge违反合同：breach of contract委托代理：entrusted agency委托代理人：an entrusted agent无过错责任：liability without negligence无民事行为能力人：a person having no capacity for civil conduct无因管理：act as manager or provide services in order to protect another person’s interests when he is not legally or contractually obligated to do so下落不明：one’s whereabouts have been unknown限制民事行为能力人：a person with limited capacity for civil conduct享有连带权利的每个债权人：each of the joint creditors行使代理权：exercise the power of agency宣告为无（限制）民事行为能力人：declare…to be a person to be without or with limited capacity for civil conduct遗失物、漂流物：lost-and-found objects,flotsam以抵押物折价或者以变卖抵押物的价款优先得到偿还：to keep the pledge to offset the debt or have priority in satisfying his claim out of the proceeds from the sale of the pledge以合法形式掩盖非法目的：perform under the guise of legitimate acts which conceal illegitimate purposes以欺诈、胁迫的手段：as a result of cheating or coercion意思表示：show one’s intention意思表示真实：the intention expressed is genuine优先购买的权利：a right of pre-emption优先权：priority,preemptive right有过错的一方：the erring party有连带责任的：conjunctly and severally有权向债务人追偿：have the right to claim repayment from the debto造成财产损失：cause any property loss责任能力：capacity for responsibility责任年龄：capacity of responsibility;year of discretion债的标的：object of obligation债的发生：creation of obligation债的消灭：extinction of obligation占有人有权留置该财产：the possessor shall have a lien on the property指定代理：appointed agency执行合同：carry out a contract,execute/implement/fulfill/perform acontract主要办事机构：the main administrative office 追偿：claim compensation from住所：domicile。

完整版)法律专业英语词汇Part 1: 刑法词汇1.罪犯（criminal）：犯罪行为的实施者。

2.杀人（murder）：故意造成他人死亡的行为。

3.盗窃（theft）：非法占有他人财产的行为。

4.强奸（rape）：非法性侵他人的行为。

5.纵火（arson）：故意放火的行为。

6.敲诈（___）：以暴力或威胁手段获取财产的行为。

7.走私（smuggling）：非法将商品或物品携带入境或出境。

8.贩毒（drug trafficking）：非法交易毒品或在毒品交易中参与。

9.偷税漏税（___）：通过欺诈手段逃避缴纳税款。

10.洗钱（money laundering）：将非法获取的资金合法化。

Part 2: 民事法词汇1.合同（contract）：双方达成的书面或口头协议，产生法律效力。

2.索赔（claim）：要求对方支付损失或赔偿的权利。

3.诉讼（n）：通过法律程序解决争端。

4.侵权（infringement）：侵犯他人权益或利益的行为。

5.损害赔偿（n）：对因他人行为受到损害的一方支付的补偿款项。

6.法定继承人（legal heir）：根据法律规定，有权继承遗产的人。

7.执行（enforcement）：将法律判决或裁决强制执行的行为。

8.违约（breach of contract）：不履行或违反合同中规定的义务。

9.诉讼费用（n costs）：诉讼过程中产生的费用，如律师费、鉴定费等。

10.司法鉴定（judicial appraisal）：法院指定的专门机构对相关事实或证据进行鉴定。

Part 3: 行政法词汇1.行政机关（administrative organ）：政府管理机关，行使行政权力。

2.行政处罚（administrative penalty）：行政机关根据法律或法规对违法行为采取的处罚措施。

3.行政许可（administrative license）：行政机关根据法律或法规对特定行为发出的批准文件。

1、民法通则： General Principles of the Civil Law 2、民事权益：civil rights and interests 3、平等主体：civil subjects with equal status 4、财产关系和⼈⾝关系：property relationships and personal relationships 5、等价有偿：making compensation for equal value 6、诚实信⽤：honesty and credibility 7、适⽤中国法律：be governed by the law of PRC （The law of PRC shall apply to） 8、法律另有规定：otherwise stipulated by law 9、⽆国籍⼈：stateless persons 10、民事权利能⼒：the capacity for civil rights 11、完全民事权利能⼒：full capacity for civil conduct 12、限制民事⾏为能⼒⼈：a person with limited capacity for civil conduct 13、⽆民事⾏为能⼒⼈：a person having no capacity for civil conduct 14、法定代理⼈： agent ad litem 15、代理民事活动：be represented in civil activities by 16、监护⼈：guardian 17、户籍所在地：the place where his residence is registered 18、住所：domicile 19、经常居住地：habitual residence 20、居民委员会：the neighborhood committee 21、村民委员会：the village committee 22、民政部门：the civil affairs department 23、履⾏监护职责：fulfill duty of guardianship 24、承担责任：be held responsible 25、造成财产损失：cause any property loss 26、宣告为⽆（限制）民事⾏为能⼒⼈：declare … to be a person to be without or with limited capacity for civil conduct 27、下落不明 one's whereabouts have been unknown 28、个体⼯商户：individual businesses 29、农村承包经营户：leaseholding farm households 30、个⼈合伙：individual partnership 31、合伙⼈：partnerss 32、承担民事责任：bear civil liability for 33、按照出资⽐例：in proportion to one's respective contributions to the investment 34、承担连带责任：undertake joint liability for 35、追偿：claim compensation from 36、法⼈： legal person 37、法⼈组织章程：the articles of association of the legal person 38、主要办事机构：the main administrative office 39、全民所有制企业：an enterprise owned by the whole people 40、集体所有制企业：an enterprise under collective ownership 41、经主管机关核准登记：approved and registered by the competent authority 42、⼯商⾏政管理机关：the administrative agency for industry and commerce 43、核准登记的经营范围：within the range approved and registered 44、企业法⼈分⽴、合并：the division and merger of an enterprise as legal person 45、权利和义务：the rights and obligations 46、办理注销登记：cancel the registration 47、企业法⼈解散：disbanding of an enterprise as legal person 48、企业法⼈被撤销：the dissolution of an enterprise as legal person 49、事业单位：institution 50、社会团体：social organization 51、经济实体：economic entity 52、取得法⼈资格：be qualified as a legal person 53、意思表⽰真实：the intention expressed is genuine 54、擅⾃变更或者解除（民事法律⾏为）：alter or rescind one's act arbitrarily 55、以欺诈、胁迫的⼿段：as a result of cheating or coercion 56、乘⼈之危：take advantage of one's unfavorable position 57、以合法形式掩盖⾮法⽬的：perform under the guise of legitimate acts which conceal illegitimate purposes 58、具有法律约束⼒：be legally binding 59、请求⼈民法院或者仲裁机关予以变更：request a people's court or an arbitration agency to alter 60、恶意串通：conspire maliciously 61、有过错的⼀⽅：the erring party 62、附条件的民事法律⾏为：conditional civil juristic acts 63、委托代理：entrusted agency 64、法定代理：statutory agency 65、指定代理：appointed agency 66、委托代理⼈：an entrusted agent 67、被代理⼈：the principal 68、⾏使代理权：exercise the power of agency 69、采⽤书⾯形式：in writing 70、超越代理权：beyond the scope of one's power of agency 71、代理权终⽌：the expiration of one's power of agency 72、本⼈名义：in one's name 73、查封、扣押、冻结、没收：seize， encroach upon， privately divide， destroy or illegally seal up， distrain，freeze or confiscate 74、财产继承权：the right of inheritance 75、优先购买的权利：a right of pre-emption 76、埋藏物、隐藏物：buried or concealed object 77、遗失物、漂流物：lost-and-found objects， flotsam 78、买卖、出租、抵押、转让：be sold， leased， mortgaged or transferred 79、设⽴、变更、终⽌民事关系：establish， change or terminate civil relationship 80、按照确定的份额分享权⼒：be entitled to rights in proportion to his proper share of the credit 81、按照确定的份额分担义务：assume obligations in proportion to his proper share of the debt 82、享有连带权利的每个债权⼈：each of the joint creditors 83、负有连带义务的每个债务⼈：each of the joint debtors 84、有权向债务⼈追偿：have the right to claim repayment from the debtor 85、提供⼀定的财产作为抵押物：offer a specific property as a pledge 86、以抵押物折价或者以变卖抵押物的价款优先得到偿还：to keep the pledge to offset the debt or have priority in satisfying his claim out of the proceeds from the sale of the pledge 87、给付定⾦：leave a deposit with the other party 88、双倍返还定⾦：repay the deposit in double 89、占有⼈有权留置该财产：the possessor shall have a lien on the property 90、将合同的权利、义务全部或部分转让给第三⼈：transfer all or part of its contractual rights or obligations to a third party 91、取得不当得利：profits acquired improperly and without a lawful basis 92、⽆因管理：act as manager or provide services in order to protect another person's interests when he is not legally or contractually obligated to do so。

汉英法律专业词汇(法理、法制史、学、民商法学、经济法学、刑法学、行政法学)!!法学理、法制史、学Jurisprudence, History of Legal Systems and Constitution按照法律规定according to law按照确定的份额分享权利:be entitled to rights in proportion to his pr oper share of the credit按照确定的份额分担义务:assume obligations in proportion to his prope r share of the debt案例教学法case system案例汇编case book; case report; law report柏拉图 Plato?保护与根本公约?(1950) Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms, 1950 〔罗〕被视为be deemed as被宣布为be outlawed; be declared illegal比拟法parative law比拟法学parative jurisprudence比拟法学派sool of parative jurisprudence比拟法制史 parative legal history比拟分析法method of parative analysis比拟刑法parative penal law比拟刑法学parative penal jurisprudence必然因果关系positive causal relationship边缘法学borderline jurisprudence变通adaptation; acmodation补充规定splementary provision补救remedial measures不成文法unwritten law不成文unwritten constitution不动产所在地法律 law of the place where the real property is situate d; lex loci rei immobilisci不可分割的权利impartible right不可抗力 force majuere不可进犯性inviolability不可让与性inalienability不履行法律义务non-performance of obligation不要式行为informal act不要因的法律行为non-causal juristic act不因实效而丧失的权利imprescriptible right不作为abstain from an act; act of omission部门法department law部门规章regulation参照 consult参照详细情况 in the light of actual conditions参照原文 consult the original查士丁尼 Code Justinian; Codex Justinianus查士丁尼法规汇编 Authenticum超出法律范围的 outside of law超出法律权限的 extralegal超过权限 exceed authority; beyond jurisdiction成文法 written law成文 written constitution冲突法 conflict of laws; rules of conflict冲突规那么 conflict rule; rule of conflict除〔本法〕另有规定外 except for otherwise stipulated (by this law)除外条款 provisory clause除外责任条款 exclusion clause触犯公共利益 encroa on the public interests触犯国际利益go against the state’s interests触犯人民利益 encroa on the interests of the people; go against the p eople’s interests传统法律观念 traditional ideas of law纯粹法学 pure theory of law次要法规 by law次要规那么 secondary rule从宽解释原那么 doctrine of liberal construction从权利 accessory right到达法定年龄 e of age大法 the fundamental law大法官 Lord High ancellor大法官Court of ancery大陆法系 Continental Legal System大律师 barrister?大明律?Criminal Law of the Ming Dynasty 〔中〕大陪审团 grand jury?大清律例?the Criminal Laws of the Qing Dynasty (中)?大宪章?(1215) Great arter, 1215(英)单行法规 specific regulations单一法律体系 unitary legal system单一制 unitary government但书 proviso当代法学动向current trend of jurisprudence当然解释 natural interpretation纪国法party discipline and the law of the country道德norm of morality道德义务 moral obligation?德国民?German Civil code德拉古 Draco地方各级人民local people’s congresses at different levels地方各级人民local people’s courts at different levels地方各级人民检察院local people’s procuratorates at different levels 地方各级人民local people’s govern ments at different levels第二读 second reading第三读 third reading二元the dualistic theory二元君主立宪制 dual constitutional monary system二元 the dualistic theory二元者dualist二元制 bicameral system法的本质 the nature of law法的变化anges of law法的定义definition of law法的开展development of law法的分类 divisions of law法的概念concepts of law法的作用normalized usage of law法的继承succession of law法的精 spirit of law法的可性foreseeability of law法的类型types of law法的历史类型的更替 the replacement of one historical mode of law byanother法的历史渊源 historical origin of law法的连续性continuity of law法的内容contexts of law法的社会作用 social usage of law法的生效operation of law法的实现realization of law法的特征aracter of law法的现象legal phenomenon法的消亡 withering away of law法的形式渊源formal source of law法的要素elements of law法的渊源source of law法的职能function of law法的作用role of lawcode; statute book编纂 codification of codes法定成年人的年龄age of majority; legal age 法定程序legal procedure法定处分statutory penalty法定代理人: agent ad litem法定解释statutory interpretation法定量刑情节 legally prescribed circumstances of sentencing 法定年龄 legal age; lawful age法定年龄限制 a statutory age limit法定间 prescribed time法定限 legal term法定权利 legal right; right entitled by law法定权限 limits of power prescribed by law法定人数 quorum法定日 appointed day法定时间 appointed time法定时效 statutory prescription法定条件 legal condition法定限制 statutory restrictions法定效力 statutory force法定刑 legally-prescribed punishment法定形式 legal form法定责任 statutory duty法定追溯 time of legal memory法定刑 um statutory penalty; um statutory sentence法官 judge法官的裁量权judge’s power of discretion法官权利范围extent of judge’s power法官心证judge’s mental impression法官中立原那么 Nemo debt esse judex in propria causa法规编纂 condification of laws and regulations法规的解释 interpretation of statutes法规汇编 corpus of the laws and regulations?法国民?Code Civile de Francais (法)法理 jurisprudence; principle of law法理学家 jurisprudent法律保护 legal protection法律编纂 codification法律 legal standards法律补救 legal redress法律部门 legal department法律草案 draft regulations法律措施 legal measures法律大全 Corpus legum法律的外乡化和改写 the localization and adaptiion of laws 法律的本质 essence of law法律的地位 position of law法律的定义 definition of law法律的废止 abolishment of law法律的公共秩序 public order theory of law法律的性 normalization of law法律的继承 succession of law法律的理想ideal of law法律的权威 authority of law法律的失效lapse of law法律的施行administration of law; law enforcement 法律的适用application of law法律的统一 unification of law法律的推定 presumption of law法律的推理 analogy of law法律的完好性 integrity of law法律的效力范围 fo rce’s scale of law法律的效力形式force’s form of law法律的修改alteration of law法律的演进 evolutin of law法律的原理 principle of law法律地位平等equal in legal status法律对人的效力personal act of law编纂法律 legal methodology法律分类 classification of law法律赋予权利 authority conferred by law法律改革 law reform法律概念 legal concept法律根据 legal basis法律工作者 legal professional法律关系legal relation法律关系的运行 process of legal relation法律关系客体 object of legal relation法律关系主体 subject of legal relation法律规定provisions of law法律 norm of law法律的逻辑构造 logical structure of legal rule 法律规那么体系 system of legal rules法律含义 intendment of law法律另有规定therwise stipulated by law法律现象legal phenomenon法律研究legal resear法律要件 legal requirement法律根据 legal basis法律 legal advice法律书 legal opinion法律意识 law-consciousness法律意义 legal sense法律用语 legal language法律与正义先验 a prior theory of law and justice法律渊源 source of law法律本来注释 gloss法律原理 legal doctrines法律原那么 principle of legality法律援助legal aid法律约束 legal binding; legal restraint法律责任 legal responsibility法律责任的道义根底 moral basic of legal obligation法律责任的归结 imputaton of legal responsibility法律责任的认定 determination of legal responsibility法律责任的执行 enforcement of legal responsibility法律责任客体 object of legal responsibility法律责任主体 subject of legal responsibility法律哲学 philosophy of law; philosophie du droit 〔法〕；philosophia juris法律政策 policy of the law法律职业道德 legal ethics法律指导 legal counsel法律制裁 legal sanction法律制度 regime of law; legal system法律秩序 legal order法律主体资格 capacity as a subject of law法律主张 proposition of law法律属地原那么 territoriality of laws法律著述 legal literature法律专家 legal expert法律专业 legal profession法律专著和教科书 legal treatise and textbook法律咨询 legal advice法律尊严 legal sanctity法盲 legal illiterates法权 right法社会学 sociology of law法系 legal system法协会 law society法学 jurisprudence法学博士 doctor of jurisprudence法学导 leading principles of law法学的范畴体系 the system of categories of jurisprudence法学的范畴意识 the consciousness of category of jurisprudence 法学的基石范畴 fundamental categories of jurisprudence法学 method of jurisprudence法学 methodology of jurisprudence法学会 law society法学教科书 law textbooks法学理 theory of law; legal theory法学权威 an academic authority in law 法学士 baelor of law法学体系 system of jurisprudence法学通 first principles of law法学院 faculty of law; law sool法医 forensic medicine法医学 forensic medicinecourt调查 judicial investigation辖权 petence of court辖以外的 extrajudicial判决 court decision系统 court structure组织法 judicature act法那么 articles法哲学 philosophy of law法制legal institution法制传统 tradition of law system法制的精 spirit of legality法制的尊严 dignity of the legal system法制观念 legal concept法制观念淡薄 very weak in the understanding of law法制教育 legal education; education of legal system法制史 legal history; history of legal system法治 rule of law法治的机制 the meani of rule of law法治的要素 the element of rule of law非本质的 immaterial非营利的 non-profit非约束性条款 permissive provision废止法律 annulment of law分别辖权 separate jurisdiction分别财产制 separation of property regime分别规定 separate provision分担责任 share the responsibility分工负责互相配合互相制约 divide responsibility for their own work; c oordinate their efforts and eck ea other分工负责制 division of labor responsibility system分级理 different levels holding different responsibilities分配制度 distribution system分析法理学 analytical jurisprudence否决权 power veto; veto power否认 denial of facts服从法律 amenable to law; subject to the law 服从判决 accept a judgment符合程序 be in order符合法律 be in conformity with law符合 constitutionality符合的法律 constitutional law符合原那么 be in conformity with the principle 盖尤斯 Gaius概括裁定 general verdict概括继承 general succession干扰公正 interference with course of justice 刚性条款 entrened clause刚性 rigid constitution岗位责任制 post responsibility system高等 high court; high court of justice高度集中 highly centralize高度 high level of democracy高度自治权 high degree of autonomy高级法官 senior judge高级serior court高级人民Higher People’s Court高级人民检察院Higher People’s Procuratortate搁置 set aside; abeyance格式条款 clause of style公认的行为准那么 established standard of conduct躲避法律 in fraud of law躲避义务 evade obligations的法律规那么 normative rule of law法学 normative jurisprudence性法律 normalizative document of law性法律的化 normalization of normative legal document 国际法international law国际法学 international jurisprudence过错方 tort-feasor; wrongdoer过错推定原那么 doctrine of presumption过错责任 liability for wrongs; tort liability海事 court of admiralty?汉穆拉比? Code of Hammurabi合并条款 consolidation of provisions合法的个人财产 legal personal property合法地位 legal status合法权益 the lawful rights and interests合法行为 lawful acts; legality of purpose合宪性 constitutionality衡平法 equity衡平法规那么 rule of equity衡平法学 equity jurisprudence衡平 Court of ancery (美)；Court of Equity 〔英〕后法取代前法 A later statute takes away the effect of a prior one. 后法优于前法 lex posterior derogat priori户籍所在地:the place where his residence is registered互为因果 reciprocal causation根本法 fundamental law根本法律 basic norm of law根本方针 basic policies根本权利和义务 basic rights and duties根本概念和假设 basic legal conception and assumption技术性法规 tenical legal rule家庭法 family law建立法律关系create legal relations法 canon law?法大全?Corpus Juris Canonici法学家 decretalists解释法律的技术规那么 tenical rule of interpretation解释权 power of interpretation近因 immediate cause禁治产人 imbecile; interdicted person经常居住地:habitual residence经法律确认的 ascertained by law经法律答应 authorized by law经历法学 solastic theories of law纠问式审讯 trial by inspection or examination 具有法律约束力的 legally binding instrument 具有同等效力的 with equal authenticity具有约束力的判例 binding precedent绝对衡平法 absolute equity君主立宪制度 constitutional monary开罗会议 Cairo Conference凯恩斯 keynesiani可撤销的法律行为 revocable juristic act可让与性 alienability可用法律强迫执行的 enforceable at law可预见的 foreseeable可直接适用的法律 directly applicable law可追溯的 retrospective客观条件 objective condition客观因素 objective factor客体 object扩大解释 amplified interpretation理法理学派 theoretical jurisprudence sool 理性说 theory of rational decision理性认识 conceptual knowledge历史法学 historical jurisprudence历史法学派 historical sool of law历史解释 historical interpretation立法机构legislative body立法权 law-making power; legislative power 立法委任权 legislation mandate立法效力 legislative effect立法议案 bills立法者 law-maker; legislator立宪 constitutionali利益冲突 conflict of interests利害关系人interested person连带法律关系 joint legal relations连带责任 joint and several obligation理解释 logical interpretation罗马法Roman Law; Jus Romanum罗马法系 Roman-Law System罗马皇帝优士丁尼一世 Justinian I罗马法理学 jurisprudential?罗马法律汇编?Roman Digest罗马法学派 sool of Romanists罗马－日耳曼法系 Roman-Germanic family罗马私法 Jus Privatum逻辑解释 logical interpretation马伯里诉麦迪逊案 Marbury vs. Madison法律理 Marxi-lenini法学 Marxist jurisprudence法学家 Marxist jurist没有根据的 unsubstantial国际法协会 American Institute of International Law 海事法庭 Admiralty Courts of the U.S.A.联邦地区 United States district courts联邦法官 federal judge没有法律根据的 lawless没有判决先例的案件 case of first impression?民法大全?Corpus Juris Civilis民 civil code民法法系Civil-Law System民法通那么: General Principles of the Civil Law民法学 science of civil law民事案件中“占有优势证据〞的原那么“by a preponderance of evidence 〞 in civil cases民事权利才能:the capacity for civil rights民事权益:civil rights and interests民事诉讼法学 Civil Procedure Law民事制裁 civil punishment; civil sanction门:the civil affairs department明代法规 laws and regulations of Ming Dynasty明示或默示的 express or implied默示表达 munication by implication拿破仑The Code Napolean规章 internal regulations纳妾制 concubinage南京条约 (1843) Treaty of Nanking, 1843拟制理 fiction theory拟制买卖 mancipatio欧洲大陆法 continental law偶尔权利 contingent right偶尔因果关系 fortuitous causal relationship偶尔因素 accidentalia偶因 accidental cause排他的权利 right to exclude all others 派生的权利 derived right派生获得 derivative acquisition判例法系 Case Law System普通法法系 mon-Law System判例法系 Case Law System判例汇编 reports; reports of judgments 普通法 mon law普通法法系 mon-Law System普通法上的补偿 mon-law remedy普通法上的过失 mon-law negligence普通法上的留置权 mon-law lien普通法学 general jurisprudence强迫 coercive method强迫规定 mandatory provisions强迫性法规 mandatory rule of law强迫性条款 mandatory term进犯财产权 property torts侵权行为法 tort law侵权责任 tortious liability清理法规 eck laws and regulations区域性法律体系 regional system of laws取证 obtain evidence确权之诉 affirmative petitory action; cause for ownership affirmatio n确认之诉 action for confirmation; actio confessoria权威解释 authentic interpretation人法 human law, statute personalia人格减等 capitis deminutio人身不可进犯 inviolability of the person人身非财产关系 personal non-property relations人身关系 personal relation任意解释 arbitrary interpretation?日耳曼法?Germanic law柔性 flexible constitution三权分立 separation of powers好心推定 presumption of good faith商法 mercial law商 code of merce社会法学 sociological jurisprudence社会关系 social relations社会 social regulation社会连带法学 social solidari jurisprudence社会契约 theory of social contract社会团体:social organization法学 socialist jurisprudence法制 socialist legal system; socialist rule of law 法 divine law权说 theory of divine right审查制度 censorship; inspection system审计监视 servise through auditing审计监视权 power to servise through auditing生效条款 operative clause失效法律 expired laws失效日 expiry date施行细那么 implementary provisions实证法学派 the positivist sool?十二表法? Twelve Tables实体法 material law; substantial law实体法上的抗辩 substantial defense实体权利 substantive right实用法学 judicial pragmatici实在法 positive law实在法学 positive jurisprudence实在法学派 positivist实在法学 positivist jurisprudence实证法学 positive jurisprudence本质条款 material stipulation本质性的瑕疵 defect of substance本质性解释 material interpretation的推定 presumption of fact事业:institution适用法律 reference to the law; applicable law适用范围 area of application; sphere of application适用中国法律:be governed by the law of PRC (The law of PRC shall app ly to)溯及既往原那么 doctrine of retroactivity溯及力 retrospect; retrospective effect损害赔偿 damages梭伦 Solon弹性 elastic constitution特别程序 special procedure特别但书 special proviso特别法 special law特殊主体 special subject提案motion; overture; proposal提出抗辩 raise a plea; raise a plead条约法 law of treaties同态复仇 retaliation推定合法presumption of legality停顿生效cease to have effect外国法 foreign law外国法制史 foreign legal history外国人待遇 foreigner treatment完全民事权利才能:full capacity for civil conduct完全丧失行为才能的人 person entirely incapable of legal transaction 完全无行为才能 absolute disability万民法 jus gentium构成要件 essential condition of delict违宪 violation of constitution乌尔比安 Ulpianus无国籍人:stateless persons无条件解释 unconditional interpretation无效的法律 void law无效法律行为 void act; act without legal effect物权 property西塞罗 Marcus Tullius Cicero习惯法custom law细那么 detailed rules and regulations; details by-laws狭义解释 narrow definition下文另有规定者除外 except as hereinafter provided先决条件 precedent condition; prerequisite现实法学 reali jurisprudence现行法律 current law; existing law限制解释 restrictive interpretation的解释 interpretation of constitution修正案 constitution amendment学 constitutional jurisprudence相对法学 relativist jurisprudence新分析法学 new analytical jurisprudence新律 New Law , Novellae行为 code of conduct学说编纂 the Pandekta形式法学 formalist jurisprudence亚里士多德 Aristotle严格解释 strict interpretation严重不法行为 aggravated misconduct; gross misbehavior 严重 break the law on a serious scale要件 important condition; essential condition一般客体 general object一般权利才能 general legal capacity一般主体 general subject一事不再理的保证 guarantee against double jeorpardy依法办案 handle cases according to law依法行使职权 independent exercise of powers within the framework of the law按照法律的规定 as prescribed by law以法律为准绳 take law as the criterion依法治国 genuine rule of law; running the country according to law义务性 obligatory rule义务主体 subject of duty英美法系 Anglo-American Legal System永久法 eternal law优士丁尼 the Codex Justinianus优士丁尼皇帝 Justinian?优士丁尼民法大全?〔?国法大全?〕Corpus Juris Civilis有法必依 ensure that laws are observed有法律约束力 legally binding有条件解释 conditional interpretation有效间 time of effect; term of validity与法律规定不符 against the forms of the statute与法律相抵触的行为act going against the law域外效力 extraterritorial effect援引法律条文 invoke a legal provision〔古罗马的〕元老院 the Senate约束力 binding; binding effect在法律的范围内 within the law暂行interim regulations; provisional regulation整体法学 integrative jurisprudence正当权益 justified rights; legitimate interests正式解释 official interpretation正式渊源 formal source政法学院 institute of political science and law知法犯法 deliberately break the law执法必严 ensure that law’s enforcement be strict执法人员 law enforcement officials执行权 enforcement power直接成心 actual intent; direct intent直接后果 immediate consequence直接客体 direct object直接主体 direct subject制定法 statute制宪权constituent power治外法权 extraterritoriality; extraterritorial jurisdiction 中端时效 interrt the running of the statute of limitation 中国大陆的法律law of ina’s mainland中国法制 inese legal system中国法制史 inese legal history中国特色的法制 socialist legal system with inese aracter中华法系 inese legal system?特别行政区根本法?the Basic law of Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People’s Republic of ina主要法律体系principal legal system自然法 natural law自然法学派 natural law sool组成合议庭开庭审理:form a collegial panel to conduct the trial权利 highest organ of state power人民的解释 interpretati on of sreme people’s court遵循先例原那么 The Doctrine of Stare汉英法律专业词汇〔民商法学、经济法学〕民商法学、经济法学Civil Laws, mercial Laws and Economic Laws按照出资比例:in proportion to one’s respective contributions to the investment注销登记:cancel the registration被代理人:the principal被侵权人 the infringed本人名义:in one’s name标的subject matter补偿制度pensation system不动产登记制 Lot and Block System财产法 property law财产的添附 accretion of property; property accession财产抵押权 property mortgage财产继承权:the right of inheritance财产关系和人身关系:property relationships and personal relationships 财产理人 property administrator; custodian of property财产混淆 confusion; hotpot财产留置权 encumbrance采用书面形式:in writing仓单 warehouse vouer草签合同 initial a contract; sign a referendum contract; ad referend um contract长合同 long-term contract偿付才能 solvency capability of reimbursement超越代理权:beyond the scope of one’s power of agency撤消合同cancellation of contract撤销合同 cancel a contract; rescind a contract; avoid a contract撤销权 right of rescission; right of revocation撤销要约 revocation of offer; revoke an offer撤销遗赠 cancellation of will; revocationi of will承运人 actual fault of the carrier承运人的留置权carrier’s lien诚信原那么 principle of good faith老实信誉原那么:principle honesty and credibility; principle of hones try and goodfaith; good faith principle ; bona fide principle船舶承租人 arterer船舶抵押权 right of mortgage with respect to a ship; mortage of the ship; shipmortgage船舶抵押权的设定 establishment of mortgage of the ship船舶抵押的消灭 extinguishments of the mortgage of the ship船舶抵押权登记 registration of ship mortgage船舶留置权 possessory lien; lien of ship村民会:the village mittee惩罚性的损害赔偿 punitive damages乘人之危:take advantage of one’s unfavorable position处分财产 dispose of properties处分权 act of disposition处分原那么 principle of disposition代理民事活动:be represented in civil activities by代理权终止:the expiration of one’s power of agency单独承当的责任 undivided responsibility单律行为unilateral obligation单方行政行为 unilateral administrative act等价有偿:making pensation for equal value对等原那么 principle of reciprocity对价consideration对抗措施counter measure对right in personam; personal right对世权 real right; right in rem恶意串通:conspire maliciously恶意行为ill will mala fides法人 judicial person; legal body法人的权利才能 legal capacity of juristic person法人的责任才能 capacity for responsibility of juristic person 法限 corporate power法人人格 corporate personality法人身份 status of a legal person法人团体 corporation法人资格 corporate capacity法人组织章程:the articles of association of the legal person 负共同连带责任 liable jointly and severally负全部责任 bear all responsibilities; in all arge负有解释的义务 accountable负有连带义务的每个债务人:ea of the joint debtors附带的条件 incident附带要求 contingent claim附带原因 contributory cause; inherent cause附条件的民事法律行为:conditional civil juristic acts附条件的权利 conditional right赋予权利 entitle个体工商户:individual businesses个人合伙:individual partnership各尽所能按劳分配 from ea according to his ability, to ea according t o his needs给付定金:leave a deposit with the other party工商行政理:the administrative agency for industry and merce公民根本义务 fundamental duties of citizens合同contract合同法 contract law合同副本 copies of the contract合同规定 contract provisions/stipulations合同履行地法 lex loci contractus合同限contract period (or contract term)合同条款contract terms (or contract clause)合同有效contract life合同正本 originals of the contract合伙人:partners合议制 collegial system核准登记的经营范围:within the range approved and registered恢复原状 recovery of original state; restitution; restoration of he originalconditions; retitutio in integrum集体所有制企业:an enterprise under collective ownership技术合同纠纷案件 controversy over a tenology contract监护人:guardian经主核准登记:approved and registered by the petent authority居民会:the neighborhood mittee履行监护职责:fulfill duty of guardianship埋藏物、隐藏物:buried or concealed object买卖、出租、抵押、转让:be sold, leased, mortgaged or transferred农村承包经营户:leaseholding farm households平等主体:civil subjects with equal status企业法人被撤销:the dissolution of an enterprise as legal person企业法人分立、合并:the division and merger of an enterprise as legal person企业法人解散:disbanding of an enterprise as legal person契约 liberty of contract获得不当得利:profits acquired improperly and without a lawful basis 获得法人资格:be qualified as a legal person全民所有制企业:an enterprise owned by the whole people让与 alien; alienate; assign; cede让与的利益 benefit of cession让与权 benefit of cessioni设定义务的规那么 rule of imposing duty设立、变更、终止民事关系:establish, ange or terminate civil relations hip所有权 ownership书面合同 a written contract双倍返还定金:repay the deposit in double双律行为 bilateral legal transaction擅自变更或者解除〔民事法律行为〕:alter or rescind one’s act arbitrar ily他物权 right over the property of another提供一定的财产作为抵押物ffer a specific property as a pledge违背合同brea of contract委托代理:entrusted agency委托代理人:an entrusted agent无过错责任 liability without negligence无民事行为才能人:a person having no capacity for civil conduct无因理:act as manager or provide services in order to protect another person’s interests when he is not legally or contractually obligated to do so下落不明one’s whereabouts have been unknown限制民事行为才能人:a person with limited capacity for civil conduct 享有连带权利的每个债权人:ea of the joint creditors行使代理权:exercise the power of agency宣告为无〔限制〕民事行为才能人:declare … to be a person to be withou t or with limited capacity for civil conduct遗失物、漂流物:lost-and-found objects, flotsam以抵押物折价或者以变卖抵押物的价款优先得到归还:to keep the pledge to offset the debt or have priority in satisfying his claim out of the proceeds from the sale of the pledge以合法形式掩盖目的:perform under the guise of legitimate acts whi co nceal illegitimate purposes以欺诈、胁迫的手段:as a result of eating or coercion意思表示show one’s intention意思表示:the intention expressed is genuine优先购置的权利:a right of pre-emption优先权 priority, preemptive right有过错的一方:the erring party有连带责任的 conjunctly and severally有权向债务人追偿:have the right to claim repayment from the debto造成财产损失:cause any property loss责任才能 capacity for responsibility责任年龄 capacity of responsibility; year of discretion债的标的 object of obligation债的发生 creation of obligation债的消灭 extinction of obligation占有人有权留置该财产:the possessor shall have a lien on the property 指定代理:appointed agency执行合同 carry out a contract, execute/implement/fulfill/perform a c ontract主要办事机构:the main administrative office追偿:claim pensation from住所:domicile汉英法律专业词汇〔刑法学、行政法学〕刑法学、行政法学Criminal Laws and Administrative Laws帮助当事人消灭、伪造证据罪 crime of aiding a client to destroy or forge evidence 妇儿童罪 crime of kidnapping women and ildren包庇、纵容性质组织罪 crime of harboring a mafia-style syndicate包庇犯罪分子罪 crime of harboring drug criminals报复case of retaliation and frame-s必要共同犯罪 indispensable joint crime并科原那么 doctrine of cumulating punishments剥夺权利deprival of rights不能犯 impossibility; unrealized offense参加恐惧活动组织罪 crime of taking part in an organization engaged in terrorist activities超越辖权 excess of jurisdiction超越职权范围overstep one’s authority惩罚和宽大相结合bine punishment with leniency惩罚少数、改造多数的原那么 principle of punishing the few and reforming the many 惩罚措施 punitive measure惩罚性制裁 punitive sanction惩罚与教育相结合 bination of punishment and education处以刑罚 inflict punishment处以有徒刑 sentence to fixed-term imprisonment触犯法律 break the law; violate the law抽逃出资罪 crime of flight of capital contribution抽象行政行为 abstract administrative act出口骗税犯罪活动 criminal activities of eating out of tax rebates in export伪造罪 crime of selling counterfeit currency出于对法律的无知 from ignorance of law出于恶意 from malevolence从轻处分 gie a lesser punishment从重处分 give a severer punishment罪 crime of bribe taken by a unit单一犯罪构成 single constitution of crime盗伐林木罪 crime of illegally opping down trees; crime of illegally felling trees盗窃、抢夺支、弹药、物罪 crime of stealing or seizing guns, ammunition or explosives盗窃犯 theft act; larcenist渎职犯罪案件case of dereliction of duty对象不能犯 object impossibility屡次作案 repeatedly mit crimes罚不当罪 punishment does not fit the crime犯意 criminal intent; mens real犯罪低龄化 lowering ages of criminal offenders犯罪动机 criminal motive犯罪构成 constitution of a crime; constitutive elements of a crime犯罪构成要件 special constitutive elements of crime犯罪成心 criminal intent; guilty intent; meas rea犯罪集团 criminal gang; criminal gro犯罪客观要件 objective circumstances of a crime犯罪客体 criminal object; object of a crime犯罪实行终了 pletion of a criminal act犯罪学 criminology。

法律常用术语分类中英对照法律常用术语【（一）、法令】rule 条例law 法律criminal law 刑法interpret 解释（法律）the legislature 立法机构the legal system/ the judicial system/ court system 法律体系【(二)、主体】the judge 法官the lawyer 律师（总称）the jury 陪审团the juror 陪审团成员the prosecutor（刑事案件）原告人；检察官，公诉人；the plaintiff (民事案件) 原告人the injured party/victim被害人witness/eyewitness 见证人，目击者the prosecution 原告及其代理律师；代表原告的律师the accused/defendant 被告人the defense lawyer/counselor 被告辩护律师【（三）、违法】【案件种类】case 案件crime - criminal adj.a criminal case 刑事案件a civil case民事案件【行为/罪名--criminal behavior】guilt n. [Antonym] innocence guilty adj. [Antonym]innocentguilty of a crime/chargeinnocent of a crime/chargecommit a crime violate a criminal lawmurder 谋杀罪 first-degree murder (deliberately)一级谋杀罪；故意杀人罪manslaughter (not intentionally) 一般杀人罪；过失杀人罪forgery 伪造罪 sexual harassment 性骚扰malfeasance 渎职罪criminal: n. 罪犯 a convicted criminal ：one who has been judged guilty in a court of law a hardened criminal ：someone who has committed many crimes stab v. 用刀具行凶，捅，刺 to kill or hurt someone by pushing a knife or other sharp object into their body stab someone to death 刺死flick knife /switch blade/knife 弹簧刀mug v. =rob 抢劫 to attack someone in a public place and steal their money, jewellery, or other possessions 【（四）、程序】【逮捕】arrestpick up ：to arrest someone and take them away in a car 【调查】investigationconduct a criminal investigation intocriminal proceedings ：the process of examining a crime in a court of lawcross-examination 【诉讼】find someone guilty/not guilty ofsomething :officially decide that they are guilty/not guiltyto be charged with/to be accused ofto accuse sb. of certain crimecharge v. to charge sb. with certain crime be charged with (doing) sth e.g. They are the jury forthe trial of a boy charged with murdering his father.prosecute -prosecution n. to prosecute sb. for sth. face prosecution overto bring a prosecution against sb. 对…提起诉讼escape prosecutioncriminal charges ：official statements saying that sb is accused by the police of committing a crime claim v. to say that someone’s actions are the cause of something 【法庭种类】a criminal court刑事法庭,e.g. The scene is a jury room in a criminal court.a civil court 民事法庭children’s court 少年法庭The Supreme Court 最高法院【监督】supervise 监督【作证】to testify v.作证 to make a statement about something you saw, know, or experienced, usually in a court of law testify for/against someone testimony 证词proofdefinite proof provide the proofpresent the proofevidence 证据，证物 to identify 鉴别flimsy adj. not very reliable flimsy evidence accurate adj. correct or true in every detail unshakable adj. 不可动摇的 self-contradiction 自相矛盾alibi n. 不在场的证据 someone who has an alibi can prove that they were somewhere else when a crime was committed and so can claim to be not guilty 【庭审】question v.questi on/suspect sb’s motive【辩护】to defend sb为…辩护to refute 反驳--refutable adj.--refutation n. 【陪审团讨论】the jury 陪审团a grand jury 大陪审团the juror 陪审团成员the jury room 陪审室discuss - discussion 讨论proposal 提议vote 投票abstain v. 弃权vote for/in favor of/againsttake a preliminary vote e.g. I think it’s customary to take a preliminary voteanalyze 分析assume v. 假定ballot n. 无记名投票to argue with 争论agreement 一致意见disagreement 反对意见a reasonable doubtto hang the jury: to make the jury unable to reach a unanimous decisiondeclare a hung juryreach a unanimous decisionbe deemed innocent/guilty 被认为无罪/有罪prove innocent/guilty 被证明无罪/有罪【审判】guilty/ not guilty(innocent)trial/ the jury trial 审判a fair trialset free / acquitted 无罪释放admit v. agree that something is true 承认plead guilty to something : say that you areguilty e.g. He pleaded guilty to all charges. 【（五）、处罚--punishment】【场所】reform school 感化院,jail/ prison n.监狱【方式】jail v. to put someone in jail to be in jailjail someone for somethinggo/ be sent to jailto serve a jail termbe executedthe executionerto pull the switchto send sb. to the chair =send someone to the electric chair /to sentence sb. to be electrocuted 电刑 to sentence sb. to death give the sentence 施刑get out of jail 【其他】have the right to do 有权 on behalf of 代表draft 法案，草案 Government bill 政府议案 to pass a bill, to carry a bill 通过议案 to enact a law, to promulgate a law 颁布法律 ratification, confirmation 批准 law enforcement 法律的实施to come into force 生效 decree 法令 clause 条款minutes 备忘录 report 判例汇编 codification 法律汇编legislation 立法 legislator 立法者 jurist 法学家jurisprudence 法学 legitimation 合法化 legality, lawfulness 法制，合法 legal, lawful 合法的,依法的 to contravene a law, to infringe a law, to break a law 违法 outlaw, outside the law 超出法律范围的 offender 罪犯 to abolish 废止，取消 rescission, annulment 废除，取消 repeal, revocation, annulment 废除(法律)cancellation, annulment, invalidation 废除(合同) cancellation (支票)作废 annulment 撤消(遗嘱) repeal rescission 撤消(判决) revocation 撤消immunity 豁免，豁免权 disability, legal incapacity 无资格 nonretroactive character 不溯既往性 prescription 剥夺公权 attainder 公民权利的剥夺和财产的没收constitutional law 宪法 canon law 教会法规 common law 习惯法 criminal law 刑法 administrative law 行政法civil law 民法 commercial law, mercantile law 商法 law of nations 万国公法，国际法 international law 国际法natural law 自然法 labour laws 劳工法 fiscal law 财政法 Civil Suit Law, Code of civil law 民事诉讼法Military Law 军法 Conscript Law 兵役法Copyright Law 著作权法 penal code 刑法典 code of mercantile law 商法典 civil rights 民事权利，公民权利right of asylum 避难权 human rights, rights of man 人权 (customs) duties 关税 death duty, death tax 遗产税royalties 版税。

法律常用术语【（一）、法令】◆rule 条例◆law 法律◆criminal law 刑法◆interpret 解释（法律）◆the legislature 立法机构◆the legal system/ the judicial system/ court system法律体系【(二)、主体】◆the judge 法官◆the lawyer律师（总称）◆the jury陪审团◆the juror陪审团成员◆the prosecutor（刑事案件）原告人；检察官，公诉人；◆the plaintiff (民事案件) 原告人◆the injured party/victim 被害人◆witness/eyewitness 见证人，目击者◆the prosecution 原告及其代理律师；代表原告的律师◆the accused/defendant 被告人◆the defense lawyer/counselor 被告辩护律师【（三）、违法】【案件种类】◆case 案件◆crime - criminal adj.◆a criminal case 刑事案件◆a civil case 民事案件【行为/罪名--criminal behavior】◆guilt n. [Antonym] innocenceguilty adj. [Antonym]innocentguilty of a crime/chargeinnocent of a crime/chargecommit a crimeviolate a criminal law◆murder 谋杀罪first-degree murder (deliberately)一级谋杀罪；故意杀人罪manslaughter (not intentionally) 一般杀人罪；过失杀人罪◆forgery 伪造罪sexual harassment 性骚扰malfeasance 渎职罪◆criminal: n. 罪犯a convicted criminal ：one who has been judged guilty in a court of lawa hardened criminal ：someone who has committed many crimes◆stab v. 用刀具行凶，捅，刺to kill or hurt someone by pushing a knife or other sharp object into their bodystab someone to death 刺死flick knife /switch blade/knife 弹簧刀◆mug v. =rob抢劫to attack someone in a public place and steal their money, jewellery, or other possessions【（四）、程序】【逮捕】◆arrest◆pick up ：to arrest someone and take them away in a car【调查】◆investigationconduct a criminal investigation into◆criminal proceedings ：the process of examining a crime in a courtof law◆cross-examination【诉讼】◆find someone guilty/not guilty of something :officially decide thatthey are guilty/not guilty◆to be charged with/to be accused ofto accuse sb. of certain crime◆charge v.to charge sb. with certain crimebe charged with (doing) sthe.g. They are the jury for the trial of a boy charged with murdering his father.◆prosecute -prosecution n.to prosecute sb. for sth.face prosecution overto bring a prosecution against sb. 对…提起诉讼escape prosecution◆criminal charges ：official statements saying that sb is accusedby the police of committing a crime◆claim v. to say that someone’s actions are the cause of something 【法庭种类】◆a criminal court 刑事法庭,e.g. The scene is a jury room in a criminal court.◆a civil court 民事法庭◆children’s court 少年法庭◆The Supreme Court 最高法院【监督】◆supervise监督【作证】◆to testify v.作证to make a statement about something you saw, know, or experienced, usually in a court of lawtestify for/against someonetestimony证词◆proofdefinite proofprovide the proofpresent the proof◆evidence 证据，证物to identify 鉴别◆flimsy adj. not very reliableflimsy evidenceaccurate adj. correct or true in every detailunshakable adj. 不可动摇的self-contradiction 自相矛盾◆alibi n. 不在场的证据someone who has an alibi can prove that they were somewhere else when a crime was committed and so can claim to be not guilty【庭审】◆question v.◆question/suspect sb’s motive【辩护】◆to defend sb 为…辩护◆to refute 反驳--refutable adj.--refutation n.【陪审团讨论】◆the jury陪审团◆a grand jury 大陪审团◆the juror陪审团成员◆the jury room 陪审室◆discuss - discussion讨论◆proposal 提议◆vote 投票◆abstain v. 弃权◆vote for/in favor of/against◆take a preliminary votee.g. I think i t’s customary to take a preliminary vote◆analyze 分析◆assume v. 假定◆ballot n. 无记名投票◆to argue with 争论◆agreement 一致意见◆disagreement 反对意见◆a reasonable doubt◆to hang the jury: to make the jury unable to reach a unanimousdecision◆declare a hung jury◆reach a unanimous decision◆be deemed innocent/guilty 被认为无罪/有罪◆prove innocent/guilty被证明无罪/有罪【审判】◆guilty/ not guilty(innocent)◆trial/ the jury trial审判◆a fair trial◆set free / acquitted 无罪释放◆admit v. agree that something is true 承认◆plead guilty to something : say that you are guiltye.g. He pleaded guilty to all charges.【（五）、处罚--punishment】【场所】◆reform school 感化院,◆jail/ prison n.监狱【方式】◆jail v. to put someone in jailto be in jailjail someone for somethinggo/ be sent to jailto serve a jail term◆be executedthe executionerto pull the switch◆to send sb. to the chair =send someone to the electric chair /tosentence sb. to be electrocuted电刑to sentence sb. to deathgive the sentence 施刑◆get out of jail【其他】◆have the right to do 有权◆on behalf of 代表draft 法案，草案Government bill 政府议案to pass a bill, to carry a bill 通过议案to enact a law, to promulgate a law 颁布法律ratification, confirmation 批准law enforcement 法律的实施to come into force 生效decree 法令clause 条款minutes 备忘录report 判例汇编codification 法律汇编legislation 立法legislator 立法者jurist 法学家jurisprudence 法学legitimation 合法化legality, lawfulness 法制，合法legal, lawful 合法的,依法的to contravene a law, to infringe a law, to break a law 违法outlaw, outside the law 超出法律范围的offender 罪犯to abolish 废止，取消rescission, annulment 废除，取消repeal, revocation, annulment 废除(法律)cancellation, annulment, invalidation 废除(合同) cancellation (支票)作废annulment 撤消(遗嘱)repeal rescission 撤消(判决)revocation 撤消immunity 豁免，豁免权disability, legal incapacity 无资格nonretroactive character 不溯既往性prescription 剥夺公权attainder 公民权利的剥夺和财产的没收constitutional law 宪法canon law 教会法规common law 习惯法criminal law 刑法administrative law 行政法civil law 民法commercial law, mercantile law 商法law of nations 万国公法，国际法international law 国际法natural law 自然法labour laws 劳工法fiscal law 财政法Civil Suit Law, Code of civil law 民事诉讼法Military Law 军法Conscript Law 兵役法Copyright Law 著作权法penal code 刑法典code of mercantile law 商法典civil rights 民事权利，公民权利right of asylum 避难权human rights, rights of man 人权(customs) duties 关税death duty, death tax 遗产税royalties 版税。

国际商法专业词汇中英文对照A Note on the Incoterms(国际贸易术语通则解释)Absolute Advantage(亚当.斯密的绝对优势理论)Acceptance with Modifications(对邀约做出修改、变更的承诺)Acceptance(承诺/受盘)Act of State Doctrine(国家行为主义)Act of the Parties (当事人的行为)Administrative Management (经营管理)Advising and Confirming Letters of Credit(信用证的通知和确认)Agent for International Settlements(国际结算代理人)Agreement of the Parties(协议选择原则)Agriculture(农业协定)Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR解决方式)Anticipatory Breach in Common Law (普通法上预期违约)Antidumping Authority(反倾销机构)Applicability of the CISG (CISG的适用范围)Application of Home State Labor LawsExtraterritorially(内国劳工法律域外适用)Applying for a Letter of Credit(信用证的申请)Approval of Foreign Investment Applications(外国投资申请的批准)Arbitrage(套汇)Arbitration Agreement and Arbitration Clauses(仲裁协议和合同中的仲裁条款)Arbitration Tribunals(仲裁机构)Artistic Property Agreements(保护文学艺术作品的协定)Artistic Property Agreements(文学艺术品产权协定)Assignment(合同权利转让)Attorney-General(法律总顾问)Automatic Dissolution (自动散伙)Average Clauses(海损条款)Avoidance(解除)Bank Deposits(银行储蓄)Bases of Income Taxation(所得税的征税依据/基础)Battle of the Forms(形式上的分歧/冲突)Bills of Lading (提单)Branch Banking(银行的分支机构)Business Form and Registered Capital (企业形式和注册资本)Business Forms(商业组织形式)Buyer's Remedies(买方可以采取的救济措施)Carriage of Goods by Air(航空货物运输)Carriage of Goods by Sea and Marine CargoInsurance(海上货物运输及其保险)Carrier's Duties under a Bill of Lading(在提单运输方式下承运人的责任/义务)Carrier's Immunities(承运人责任/义务的豁免)Cartels (企业联合/卡特尔)Categories of Investment Projects (外国投资的项目类别)Charterparties (租船合同)Charterparties by Demise (光船出租合同)China's Fundamental Policies for Encouraging Foreign Investments(中国大陆鼓励外国投资的基本政策)Choosing the Governing Law(准据法的选择)CIF (cost, insurance and freight) (port ofdestination) (CIF成本\保险费加运费付至指定的目的港)Civil Law (民法法系)Clearance and Settlement Procedures(交换和转让程序)Collection of Documentary Bills Through Banks(银行跟单托收)Commercial Arbitration (国际商事仲裁)Commodity Arrangements(初级产品/农产品安排)Common Enterprise Liability(企业的一般责任)Common Law (普通法系)Common Procedures in Handling Bills ofExchange (汇票处理的一般程序) Common Stock (股票)Company Taxpayers(公司/法人企业纳税人)Comparative Advantage(大卫.李嘉图的比较优势理论)Comparison of Municipal Legal Systems(内国法系的比较研究)Compensation for Winding up (清算补偿)Comprehensive Agreements (综合性的协定)Compulsory Licenses(强制许可)Computation of Income(收入计算)Conformity of Goods(与合同约定相符合的货物)Consent to the Jurisdiction of the Host State(给予东道国管辖权的许可/同意)Consideration in Common Law(英美法上的对价)Contemporary International Trade Law(当代国际贸易法)Contract Law for the International Sale ofGoods(国际货物销售合同法)Contract Liability of the Agent (代理人的合同义务)Contract Liability of the Principal (委托人的合同义务)Contractual Issues Excluded from the Coverageof CISG(排除在CISG适用范围之外的合同问题)Copyrights (著作权/版权)Council for Trade-Related Aspects ofIntellectual Property Rights(与知识产权有关的理事会)Coverage of Tax Treaties(税收条约的覆盖范围)Creation of Agency (代理创立)Creditors of Partners(合伙人的债权人)Currency Crises: The Role of Monetary Policy(金融危机：货币政策的作用与地位)Currency Exchange Obligations of IMF MemberStates(国际货币基金组织成员国在外汇交易中的义务)Currency Exchange(外汇交易)Currency Support(资金/财政援助)Custom(习惯)Customs Valuation(海关估价协定)Debt Securities (债券)Decision Making within the WTO(WTO内部决定作出机制)Deficiencies in the GATT 1947 Dispute Process(关税及贸易总协定1947争端解决程序的不足)Definite Sum of Money or Monetary Unit ofAccount(确定货币的总额或者计价的货币单位)Definition and Special Features(定义和特征)Delayed Bills of Lading(提单迟延)Denial of Justice(司法不公)Development Banks (发展银行)Direct Effect(直接效力)Direct Exporting(直接出口)Directors' and Officer's Duties to theCorporation(董事和经理/首席执行官对公司的义务)Dispute Settlement(争端的解决)Dissolution by Agreement (协议解散)Dissolution by Court Order (依法院令状散伙)Dissolution of the Partnership (散伙)Distribution of Earnings and Recovery ofInvestments (收入分配和投资回收)Distribution to Shareholders (红利分配权)Doctrine of Imputability (归责原则)Documentary Formalities(文本格式要求)Double Taxation Provision(双重征税的规定)Double Taxation(双重征税)Duress (胁迫行为)Duties of Agent and Principal (代理人和委托人的义务)Duties of Agent to Principal (委托人的义务)Duties of Principal to Agent (代理人、的义务)Duty of Care in Partnership Business(对合伙事务尽心看护义务)Duty of Loyalty and Good Faith (忠诚和诚信义务)Effectiveness of an Offer(邀约/发盘的效力)Employment Laws in the European Union(欧洲联盟雇佣/劳工法)Employment Standards of the Organization forEconomic Cooperation and Development(经济合作与发展组织雇佣/劳工标准)Enforcement of Exchange Control Regulationsof IMF Member States(国际货币基金组织成员国对外汇交易管理规则的履行)Enforcement of Foreign Arbitral Awards in thePeople's Republic of China (在中华人民共和国境内外国仲裁裁决的执行)Enforcement of Foreign Judgment (外国法院判决的执行)Enforcement of Partnership Rights andLiabilities(执行合伙事务的权利和责任)Enforcement of Securities RegulationsInternationally(国际证券规则的执行)Environmental Regulation(环境规则)Escape Clause(免责条款)Euro-currency Deposits(欧洲货币储蓄)European Communities - Regime for theImportation, Sale, and Distribution of Bananas(欧洲共同体对于香蕉的进口、销售和分销的管理) European Union Law on Trade in Services(欧洲联盟关于服务贸易的法律) Exceptio non Adimpleti Contractus in CivilLaw (大陆法上履行契约之抗辩权)Exceptions(例外)Exclusive Licenses(独占许可)Excuses for Non-performance (不履行的免责)Excuses for Nonperformance(不履行合同的抗辩/借口)Exemptions for New Members from IMF MemberState Currency Exchange Obligations(国际货币基金组织新成员国在外汇交易中义务的免除) Export Restrictions (出口限制)Exporting(出口)Expropriation(征收)Extraterritorial Application of U. S.Securities Laws(美国证券法域外的适用问题)Failure to Exhaust remedies(没有用尽法律救济)Fault and Causation(过错和因果关系)Finance Ministry(财政部)Finance of International Trade(国际贸易的结算/支付)Financing Foreign Trade(对外贸易的价金支付)FOB (free on hoard) (port of shipment)(FOB装运港船上交货)Force Majeure Clauses (不可抗力条款)Foreign Investment Guarantees(外国投资的担保)Foreign Investment Laws and Codes(外国投资法)Formal and Informal Application Process(正式和非正式申请程序)Formation of the Contract(合同的成立)Forsed Endorsements(虚假背书)Fraud Exception in Letters of CreditTransaction (信用证交易的欺诈例外) Frauds on Bills of Lading(提单欺诈)Fraudulent Misrepresentation(受欺诈的误解)Free Zones(保税区/自由贸易区)Fundamental Breach(根本违约)GATS Schedules of Specific Commitments(服务贸易总协定减让表中的特别承诺)General Agreement on Trade in Services (服务贸易总协定)General Requirements and Rights of the Holderin Due Course(票据持有人的一般要求和权利)General Standards of Performance(履行的一般标准)Geographic Limitations(地区限制)Government Controls over Trade (政府对贸易的管制)Government Guarantees(政府担保)Governmental Interest(政府利益原则)Governmental Sources of Capital(官方资金)Grant Back Provisions(回授的规定)Home state Regulation of MultinationalEnterprises(本国对跨国企业的管理)Host State Regulation of MultinationalEnterprises(东道国对跨国企业的管理)Illegality and Incompetency(行为不合法性与主体不适当资格的认定)IMF "Conditionality"(国际货币基金组织的制约性)IMF Facilities(国际货币基金组织的机制)IMF Operations(国际货币基金组织的运作)IMF Quotas(国际货币基金的份额)Immunities of States from the Jurisdiction ofMunicipal Courts(国家豁免于内国法院的管辖权)Import-Licensing Procedures(进口许可证程序协定)Income Categories(收入分类)Income Tax Rates(所得税税率)Income Taxes(所得税)Independence Principles and Rule of StrictCompliance (信用证独立原则和单证严格相符规则)Indirect Exporting(间接出口)Industrial Property Agreements (保护工业产权的协定)。

法律专业词汇中英对照(a,b)action of debt 债务诉讼acquit 无罪adjourn 暂时停止执行administrative decision 行政判决结果ad damnum 主张一定数额的赔偿金adverse judgement 不利的判决affidavit 传票送达人所写的切结书affirm 确定原判决affirm defence 积极的抗辩agency stage 行政机关的裁决agency hearing 听证会allegation 主张的事实american law 美国法an ex parte hearing 一方当事人到庭说明an adversary hearing 双方当事人到庭辩论answer 答辩状appellate jurisdiction 上诉管辖权appeal 上诉appellant 上诉人appellee 被上诉人appropriate 永久占有arrest the judgement 暂时终止法院判决结果arraignment 刑事案件法官与当事人之间安排案件的程序assigned counsel 公设辩护人assumpsit 承诺履行bailment 寄托制度bail 保释beyond the reasonable doubt 超越合理的怀疑bill of Middlesex 早期诉讼当事人向国王秘书处申请的令状，同意发给后才能到国王法院进行诉讼bailliff 法庭内的法警bias 偏见bench of conference 到法官室或法官面前进行会议bond 提供担保burden of proof 举证责任case law 案例法cause of action 起诉理由chancellor 衡平法官chancery division 衡平法庭circuit court 巡回法院civil law 大陆法civil right act 人权法案civil procedure 民事诉讼法clerk 书记官closing argument 诉讼结论co－defedant 共同被告common law 普通法、习惯法、一致法、共同法compurgation 宣誓采证法compurgatory 宣誓采证法中的证人complaint 起诉状concurrent jurisdiction 竞合管辖权consideration 约因consortium 婚姻生活权；配偶权；亲权contempt of court 藐视法庭罪contract under seal 封印契约contributory negligence 加工过失corpus juris secundum 美国法律百科全书counterclaim 反诉court of common pleas 民诉法院court of king's bench 王室法院court of exchequer 财务法院court of exchequer chamber 财务上诉法院country court 乡镇法院court of common bench 民诉法院court of chancery 衡平法院court of justice of the peace 地方治安法院court of probate 遗嘱继承法院court of divorce 婚姻法院court of appeal in chancery 衡平上诉法院court of crown cases reserved 皇室上诉法院court of assize 巡回法院court of outside the united kingdom 英国境外各法院court of first instance 第一审法院court of second instance 第二审法院court of the international trade 国际贸易法院court of appeals for the federal circuit 联邦巡回上诉法院covenant 封印契约赔偿令状cross claim 被告间诉讼cross examnation 复向对方提出之证人curia regis 国王的法院damages 损害赔偿debt 返还确定金钱的令状decree 衡平法院作成的判决deductive reasoning 演绎法default judgement 一造判决defendant 被告defendant in error 被上诉人demurrer 驳回deposition 诘问内容作成的笔录detinue 非法留置的动产回复令状dialectical reasoning 论理（辩证）方法direct examination 诘问自己提出辩证direct verdict 法官指示陪审团作出直接判决discovery process 发现程序dismiss 驳回dissenting opinion 不同意见书district court 地方法院diversity jurisdiction 多元管辖权docket 案件登陆dual system 双轨并行制度due process 正当程序ejectment 不动产侵害令状en banc 法院全体法官共同审理equatible right衡平上的权利equatible defence 衡平抗辩estate 遗产ex post facto 溯及既往expert witness 专家证人express mention 明示其一排除其他原则expressio unius est exclusio alterius 明示其一排除其他原则exclusive jurisdiction 排他的管辖权exclusionary rule 证据排除法则eyre system 巡回制度felony 重罪foreman of jury 陪审团主席forms of action 严格的诉讼形式forum 法院fountain of all justices 正义的源泉freehould interest in land 对土地有完全权利者general assumpsit 不当得利令状general jurisdiction 一般管辖权geografhic jurisdiction 地域管辖权grand jury 大陪审团habeas corpus 人身保护令状hearsay evidence 传闻证据high court of justice 高级法院holding 法院判决house of lords 上议院house of commons 下议院hearing 听证会impeach 质疑证人的可信度impleader 第三人诉讼implied promise 默示承诺in personam jurisdiction 对人诉讼independent source rules 独立咨询取得的证据indictment 起诉inductive reasoning 归纳法inevitable discovery rule 当然发现原则inferior court 美国联邦法院第一级法院统称小法院information 检察官的起诉状in good faith 诚信善意原则injunction 禁止命令instruction 法官向陪审团作指示interlocutory appeal 中间上诉intermediate appellate court 中间上诉法院inerrogatory 诘问的问题issues 争点joint and several liability 连带赔偿责任judicial act 司法法案judicial committee of the privy council 枢密院司法委员会judgement on the verdict 确定原判决judgement notwithstanding the verdict 自行判决jurisdiction over the subjuct matter 对物诉讼jury 陪审团juvenile court 青少年法院judgement 法官作成的判决king's bench division 王室法庭king's council国王的咨询会议。