1812期考0002英语

南安一中2017～2018学年度高三年第二次阶段考英语科试卷命题者：陈晓萍审核：王美婷本试卷考试内容为：英语。

分第I卷（选择题）和第II卷，共12页，满分150分，考试时间120分钟。

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第I卷（选择题，共100分）第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）第一节(共5 小题；每小题 1.5 分，满分7.5 分)听下面5 段对话。

每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C 三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。

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1. How many eggs will the woman prepare?A. 20.B. 30.C. 300.2. Where does the conversation probably take place?A. In a hotel.B. On a plane.C. On a train.3. What’s the man’s opinion on advertisements?A. They should be limited.B. They are really annoying.C. They are acceptable.4. What does the man like most about 2016?A. Getting a house.B. Packing and unpacking. C Moving constantly.5. What is the woman’s plan?A. To start her own business.B. To major in education.C. To be a college professor.第二节(共15 小题；每小题 1.5 分，满分22.5 分)听下面5段对话或独白。

19.02Part IIIReading Comprehension (40minutes)Section A Directions:In this section,there is a passage with ten blanks.You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage.Read the passage through carefully before making your choices.Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter.Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2with a single line through the centre.You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.Millions die early from air pollution each year.Air pollution costs the global economy more than $5trillionannuallyinwelfarecosts,withthemostserious26occurringinthedevelopingworld.The figures include a number of costs27with air pollution.Lost income alone amounts to $225billion a year.The report includes both indoor and outdoor air pollution.Indoor pollution,which includes 28like home heating and cooking,has remained 29over the past several decades despite advances in the area.Levels of outdoor pollution have grown rapidly along with rapid growth in industry and transportation.Director of Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation Chris Murray30it as an “urgent call to action.”“One of the risk factors for premature deaths is the air we breathe,over which individuals have little31,”he said.The effects of air pollution are worst in the developing world,where in some places lost -labor income 32nearly 1%of GDP.Around 9in 10people in low -and middle -income countries live inplaces where they 33experience dangerous levels of outdoor air pollution.But the problem is not limited 34to the developing world.Thousands die prematurely in theU.S.as a result of related illnesses.In many European countries,where diesel (柴油)35have become more common in recent years,that number reaches tens of thousands.A)abilityB)associated C)consciously D)constant E)controlF)damage G)described H)equals I)exclusivelyJ)innovated K)regularly L)relatesM)sourcesN)undermine O)vehicles Section B Directions:In this section,you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it.Each 2018年12月大学英语四级考试阅读真题于璐笤考试专栏笤19.02statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs.Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived.You may choose a paragraph more than once.Each paragraph is marked with a letter.Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.Food -as -Medicine Movement Is Witnessing Progress[A]Several times a month,you can find a doctor in the aisles of Ralph ’s market in Huntington Beach,California,wearing a white coat and helping people learn about food.On one recent day,this doctor was Daniel Nadeau,wandering the cereal aisle with Allison Scott,giving her some idea on how to feed kids who persistently avoid anything that is healthy.“Have you thought about trying fresh juices in the morning?”he asks her.“The frozen oranges and apples are a little cheaper,and fruits are really good for the brain.Juices are quick and easy to prepare,you can take the frozen fruit out the night before and have it ready the next morning.”[B]Scott is delighted to get food advice from a physician who is program director of the nearby Mary and Dick Allen Diabetes Center,part of the St.Joseph Hoag Health alliance.The center ’s ‘Shop with Your Doc ’program sends doctors to the grocery store to meet with any patients who sign up for the service,plus any other shoppers who happen to be around with questions.[C]Nadeau notices the pre -made macaroni (通心粉)-and -cheese boxes in Scott ’s shopping cart and suggests she switch to whole grain macaroni and real cheese.“So I ’d have to make it?”she asks,her enthusiasm fading at the thought of how long that might take,just to have her kids reject it.“I ’m not sure they ’d eat it.They just won ’t eat it.”[D]Nadeau says sugar and processed foods are big contributors to the rising diabetes rates among children.“In America,over 50percent of our food is processed food,”Nadeau tells her.“And only 5percent of our food is plant -based food.I think we should try to reverse that.”Scott agrees to try more fruit juices for the kids and to make real macaroni and cheese.Score one point for the doctor,zero for diabetes.[E]Nadeau is part of a small revolution developing across California.The food -as -medicine movement has been around for decades,but it ’s making progress as physicians and medical institutions make food a formal part of treatment,rather than relying solely on medications (药物).By prescribing nutritional changes or launching programs such as ‘Shop with your Doc ’,they are trying to prevent,limit or even reverse disease by changing what patients eat.“There ’s no question people can take things a long way toward reversing diabetes,reversing high blood pressure,even preventing cancer by food choices,”Nadeau says.[F]In the big picture,says Dr.Richard Afable,CEO and president of St.Joseph Hoag Health,medical institutions across the state are starting to make a philosophical switch to becoming a health organization,not just a health care organization.That feeling echoes the beliefs笤考试专栏笤19.02of the Therapeutic Food Pantry program at Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital,which completed its pilot phase and is about to expand on an ongoing basis to five clinic sites throughout the city.The program will offer patients several bags of food prescribed for their condition,along with intensive training in how to cook it.“We really want to link food and medicine,and not just give away food,”says Dr.Rita Nguyen,the hospital ’s medical director of Healthy Food Initiatives.“We want people to understand what they ’re eating,how to prepare it,the role food plays in their lives.”[G]In Southern California,Loma Linda University School of Medicine is offering specialized training for its resident physicians in Lifestyle Medicine —that is a formal specialty in using food to treat disease.Research findings increasingly show the power of food to treat or reverse diseases,but that does not mean that diet alone is always the solution,or that every illness can benefit substantially from dietary changes.Nonetheless,physicians say that they look at the collective data and a clear picture emerges:that the salt,sugar,fat and processed foods in the American diet contribute to the nation ’s high rates of obesity,diabetes and heart disease.According to the World Health Organization,80percent of deaths from heart disease and stroke are caused by high blood pressure,tobacco use,elevated cholesterol and low consumption of fruits and vegetables.[H]“It ’s a different paradigm (范式)of how to treat disease,”says Dr.Brenda Rea,who helps run the family and preventive medicine residency program at Loma Linda University School of Medicine.The lifestyle medicine specialty is designed to train doctors in how to prevent and treat disease,in part,by changing patients ’nutritional habits.The medical center and school at Loma Linda also has a food cupboard and kitchen for patients.This way,patients not only learn about which foods to buy,but also how to prepare them at home.[I]Many people don ’t know how to cook,Rea says,and they only know how to heat things up.That means depending on packaged food with high salt and sugar content.So teaching people about which foods are healthy and how to prepare them,she says,can actually transform a patient ’s life.And beyond that,it might transform the health and lives of that patient ’s family.“What people eat can be medicine or poison,”Rea says.“As a physician,nutrition is one of the most powerful things you can change to reverse the effects of long -term disease.”[J]Studies have explored evidence that dietary changes can slow inflammation (炎症),for example,or make the body inhospitable to cancer cells.In general,many lifestyle medicine physicians recommend a plant-based diet —particularly for people with diabetes or otherinflammatory conditions.[K]“As what happened with tobacco,this will require a cultural shift,but that can happen,”says Nguyen.“In the same way physicians used to smoke,and then stopped smoking and wereable to talk to patients about it,I think physicians can have a bigger voice in it.”笤考试专栏笤19.0236.More than half of the food Americans eat is factory-produced.37.There is a special program that assigns doctors to give advice to shoppers in food stores.38.There is growing evidence from research that food helps patients recover from various illnesses.39.A healthy breakfast can be prepared quickly and easily.40.Training a patient to prepare healthy food can change their life.41.One food-as-medicine program not only prescribes food for treatment but teaches patients how to cook it.42.Scott is not keen on cooking food herself,thinking it would simply be a waste of time.43.Diabetes patients are advised to eat more plant-based food.ing food as medicine is no novel idea,but the movement is making headway these days.45.Americans ’high rates of various illnesses result from the way they eat.Section CDirections:There are 2passages in this section.Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements.For each of them there are four choices marked A),B),C)and D).You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 46to 50are based on the following passage.California has been facing a drought for many years now,with certain areas even having to pump freshwater hundreds of miles to their distribution system.The problem is growing as the population of the state continues to expand.New research has found deep water reserves under the state which could help solve their drought crisis.Previous drilling of wells could only reach depths of 1,000feet,but due to new pumping practices,water deeper than this can now be extracted (抽取).The team at Stanford investigated the aquifers (地下蓄水层)below this depth and found that reserves may be triple what was previously thought.It is profitable to drill to depths more than 1,000feet for oil and gas extraction,but only recently in California has it become profitable to pump water from this depth.The aquifers range from 1,000to 3,000feet below the ground,which means that pumping will be expensive and there are other concerns.The biggest concern of pumping out water from this deep is the gradual settling down of the land surface.As the water is pumped out,the vacant space left is compacted by the weight of the earth above.Eventhoughpumpingfromthesedepthsisexpensive,itisstillcheaperthandesalinating(脱盐)the oceanwaterinthelargelycoastalstate.Somedesalinationplantsexistwherefeasible,buttheyarecostly笤考试专栏笤19.02torunandcanneedconstantrepairs.Wellsaremuchmorereliablesourcesoffreshwater,andCalifornia ishopingthatthesedeepwellsmaybetheanswertotheirseverewatershortage.One problem with these sources is that the deep water also has a higher level of salt than shallower aquifers.This means that some wells may even need to undergo desalination after extraction,thus increasing the cost.Research from the exhaustive study of groundwater from over 950drilling logs has just been published.New estimates of the water reserves now go up to 2,700billion cubic meters of freshwater.46.How could California ’s drought crisis be solved according to some researchers?A)By building more reserves of groundwater.B)By drawing water from the depths of the earth.C)By developing more advanced drilling devices.D)By upgrading its water distribution system.47.What can be inferred about extracting water from deep aquifers?A)It was deemed vital to solving the water problem.B)It was not considered worth the expense.C)It may not provide quality freshwater.D)It is bound to gain support from the local people.48.What is mentioned as a consequence of extracting water from deep underground?A)The sinking of land surface.C)The damage to aquifers.B)The harm to the ecosystem.D)The change of the climate.49.What does the author say about deep wells?A)They run without any need for repairs.B)They are entirely free from pollutants.C)They are the ultimate solution to droughts.D)They provide a steady supply of freshwater.50.What may happen when deep aquifers are used as water sources?A)People ’s health may improve with cleaner water.B)People ’s water bills may be lowered considerably.C)The cost may go up due to desalination.D)They may be exhausted sooner or later.Passage TwoQuestions 51to 55are based on the following passage.The AlphaGo program ’s victory is an example of how smart computers have become.But can artificial intelligence (AI)machines act ethically,meaning can they be honest and fair?One example of AI is driverless cars.They are already on California roads,so it is not too soon to 笤考试专栏笤19.02ask whether we can program a machine to act ethically.As driverless cars improve,they will save lives.They will make fewer mistakes than human drivers do.Sometimes,however,they will face a choice between lives.Should the cars be programmed to avoid hitting a child running across the road,even if that will put their passengers at risk?What about making a sudden turn to avoid a dog?What if the only risk is damage to the car itself,not to the passengers?Perhaps there will be lessons to learn from driverless cars,but they are not super-intelligent beings.Teaching ethics to a machine even more intelligent than we are will be the bigger challenge.About the same time as AlphaGo ’s triumph,Microsoft ’s ‘chatbot ’took a bad turn.The software,named Taylor,was designed to answer messages from people aged 18-24.Taylor was supposed to be able to learn from the messages she received.She was designed to slowly improve her ability to handle conversations,but some people were teaching Taylor racist ideas.When she started saying nice things about Hitler,Microsoft turned her off and deleted her ugliest messages.AlphaGo ’s victory and Taylor ’s defeat happened at about the same time.This should be a warning to us.It is one thing to use AI within a game with clear rules and clear goals.It is something very different to use AI in the real world.The unpredictability of the real world may bring to the surface a troubling software problem.Eric Schmidt is one of the bosses of Google,which own AlphoGo.He thinks AI will be positive for humans.He said people will be the winner,whatever the outcome.Advances in AI will make human beings smarter,more able and “just better human beings.”51.What does the author want to show with the example of AlphaGo ’s victory?A)Computers will prevail over human beings.B)Computers have unmatched potential.C)Computers are man ’s potential rivals.D)Computerscanbecomehighlyintelligent.52.What does the author mean by AI machines acting ethically?A)They are capable of predicting possible risks.B)They weigh the gains and losses before reaching a decision.C)They make sensible decisions when facing moral dilemmas.D)They sacrifice everything to save human lives.53.What is said to be the bigger challenge facing humans in the AI age?A)How to make super-intelligent AI machines share human feelings.B)How to ensure that super-intelligent AI machines act ethically.C)How to prevent AI machines doing harm to humans.D)How to avoid being over-dependent on AI machines.54.What do we learn about Microsoft ’s ‘chatbot ’Taylor?A)She could not distinguish good from bad.B)Shecouldturnherselfoffwhennecessary.C)She was not made to handle novel situations.(下转第61页)19.02D)Shewasgoodatperformingroutinetasks.55.What does Eric Schmidt think of artificial intelligence?A)It will be far superior to human beings.B)It will keep improving as time goes by.C)It will prove to be an asset to human beings.D)It will be here to stay whatever the outcome.大学英语参考答案：Section A26.F 27.B28.M 29.D 30.G 31.E32.H 33.K 34.I 35.O Section B36.D 37.B38.G 39.A 40.I 41.F 42.C43.J 44.E45.GSection C46.B47.B48.A 49.D 50.C51.D 52.C53.B54.A 55.C1.A wise man once remarked that “Help oth-ers,and you will be helped when you are in need.”有一位智者曾经说过，“帮助别人，你就会在需要的时候被帮助”。

2018年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试真题英语二Section Ⅰ Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B , C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Why do people read negative Internet comments and do other things that will obviously be painful? Because humans have an inherent need to 1 uncertainty, according to a recent study in Psychological Science. The new research reveals that the need to know is strong that people will 2 to satisfy their curiosity even when it is clear the answer will 3 .In a series of experiments, behavioral scientists at the University of Chicago and the Wisconsin school of Business tested students’ wi llingness to 4 themselves to unpleasant stimuli in an effort to satisfy curiosity. For one 5 , each participant was shown a pile of pens that the researcher claimed were from a previous experiment. The twist? Half of the pens would 6 an electric shock when clicked.Twenty-seven students were told with pens were electrified; another twenty-seven were told only that some were electrified. 7 left alone in the room. The students who did not know which ones would shock them clicked more pens and incurred more shocks than the students who knew that would 8 . Subsequent experiments reproduced this effect with other stimuli, 9 the sound of fingernails on a chalkboard and photographs of disgusting insects.The drive to 10 is deeply rooted in humans, much the same as the basic drives for 11 or shelter, says Christopher Hsee of the University of Chicago. Curiosity is often considered a good instinct—it can 12 new scientific advances, for instance—but sometimes such 13 can backfire. The insight that curiosity can drive you to do 14 things is a profound one.Unhealthy curiosity is possible to 15 , however. In a final experiment, participants who were encouraged to 16 how they would feel after viewing an unpleasant picture were less likely to 17 to see such an image. These results suggest that imagining the 18 of following through on one’s curiosity ahead of time can help determine 19 it is worth the endeavor. Thinking about long-term 20 is key to reducing the possible negative effects of curiosity,” Hsee says. In other words, don’t read online comments.1. A. ignore B. protect C. discuss D. resolve2. A. refuse B. seek C. wait D. regret3. A. rise B. last C. hurt D. mislead4. A. alert B. expose C. tie D. treat5. A. trial B. message C. review D. concept6. A. remove B. deliver C. weaken D. interrupt7. A. Unless B. If C. When D. Though8. A. change B. continue C. disappear D. happen9. A. such as B. rather than C. regardless of D. owing to10. A. disagree B. forgive C. discover D. forget11. A. pay B. food C. marriage D. schooling12. A. begin with B. rest on C. lead to D. learn from13. A. inquiry B. withdrawal C. persistence D. diligence14. A. self-deceptive B. self-reliant C. self-evident D. self-destructive15. A. trace B. define C. replace D. resist16. A. conceal B. overlook C. design D. predict17. A. choose B. remember C. promise D. pretend18. A. relief B. outcome C. plan D. duty19. A. how B. why C. where D. whether20. A. limitations B. investments C. consequences D. strategiesSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing [A],[B], [C] or [D]. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Text 1It is curious that Stephen Koziatek feels almost as though he has to justify his efforts to give his students a better future.Mr. Koziatek is part of something pioneering. He is a teacher at a New Hampshire high school where learning is not something of books and tests and mechanical memorization, but practical. When did it become accepted wisdom that students should be able to name the 13th president of the United States but be utterly overwhelmed by a broken bike Chain?As Koziatek know, there is learning in just about everything. Nothing is necessarily gained by forcing students to learn geometry at a graffitied desk stuck with generations of discarded chewing gum. They can also learn geometry by assembling a bicycle.But he’s also found a kind of insidious prejudice. Working with your hands is seen as almost a mark of inferiority. School in the family of vocational education “have that stereotype...that it’s for kids who can’t make it academically,” he says.On one hand, that viewpoint is a logical product of America’s evolution. Manufacturing is not the economic engine that it once was. The job security that the US economy once offered to high school graduates has largely evaporated. More education is the new principle. We want more for our kids, and rightfully so.But the headlong push into bachelor’s degrees for all—and the subtle devaluing of anything less—misses an important point: That’s not the only thing the American economy needs. Yes, a bachelor’s degree opens more doors. But even now, 54 percent of the jobs in the country are middle-skill jobs, such as construction and high-skillmanufacturing. But only 44 percent of workers are adequately trained.In other words, at a time when the working class has turned the country on its political head, frustrated that the opportunity that once defined America is vanishing, one obvious solution is staring us in the face. There is a gap in working-class jobs, but the workers who need those jobs most aren’t equipped to do them. Koziatek’s Manchester School of Technology High School is trying to fill that gap.Koziatek’s school is a wake-up call. When education becomes one-size-fits-all, it risks overlooking a nation’s diversity of gifts.21. A broken bike chain is mentioned to show students’ lack of.A. academic trainingB. practical abilityC. pioneering spiritD. mechanical memorization22. There exists the prejudice that vocational education is for kids who.A. have a stereotyped mindB. have no career motivationC. are financially disadvantagedD. are not academically successful23. we can infer from Paragraph 5 that high school graduates.A. used to have more job opportunitiesB. used to have big financial concernsC. are entitled to more educational privilegesD. are reluctant to work in manufacturing24. The headlong push into bac helor’s degrees for all.A. helps create a lot of middle-skill jobsB. may narrow the gap in working-class jobsC. indicates the overvaluing of higher educationD.is expected to yield a better-trained workforce25. The author’s attitude toward Koziatek’s school can be described as.A. tolerantB. cautiousC. supportiveD. disappointedText 2While fossil fuels—coal，oil，gas—still generate roughly 85 percent of the world’s energy supply, it's clearer than ever that the future belong s to renewable sources such as wind and solar. The move to renewables is picking up momentum around the world：They now account for more than half of new power sources going on line.Some growth stems from a commitment by governments and farsighted businesses to fund cleaner energy sources. But increasingly the story is about the plummeting prices of renewables，especially wind and solar. The cost of solar panels has dropped by 80 percent and the cost of wind turbines by close to one-third in the past eight years.In many parts of the world renewable energy is already a principal energy source. In Scotland，for example，wind turbines provide enough electricity to power 95 percent of homes. While the rest of the world takes the lead，notably China and Europe，the United States is also seeing a remarkable shift. In March，for the first time，wind and solar power accounted for more than 10 percent of the power generated inthe US，reported the US Energy Information Administration.President Trump has underlined fossil fuels—especially coal—as the path to economic growth. In a recent speech in Iowa，he dismissed wind power as an unreliable energy source. But that message did not play well with many in Iowa，where wind turbines dot the fields and provide 36 percent of t he state’s electricity generation—and where tech giants like Microsoft are being attracted by the availability of clean energy to power their data centers.The question“what happens when the wind doesn’t blow or the sun doesn’t shine?”has provided a quic k put-down for skeptics. But a boost in the storage capacity of batteries is making their ability to keep power flowing around the clock more likely.The advance is driven in part by vehicle manufacturers，who are placing big bets on battery-powered electric vehicles. Although electric cars are still a rarity on roads now, this massive investment could change the picture rapidly in coming years.While there’s a long way to go，the trend lines for renewables are spiking. The pace of change in energy sources appears to be speeding up—perhaps just in time to have a meaningful effect in slowing climate change. What Washington does—or doesn’t do—to promote alternative energy may mean less and less at a time of a global shift in thought.26.The word“ plummeting ”(Line 3，Para.2)is closest in meaning to.A. stabilizingB. changingC. fallingD. rising27. According to Paragraph 3，the use of renewable energy in America.A.is progressing notablyB.is as extensive as in EuropeC. faces many challengesD. has proved to be impractical28. It can be learned that in Iowa.A. wind is a widely used energy sourceB. wind energy has replaced fossil fuelsC. tech giants are investing in clean energyD. there is a shortage of clean energy supply29. Which of the following is true about clean energy according to Paragraphs 5&6?A. Its application has boosted battery storage.B. It is commonly used in car manufacturing.C. Its continuous supply is becoming a reality.D. Its sustainable exploitation will remain difficult.30. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that renewable energy.A. will bring the US closer to other countriesB. will accelerate global environmental changeC.is not really encouraged by the US governmentD.is not competitive enough with regard to its costText 3The power and ambition of the giants of the digital economy is astonishing—Amazon has just announced the purchase of the upmarket grocery chain Whole Foods for$13.5bn，but two years ago Facebook paid even more than that to acquire the What’s App messaging service，which doesn’t have any physical product at all. What WhatsApp offered Facebook was an intricate and finely detailed web of its users’friendships and social lives.Facebook promised the European commission then that it would not link phone numbers to Facebook identities，but it broke the promise almost as soon as the deal went through. Even without knowing what was in the messages，the knowledge of who sent them and to whom was enormously revealing and still could be. What political journalist，what party whip，would not want to know the makeup of the WhatsApp groups in which Theresa May’s enemies are currently plotting? It may be that the value of Whole Foods to Amazon is not so much the 460 shops it owns, but the records of which customers have purchased what.Competition law appears to be the only way to address these imbalances of power. But it is clumsy. For one thing, it is very slow compared to the pace of change within the digital economy. By the time a problem has been addressed and remedied it may have vanished in the marketplace, to be replaced by new abuses of power. But there is a deeper conceptual problem, too. Competition law as presently interpreted deals with financial disadvantage to consumers and this is not obvious when the users of these services don’t pay for them. The users of their services are not their customers. That would be the people who buy advertising from them—and Facebook and Google，the two virtual giants，dominate digital advertising to the disadvantage of all other media and entertainment companies.The product they’re selling is data，and we，the users，convert our lives to data for the benefit of the digital giants. Just as some ants farm the bugs called aphids for the honeydew they produce when they feed, so Google farms us for the data that our digital lives yield. Ants keep predatory insects away from where their aphids feed; Gmail keeps the spammers out of our in boxes. It doesn’t fe el likea human or democratic relationship，even if both sides benefit.31. According to Paragraph 1, Facebook acquired WhatsApp for its.A. digital productsB. user informationC. physical assetsD. quality service32. Linking phone numbers to Facebook identities may.A. worsen political disputesB. mess up customer recordsC. pose a risk to Facebook usersD. mislead the European commission33. According to the author, competition law.A. should serve the new market powersB. may worsen the economic imbalanceC. should not provide just one legal solutionD. cannot keep pace with the changing market34. Competition law as presently interpreted can hardly protect Facebook users because.A. they are not defined as customersB. they are not financially reliableC. the services are generally digitalD. the services are paid for by advertisers35. The ants analogy is used to illustrate.A. a win-win business model between digital giantsB. a typical competition pattern among digital giantsC. the benefits provided for digital giants’ customersD. the relationship between digital giants and their usersText 4To combat the trap of putting a premium on being busy, Cal Newport, author of Deep work: Rules for Focused Success in a Distracted world, recommends building a habit of “deep work”—the ability to focus without distraction.There are a number of approaches to mastering the art of deep work—be it lengthy retreats dedicated to a specific task; developing a daily ritual; or taking a “journalistic” approach to seizing moments of deep work when you can throughout the day. Whichever approach, the key is to determine your length of focus time and stick to it.Newport also recommends “deeps cheduling” to combat const ant interruptions and get more done in less time.“At any given point, I should have deep work scheduled for roughly the next month. Once on the calendar I protect this time like I would a doctor’s appointment or important meeting”, he writes.Another approach to getting more done in less time is to rethink how you prioritize your day—in particular how we craft our to-do lists. Tim Harford, author of Messy: The Power of Disorder to Transform Our Lives, points to a study in the early 1980s that divided undergraduates into two groups: some were advised to set out monthly goals and study activities; others were told to plan activities and goals in much more detail, day by day.While the researchers assumed that the well-structured daily plans would be most effective when it came to the execution of tasks, they were wrong: the detailed daily plans demotivated students. Harford argues that inevitable distractions often render the daily to-do list ineffective, while leaving room for improvisation in such a list can reap the best results.In order to make the most of our focus and energy. We also need to embrace downtime, or as Newport suggests, “be lazy.”“Idleness is not just a vacation,an indulgence or a vice; it is as indispensable to be brain as Vitamin D is to the body...[idleness]is, paradoxically, necessary to getting any work done,” he argues.Srini Pillay, an assistant professor of psychiatry at Harvard Medical School, believes this counter-intuitive link between downtime and productivity may be dueto the way our brains operate When our brains switch between being focused and unfocused on a task, they tend to be more efficient.“What people don’t realise is that in order to complete these tasks they need to use both the focus and unfocus circui ts in their brain”. says Pillay.36. The key to mastering the art of deep work is to ________.A. keep to your focus timeB. list your immediate tasksC. make specific daily plansD. seize every minute to work37. The study in the early 1980s cited by Harford shows that ________.A. distractions may actually increase efficiencyB. daily schedules are indispensable to studyingC. students are hardly motivated by monthly goalsD. detailed plans many not be as fruitful as expected38. According to Newport, idleness is ________.A. a desirable mental state for busy peopleB. a major contributor to physical healthC.an effective way to save time and energyD.an essential factor in accomplishing any work39. Pillay believes that our brains’ shift between being focused and unfocused _______.A. can result in psychological well-beingB. can bring about greater efficiencyC.is aimed at better balance in workD.is driven by task urgency40. This text is mainly about _______.A. ways to relieve the tension of busy lifeB. approaches to getting more done in less timeC. the key to eliminating distractionsD. the cause of the lack of focus timePart BDirections:Read the following text and match each of the numbered items in the left column to its corresponding information in the right column. There are two extra choices in the right column. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)A. Just say itB. Be presentC. Pay a unique complimentD. Name, places, thingsE. Find the “me too”sF. Skip the small talkG. Ask for an opinionFive ways to make conversation with anyoneConversations are links, which means when you have a conversation with a new person a link gets formed and every conversation you have after that moment will strengthen the link.You meet new people every day: the grocery worker, the cab driver, new people at work or the security guard at the door. Simply starting a conversation with them will form a link.Here are five simple ways that you can make the first move and start a conversation with strangers.41.____________Suppose you are in a room with someone you don’t know and something within you says “I want to talk with this person”—this is something the mostly happens with all of us. You wanted to say something—the first word—but it just won’t come out. It feels like it is stuck somewhere, I know the feeling and here is my advice just get it out.Just think: th at is the worst that could happen? They won’t talk with you? Well, they are not talking with you now!I truly believe that once you get that first word out everything else will just flow. So keep it simple: “Hi”,“Hey”or “Hello”—do the best you can to gather all of the enthusiasm and energy you can, put on a big smile and say “Hi”.42.____________It’s a problem all of us face: you have limited time with the person that you want to talk with and you want to make this talk memorable.Honestly, if we got stuck in the rut of “hi”,“hello”, “how are you?”and “what’s going on?” you will fail to give the initial jolt to the conversation that’s can make it so memorable.So don’t be afraid to ask more personal questions. Trust me, you’ll be surprised to see how much people are willing to share if you just ask.43.____________When you meet a person for the first time, make an effort to find the things which you and that person have in common so that you can build the conversation from that point. When you start conversation from there and then move outwards, you’ll find all of a sudden that the conversation becomes a lot easier.44.____________Imagine you are pouring your heart out to someone and they are just busy on their phone, and if you ask f or their attention you get the response “I can multitask”.So when someone tries to communicate with you, just be in that communication wholeheartedly. Make eye contact, you can feel the conversation.45.____________You all came into a conversation where you first met the person, but after some time you may have met again and have forgotten their name. Isn’t that awkward!So remember the little details of the people you met or you talked with; perhaps the places they have been to the place they want to go, the things they like, the thing the hate—whatever you talk about.When you remember such thing you can automatically become investor in their wellbeing. So the feel a responsibility to you to keep that relationship going.That’s it. Five amazing ways that you can make conversation with almost anyone. Every person is a really good book to read, or to have a conversation with!Section Ⅲ Translation46. Directions:Translate the following text into Chinese. Your translation should be written on the ANSWER SHEET. (15 points)A fifth garder gets a homework assignment to select his future career path from a list of occupations. He ticks “astronaut” but quickly adds “scientist” to the list and selects it as well. The boy is convinced that if he reads enough. He can explore as many career paths as he likes. And so he reads—everything from encyclopedias to science fiction novels. He reads so passionately that his parents have to institute a “no reading policy” at the dinner table.That boy was Bill Gates, and he hasn’t stopped r eading yet—not even after becoming one of the most science fiction and reference books; recently, he revealed that he reads at least so nonfiction books a year. Gates chooses nonfiction title because they explain how the world works. “Each book opens up ne w avenues of knowledge,” Gates says.Section Ⅳ WritingPart A47. Directions:Suppose you have to cancel your travel plan and will not be able to visit Professor Smith. Write him an email to1) Apologize and explain the situation, and2) Suggest a future meeting.You should write about 100 words on the ANSWER SHEET.Do not use your own name. Use “Li Ming” instead.Do not write your address.(10 points)Part B48. Directions：Write an essay based on the chart below. In your writing you should1) Interpret the chart and2) Give your commentsYou should write about 150 words on the ANSWER SHEET. (15 points)其他4.7%价格8.4%特色36.3%环境23.8%服务26.8%2017年某市消费者选择餐厅时的关注因素一、完形填空：1. A. resolveresolve 解决 protect 保护 discuss 讨论 ignore忽视联系上下文“the need to know”，显然是人类有解决未知(resolve uncertainty)的内在需要。

2018年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语二试题Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)①Why do people read negative Internet comments and do other things that will obviously be painful? ②Because humans have an inherent need to 1 uncertainty, according to a recent study in Psychological Science. ③The new research reveals that the need to know is so strong that people will 2 to satisfy their curiosity even when it is clear the answer will 3 .①In a series of four experiments, behavioral scientists at the University Of Chicago and the Wisconsin School of Business tested students’ willingness to 4 themselves to unpleasant stimuli in an effort to satisfy curiosity. ②For one 5 , each participant was shown a pile of pens that the researcher claimed were from a previous experiment. ③The twist? ④Half of the pens would 6 an electric shock when clicked.①Twenty-seven students were told which pens were electrified; another twenty-seven were told only that some were electrified. ②7 left alone in the room, the students who did not know which ones would shock them clicked more pens and incurred more shocks than the students who knew what would 8 . ③Subsequent experiments reproduced this effect with other stimuli, 9 the sound of fingernails on a chalkboard and photographs of disgusting insects.①The drive to 10 is deeply rooted in humans, much the same as the basic drives for11 or shelter, says Christopher Hsee of the University of Chicago.②Curiosity is often considered a good instinct—it can 12 new scientific advances, for instance—but sometimes such 13 can backfire. ③The insight that curiosity can drive you to do 14 things is a profound one.①Unhealthy curiosity is possible to 15 , however. ②In a final experiment, participants who were encouraged to 16 how they would feel after viewing an unpleasant picture were less likely to 17 to see such an image. ③These results suggest that imagining the 18 of following through on one's curiosity ahead of time can help determine 19 it is worth the endeavor. ④“Thinking about long-term 20 is key to reduc ing the possible negative effects of curiosity,” Hsee says. ⑤In other words, don't read online comments.1. [A] ignore [B] protect [C] resolve [D] discuss2. [A] seek [B] refuse [C] wait [D] regret3. [A] rise [B] hurt [C] last [D] mislead4. [A] expose [B] alert [C] tie [D] treat5. [A] concept [B] message [C] review [D] trial6. [A] deliver [B] remove [C] weaken [D] interrupt7. [A] Unless [B] When [C] If [D] Though8. [A] change [B] continue [C] happen [D] disappear9. [A] owing to [B] rather than [C] regardless of [D] such as10. [A] disagree [B] discover [C] forgive [D] forget11. [A] food [B] pay [C] marriage [D] schooling12. [A] begin with [B] lead to [C] rest on [D] learn from13. [A] diligence [B] withdrawal [C] persistence [D] inquiry14. [A] self-deceptive [B] self-reliant [C] self-destructive [D] self-evident15. [A] trace [B] define [C] resist [D] replace16. [A] conceal [B] overlook [C] predict [D] design17. [A] pretend [B] remember [C] promise [D] choose18. [A] outcome [B] relief [C] plan [D] duty19. [A] where [B] why [C] whether [D] how20. [A] limitations [B] consequences [C] investments [D] strategiesSection ⅡReading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions after each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Text 1①It is curious that Stephen Koziatek feels almost as though he has to justify his efforts to give his students a better future.①Mr. Koziatek is part of something pioneering. ②He is a teacher at a New Hampshire high school where learning is not something of books and tests and mechanical memorization, but practical. ③When did it become accepted wisdom that students should be able to name the 13th president of the United States but be utterly overwhelmed by a broken bike chain?①As Koziatek knows, there is learning in just about everything. ②Nothing is necessarily gained by forcing students to learn geometry at a graffitied desk stuck with generations of discarded chewing gum. ③They can also learn geometry by assembling a bicycle.①But he’s also found a kind of insidious prejudice. ②Working with your hands is seen as almost a mark of inferiority. ③Schools in the family of vocational education “have that stereotype ... that it’s for kids who can’t make it academically,” he says.①On one hand, that viewpoint is a logical product of America’s evolut ion. ②Manufacturing is not the economic engine that it once was. ③The job security that the US economy once offered to high school graduates has largely evaporated. ④More education is the new principle. ⑤We want more for our kids, and rightfully so.①But t he headlong push into bachelor’s degrees for all—and the subtle devaluing of anything less—misses an important point: That’s not the only thing the American economy needs.②Yes, a bachelor's degree opens more doors. ③But even now, 54 percent of the jobs in the country are middle-skill jobs, such as construction and high-skill manufacturing. ④But only 44 percent of workers are adequately trained.①In other words, at a time when the working class has turned the country on its politicalhead, frustrated that the opportunity that once defined America is vanishing, one obvious solution is staring us in the face. ②There is a gap in working-class jobs, but the workers who need those jobs most aren't equipped to do them. ③Koziatek’s Manchester School of Technology H igh School is trying to fill that gap.①Koziatek's school is a wake-up call. ②When education becomes one-size-fits-all, it risks overlooking a nation's diversity of gifts.21. A broken bike chain is mentioned to show students’ lack of______.[A] practical ability[B] academic training[C] pioneering spirit[D] mechanical memorization22. There exists the prejudice that vocational education is for kids who______.[A] have a stereotyped mind[B] have no career motivation[C] are not academically successful[D] are financially disadvantaged23. We can infer from Paragraph 5 that high school graduates______.[A] used to have big financial concerns[B] used to have more job opportunities[C] are reluctant to work in manufacturing[D] are entitled to more educational privileges24. The headlong push into bachelor’s degrees for all______.[A] helps create a lot of middle-skill jobs[B] may narrow the gap in working-class jobs[C] is expected to yield a better-trained workforce[D] indicates the overvaluing of higher education25. The author’s attitude toward Koziatek’s school can be described as______.[A] supportive[B] tolerant[C] disappointed[D] cautiousText 2①While fossil fuels—coal, oil, gas—still generate roughly 85 percent of the world’s ener gy supply, it’s clearer than ever that the future belongs to renewable sources such as wind and solar.②The move to renewables is picking up momentum around the world: They now account for more than half of new power sources going on line.①Some growth stems from a commitment by governments and farsighted businesses to fund cleaner energy sources. ②But increasingly the story is about the plummeting prices of renewables, especially wind and solar. ③The cost of solar panels has dropped by 80 percent and the cost of wind turbines by close to one-third in the past eight years.①In many parts of the world renewable energy is already a principal energy source. ②In Scotland, for example, wind turbines provide enough electricity to power 95 percent of homes.③While the rest of the world takes the lead, notably China and Europe, the United States is also seeing a remarkable shift. ④In March, for the first time, wind and solar power accounted for morethan 10 percent of the power generated in the US, reported the US Energy Information Administration.①President Trump has underlined fossil fuels—especially coal—as the path to economic growth. ②In a recent speech in Iowa, he dismissed wind power as an unreliable energy source.③But that message did not play well with many in Iowa, where wind turbines dot the fields and provide 36 percent of the state’s electricity generation—and where tech giants like Microsoft are being attracted by the availability of clean energy to power their data centers.①The question “what happens when the wind doesn’t blow or the sun doesn’t shine?” has provided a quick put-down for skeptics. ②But a boost in the storage capacity of batteries is making their ability to keep power flowing around the clock more likely.①The advance is driven in part by vehicle manufacturers, who are placing big bets on battery-powered electric vehicles. ②Although electric cars are still a rarity on roads now, this massive investment could change the picture rapidly in coming years.①While there’s a long way to go, the trend lines for renewables are spiking. ②The pace of change in energy sources appears to be speeding up—perhaps just in time to have a meaningful effect in slowing climate change. ③What Washington does—or doesn’t do—to promote alternative energy may mean less and less at a time of a global shift in thought.26. The word “plummeting” (Para.2) is closest in meaning to______.[A] rising[B] falling[C] changing[D] stabilizing27. According to Paragraph 3, the use of renewable energy in America_____.[A] is as extensive as in Europe[B] is progressing notably[C] has proved to be impractical[D] faces many challenges28. It can be learned that in Iowa, ____.[A] wind energy has replaced fossil fuels[B] there is a shortage of clean energy supply[C] tech giants are investing in clean energy[D] wind is a widely used energy source29. Which of the following is true about clean energy according to Paragraphs 5 & 6?[A] Its application has boosted battery storage.[B] It is commonly used in car manufacturing.[C] Its continuous supply is becoming a reality.[D] Its sustainable exploitation will remain difficult.30. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that renewable energy____.[A] is not really encouraged by the US government[B] is not competitive enough with regard to its cost[C] will bring the US closer to other countries[D] will accelerate global environmental changeText 3①The power and ambition of the giants of the digital economy is astonishing—Amazon hasjust announced the purchase of the upmarket grocery chain Whole Foods for $13.5bn, but two years ago Facebook paid even more than that to acquire the WhatsApp messaging service, which doesn’t have any physical product at all. ②What WhatsApp offered Facebook was an intricate and finely detailed web of its users’ friendships and social lives.①Facebook promised the European commission then that it would not link phone numbers to Facebook identities, but it broke the promise almost as soon as the deal went through. ②Even without knowing what was in the messages, the knowledge of who sent them and to whom was enormously revealing and still could be. ③What political journalist, what party whip, would not want to know the makeup of the WhatsApp groups in which Theresa May’s enemies are curre ntly plotting? ④It may be that the value of Whole Foods to Amazon is not so much the 460 shops it owns, but the records of which customers have purchased what.①Competition law appears to be the only way to address these imbalances of power. But it is clumsy. ②For one thing, it is very slow compared to the pace of change within the digital economy. ③By the time a problem has been addressed and remedied it may have vanished in the marketplace, to be replaced by new abuses of power. ④But there is a deeper conceptual problem, too. ⑤Competition law as presently interpreted deals with financial disadvantage to consumers and this is not obvious when the users of these services don’t pay for them. ⑥The users of their services are not their customers. ⑦That would be the people who buy advertising from them—and Facebook and Google, the two virtual giants, dominate digital advertising to the disadvantage of all other media and entertainment companies.①The product they’re selling is data, and we, the users, convert our lives to data for the benefit of the digital giants. ②Just as some ants farm the bugs called aphids for the honeydew they produce when they feed, so Google farms us for the data that our digital lives yield. Ants keep predatory insects away from where their aphids feed; Gmail keeps the spammers out of our inboxes. ③It doesn’t feel like a human or democratic relationship, even if both sides benefit.31. According to Paragraph1, Facebook acquired WhatsApp for its______.[A] digital products[B] quality service[C] physical assets[D] user information32. Linking phone numbers to Facebook identities may ______.[A] pose a risk to Facebook users[B] mislead the European commission[C] worsen political disputes[D] mess up customer records33. According to the author, competition law ______.[A] should serve the new market powers[B] may worsen the economic imbalance[C] cannot keep pace with the changing market[D] should not provide just one legal solution34. Competition law as presently interpreted can hardly protect Facebook users because ______.[A] they are not financially reliable[B] they are not defined as customers[C] the services are generally digital[D] the services are paid for by advertisers35. The ants analogy is used to illustrate ______.[A] a typical competition pattern among digital giants[B] a win-win business model between digital giants[C] the benefits provided for digital giants’ customers[D] the relationship between digital giants and their usersText 4①To combat the trap of putting a premium on being busy, Cal Newport, author of Deep Work: Rules for Focused Success in a Distracted World, recommends building a habit of “deep work”—the ability to focus without distraction.①There are a number of approaches to mastering the art of deep work—be it lengthy retreats dedicated to a specific task; developing a daily ritual; or taking a “journalistic” approach to seizing moments of deep work when you can throughout the day. ②Whichever approach, the key is to determine your length of focus time and stick to it.①Newport also recommends “deep scheduling” to combat constant interruptions and get more done in less time. ②“At any given point, I should have deep work scheduled for roughly the next month. ③Once on the calendar, I protec t this time like I would a doctor’s appointment or important meeting,” he writes.①Another approach to getting more done in less time is to rethink how you prioritise your day—in particular how we craft our to-do lists. ②Tim Harford, author of Messy: The Power of Disorder to Transform Our Lives, points to a study in the early 1980s that divided undergraduates into two groups: some were advised to set out monthly goals and study activities; others were told to plan activities and golds in much more detail, day by day.①While the researchers assumed that the well-structured daily plans would be most effective when it came to the execution of tasks, they were wrong: the detailed daily plans demotivated students. ②Harford argues that inevitable distractions often render the daily to-do list ineffective, while leaving room for improvisation in such a list can reap the best results.①In order to make the most of our focus and energy, we also need to embrace downtime, or as Newport suggests, “be lazy.”①“Idleness is not just a vacation, an indulgence or a vice; it is as indispensable to the brain as vitamin D is to the body… [ idleness] is, paradoxically, necessary to getting any work done, ” he argues.①Srini Pillay, an assistant professor of psychiatry at Harvard Medical School, believes this counterintuitive link between downtime and productivity may be due to the way our brains operate.②When our brains switch between being focused and unfocused on a task, they tend to be more efficient.①“What people don’t reali se is that in order to complete these tasks they need to use both the focus and unfocus circuits in their brain,” says Pillay.36. The key to mastering the art of deep work is to____.[A] list your immediate tasks[B] make specific daily plans[C] keep to your focus time[D] seize every minute to work37. The study in the early 1980s cited by Harford shows that____.[A] daily schedules are indispensable to studying[B] students are hardly motivated by monthly goals[C] detailed plans may not be as fruitful as expected[D] distractions may actually increase efficiency38. According to Newport, idleness is ____.[A] an essential factor in accomplishing any work.[B] an effective way to save time and energy[C] a major contributor to physical health[D] a desirable mental state for busy people39. Pillay believes that our brains’ shift between being focused and unfocused______.[A] can result in psychological well-being[B] can bring about greater efficiency[C] is aimed at better balance in work[D] is driven by task urgency40. This text is mainly about______.[A] the key to eliminating distractions[B] the cause of the lack of focus time[C] ways to relieve the tension of busy life[D] approaches to getting more done in less timePart BDirections:Read the following text and answer the questions by choosing the most suitable subheading from the list A-G for each of the numbered paragraphs (41-45). There are two extra subheadings which you do not need to use. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)A.Just say itB.Be presentC.Skip the small talkD.Ask for an opinionE.Find the “me too” s, places, thingsG.Pay a unique complimentFive ways to make conversation with anyoneConversations are links, which means when you have a conversation with a new person a link gets formed and every conversation you have after that moment will strengthen the link.You meet new people every day: the grocery worker, the cab driver, new people at work or the security guard at the door. Simply starting a conversation with them will form a link.Here are five simple ways that you can make the first move and start a conversation with strangers.41.___________________Suppose you are in a room with someone you don't know and something within you says “I want to talk wit h this person”—this is something that mostly happens with all of us. You wantedto say something—the first word—but it just won't come out, it feels like it is stuck somewhere. I know the feeling and here is my advice: just get it out.Just think: what is the worst that could happen? They won't talk with you? Well, they are not talking with you now!I truly believe that once you get that first word out everything else will just flow. So keep it simple: “Hi”, “Hey” or “Hello”—do the best you can to gather all of the enthusiasm and energy you can, put on a big smile and say “Hi”.42.____________________It’s a problem all of us face; you have limited time with the person that you want to talk with and you want to make this talk memorable.Honestly, if we got s tuck in the rut of “hi”, “hello”, “how are you?” and “what's going on?”, you will fail to give the initial jolt to the conversation that can make it so memorable.So don't be afraid to ask more personal questions. Trust me, you’ll be surprised to see how much people are willing to share if you just ask.43.____________________When you meet a person for the first time, make an effort to find the things which you and that person have in common so that you can build the conversation from that point. When you start conversation from there and then move outwards, you’ll find all of a sudden that the conversation becomes a lot easier.44.____________________Imagine you are pouring your heart out to someone and they are just busy on their phone, and if you ask fo r their attention you get the response “I can multitask”.So when someone tries to communicate with you, just be in that communication wholeheartedly. Make eye contact. Trust me, eye contact is where all the magic happens. When you make eye contact, you can feel the conversation.45.____________________You all came into a conversation where you first met the person, but after some time you may have met again and have forgotten their name. Isn't that awkward!So, remember the little details of the people you met or you talked with; perhaps the places they have been to, the places they want to go, the things they like, the things they hate—whatever you talk about.When you remember such things you can automatically become investor in their wellbeing. So they feel a responsibility to you to keep that relationship going.That's it. Five amazing ways that you can make conversation with almost anyone. Every person is a really good book to read, or to have a conversation with!Section ⅢTranslation46. Directions:Translate the following text into Chinese. Write your translation on the ANSWER SHEET. (15 points)A fifth grader gets a homework assignment to select his future career path from a list of occupations. He ticks “astronaut” but quickly adds “scientist” to the list and selects it as well. The boy is convinced that if he reads enough, he can explore as many career paths as he likes. And sohe reads—everything from encyclopedias to science fiction novels. He reads so passionately that his parents have to inst itute a “no reading policy” at the dinner table.That boy was Bill Gates, and he hasn’t stopped reading yet—not even after becoming one of the most successful people on the planet. Nowadays, his reading material has changed from science fiction and reference books: recently, he revealed that he reads at least 50 nonfiction books a year. Gates chooses nonfiction titles because they explain how the world works. “Each book opens up new avenues of knowledge,” Gate s says.Section IV WritingPart A47. Directions:Suppose you have to cancel your travel plan and will not be able to visit Professor Smith. Write him an email to1) apologize and explain the situation, and2) suggest a future meeting.You should write about 100 words on the ANSWER SHEET.Do not use your own name. Use “Li Ming”instead.Do not write your address. (10 points)Part B48. Directions:Write an essay based on the chart below. In your writing, you should1) interpret the chart, and2) give your comments.You should write about 150 words on the ANSWER SHEET. (15 points)。

第I卷第二部分阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每小题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

ASome Great Mini Adventures in the UKIt’s time to come out of winter hibernation and get into the great outdoors. From souped-up bike rides to white water rafting for beginners, there’s an adventure here for everyone.Swim with seals, Lundy IslandSuits Water babiesDifficulty: ModerateThis small island off the coast of Devon has an abundance of wildlife to discover. The cliffs are home to scores of birds; the grassland harbours the Lundy pony and sika deer and the sea grey seals. It’s these sea mammals that offer the most memorable encounters. Well-known for getting up close and personal with snorkelers, they often nuzzle their human visitors (despite rules stating people should keep a distance!).Epic sunset picnic, EdinburghSuits EveryoneDifficulty: EasyRising above Edinburgh is the former volcano known as Arthur’s Seat. Glaciers later shaped it into a wedge-like hillock. It has several walking routes up to its 251-metre summit and a few free attractions to explore - from the ruins of an old fort to a 15th-century chapel and bird-rich Duddingston Loch. With its closeness to the shops, getting supplies for a picnic is a simple affair, and then you can climb to the top to watch the sun set over the city.A mini-pilgrimage, KentSuits Walkers on a questDifficulty: ModerateWith Spain’s Camino de Santiago drawing a record number of hikers, the UK has muscled in on therenaissance of walks with a spiritual slant. The British Pilgrimage Trust is working to establish the Old Way, an ancient pilgrimage (朝圣) route rediscovered from Britain’s oldest road map. To walk the 217-mile route from Southampton to Canterbury takes about a fortnight, but the last three days from Ham Street to Canterbury Cathedral - taking in ancient woodlands, a medieval castle, the ancient Saxon shoreline (now miles inland), holy wells and even a safari park, makes for a worthy wander no matter what your beliefs.21. On Lundy Island, what will probably make you most unforgettable?A. Birds.B. The Lundy pony and sika deer.C. The sea grey seals.D. Old buildings.22. Along the way up to the mountain in Edinburgh, you can .A. see a live volcanoB. visit some places of interestC. find many souvenir shopsD. watch the sunrise23. How long does it take to cover the 217-mile route from Southampton to Canterbury?A. Three days.B. A month.C. Two weeks.D. A quarter.BAfter September 11th, as it became apparent that the United States would bomb Afghanistan, an open letter written by an Afghan appeared on the Internet. It requested Americans to realize that Afghanistan was already a devastated country. It needed food, not vengeance; sympathy, not hate.The Kite Runner, a novel by Afghan-American writer Khaled Hosseini, takes this one step further. The first novel to be written in English by an Afghan, it spans the period from before the 1979 Soviet invasion until the reconstruction following the fall of the disgusting Taliban.The novel portrays the Afghans as an independent and proud people who for decades have defended their country against one invader after another. But the narrator wonders if his people will ever go beyond the range of the tribalism that continues to threaten Afghanistan’s integrity. “Maybe,” he thinks, “it was a hopeless place.”As a boy, Amir cowardly betrays his servant and best friend, the Hazara boy Hassan. When the Russians come, Amir and his father move to California, where Amir becomes a successful writer. He embraces America because it “had no ghosts, no memories, and no sins.” But when Amir learns that a childhood mentor is ailing back home, he returns to discover that his relationship to Hassan had been deeper than he realized. This leads him on a dangerous journey to rescue and adopt Hassan’s son, whose father the Taliban had executed.The novel derives its name from the Afghan custom of doing battle with kites. Although the book cancountry that, until that mournful September day, had been for too long ignored or misunderstood. And despite its more disturbing episodes, the novel ends with a note of optim ism about Afghanistan’s future, an optimism that the whole world would prefer to see unspoiled. Inshallah, as Afghans say: God willing.24. Why did an open letter by an Afghan appear on the Internet?A. Because Americans wanted to give a hand to Afghanistan.B. Because Afghanistan made another attempt to bomb America.C. Because it wanted to pour oil on the flames.D. Because it tried to avoid the revenge from America.25. What does the underlined word “this” refer to?A. Afghanistan is a prosperous country.B. Afghanistan needs a favor rather than hate.C. Afghanistan is to blame for September 11th.D. Afghanistan is rich in food,26. Which of the following statements about The Kite Runner is True?A. Amir feels guilty of betraying Hassan.B. It is ea sy for Amir to rescue Hassan’s son.C. Tribalism helps unite Afghanistan.D. Hassan is no more than Amir’s servant and best friend.27. According to the last paragraph, what does the author think of The Kite Runner?A. The novel conveys positive messages about Afghanistan.B. Misunderstanding over Afghanistan deepens after reading it.C. It is written in exaggerated and dark ways and brings readers a sense of pessimism.D. The novel fails to tell readers optimism about Afghanistan’s future.CAs with most of the famous figures whose passing now hits us via a news alert on our phones, I never met Stephen Hawking. In the vastness of the entire universe, you could say I was one speck and he was another. And yet I thought of him as a continual presence in my life, who -in the light of his illness, not to mention of his work on time - would always be there, somehow.Growing up disabled in Britain, I didn’t have many role models. There are hardly any statues of disableddisabled people have never really existed, and that when they did, it was as cripples to be pitied or burdens on society. In Hawking, we had a figure - brilliant, witty, kind - who confounded the negative stereotypes and the low expectations so often forced on those of us with a disability.He wasn’t without f aults. He was also afforded opportunities - from wealth to healthcare to being non-disabled throughout school - that clearly enabled his success, opportunities too few young disabled people, facing cuts to multiple strands of support, enjoy today. But his groundbreaking research, as well as tireless commitment to the NHS, established him as someone who, though physically stripped of his voice, should be listened to.This is not to say that Hawking’s disability didn’t help shape him. The thought that he had a sharply limited life expectancy - it was originally believed he would die within two years of his motor neuron disease diagnosis — by all accounts inspired Hawking to enjoy the present, and spurred on his hunger for scientific discovery. It is reminiscent of the countless “inspirational” memes and posters that throughout his life featured Hawking’s image — often using his body as inspiration for non-disabled people (“If he can succeed, so can you!”) or criticizing “lesser” disabled people (“The only disability is a bad attitude”). Hawking, like all of us, deserves more than lazy, ableist tropes.Amid all the tributes to Hawking’s contribution to scientific discovery, I would like to remember what he contributed - perhaps unknowingly - to many disabled people: a sense of pride, encouragement and hope. This was a genius who gained the world’s respect from his wheelchair. Hawking’s ac hievements alone will not have begun to overturn deep-seated prejudice, but he has played a significant part in shifting the misconceptions that still routinely mark too many disabled people’s lives. Hawking’s lesser-known lesson is one I hope others growing up disabled will be left with: we can all reach for the stars.28. The author and Stephen are .A. close friendsB. complete strangersC. famous scientistsD. disabled leaders29. Why does the author think disabled people have never really existed?A. Because the disabled seldom play a key role in society.B. Because the disabled are a burden to society.C. Because respect is shown to the disabledD. Because the disabled are not kind or smart.30. What does the underlined phrase “stripped of” probably mean?A. softened.B. kept down.31. Which of the following statements does the author agree with?A. Using Hawking as inspiration for non-disabled people is a compliment for the disabled.B. Hawking is a perfect man respected by the disabled.C. Hawking’s achievements in science have completely changed the prejudice against the disabled.D. Other disabled people deserve the same respect as that for Hawking.DFrom shopping centers and airports to concert venues and mobile phones, facial recognition technology can now be used in all of them due to advances in technology.U.S. company FaccFirst has developed facial recognition software that can help police. Officers can take a picture of a suspect with a smartphone. The photo then can be compared to a database to see whether the person has a criminal history.Facial recognition technology has made great advances in recent years. Machines can now match faces that are not in a controlled environment with good lighting and a full shot. A side shot or moving image of the face may be enough for artificial intelligence to make a match.“Where this is going is very exciting. We think about everyday items that we have that are going away. Our house keys, our car keys, our ATM cards, our passwords are all starting to go away and instead, we’re going to be using facial recognition.” Trepp said.The ability to capture an image of a person without permission is a gray area when it comes to privacy, especially when many smartphones now have facial recognition in them so photos taken by the phone can pull up faces of friends with a timestamp and location information.“There is visual of you, who you’re with, so it’s no longer just about your privacy. Whoever you’re with, the photos you’re taking of them, it’s like secondhand smoking - everybody you take a selfie with, etc., you’ve compromised as an individual their privacy, too, in some sense and we’re not seeking permission from any of them,” Natarajan said.“The n ew generation, I think, has a different perspective on privacy than we do. My kids, your kids, all of our kids are growing up in a much more shared experience world,” Natarajan added. “My biggest privacy concern is actually not the government, it’s the big companies where there are really no limits on how they can share data, what they can use it for, how they can exploit it.”“It’s a powerful tool and with power comes responsibility,” Trepp said. Facial recognition researchers say anot exploit it.32. Which of the following statements is True?A. Facial recognition technology can only be used for safety.B. With facial recognition we can easily find lost keys.C. Facial recognition technologies can take the place of police.D. Facial recognition is a powerful technology which needs guiding.33. Machines probably can not make a match .A. when the item is movingB. when it’s in p ure darknessC. when only a side shot is takenD. when it is in soft lighting34. Why did Natarajan think facial recognition is like secondhand smoking?A. Because it can be used as a way of prohibiting smoking in public.B. Because you will be addicted to taking selfies.C. Because no one is willing to take a photo with you.D. Because it violates other’s privacy unconsciously.35. What can we infer about the new generation’s opinion on facial recognition?A. It should be banned.B. They share the same concern about privacy with their parents.C. They are more likely not to care about the privacy problem it might bring.D. They are unwilling to share their experience.第二节（共5小题：每小题2分，满分10分）Brand is one of the most important things when starting a blog or any website, that name stays with you, everything you do is to build that name. 36 Below you’ll find 4 tried and true methods that you’ll find just as useful.1. Look at Competitors’ Blog NamesThis may seem like a no-brainer but doing your research on the kinds of blogs you’ll be competing against, will give you an idea of what type of name will work for your own blog. 37 However, it may just be the perfect nudge to get those creative juices flowing.2. Take Inspiration from BooksWhoever said yo u have to conform to rules when creating names? Why not take some advice from the World’sWith millions of books out there, it won’t take you long to find something that inspires and delight s for your new blog. 383. 39What happens if you’ve already come up with the perfect blog name, but it’s already registered elsewhere on the net? I’m sure we’ve all been there at some point and it’s incredibly frustrating, to say the least, but don’t write off your favorite name just yet.You can use the range of methods such as suffixes, phonemes, and prefixes to name a few, in order come up with alternative name suggestions that usually end up being even better.4. Use HumorLaughter and humor is an infectious tonic with the benefit of making your readers smile. Try boosting those endorphins by creating a blog name that portrays a wicked sense of humor.40 But if your tone of voice is fun, fresh and witty then there’s nothing to lose and is well worth giving a try.A. Play with WordsB. Use AbbreviationsC. It may not work for more professional blogs.D. Of course, you’re not going to be copying anyone.E. Because all are full to the brim with wonderful words.F. So it has to be something you’ll look back on as a great choice!G. Abbreviations are beneficial because they keep things short and sweet.第三部分英语知识运用（共两节，满分45分）第一节完型填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D)中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

湛江一中2012—2013学年度第一学期期中考试高二级英语科试卷Ⅰ．听力（共两节, 满分15分）Part A朗读部分只作为试听，不作为考试内容Part B: Role Play角色扮演（每小题1分, 共8分）In this part, you are required to act as a role and complete three communicative tasks: listen to the conversation, ask three questions and then answer five questions.（录音只听一遍。

）角色：你是David。

任务：（1）询问Alice其它相关信息；（2）根据对话内容回答问题。

单词：transfer 转移Please get ready to ask three questions in English according to the following Chinese tips.（请把问题填在横线上。

）1．你们打算什么时候搬家？Q: _______________________________________________________________________ 2．你们的孩子要转学吗？Q: _______________________________________________________________________ 3．你丈夫的新工作是什么？Q: _______________________________________________________________________ Please get ready to answer five questions in English.（请把答案填在横线上。

）4．现在请准备回答第一个问题。

A: _______________________________________________________________________ 5．现在请准备回答第二个问题。

Directions:For this part,you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the challenges of studyins dbroad.You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.Part II Listening Comprehension (25 minutes)Section ADirections:In this section,you will hear three news reports.At the end of each news report,you will hear two or three questions.Both the news report and the questions will be spoken only once.Afier you hear aquestion,you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A),B),C)and D).Then markthe corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 1 and 2 are based on the news report you have just heard.1.A)A man was pulled to safety after a building collapse.B)A beam about ten feet long collapsed to the ground.C)A rescue worker got trapped in the basement.D)A deserted 100-year-old building caught fire.2.A)He suffered a fatal injury in an accident. C)He was collecting building materials.B)He once served in a fire department. D)He moved into his neighbor's old house. Questions 3 and 4 are based on the news report you have just heard.3.A)Improve the maths skills of high school teachers.B)Change British people's negative view of maths.C)Help British people understand their paychecks.D)Launch a campaign to promote maths teaching.4.A)Children take maths courses at an earlier age.B)The public sees the value of maths in their life.C)British people know how to do elementary calculations.D)Primary school teachers understand basic maths concepts.Questions 5 and 7 are based on the news report you have just heard.5.A)He owns a fleet of aircraft. B)He is learning to be a pilot.C)He regards his royal duties as a burden. D)He held a part-time job for over 20 years.6.A) He can demonstrate his superior piloting skills.B)He can change his focus of attention and relax.C)He can show his difference from other royalty.D)He can come into closer contact with his people.7. A)They enjoyed his company.B)They liked him in his uniform.C)They rarely recognised him.D)They were surprised to see him.Section BDuettions:In this section,you will hear tuo long conversations.At the end of each conttersutton,you wiyrear Jour questions.Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once.Ayier you hear.question,you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A),B),C and D.Then marthe corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 8 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.8.A)They were skilled carpenters themselves. C)Wood supply was plentiful in Romania.B)It didn't need much capital to start with. D)They saw a business opportunity there.9.A)Provide quality furniture at affordable prices.B)Attract foreign investment to expand business.C)Enlarge their company by hiring more workers.D)Open some more branch companies in Germany.10.A)They are from her hometown. C)They all come from Romania.B)They are imported from Germany. D)They come from all over the continent.11.A)All across Europe. C)Mostly in Bucharest.B)Throughout the world. D)In Romania only.Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.12.A)Go to a concert with him and his girlfriend. C)Go with him to choose a pearl for Susan.B)Try out a new restaurant together in town. D)Attend the opening of a local restaurant.13.A)It is sponsored by local restaurants. C)It is especially popular with the young.B)It specializes in food advertizing. D)It provides information on local events.14.A)They design a special set of menus for themselves.B)They treat themselves to various entertainments.C)They go to eat at different stylish restaurants.D)They participate in a variety of social events.15.A)More restaurants will join Restaurant Week.B)This year's Restaurant Week will start soon.C)Bigger discounts will be offered this Restaurant Week.D)More types of food will be served this Restaurant Week.Section CDirections:In this section,you will hear three passages.At the end of each passage,you will hear three offour questions.Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once.After you hear a auestion,youmust choose the best answer from the four choices marked A),B),C)and D).Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre. Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.16.A)Rewarding them for eating vegetables.B)Exposing them to vegetables repeatedly.C)Improving the taste of vegetable dishes for them.D)Explaining the benefits of eating vegetables to them.17,A)They were disliked most by children. C)They were least used in Belgian cooking.B)They were considered most nutritious. D)They were essential to children's health.18.A)Vegetables differ in their nutritional value. C)Parents watch closely what children eat.B)Children's cating habits can be changed. D)Children's choices of food vary greatly. Onestions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just heard.19.A)Space exploration has serious consequences.B)India has many space exploration programs..C)There is quite a lot to learn about the moon.D)A lot of garbage has been left on the moon.20.A)It is costly to bring back. C)It is of no use on Earth.B)It is risky to destroy. D)It is damaged by radiation.21.A)Record details of space exploration.B)Monitor the change of Junar weather.C)Study the effect of radiation and vacuum on its materials.D)Explore the possibility of human settlement on the moon.Questions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.22.A)It is likely to remain a means of business communication.B)It is likely to be a competitor of various messaging apps.C)It will gradually be replaced by social media.D)It will have to be governed by specific rules.23.A)Save the message in their file.B)Make a timely response.C)Examine the information carefully.D)See if any action needs to be taken.24.A)It is to be passed on.B)It is mostly junk.C)It requires no reply.D)It causes no concern.25.A)Make it as short as possible.B)Use simple and clear language.C)Adopt an informal style of writing.D)Avoid using capitals for emphasis.Part III Reading Comprehension (40 minutes) Section ADirections:In this section,there is a passage with ten blanks.You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage.Read the passage through carefully before making your choices.Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter.Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.You may not use any of thewords in the bank more than once.Have you ever used email to apologize to colleague?Delivered a 26 to a subordinate(下属) with a voice-mail message?Flown by plane across the country just to deliver important news in person?The various communication options at our fingertips today can be good for 27 and productivity-and at the same time very troublesome.With so many ways to communicate,how should a manager choosethe one that's best 28 when the message to be delivered is bad or unwelcome news for the recipient?We've 29 business communication consultants and etiquette(礼仪)experts to come upwith the following guidelines for 30 using the alternative ways of delivering difficult messages.First of all,choose how personal you want to be,A face-to-face communication is the most31 .Other choices,in descending order of personalization,are:a real-time phone call,a voice-mail message,a handwritten note,a tvpewritten letter,and the most 32 is email.Some of these。

2021届广州市第十二中学高三英语下学期期中考试试卷及参考答案第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项AThe Middlerby Kirsty ApplebaumEleven-year-old Maggie lives in Fennis Wick, enclosed and protected from the outside world. Her brother Jed is the eldest, a hero. Her younger brother is Trig—everyone loves Trig. But Maggie's just a middler；she is left behind. In this book, we experience the sadness of being the forgotten middle child, the child with no voice, even in her own family.Dennis in Jurassic Barkby Nigel AuchterlounieBeanotown is in trouble again, and this time the danger is Jurassic! Dennis，latest adventure is filled with fun, including Vikings, Victorians and soon, along with puzzles for you to finish. Can you help Dennis save Beanotown from the prehistoric invasion?Little Book for Big Changesby Karen Ng and Kirsten LiepmannIncluding more than 100 activities, try-outs, games, puzzles and tips,Little Book for Big Changesoffers fun and creative ways to bring people together to help change the world. Understand more about big problems in the world such as inequality and climate change, and be empowered to help make the world a better place.The Saga of Erik the Vikingby Terry JonesIn this illustrated story, Erik the Viking sets out with his trusty team of men in search of the land where the Sun goes at night. On his journey, he will meet adventures that will put his courage to the test.1. Who told a story about an unseen child in a family?A. Terry Jones.B. Kirsty Applebaum.C. Nigel Auchterlounie.D. Karen Ng and Kirsten Liepmann.2. Which book is proper for kids who love prehistoric-related stories?A.The Middler.B.Little Book for Big Changes.C.Dennis in Jurassic Bark.D.The Saga of Erik the Viking.3. What is special aboutLittle Book for Big Changes"!A. It is about two people.B. It is an adventure book.C. It has picturesinside to help kids read.D. It teaches kids to care for the world.BYou don't generally expect to put yourself in the public eye whenyou go on vacation. However when a British couple, Jessica and Edward, flew to Crete, they found themselves attracting a lot of attention after coming across a large sum of money in the street.At first, their Crete vacation hadn't been anything outside of the norm. However, it was as they were exploring the souvenir shops that everything changed. The couple were just walking down the street when Jessica suddenly kicked something lying on the ground. It looked a bit like a make-up bag and so they assumed that someone had lost it.Without hesitation, Jessica picked up the bag and opened it. She was shocked to see a lot of money in it-a total of 7,100 Euros. There was probably a lot they could do with all that money. However, the couple didn't have it in them to steal what belonged to someone else. Going to the police was the first thought that came to mind when Jessica saw the money. She didn't consider that there was any other choice, so the couple handed over the money to the local police.The police found the owner, an elderly woman, and informed the couple that the woman wanted to meet them. When they eventually met at the police station, the woman was so overcome with emotion that she wouldn't stop hugging and blessing them, although they insisted they were just doing the right thing.News of what the couple had done quickly made its way around the island. The locals wanted to show them their gratitude. This included receiving free taxi rides and even an offer to have their hotel room upgraded. The couple appreciated the kindness, but it was all getting to be a bit too much. They just wanted to have a normal vacation.They are probably hoping that they fly a little more under the radar during their next vacation. There's only so much attention that these two lovebirds can handle.4. What is the first reaction of the couple after finding the money?A. They decided to do all with that money.B. They bought something in souvenir shops.C. They turned it over to the local police station.D. They tried to look for the owner by themselves.5. Which o£ the following can best describe the locals in Crete?A. Polite and hard-working.B. Kind and grateful.C. Sociable and honest.D. Rich and determined.6. Why do the couple hope to “fly a little more under the radar" in the last paragraph?A. They want to take fewer flights.B. They can't handle more radars.C. They hope to gain less attention.D. They don't have more money.7. What can we learn from the text?A. Good things come to kind people.B. The early bird catchesthe worm.C. Behind bad luck conies good luck.D. Money is too much for strangers.CCompared to dogs, cats are often considered to be aloof（冷漠的）with respect to their human owners. It is usual for them to be indifferent（无动于衷的）when humans calltheir names. Are we sure that they don’t understand human voices at all?A recent study published in the journal of Scientific Reports suggests that we’ve been fooled. Japanese scientists found that cats can recognize their names if their owners regularly use them. In the study, scientists recruited 78 domestic cats. They played recordings of voices of their owners saying five words: the first four words were random nouns thatresembledtheir names while the final word was the cat’s name. Then they observed the cats’ responses, if there were any.Most of cats moved their ears or heads when they heard their names, while they made no response to other words. That suggested, “cats were paying attention to you, what you say and what you do,” John Bradshaw, an expert on human-animal interactions（互动）at the University of Bristol, UK, told The Times. “And cats were just as good as dogs at learning,” she added.In the study, when people called their names, cats often associated (联系) the words with rewards, such as food or play, or with “punishments” such as having a bath or going to the vet . This made cats sensitive (敏感的) to words. After the cats had been called several times, they could respond to the words. But the scientists added that while dogs have evolved（进化）to follow their owners’ orders, cats have not. Although cats appear to be distant, they do have special relationships with their owners.According to study co-author Atsuko Saito, cats have evolved not to show their emotions as a survival method. One example is illness, which they tend to hide because “in the wild, no one can rescue them” andpredators (捕食性动物) are more likely to pay attention to them, Saito explained.However, technology may help bridge the communication gap between cats and us. There are now mobile apps available to explain what their meows mean. So, the next time you hear “meow, meow”,your cat may be telling you: “Hi, you haven’t cleaned my litter box recently.”8. What did the recent study find about cats?A. Cats can recognize their names.B. Cats are cleverer than dogs.C. Cats learn more slowly than dogs.D. Cats are willing to follow orders.9. What does the underlined word“resembled”in paragraph 2 probably mean?A. were limited toB. were different fromC. were similar toD. were away from10. Why do cats appear distant to their human owners?A. They associate words with punishments.B. They want to protect themselves from harm.C. They are not sensitive to the human voice.D. They don’t pay much attention to their surroundings.11. What can be inferred from the last paragraph?A. It is difficult to understand cats’ meows.B. Interaction with your cats is very important.C. Cats do have good relationships with their owners.D. We may know cats better with the help of technology.DTo Rehan Staton, his childhood was a life of privilege — loving parents, a supportive big brother and a pleasant, private school education. Everything changed when his mother left the country and his father lost his job.He had to sleep with a heavy jacket on when it was cold. He was always hungry. He said he couldn't concentrate at school and would sleep during class. He went from straight. As to near the bottom of his class. A teacher told him he needed special education, which made him hate school.Staton spent his high school years as an excellent athlete, raining to become a professional boxer. He had won a lot of martial arts competitions.But a tragedy struck him in his senior year when Staton suffered serious tendonitis (肌腱炎), in both shoulders. He couldn’t lift either arm for months. His dream of becoming aprofessional player failed. He struggled to apply to colleges but was refused byall of them.Staton’s body slowly recovered from martial arts and he got a job as a rubbish collector. Many co-workers couldn't help but ask him a simple question, “What are you doing here? You’re smart. You are too young to be here. Go to college.” It was the first time someone outside his family had spoken highly of his intelligence. It was the co-workers thatem enedhim to return to school.Several co-workers put Staton in touch with a professor atBowieStateUniversity. The professor was impressed with their conversation and persuaded the admissions board to change its former decision.Going to college forced Staton’s older brother, Reggie, to drop out. They both knew someone had to be working full time along with their dad. It was a decision Reggie made on his own.After receiving a 4.0, Staton succeeded in becoming a student at theUniversityofMaryland. But he still had a long way to go to attend Harvard Law eventually...12. What finally changed Rehan Staton’s happy childhood?A. His brother’s losing the job.B. His serious health problem.C. His father’s sudden death.D. His mother’s leaving the country.13. What does the underlined word “em ened” in the fourth paragraph mean?A. Force.B. Direct.C. Encourage.D. Accompany.14. Why did Staton’s elder brother have to drop out of school?A. He wanted his brother to study further.B. His father asked him to leave school.C. He had lost interest in most lessons.D. He had to go out to find his mother.15. What will the writer mainly talk about next?A. What Rehan Staton planned to do after entering Harvard.B. How Rehan Staton managed to be admitted to Harvard.C. Why Rehan Staton decided to choose to go to Harvard.D. When Rehan Staton would be successful in Harvard Law.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

2021年佛山市罗定邦中学高三英语下学期期中考试试卷及答案第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项AArtificial intelligence (Al) is practically everywhere today. There are so many products out there which use Al. Some are being developed, some are already in use, and some failed and are being improved, so it’s very difficult to name a few of them and regard them as the best.ViIt is an Al personal trainer which is mainly concerned with fitness and coaching. It, however, requires the use of bio-sensing earphones and other fitness tracking equipment! It can play your favourite music while you work out and all you have to worry about is the exercise you're doing.Deep TextDo you ever wonder how an ad appears suddenly just when you are looking for something similar? This is because of Deep Text. It uses real-time consumer information to produce data which in turn is used to target consumers. Thus, if you search online for flight tickets fromBangaloretoDelhi, it is very likely that an ad relating to hotels inDelhiwill soon follow.Hello EggIf you live alone and miss your mother because you always miss your breakfast or don’t know what to eat for dinner, then Hello Egg is exactly what you are looking for. A very healthy choice of the 2-minute noodles and oats, Hello Egg provides you with a detailed weekly meal plan about the needs of your body. It is truly a modern AI-powered home cooking tool for the young.WordsmithYou can put Mr. Smith into your Microsoft Excel using their free API, and let it write up detailed analysis of the stories behind your numbers. It can produce detailed reports on thousands of pages of spreadsheets in seconds.1. What can we learn about Vi from the text?A. It is an AI music player.B. It is a bio-sensing earphone.C. It doesn't work without bio-sensing earphones.D. It can make you more energetic while you work out.2. Which can help you improve cooking skill?A. Deep Text.B. Vi.C. Wordsmith.D. Hello Egg.3. What can Wordsmith do for us?A. Produce a detailed report.B. Provide us with a detailed meal plan.C. Book a ticket ahead of time.D. Offer us information on hotels for traveling.BWhen I was 9, we packed up our home in Los Angeles and arrived atHeathrow, London on a gray January morning. Everyone in the family settled quickly into the city except me. Without my beloved beaches and endless blue—sky days, I felt at a loss and out of place. Until I made a discovery.Southbank, at an eastern bend in the Thames, is the center of British skateboarding, where the continuous crashing of skateboards left your head ringing .I loved it. I soon made friends with the local skaters. We spoke our own language. And my favorite: Safe. Safe meant cool. It meant hello. It meant don't worry about it. Once, when trying a certain trick on the beam（横杆）, I fell onto the stones, damaging a nerve in my hand, and Toby came over, helping me up: Safe, man. Safe. A few minutes later, when I landed the trick, my friends beat their boards loud, shouting: “Safe! Safe! Safe!” And that's what mattered—landing tricks, being a good skater.When I was 15, my family moved to Washington. I tried skateboarding there, but the locals were far less welcoming. Within a couple of years, I'd given it up.When I returned to London in 2004, I found myself wandering down to Southbank, spending hours there. I've traveled back several times since, most recently this past spring. The day was cold but clear: tourists and Londoners stopped to watch theskaters. Weaving（穿梭）among the kids who rushed by on their boards, I found my way to the beam. Then a rail—thin teenager, in a baggy white T—shirt, skidded（滑）up to the beam. He sat next to me. He seemed not to notice the man next to him. But soon I caughta few of his glances. “I was a local here 20 years ago,” I told him. Then, slowly, he began to nod his head. “Safe, man. Safe.”“Yeah,” I said. “Safe.”4. What can we learn about the author soon after he moved to London?A. He felt disappointed.B. He gave up his hobby.C. He liked the weather there.D. He had disagreements with his family.5. What do the underlined words “Safe! Safe! Safe!” probably mean?A. Be careful!B. Well done!C. No way!D. Don't worry!6. Why did the author like to spend time in Southbank when he returned to London?A. To join the skateboarding.B. To make new friends.C. To learn more tricks.D. To relive his childhood days7. What message does the author seem to convey in the text?A. Children should learn a second language.B. Sport is necessary for children's health.C. Children need a sense of belongingD. Seeing the world is a must for children.CThe Jewish(犹太人）family-had-just finished supper and the woman had placed the dishes in the sink.The kitchen was quite damp and even gloomier than in the main room.It was their third apartment since the start of the war,they had abandoned the other two in a hurry.The woman came back into the room and sat down again at the table.The 3-year-old boy sat with his back straight,his eyes fixed on his father,but it was obvious that he was so sleepy that he could barely sit up.The man was smoking a cigarette.His eyes were blood-shot and he kept blinking in a funny way.This blinking had begun soon after they fled the second apartment.It was late,past ten o'clock and they could have gone to sleep,but first they had to play the game that they had been playing every day for two weeks.Even though the man tried his best and he moved very quickly,the fault was his and not the child's.The boy was.marvelous.Seeing his father put out his cigarette,he opened his blue eyes even wider.The woman,who didn't actually take part in the game, stroked the boy's hair.“We'll play the key game just one more time only today.Isn't that right?"she asked her husband.He didn't answer because he was not sure.They were still two or three minutes off.He arose and walked towards the bathroom door.Then the woman called out softly,“Ding-dong."At the sound of the bell ringing so musically from his mother's lips,the boy jumped up from his chair and ran to the front door,which was separated from the main room by a narrow corridor.“Who's there?"he asked.The woman,remaining in her chair,shut her eyes tight as if feeling a sudden, sharp pain.“I'l1 open up in a minute,I'm just looking for the keys,"the child called out. Then he ran back to the mainroom,making a lot of noise with his feet.He ran in circles around the table,pulled out one of the sideboard drawers,and slammed it shut.“Just a minute,I can't find them,I don't know where Mama put them,"he yelled,then dragged the chair across the room,climbed onto it,and reached up to the top of the shelf.“I found them!”he shouted triumphantly.Then he got down from the chair, pushed it back to the table,and calmly walked to the door and opened it.“Shut the door,darling,"the woman said softly."You were perfect.”The child didn't hear what she said.He stood in the middle of the room,staring at the closed bathroom door.“Shut the door, the woman repeated in a tired flat voice.Every evening she repeated the same words,and every evening he stared at the closed bathroom door.At last it opened.The man was pale and his clothes were streaked with lime and dust.He stood there,eyes blinking in that funny way.“Well?How did it go?"asked the woman.“I still need more time.He has to look for them longer.I slip in sideways allright,but then...It's so tight in there that when I turn...And he's got to make more noise-he should stamp his feet louder."The child didn't take his eyes off him.“Say something to him,"the woman whispered.＂You did a good job,little one,"he said mechanically.“That's right,”the woman said,“you're really doing a wonderful job,darling. You act just like a grown-up.And you do know that if someone should really ring the doorbell when Mama is at work,everything will depend on you?And what will you say when they ask you about your parents?”“Mama's at work.”“And Papa?"He was silent.“And Papa?"the man screamed in terror.The child turned pale.“And Papa?”the man repeated more calmly.“He's dead,”＂the child answered and threw himself at his father,who was standing right beside him,but already long dead to the people who would really ring the bell.8. What does the underlined sentence in Para.5 mean?A. The family needed to practise the game for another 2 or 3 minutes.B. There was still 2 or 3 minutes left before someone knocked at the door.C. They would become too sleepy to play the game 2 or 3 minutes later.D. The father needed 2 or 3 more minutes before the kid opened the door.9. Why did the boy make a lot of noise when he was looking for the key?A. Because he needed to drown out the noise caused by his father.B. Because he was too little and just couldn't control his footsteps.C. Because he was too anxious to find the key to open the door with.D. Because he met many barriers on his way to where the key was.10. In Para.12,why did the mother repeat“shut the door”in a tired,flat voice, instead of the previous soft one?A. She was angry because her son didn't close the door as he had been told to.B She felt anxious because she knew her husband would be annoyed at the boy again.C. She was disappointed because the boy's movement betrayed again where her husband was.D. She was impatient because she was asked to repeat these words again and again every evening.11. What is the best title of the passage?A. A Scary NightB. The Key GameC. My Father Is DeadD. An Innocent BoyDGetting drunk on ice cream used to be the stuff of dreams, but thanks to Will Rogers, inventor and owner of WDS Dessert Stations in Hinkley, Illinois, it has become a delicious reality. The Below Zero icecream machine uses a unique technique to freeze alcohol, which allows you to turn beers, cocktails and even spirits (烈酒) into delicious soft —serve ice cream.Rogers was trying to create a highly — caffeinated espresso ice cream flavor when he realized hecould use the same technique with alcoholic beverages. He started experimenting with various gums and stabilizers commonly used in the ice cream industry and eventually patented something called the NEA gel. It’s this magical concoction (调制品) that allows the alcohol to freeze to a near solid inside the Below Zero ice cream machine.Even though Below Zero changes the texture (质地) of beer, cocktails and even spirits, essentially turning them into soft —serve ice cream, it does not affect the alcohol contentat all. The ABV (酒精度) remains exactly the same, which means you can get drunk on ice — cream just as you would on the same concoctions in liquid form.Will Rogers claims that it takes around 30 minutes for beer to go from liquid to ice cream form, but higher alcohol content drinks take longer. Essentially, the higher the alcohol level, the longer the wait.The American inventor plans to sell Below Zero ice cream machines to bars and breweries wanting to surprise their patrons. Metro reports that machines will sell for about 6,000.12. What’s the name of the machine which can change beer and spirits into ice cream?A. Will RogersB. WDS Dessert StationsC. HinkleyD. Below Zero13. What makes alcohol to freeze to a near solid inside the machine?A. gums.B. stabilizers.C. NEA gel.D. ABV.14. What can we know from the passage?A. The machine can change all liquids into ice cream.B. It takes 20 minutes for beer to change into ice cream.C. The higher the alcohol level, the shorter the wait will be.D. The machine changes the texture of beer, cocktails and even spirits.15. What can we infer from the passage?A. The machine affects the alcohol content.B. You can get drunk if you have ice—creams made from spirits.C. The American inventor doesn’t want to sell themagical machine.D. Bars and breweries will not become potential buyers of the machine.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。