最新《英美文学》练习题库及答案

英美⽂学欣赏考题整编及答案解析Part One：English Poetry1.William Shakespeare Sonnet 18Why does the poet compare `thee` to a summer’s day And who could `thee` beBecause summer’s day and thee both represent beauty . thee could be beauty, love.What picture have you got of English summer, and could you explain whyWarm, beautiful, sunshine. Because summer is the best season of a year ,the most beautiful season. It is like our May.How does the poet answer the question he puts forth in the first lineThee is more beautiful than summer.What makes the poet think that “thou”can be more fair than summer and immortalBecause humanism is more eternal than summer and immortal.What figures of speech are used in this poemSimile, metaphor, personification, oxymoron and so on .What is the theme of the poemLove conquers all, Beauty lives on.2. Thomas Nashe SpringRead the poem carefully, pay attention to those image- bearingwords, and see how many images the poet created in the poem and what sense impressions you can get from those images.There is “Blooms each thing, maids dance in a ring, the pretty birds do sing, the palm and may make country houses gay, Lambs frisk' and play, the shepherds pipe all day, And we hear aye birds tune this merry lay, The fields breathe sweet, the daisies kiss our feet, Young lovers meet, old wives a-sunning sit, In every street these tunes bur ears do greet!”The “Young lovers meet, old wives a-sunning sit，”impressions me most because of the harmony of the people’s relationship.Can you point out and explain the sound and their musical effect in the poemIn the Poem, each section has four lines, each line has ten syllables ( five tone step ) . In order to give the reader a spring breeze , streams , flowers , winding , Song Xin texture of sound and light flavor, Naixi greater uses English word S , z , f , V , R , L , and θconsonants means. In Naixi's poem, the use of phonological is also very harmonious, very smooth , very mellow. Section I of the poetry has Three pairs [ ing ] , section II of the poem has three pairs [ ei ] and the third quarter has three pairs [i : ].3.John Donne A Valediction: Forbidding MourningWhat is a “valediction”any way Is the speaker in the poemabout to die? Why does the speaker forbid mourning?No, it is about the lovers’separation. As the poem metaphors, the poet believed he and his wife’s love is sacred, he didn’t hope they cry when separation comes, let their love be stained by the ordinary and mundane.In the first verse, the poet used virtuous men’s death metaphor for lovers’separation, in the third verse he used “moving of the earth”and “trepidation of the spheres”metaphor for lovers’separation and the result of separation, in the last three verse he used stiff twin compasses’two legs metaphor for poet himself and his wife. All these metaphors show poet opinion that he will separate from his wife in peace, their love is a scared love, when they away from each other, they will not be hurt by the painof the separation. He and his wife will not really separate. They care about each other and listen to the other one’s heart, their trust and loyalty makes their love perfect like the circle made by a twin compasses.4.William Blake The TigerWhat is the symbolic meaning of the tigerThe symbol of the Tiger is unclear what it exactly symbolizes, but scholars have hypothesized that the Tiger could be inspiration, thedivine, artistic creation, history, the sublime, or vision itself. The list is almost infinite. The point is, the Tiger is important, and Blake’s poem barely limits the possibilities. Here are two major symbolisms:The tiger is the embodiment of God's power in creation.The tiger shows the force of French Revolution.What paradox can you find in the poem"Did he who made the Lamb make thee?" It challenges the one-track religious views of the 18’s century. The view only concluded that god create the lame, he is so kind a father. But it didn’t know god also create the tough tiger. He can also be very serious. The god is someone who can’t be truly understood by human beings.5.Robert Burns A Red, Red RoseHow dose the narrator in the love song express his loveIn stanza 1, the narrator presents two similes, the first comparing his love to a rose and the second comparing his love to a melody.In stanza 2, the narrator addresses the young lady as bonnie. In the last line of the stanza, he presents hyperbole, a figure of speech that exaggerates.In stanza 3, the man promises eternal love for her.In stanza 4, the poet vows to love her however far he may go.Why is this poem so touching to the readersBecause this poem professes the poet’s true love for his beloved girl, and uses the mentioned above to touch the readers. 6.William Wordsw orth I Wandered Lonely as a CloudWhat does the poet seeHe sees some daffodils.What is the poet’s mood before he sees the daffodilsVacant and pensive.What is the poet’s mood after he sees the daffodilsHe is very pleasant.How does the magical change occurThose daffodils show a fantastic picture to the poet, and the poet has been deeply affected by the scene, and his mood changes.What is the theme of the poem Or what does the poet want to tell youIt shows the beauty of nature, and the nature’s beauty uplifts the human spirit, and the harmony between human and nature.7.Robert Browning My Last Duchess1. In this poem, who and on what occasion is speaking to whomThe Duke is the speaker of the poem, and tells us he is entertaining an emissary who has come to negotiate the Duke’smarriage (hehas recently been widowed) to the daughter of another powerful family.What sort of person is the Duke’s last DuchessShe is kind, easy-going, innocent and lively.And what became of her in the endShe became very upset and worrying. The duchess died under suspicious circumstances on April 21, 1561, just two years after he married her. She may have been poisoned.2. What sort of person is the DukeHe is outrageously arrogant, narrow-minded, selfish, hypocritical, cold-blooded, crucial, greedy and treacherous.8.Walt Whitman O Captain! My Captain!Q:Walt Whitman’s poem “O Captain! My Captain!”is written in the form of an allegory. What is the overall connotative meaning in the poem?A: Ship’s implied meaning is America; My captain’implied meaning is Abraham Lincoln who leaded America to triumph in American Civil War then; our fearful trip’s implied meaning is American Civil War after which Lincoln was assassinated. In this poem author spoken highly of Lincoln’contribution and expressed his sorrow for Lincoln’death.9.Emily Dickinson (1)Success is counted sweetest (67)According to the poem, who can understand success most Do you agree or not with the poet’s view that “Success is counted sweetest by those who ne’er succeed”?The person who best understands the meaning of success is the person who failsWhat sort of feelings does the poet show toward the victor and the defeatedThe poet shows her awareness of the complicated truths of human desire. Success can be comprehended by someone who need it;the defeated, dying man understand victory more clearly than the victorious army does.(2)Because I could not stop for Death (712)How many people are there in the carriage And where are they going right nowThere are three in the carriage, the Poet, Death, and Immortality. ?Where did they pass? What can these places remind us of?They passed the school, the fields of Gazing grain, the Setting Sun. It reminds us of childhood, maturity and old age, the children are evident symbols of the beginning of things, the grain rip of the adulthood, and the sun setting of the rest of the days.What is the poet’s attitude toward death and life implied in the poemThe poet’s attitude is that death is nothing to be forced since it is natural part of the endless cycle of nature, it’s only the beginning ;to die is to go on another journey, although death takes one away from the earthy world ;there is still something to look forward to when one dies, death means eternity.10.Robert Frost Stopping by Woods on a Snowy EveningWhy did the speaker stopLiterally he was fascinated by the beautiful night scene and stoped his horse to watch the woods fill up with the snow,it was also a little break for the long travel. But in fact,it's symbolism,the 'woods' stands for the nature,the 'village' stands for the human world, 'horse' for the animal world. The poem represents a moment of relaxation from the burdensome journey of life, an almost aesthetic enjoyment and appreciation of natural beauty which is wholesome and restorative against the chaotic existence of modern man.Why did he later decide to goAs the last sentence said 'But I have promises to keep,And miles to go before I sleep.'His 'horse' shake the bell to ask if they should go,which is actuallya symbol of vitality, urges him to go. He lives in the real life, and hehas his own obligation "promise to keep',he hasn't achieve it, so hemust go on his trip,leave the beautiful scene.Though the scene is so amazing,he has to have the real life. Though the real life is so hard,he must back to it,and reach his goal. One leaves no regrets after he dies, as long as one has reached his goal. What is your understanding of “promises to keep”“The promise”could be an obligation or a goal. One cannot die before fulfilling one’s dream. The poet uses “sleep”to represent death, just as we usually do. People have their own dream or goal,it's also the duty for us to finish, we live for ourselves and we make life wonderful by keeping on reaching our goal,no regrets leaves as long as we have reached our goals.11. Ezra Pound In a Station of the MetroPart Two: English Fiction12. Jonathan Swift Gulliver’s TravelsIn this chapter, Swift describes the smallness of the Lilliputians.What does this “smallness”imply in the author’s satire of the aristocratic bourgeois society of the time?Key: The Lilliput scene depicted in the first volume of the novel is a microcosm of the British Empire. The perennial endless struggle between UK Tories and Whigs and external war are essentially just politicians intrigue in the section has nothing to do with the national economy and the people's livelihood. The “smallness”imply that …What is the cause of the civil strife and war between Lilliput and the neighbouring empire of Blefuscu? What is the target of the author’s satire?(1)Key: The parties are divided as high-heeled party and low-heeledparty according to the height of the heel. The relationship between parties is irreconcilable; Neighboring countries not only want to conquer and enslave the other, but also argue about trifles such as which head we should knock when we will eat eggs .(2) Key: The author uses irony and innuendo tactics to reflect the British social contradictions among first half of the 18th century, to criticize the British parliamentary politics and reactionary religious forces, to expose the corruption and evil of the ruling clique, and to criticize the hazards of a war of aggression and colonialism.13Jane Austen Pride and Prejudice1.Do you agree with the statement “it is truth universallyacknowledged that a single man in possession of a good fortune must be in want of a wife”? What is the relationship between money and marriage?Key: (1) I agree with this statement. In my view, a bachelor who has lots of money is supposed to have a wife to company him. The amount of money demonstrates the ability of a person. The beauties and the wits should come together.(2) First, the relationship between marriage and money is very close; we can say that the money is the basis of marriage. This is just from the material conditions of life. However, the amount of money can’t measure the quality of marriage. A determinant of marriage is the couple's feelings, and if the lack of the feelings, life is not a happy marriage even though has more money.2.What do you think of Mrs. Bennet? How can you characterize her? Key: (1) Mrs. Bennet - a foolish, noisy woman whose only goal in life is to see her daughters married. Because of her low breeding and often unbecoming behavior, Mrs. Bennet often repels the very suitors whom she tries to attract for her daughters.(2) Mrs. Bennet is a miraculously tiresome character, who is noisy and foolish. And Mrs. Bennet is totally obedient and submissive in her marriage. Mrs. Bennet is a self-centered woman with the attitude that what is good enough for her is good enough for her children.14. Emily Bronte Wuthering Heights1.What is the main plot of the whole novel? What causes the tragicending of the love between Heathcliff and Catherine? Would it have been possible, under the circumstances, for the victimized lovers to find a way out?Key: Novel’s theme is vengeance. Katherine's character flaws is the root causes of the tragedy, Heathcliff to lost love human distortion conducteda series of revenge activities, the capitalist society for the generation of tragedy provides fertile soil. If Heathcliff get marry with Katherine, they’ll be happiness.2.Is Heathcliff’s revenge upon the Earnshaw and Linton familiesjustifiable? What is the author’s attitude toward Heathcliff, judging from the final futility of the revenge?Key: For the vengeance of the people is right .but it’s wrong in law. It’s love, but Heathcliff’s love is crazy.15. Kate Chopin The Story of an HourWhat kind of character is Louise MallardKey: Mrs. Mallard is a sympathetic character with strength and insight.What are the themes of this short storyKey: It’s mainly about the awakening of feminine awareness and the fruitless struggle of women for freedom in a man-centered world. It is about marriage bondages and celibacy freedom.What do “heart trouble”and “the open window”symbolize Key: (1) heart trouble symbolizes(2) the open window symbolizes16. Earnest Hemingway Hills like White Elephants1. What is a “white elephant ”according to the dictionary definition What does a “white elephant”symbolize in the story (1) Key: a: a property requiring much care and expense and yieldinglittle profitb : an object no longer of value to its owner but of value toothersc : something of little or no value(2)Key: The woman is pregnant, and the White Elephant is a hint ofthe body of the women. The fact that the two. This matter becomes a heavy burden for the two people.2. List the evidence that tells what kind of operation Jig is confronting. How risky is it physically and emotionally (1) evidence:1. 'It's really an awfully simple operation, Jig,' the man said. 'It's notreally an operation at all.'2. 'I know you wouldn't mind it, Jig. It's really not anything. It's justto let the air in.'3. 'They just let the air in and then it's all perfectly natural.'4. 'I know we will. Yon don't have to be afraid. I've known lots of people that have done it.'5. 'But I know it's perfectly simple.'(2) Key:1. Do affect her health, result that the body is badly weakened andbe reduced immunity in the aspect of physical.2. Do be Frustrated, empty and depressed mood which leads tothat she can not be quiet in the aspect of emotion.3. Has Jig made up her mind to do the operationKey: The question about whether to do an abortion, the article comes a stop suddenly at the end. So we can’t make sure whether Jig has made up her mind to do the operation.4. If the operation is something already decided on, then what upsets Jig What is the real conflict between the couple Key: (1) She worries that she could not get happiness as before with the man. She upsets that he would leave her for ever.(2) The real conflict between the couple is that whether the man likes the women from the deep heart and their attitudes towards life. ? 5. What kind of girl is Jig? How is their relation like? Does the American love Jig?Key: (1) She is restless and confused and longing for the deeper love from the man.(2) There could be many situations: first, a married man compels his lover to have a abortion; second, as a bachelor, he worries the baby would make his life be complex and so on.(3) Because of the various situations, we could not make an accurate conclusion that the man loves Jig. However, on some degree the man loves the woman by analyzing the conversation betweenthem.6. What is Hemingway’s styleKey: Hemingway’s style is laconic. The characteristic is reflected in thatWhen writing, he is very clear what kind of content could pit one against ten. It is both an immediate situation and also containing other deeper meanings, which can be informed in the way of exploring something by the readers.17.William Faulkner A Rose for Emily1. What is the meaning of the titleKey: A rose is a funeral flower. It’s author’s tribute to Emily, and also to south, Emily is the symbol. And it has an ironic meaning to this story.2. What kind of woman is Miss EmilyKey: She is embodiment of south, the old and traditional, also obstinate, resists to change anything ,a determined，dignified, valiant and literate woman.3. How did the townspeople think of herKey: The townspeople had mixed feelings—she was “dear inescapable, impervious, tranquil”, and perverse. Also she was always expected to bring honor to the town and set a good example for the young.4. What is the symbolic meaning of Emily’s houseKey: Emily’s house, like Emily herself, is a monument, the only remaining emblem of a dying world of southern aristocracy, also represents alienation and death.5. What is special about the narration of this storyKey: The writing style of the novel is using flashbacks and narration interspersed with flashbacks. The author let us know the independent but closely related events skillfully under the premise of being not exposed the true intentions, which makes us draw attention to the development of the plot without boring.Part Three: English Drama18. William Shakespeare Hamlet, Prince of Denmark1. Why does sleep appear to be so fearful for Hamlet even though it can put an end to the numerous headaches in our lifeKey: As described in the text, Hamlet thinks that sleep is different from death. Death means the end of life, you may go to the unknown world and you can’t comeback. If he dies, Hamlet can’t realize his will. Sleep can’t end the heartache and the thousand natural shocks. He can’t revenge and get relief through this way. He is frightened by the possible suffering in the long “dream”. He can’t predict what will happen in the sleep, may be good or evil.2. Why would most people prefer to bear all the sufferings in life rather than choose death as a means to end themKey: 1. As it goes that ‘Adversity makes growth’, by solving the problems we can acknowledge plenty of skills and overcome the sufferings in life. If we choose death as a means to end them, it is too passive for us to face the obstacles in life, which will lead to the failure in life.2. Because people hold the same idea "to grunt and sweat under aweary life, but that the dread of something after death-the undiscovered country, form whose bourn no traveler returns-puzzle the will, and make us rather bear those ills we have than fly to others that we don’t know.”People also are frightened by the myths in another world after death.Romeo and JulietWhat does it mean when Juliet says “That which we call a rose / By my other name would smell as sweet”Key:In Shakespeare's time, name on behalf of their family, and his family represents the social status. And personal just only on behalf of their inner identity.And Juliet says strongly reflects her humanist outlook on life and the concept of the ideal. 19. Oscar Wilde The Importance of Being Earnest1.How do you understand the title of the play? What is your impressionof Gwendolen? What are the most striking traits in Lady Bracknell’s character?(1) Key: Here is a pun. It’s important to be a serious man. And the author wants to satirize the triviality with which it treats institutions as serious as marriage, and the resulting satire of Victorian ways.(2) Key: She advocates sincere, do be intelligent and friendly, and is able to forgive the mistakes of others. She do be a earnest person.(3) Key: Lady Bracknell embodies the stereotype of the Victorian English aristocrat woman. She belongs to aristocratic society and is a typical Victorian snob, who is arrogant, formal and concerned with money. She is interested only in a materialistic world.20. Eugene O’Neill The Hairy Ape1.Yank assumes more than once the posture of Rodin’s “The Thinker”in the play. What does it have to do with the play’s motif and tone?What are the major images and symbols employed in the play to dramatize the theme?(1) Key: 1. The themes of this article are modern man loses his sense of belonging under technological progress and humanity is in a predicament by creating a world he does not belong to.2. The Thinker is often painful, which demonstrates the profoundly tragic matter of modern people like Yank: he is thinking and looks forward to a better life, but he doesn’t find the answer. In O'Neill’s opinion, there exists no answer. Therefore, he is destined to be a loser.3. In summary, the description of his behavior makes the thememore significant.2.Why do you think the play is subtitled “A Comedy of Ancient andModern Life in Eight Scenes”？Key: 1. The hairy ape is a comedy of ancient and modern life which shows O'Neill's social concern for the oppressedindustrial working class. It presents an extremely negative view of the state, of mechanized America, where the worker best adjusted to the system is a “hairy ape,”and where the “Capitalist class”is even more terribly dehumanized , for it has lost all connection with life , is simply “a procession of gaudy marionettes.”2. The play was created in 20th century when western people suffered unprecedented intellectual crisis. Human beings lost their absolute value, which made people fall into confusion and desperation. Besides, man’s desire to emotions was ignored in the rapid development of technology. People put existence of individuality first at that time.3. Numerous obstacles and frustrations occur in the way of Yank’s seeking for his position, which reflects survival crisis of most modern people. The more people think about, the clearer people realize about freedom.。

（完整版）《英美文学》练习题库及答案I Of the four alternative answer, choose the one that would best complete the statement:1. Benjamin Franklin was born in the family of a small ___________ .A. LandlordB. merchantC. lawyerD. clergyman2. Ralph Waldo Emerson 'asdilneg reputation began with the publication of ___________ .A. EssaysB. NatureC. OversoulD. Self-Relience3. Ellen Poe was both a poet and a ____________________ .A. dramatistB. essayist C actor D. fiction writer.4. Nathaniel Hawthorne ' s view of man and human history originates in __________________ .A. PuritanismB. SocialismC. TranscendentalismD. naturalism5. Walt Whitman was born and brought up in a family of a _____________ .A. PeasantB. carpenterC. captainD. printer6. Mark Twain ' s first successful literary work is _____________________________ .A. The Celebrated Jumping Frog of Calaveras CountyB. Life on the MississippiC. The Adventure of Tom SawyerD. The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn7. Closely related to Emily Dickinson ' s religious poetry are her poems concerning ________________A. ChildhoodB.youth and happinessC. lonelinessD. death and immortality8. Among the works of Dreiser, the bet known to the Chinese readers is _______________ .A. An American TragedyB. Sister CarrieC. Th FinancierD. The Titan9. Robert Frost ' s works mainly focus on the landscape and people in ___________________ .A. the WestB. American SouthC. New EnglandD. Mississippi10. Most of the plays Eugene O l w 'roNt e ilare ______________________ .A. comediesB. . romancesC. historical plays D tragedies11. Scott Fitzgerald is often acclaimed literary spokesman of the ____________________ .A. modern timeB. young AmericansC. Jazz AgeD. Guilded Age12. ____________________________ is Hemingway ' smasterpiece, which is about the old fishermanSantiago and his losing battle with a giant marlin.A. Farewell to ArmsB. For whom the Bell TollsC. The Sun Also RisesD. The Old Man and The Sea13. As a great fiction writer, William Faulker devotes most of his works to the description of the life and the people in the _______________________________ .A. American WestB. New England in AmericaC. American SouthD. American North14. When he was young, Benjamin Franklin became an apprentice in a ________________ .A. printing houseB. storeC. Tailor ' s shopD. factory15. Ralph Emerson was born in a family of a ___________________ .A. merchantB. businessmanC. clergymanD. writer16. Ellen Poe began his literary career by writing _________________ ;A. short storiesB. playsC. essaysD. poems17. According to Nathaniel Hawthorne, there is ________ in every hearer, which may remain latent, perhaps,英美文学》练习测试题库及答案本科through the whole life; but circumstances may rouse it to activity.A. evilB. virtueC. kindn essD. tragedy18. Whitman is radically innovative in term of form of his poetry. What he prefers for his new subjects and new feeli ngs is ____________ .A. bla nk verseB. free verseC. heroic coupletD. sonnet19. Mark Twain shaped the world ' s view of America and made a comb in ati on of serious literature and _______A. America n folk humorB. En glish folkloreC. America n traditi onal valuesD. funny jokes20. Altogether, Emily Dick inson wrote ____ poems, of which only sever n had appeared duri ng her lifetime.A. 1145B. 1775C. 897D. 78521. Theodore Dreiser is gen erally ack no wledged as one of America' s literaryA. realistsB. n aturalistsC. roma ntistsD. modernists 22. In Frost ' s poems, images and metaphors in his poems are drawn from ___________________A. the simple country lifeB. the urba n lifeC. the life on the seaD. the adve ntures and trips23. Scott Fitzgerald never spared an intimate touch in his fiction to deal with the bankruptcy of the24. Eugene O ' Neill is regarded as the founder of American _____________________ .A. poetryB. dramaC. ficti onD. literature25. _________________ is Hemingway ' s masterpiece, which tellsa story about the tragic love of a woundecAmerican soldier with a British nurse.C. For Whom the Bell Tolls 26. William Faulk ner was born ina family of a ______________________ .A. mercha ntB. colonelC. man agerD. doctor27. In his essays, ______ p ut forward his philosophy of the over soul, the importa nt of the In dividual and Nature.A. Natha niel HawthorneB. Washi ngton IrvingC. Mark Twai nD. Ralph Waldo Emers on28. The chief spokesma n of New En gla nd Transcenden talism is _______A. Natha niel HawthorneB. Ralph Waldo Emers onC. Henry David ThoreauD. Wash ington Irvi ng29. _____ l iterary world turns out to be a most disturbed, tormented and problematical one, which has much to do with his black” vision of life and human beings.A. Herma n Melville'sB. Washi ngton Irvi ng'sC. Nathaniel Hawthorne'sD. Walt Whitman s30. Most of the poems in ____ sing of the en-masse and the self as well.A. Leaves of GrassB. Drum TapsC. North of Bost onD. The Can tos31. In ____ , Whitma n airs his sorrow at Preside nt Lin colnsdeath.A. Cavalry Crossing a FordB. A Pact ”C. When Lilacs Last in the Dooryard Bloom 'dD. There was a Child Went Forth ”A. America n DreamB. ruli ng classes B. America n Capitalists D.America n bourgeoisieA. A Farewell to ArmsB. The Sun Also RisesD. In Our Time32.In ___ , Whitman's own early experience may well be identified with the childhood of a young growingAmerica.A. “A Pact”B. “Song of Myself ”C. “There was a Child Went Forth”D. “Cavalry Crossing a Ford”33.In _____ , Hawthorne sets out to prove that everyone possesses some evil secret.A. “The Custom-House”B. “Young Goodman Brown”C. “Rappaccini's Daughter”D. “The Birthmark"34. _____ is called by Hemingway the one from which“all modern American literature c omes”.A. The adventures of Huckleberry FinnB. The Adventures of Tom aSwyerC. The Gilded AgeD. Life on the Mississippi35. Theodore Dreiser's forgiving treatment of the career of his heroine in ____ also draws heavily upon thenaturalistic understanding of sexuality.A McTeague B. An American Tragedy C. Sister Carri e D. The Genius36. _____ is a great giant of American, whom H.L.Mencken considers “the true father of our nationalliterature.”A. Henry JamesB. Washington IrvingC. Mark TwainD. Theodore Dreiser37. _____ is usually regarded as a classic book written for boys about their particular horrors and joys.A. The Adventures of Tom SawyerB. The Adventures of Huckleberry FinnC. Innocents AbroadD. Life on the Mississippi38. _____ is described by Mark Twain as a boy with“a sound heart and a deformed conscienc”e.A. Tom SawyerB. Huckleberry FinnC. JimD.Tony39. _______ is considered to be Theodore Dreise'sr greatest work.A. An American TragedyB. Sister CarrieC. The FinancierD. The Titan40. The leading playwright of the modern period in American literature, if not the most successful in all hisexperiments, is ______A. Arthur MillerB. Tennessee WilliamC. George Bernard ShawD. Eugene O'Neil41. The well- known soliloquy by Hamlet “ T o be , or not to be ' shows hisA. hatred for his uncleB. love for lifeC. resolution of revengeD. inner- strife42. _______ is a play that concerns the problem of modern ma'sn identity.A. The Hairy ApeB. Long Day's Journey Into NightC. The Iceman ComethD. The Emperor Jones43.In a tragic sense, ______ is a representation of life as a struggle against unconquerable forces in whichonly a partial victory is possible.A. For Whom the Bell TollsB. In Our TimeC. The Old Man and the SeaD. A Farewell to Arms44. Faulkner once said that _________ is a story of “ lost innocence,'which proves itself to be andintensification of the theme of imprisonment in the past.A. The Sound and the FuryB. Light in AugustC. Go Down, MosesD. Absalom, Absalom! 45.In A Rose for Emily, Faulkner makes best use of the __________________________ devices in narration.A. RomanticB. RealisticC. GothicD. Modernist46. _____ is Hemingway's first true novel in which he depictsa vivid portrait of “The lost Generation.”A. The Sun Also RisesB. A Farewell to ArmsC. In Our TimeD. For Whom the Bell Tolls47. The only dramatist ever to win a Nobel Prize was _________ .A. Bernard ShawB. Eugene O'NeilC. Richard Brinsley SheridanD. William Shakespeare48. __________________________ By means of “free verse,” believes that he has turned the poem into anopen field, an area of vitalpossibility where the reader can allow his own imagination to play.A. Emily DickinsonB. Walt WhitmanC. Robert FrostD. Ezra Pound49. An eccentric woman who refuses to accept the passageoftime, or the inevitable change and loss thataccompanies it may probably refer to ______ .A. Irene in The Man of PropertyB. Emily in A Rose for EmilyC. Catherine in Wuthering HeightsD. the widow Douglas in Adventures of Huckleberry Finn50. One source of evil that Nathaniel Hawthorne is concerned most is overreaching intellect. Which of the following stories is one of this kind?A. Rappaccini's DaughterB. Young Goodman BrownC. The Minister's Black VeilD. The Birthmark51. “In your rocking-chair, by your window, shall you dream such happiness as you may never feel. ”This is the last sentence of __________ .A. Sister CarrieB. An American TragedyC. The GeniusD. Jane Eyre 52.In Walt Whitman's “There was a Child Went Forth”, the child refers to _________________________________________ .A. the poet himself as a childB. any American childC. the young AmericaD. one of the poet's neighbor53. The ______ techniques are used in some of Eugene O'Neil 's plays to highlight the theatrical effect of therupture between the two sides of an individual human being, the private and the public.A. naturalisticB. expressionisticC. stream-of-consciousnessD. metaphysical54. Which of the following is true as far as Emily Dickinson 's poetry is concerned? A. She seldom uses dashes.B. All her poems are about death or immorality.C. Her poems are very personal and meditativeD. Her poems usually have well-chosen titles. 55.In his poems, Whitman tends to use ___________________ .A. oral EnglishB. the King 's EnglishC. American EnglishD. old English56. As far as Nathaniel Hawthorne's art is concerned, which of the following statement is true? A. His The Scarlet Letter tells a love story.B. His art is deeply influenced by Puritanism because he was a puritan himself.C. Young Goodman Brownis a story about superstition.D. Ambiguity is one of the salient characteristics of his art.57. “I like to see it lap the Miles—And lick the Valleys up —And stop to feed itself at Tanks—And the n ---- ” (Emily Dick inson, “like to see it lap the Miles—)Here “it” refers to _____ .A. loveB. deathC. a flyD. the train58. Which of the following statements concerning Theodore Dreise'rs style is correct?A. Dreiser'sCowperwood trilogy includes The Financier, The Titan and The GeniusB. His novels have little detail descriptions of characters and events.C. His novels are written in refined language.D. His style is not polished but very serious.59. ____ has long been well known as a poet who can hardly be classified with the old or the new.A. Ezra PoundB. Robert Lee FrostC. T. S. EliotD. Emily Dickinson60. F. Scott Fitzgerald skillfully employs the device of having events observe by ___________ to his greatadvantage.。

1. Which of the following statements best illustrates the theme of Shakespeare's Sonnet 18?A. The speaker eulogizes the power of Nature.B .The speaker satirizes human vanity.C. .The speaker praises the power of artistic creation.D. The speaker meditates on man's salvation.2. used narrative verse or prose to sing knightly adventures or other heroic deeds.A. SonnetB. RomanceC. NovelD. Drama3.The hero of romance was usually the , who set out a journey to accomplish some missions---to protect the church, to attack infidelity, to rescue a maiden，to meet a challenge, or to obey a knightly command.A. soldierB. poetC. knight（骑士）D. singer4. marked the beginning of Romanticism in English poetry.A. Wuthering HeightsB. A Red, Red RoseC. Lyrical Ballads （抒情歌谣集）D. Ode to the West Wind5. “So long as man can breathe or eyes can see,So long lives this, and this gives life to thee.’’This quotation is a .A. quatrainB. balladC. trimeterD. couplet（相连并押韵的两行诗，对句）6. “If Winter comes, can Spring be far behind?” is an epigrammatic line from .A. She Walks in BeautyB. Ode to the West Wind（西风颂）C. The Solitary ReaperD. On the Seas and Far Away7. is the national epic of the Anglo-Saxon and English people.A. HamletB. BeowulfC. UtopiaD. Lyrical Ballads8. Which of the following is not included in the most famous four tragedies of William Shakespeare?A. HamletB. OthelloC. The Merchant of VeniceD. King Lear9. is the forerunner of English realistic novel, also the writer of the famous novel“Robinson Crusoe”.A. Henry FieldingB. Samuel RichardsonC. Daniel Defoe（笛福）D. Jonathan Swift10. Which of the following was not written by Ralph Waldo Emerson?A. The American Scholar（论美国学者）B. NatureC. Self-RelianceD. Walden（瓦尔登湖）11. He was called “ father of American Literature” and his stories “ Rip Van Winkle”and “The Legend of Sleepy Hollow”（睡谷的传说）are widely read even today.Who is he?A. Washington Irving（欧文）B. Sherwood AndersonC. Mark TwainD. Ernest Hemingway12. Generally speaking, which literary school was Mark Twain grouped into?A.romanticismB.realismC.naturalismD. post-modernism13. The major trend in American literature in the first half of the 19th century is .A. romanticismB. realismC. sentimentalismD. naturalism14. Who is usually acknowledged as the originator of detective fiction?A. Washington IrvingB. William Dean HowellsC. Mark TwainD. Edgar Allan Poe（埃德加·爱伦·坡）15. Which of the following is NOT true about Robert Burns?A. He wrote in Scottish dialect.B. He was a peasant poet.C. His language is plain.D. A Red Red Rose, Auld Lang Syne and The Song of Innencenc are his poems.16. In his poems, Walt Whitman is innovative（创新的）in the terms of the form of his poetry, which is called “.”A. free verse(自由诗体)B. blank verseC. alliterationD. end rhyming17.The five“I”s in Romanticism is: Imagination, Intuition, Idealism, .A. integrality and InspirationB. Inspiration and IndividualityC. Individuality and integralityD. integrality and Industry18.I Died for Beauty was written by ?A. Walt WhitmanB. Emily Dickinson（艾米丽狄金森）C. Robert FrostD. Stephen Crane19. Which literary school was Charles Dickens generally grouped into?A. The English Critical Realism of the Nineteenth CenturyB. The English Realistic School of the Eighteenth CenturyC. The English Romanticism of the Nineteenth CenturyD. The English Modernism of the Twentieth Century20. Which of the following was not written by Thomas Hardy?A. Tess of D’UrbervilleB. Far from the Madding CrowdC. Jude the ObscureD. The Forsyte Saga21. American literature is based on a myth, that is, the Biblical myth of .A. GenesisB. the Garden of EdenC. the Deliverance from SlaveryD. Song of Songs22. Among four of the following writers , who was the author of Invisible Man?A.Ralph Waldo EllisonB. Richard Wright(1908-1960ngston HughesD. Frederick Douglass23. is the national epic of the Anglo-Saxon and English people.A. HamletB. UtopiaC. BeowulfD. Lyrical Ballads24. Utopia was written by .A. Thomas MoreB. John MiltonC. John KeatsD. Ben Johnson25. “So long as man can breathe or eyes can see,So long lives this, and this gives life to thee.’’This quotation is taken from “”.A. She Walks in BeautyB. Ode to the West WindC. The Solitary ReaperD. Sonnet 18 by William Shakespeare26. “If W inter comes, can Spring be far behind?” is an epigrammatic line from .A. She Walks in BeautyB. Ode to the West WindC. The Solitary ReaperD. On the Seas and Far Away27. The hero of romance was usually the , who set out a journey to accomplish some missions---to protect the church, to attack infidelity, to rescue a maiden，to meet a challenge, or to obey a knightly command.A. soldierB. poetC. knightD. singer28. Which of the following is a comedy by William Shakespeare?A. HamletB. OthelloC. The Merchant of VeniceD. King Lear29. is the forerunner of English realistic novel, also the writer of the famous novel“Robinson Crusoe”.A. Henry FieldingB. Samuel RichardsonC. Daniel DefoeD. Jonathan Swift30. Which of the following was written by Henry David Thoreau?A. The American ScholarB. NatureC. Self-RelianceD. Walden31. He was called “ father of American Literature” and his stories “ Rip Van Winkle”and “The Legend of Sleepy Hollow” are widely read even today.Who is he?A. Sherwood AndersonB. Washington IrvingC. Mark TwainD. Ernest Hemingway32. Generally speaking, which literary school was Mark Twain grouped into?A.romanticismB.realismC.naturalismD. post-modernism33. The major trend in American literature in the last decade of the 19th century was .A. romanticismB. modernismC. sentimentalismD. naturalism34. Who is usually acknowledged as the originator of detective fiction?A. Washington IrvingB. William Dean HowellsC. Mark TwainD. Edgar Allan Poe35. Which of the following is NOT true about Robert Burns?A. He wrote in Scottish dialect.B. He was a peasant poet.C. A Red Red Rose, Auld Lang Syne and The Solitary Reaper are his poems.D. His language is plain.36. Who wrote the famous short story The Triumph of the Egg?A. Sherwood AndersonB. Washington IrvingC. Mark TwainD. Ernest Hemingway37.Who wrote Catch-22 (1961) ——the first book to treat the absurdist theme with absurdist technique？A. Sherwood AndersonB. Ernest HemingwayC. Joseph HellerD. Thomas Pynch38.I Died for Beauty was written by ?A. Henry David ThoreauB. Emily DichinsonC. Robert FrostD. Stephen Crane39. Which literary school was Charles Dickens generally grouped into?A. The English Critical Realism of the Nineteenth CenturyB. The English Realistic School of the Eighteenth CenturyC. The English Romanticism of the Nineteenth CenturyD. The English Modernism of the Twentieth Century40. Poor Richard’s Alm anac was a calendar, which includes a large amount of information about weather, astronomy, puzzles, mathematics, practical household, etc. It was written by .A. Washington IrvingB. Jonathan EdwardsC. Thomas JeffersonD. Benjamin Franklin41. “Sometime too hot the eye of heaven shines.”The underlined phrase refers to .A. black holeB. the sunC. the moonD. the star42. was categorized into the group of dark romanticism. He believed that there was evil in every human heart, which might remain latent, perhaps, through the whole life; but circumstance might rouse it to activity.A. Ralph Waldo EmersonB. Hermen MelvilleC. Nathaniel HawthorneD. Edgar Allan Poe43. Renaissance originated in in the 14th century and later spread throughout Europe until the 17th century.A. ItalyB. GermanC. BritainD. Greece44. As a philosophical and literary movement, the main issues involved in the debate of Transcendentalism are generally concerning .A. nature, man and the universeB. the relationship between man and womanC. the development of Romanticism in American literatureD. the cold, rigid rationalism of Unitarianism45. Who was called “father of American Literature” ? His stories “ Rip Van Winkle” and “The Legend of Sleepy Hollow” are widely read even today.A. Washington IrvingB. Sherwood AndersonC. Mark TwainD. Ernest Hemingway46. In the title Vanity Fair, “Fair” means.A. town B market C. place D. equality47. is the national epic of the Anglo-Saxon and English people.A. HamletB. BeowulfC. UtopiaD. Lyrical Ballads48. believes that the chief aim of literary creation is beau ty, and “the death of a beautiful woman is, unquestionably, the most poetical topic in the world.”A. Walt WhitmanB. Edgar Allen PoeC. Anne BradstreetD. Ralph Waldo Emerson49. Idealized figures most often appear in .A. Romantic poetryB. Renaissance dramaC. Enlightenment literatureD. Victorian novels50. employs the language of common man in literary writing.A. Thomas HardyB. Emily Bronte.C. William WordsworthD. John Milton51. Hester Prynne, Dimmesdale .Chillingworth and Pearl are most likely characters in .A. The House of the Seven GablesB. The Scarlet LetterC. T he Portrait of a LadyD. The Pioneers52. The Victorian Age witnessed the perfection of in the hands of Thackeray and Dickens.A. poetryB. dramaC. novelD. epic53. All the following issues EXCEPT were emphasized by the British Romantic writers.A. individual feelingsB. idea of survival of the fittestC. strong imaginationD. return to nature54. “Where thoughts serenely sweet express / How pure, how dear their dwelling-place”. The underlined part means .A. beautyB. wisdomC. brainD. heart55. All of the following poets are regarded as “Lake Poets” EXCEPT .A. Samuel Taylor ColeridgeB. Robert SoutheyC. William WordsworthD. William Blake56. Which of the following is NOT the virtue that Franklin enumerated in his The Autobiography?A. TemperanceB. Humanity (Humility)C. FrugalityD. Immoderation57. Renaissance was the humanistic revival of classical art, architecture, literature, and learning that originated in Italy in the 14th century and later spread throughout Europe until the 17th century. The underlined word means .A GreekB GermanC oldD Greek and Roman58. Didactic and satirical literature was dominant in the .A. RenaissanceB. Age of EnlightenmentC. Victorian Age D age of Romanticism59. “So long as men can breathe, or eyes can see, / So long lives this, and this gives l ife to thee.”(Shakespeare, Sonnets 18) What does “this” refer to ?A. LoveB. PoetryC. SummerD. Time60. Which of the following was not written by Thomas Hardy?A. Tess of D’UrbervilleB. Far from the Madding CrowdC. Jude the ObscureD. The Forsyte Saga练习题：1. Shakespeare's complete works include .A. 37 plays, 4 tragedies and 154 sonnets.B .154 plays, 2 narrative poems and 37 sonnets.C. 37 plays, 2 narrative poems and 154 sonnets.D. 73 plays, 4 tragedies, and 154 sonnets.6. “All good poetry is the spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings” is a declarative statement taken from .A. The Solitary ReaperB. Lyrical BalladsC. She Walks in BeautyD. On the Seas and Far Away10. Which of the following was written by Henry David Thoreau?A. The American ScholarB. NatureC. Self-RelianceD. Walden17. By the 7th century the small kingdoms on the British Island were combined called England, or the land of .A. BritonsB. AnglesC. SaxonsD. Jutes19. He was founder and great master of the historical novel in British literature, and whose death marks the ending of Romantic Period in Britain. Who was he?A. George Gordon ByronB. Thomas MoreC. John KeatsD. Walter Scott20. Which of the following was not written by Thomas Hardy?A. Tess of D’UrbervilleB. Far from the Madding CrowdC. Jude the ObscureD. The Forsyte Saga2. In 1798, together with , William Wordsworth published Lyrical Ballads,which marked the break with 18th century classicism and the beginning of romanticism in English poetry.A. Samuel Taylor ColeridgeB. Robert BurnsC. John KeatsD. William Blake7. David Copperfield(1850) is, to a certain extent, an autobiographical novel by .A. Henry FieldingB. Charles DickensC. Daniel DefoeD. Jonathan Swift8. Which of the following plays is a comedy composed by William Shakespeare?A. HamletB. OthelloC. The Merchant of VeniceD. King Lear12. Generally speaking, which literary school was John Keats grouped into?A. romanticismB. realismC. naturalismD. post-modernism20. Poor Richard’s Almanac was a calendar, which includes a large amount of information about weather, astronomy, puzzles, mathematics, practical household, etc. It was written by .A. Washington IrvingB. Jonathan EdwardsC. Thomas JeffersonD. Benjamin Franklin1. The early inhabitants on the island we now called England were , a tribe of Celts. From the Britons the island got its name of Britain, the land of Britons.A. BritonsB. AnglesC. SaxonsD. Jutes2. Paradise Lost (1667) was written by .A. Thomas MoreB. John MiltonC. John KeatsD. Ben Johnson3. , founder of modern science, his New Instrument (1602) tells some of the secrets of the inductive method of reasoning, and Of Studies is one of his most famous essays.A. Thomas MoreB. John MiltonC. Francis BaconD. Ben Johnson10. believes that the chief aim of literary creation is be auty, and “the death of a beautiful woman is, unquestionably, the most poetical topic in the world.”A. Walt WhitmanB. Ralph Waldo EmersonC. Anne BradstreetD. Edgar Allen Poe11. Idealized figures most often appear in .A. Romantic poetryB. Renaissance dramaC. Enlightenment literatureD. Victorian novels12. It is publicly believed that employs the language of common man in his literary writing.A. Thomas HardyB. Ben JohnsonC. William WordsworthD. John Milton14. Vanity Fair is Thackeray’s masterpiece. The book takes its title from that fair described in .A. John Bunyan’s Pilgrim’s ProgressB. Thomas More’s UtopiaC. John Milton’s Paradise LostD. William Shakespeare’s The Merchant of Venice16. Which of the following is NOT included in the virtues that Franklin enumerated in his The Autobiography?A. TemperanceB. HumilityC. FrugalityD. Immoderation19. “So long as men can breathe, or eyes can see, / So long lives this, and this gives life to thee.”(Shakespeare, Sonnets 18) What does “this” refer to ?A. LoveB. PoetryC. SummerD. Time20. A Red, Red Rose was written in “”, i.e., in each stanza the odd-numbered lines are iambic tetrameters.A. dramaB. English sonnetC. ballad metreD. monologue。

Part One：English Poetry1.William Shakespeare Sonnet 18•Why does the poet compare `thee` to a summer’s day? And who could `thee` be?Because summer’s day and thee both represent beauty . thee could be beauty, love.•What picture have you got of English summer, and could you explain why?Warm, beautiful, sunshine. Because summer is the best season of a year ,the most beautiful season. It is like our May.•How does the poet answer the question he puts forth in the first line?Thee is more beautiful than summer.•What makes the poet think that “thou” can be more fair than summer and immortal?Because humanism is more eternal than summer and immortal.•What figures of speech are used in this poem?Simile, metaphor, personification, oxymoron and so on .•What is the theme of the poem?Love conquers all, Beauty lives on.2. Thomas Nashe Spring•Read the poem carefully, pay attention to those image- bearing words, and see how many images the poet created in the poem and what sense impressions you can get from those images.There is “Blooms each thing, maids dance in a ring, the pretty birds do sing, the palm and may make country houses gay, Lambs frisk' and play, the shepherds pipe all day, And we hear aye birds tune this merry lay, The fields breathe sweet, the daisies kiss our feet, Young lovers meet, old wives a-sunning sit, In every street these tunes bur ears do greet!”The “Young lovers meet, old wives a-sunning sit，”impressions me most because of the harmony of the people’s relationship.•Can you point out and explain the sound and their musical effect in the poem?In the Poem, each section has four lines, each line has ten syllables ( five tone step ) . In order to give the reader a spring breeze , streams , flowers , winding , Song Xin texture of sound and light flavor, Naixi greater uses English word S , z , f , V , R , L , and θconsonants means. In Naixi's poem, the use of phonological is also very harmonious, very smooth , very mellow. Section I of the poetry has Three pairs [ ing ] , section II of the poem has three pairs [ ei ] and the third quarter has three pairs [ i : ].3.John Donne A Valediction: Forbidding Mourning•What is a “valediction” any way? Is the speaker in the poem about to die?Why does the speaker forbid mourning?No, it is about the lover s’separation. As the poem metaphors, the poet believed he and his wife’s love is sacred, he didn’t hope they cry when separation comes, let their love be stained by the ordinary and mundane.In the first verse, the poet used virtuous men’s death metaphor for lovers’separation, in the third verse he used “moving of the earth” and “trepidation of the spheres” metaphor for lovers’ separation and the result of separation, in the last three verse he used stiff twin compasses’two legs metaphor for poet himself and his wife. All these metaphors show poet opinion that he will separate from his wife in peace, their love is a scared love, when they away from each other, they will not be hurt by the pain of the separation. He and his wife will not really separate. They care about each other and listen to the other one’s heart, their trust and loyalty makes their love perfect like the circle made by a twin compasses.4.William Blake The Tiger•What is the symbolic meaning of the tiger?The symbol of the Tiger is unclear what it exactly symbolizes, but scholars have hypothesized that the Tiger could be inspiration, the divine, artistic creation, history, the sublime, or vision itself. The list is almost infinite. The point is, the Ti ger is important, and Blake’s poem barely limits the possibilities.Here are two major symbolisms:The tiger is the embodiment of God's power in creation.The tiger shows the force of French Revolution.•What paradox can you find in the poem?"Did he who made the Lamb make thee?" It challenges the one-track religious views of the 18’s century. The view only concluded that god create the lame, he is so kind a father. But it didn’t know god also create the tough tiger. He can also be very serious. The god is someone who can’t be truly understood by human beings.5.Robert Burns A Red, Red Rose•How dose the narrator in the love song express his love?In stanza 1, the narrator presents two similes, the first comparing his love to a rose and the second comparing his love to a melody.In stanza 2, the narrator addresses the young lady as bonnie. In the last line of the stanza, he presents hyperbole, a figure of speech that exaggerates.In stanza 3, the man promises eternal love for her.In stanza 4, the poet vows to love her however far he may go.•Why is this poem so touching to the readers?Because this poem professes the poet’s true love for his beloved girl, and uses the mentioned above to touch the readers.6.William Wordsw orth I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud•What does the poet see?He sees some daffodils.•What is the poet’s mood before he sees the daffodils?Vacant and pensive.•What is the poet’s mood after he sees the daffodils?He is very pleasant.•How does the magical change occur?Those daffodils show a fantastic picture to the poet, and the poet has been deeply affected by the scene, and his mood changes.•What is the theme of the poem? Or what does the poet want to tell you?It shows the beauty of nature, and the nature’s beauty uplifts the human spirit, and the harmony between human and nature.7.Robert Browning My Last Duchess• 1. In this poem, who and on what occasion is speaking to whom?The Duke is the speaker of the poem, and tells us he is entertaining an emissary who has come to negotiate the Duke’s marriage (he has recently been widowed) to the daughter of another powerful family.•What sort of person is the Duke’s last Duchess?She is kind, easy-going, innocent and lively.•And what became of her in the end?She became very upset and worrying. The duchess died under suspicious circumstances on April 21, 1561, just two years after he married her. She may have been poisoned.• 2. What sort of person is the Duke?He is outrageously arrogant, narrow-minded, selfish, hypocritical, cold-blooded, crucial, greedy and treacherous.8.Walt Whitman O Captain! My Captain!•Q:Walt Whitman’s poem “O Captain! My Captain!” is written in the form of an allegory. What is the overall connotative meaning in the poem?A: Ship’s implied meaning is America; My capta in’ implied meaning is Abraham Lincoln who leaded America to triumph in American Civil War then;our fearful trip’s implied meaning is American Civil War after which Lincoln was assassinated. In this poem author spoken highly of Lincoln’ contribution and expressed his sorrow for Lincoln’ death.9.Emily Dickinson (1)Success is counted sweetest (67)•According to the poem, who can understand success most? Do you agree or not with the poet’s view that “Success is counted sweetest by those who ne’er succeed”?The person who best understands the meaning of success is the person who fails•What sort of feelings does the poet show toward the victor and the defeated?The poet shows her awareness of the complicated truths of human desire.Success can be comprehended by someone who need it; the defeated, dying man understand victory more clearly than the victorious army does.(2)Because I could not stop for Death (712)•How many people are there in the carriage? And where are they going right now?There are three in the carriage, the Poet, Death, and Immortality.•Where did they pass? What can these places remind us of?They passed the school, the fields of Gazing grain, the Setting Sun. It reminds usof childhood, maturity and old age, the children are evident symbols of the beginning of things, the grain rip of the adulthood, and the sun setting of the rest of the days.•What is the poet’s attitude toward death and life implied in the poem?The poet’s attitude is that death is nothing to be forced since it is natural part of the endless cycle of nature, it’s only the beginning ;to die is to go on another journey, although death takes one away from the earthy world ;there is still something to look forward to when one dies, death means eternity.10.Robert Frost Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening•Why did the speaker stop?Literally he was fascinated by the beautiful night scene and stoped his horse to watch the woods fill up with the snow,it was also a little break for the long travel. But in fact,it's symbolism,the 'woods' stands for the nature,the 'village' stands for the human world, 'horse' for the animal world. The poem representsa moment of relaxation from the burdensome journey of life, an almostaesthetic enjoyment and appreciation of natural beauty which is wholesome and restorative against the chaotic existence of modern man.•Why did he later decide to go?As the last sentence said 'But I have promises to keep,And miles to go before I sleep.'His 'horse' shake the bell to ask if they should go,which is actually a symbol of vitality, urges him to go. He lives in the real life, and he has his own obligation "promise to keep',he hasn't achieve it, so he must go on his trip,leave the beautiful scene.Though the scene is so amazing,he has to have the real life.Though the real life is so hard,he must back to it,and reach his goal. One leaves no regrets after he dies, as long as one has reached his goal.•What is your understanding of “promises to keep”?“The promise” could be an obligation or a goal. One cannot die before fulfilling one’s dream. The poet uses “sleep” to represent death, just as we usually do. People have their own dream or goal,it's also the duty for us to finish, we live for ourselves and we make life wonderful by keeping on reaching our goal,no regrets leaves as long as we have reached our goals. 11. Ezra Pound In a Station of the MetroPart Two: English Fiction12. Jonathan Swift Gulliver’s Travels●In this chapter, Swift describes the smallness of the Lilliputians. What doesthis “smallness” imply in the author’s satire of the aristocratic bourgeois society of the time?Key: The Lilliput scene depicted in the first volume of the novel is a microcosm of the British Empire. The perennial endless struggle between UK Tories and Whigs and external war are essentially just politicians intrigue in the section has nothing to do with the national economy and the people's livelihood. The “smallness” imply that …●What is the cause of the civil strife and war between Lilliput and theneighbouring empire of Blefuscu? What is the target of the author’s satire?(1)Key: The parties are divided as high-heeled party and low-heeled party accordingto the height of the heel. The relationship between parties is irreconcilable;Neighboring countries not only want to conquer and enslave the other, but also argue about trifles such as which head we should knock when we will eat eggs . (2) Key: The author uses irony and innuendo tactics to reflect the British social contradictions among first half of the 18th century, to criticize the British parliamentary politics and reactionary religious forces, to expose the corruption and evil of the ruling clique, and to criticize the hazards of a war of aggression and colonialism.13Jane Austen Pride and Prejudice1.Do you agree with the statement “it is truth universally acknowledged that a singleman in possession of a good fortune must be in want of a wife”? What is the relationship between money and marriage?Key: (1) I agree with this statement. In my view, a bachelor who has lots of money is supposed to have a wife to company him. The amount of money demonstrates the ability of a person. The beauties and the wits should come together.(2) First, the relationship between marriage and money is very close; we can say that the money is the basis of marriage. This is just from the material conditions of life. However, the amount of money can’t measure the quality of marriage. A determinant of marriage is the couple's feelings, and if the lack of the feelings, life is not a happy marriage even though has more money.2.What do you think of Mrs. Bennet? How can you characterize her?Key: (1) Mrs. Bennet - a foolish, noisy woman whose only goal in life is to see her daughters married. Because of her low breeding and often unbecoming behavior, Mrs. Bennet often repels the very suitors whom she tries to attract for her daughters.(2) Mrs. Bennet is a miraculously tiresome character, who is noisy and foolish. And Mrs. Bennet is totally obedient and submissive in her marriage. Mrs. Bennet is a self-centered woman with the attitude that what is good enough for her is good enough for her children.14. Emily Bronte Wuthering Heights1.What is the main plot of the whole novel? What causes the tragic ending of thelove between Heathcliff and Catherine? Would it have been possible, under the circumstances, for the victimized lovers to find a way out?Key: Novel’s theme is vengeance. Katherine's character flaws is the root causes of the tragedy, Heathcliff to lost love human distortion conducted a series of revenge activities, the capitalist society for the generation of tragedy provides fertile soil. If Heathcliff get marry with Katherine, they’ll be happiness.2.Is Heathcliff’s revenge upon the Earnshaw and Linton families justifiable? Whatis the author’s attitude toward Heathcliff, judging from the final futility of the revenge?Key: For the vengeance of the people is right .but it’s wrong in law. It’s love, but Heathcliff’s love is crazy.15. Kate Chopin The Story of an Hour•What kind of character is Louise Mallard?Key: Mrs. Mallard is a sympathetic character with strength and insight.•What are the themes of this short story?Key: It’s mainly about the awakening of feminine awareness and the fruitless struggle of women for freedom in a man-centered world. It is about marriage bondages and celibacy freedom.•What do “heart trouble” and “the open window” symbolize?Key: (1) heart trouble symbolizes(2) the open window symbolizes16. Earnest Hemingway Hills like White Elephants• 1. What is a “white elephant ” according to the dictionary definition? What does a “white elephant” symbolize in the story?(1) Key:a: a property requiring much care and expense and yielding littleprofitb : an object no longer of value to its owner but of value to othersc : something of little or no value(2)Key: The woman is pregnant, and the White Elephant is a hint of the body ofthe women. The fact that the two. This matter becomes a heavy burden for the two people.• 2. List the evidence that tells what kind of operation Jig is confronting.How risky is it physically and emotionally?(1) evidence:1.'It's really an awfully simple operation, Jig,' the man said. 'It's not really anoperation at all.'2. 'I know you wouldn't mind it, Jig. It's really not anything. It's just to let theair in.'3. 'They just let the air in and then it's all perfectly natural.'4. 'I know we will. Yon don't have to be afraid. I've known lots of people that have done it.'5. 'But I know it's perfectly simple.'(2) Key:1. Do affect her health, result that the body is badly weakened and be reducedimmunity in the aspect of physical.2. Do be Frustrated, empty and depressed mood which leads to that she cannot be quiet in the aspect of emotion.• 3. Has Jig made up her mind to do the operation?Key: The question about whether to do an abortion, the article comes a stop suddenly at the end. So we can’t make sure whether Jig has made up her mind to do the operation.• 4. If the operation is something already decided on, then what upsets Jig?What is the real conflict between the couple?Key: (1) She worries that she could not get happiness as before with the man. She upsets that he would leave her for ever.(2) The real conflict between the couple is that whether the man likes thewomenfrom the deep heart and their attitudes towards life.• 5. What kind of girl is Jig? How is their relation like? Does the American love Jig?Key: (1) She is restless and confused and longing for the deeper love from the man.(2) There could be many situations: first, a married man compels his loverto have a abortion; second, as a bachelor, he worries the baby would make his life be complex and so on.(3) Because of the various situations, we could not make an accurateconclusion that the man loves Jig. However, on some degree the man loves the woman by analyzing the conversation between them.• 6. What is Hemingway’s style?Key: Hemingway’s style is laconic. The characteristic is reflected in thatWhen writing, he is very clear what kind of content could pit one against ten. It is both an immediate situation and also containing other deeper meanings, which can be informed in the way of exploring something by the readers.17.William Faulkner A Rose for Emily• 1. What is the meaning of the title?Key: A rose is a funeral flower. It’s author’s tribute to Emily, and also to south, Emily is the symbol. And it has an ironic meaning to this story.• 2. What kind of woman is Miss Emily?Key: She is embodiment of south, the old and traditional, also obstinate, resists to change anything ,a determined，dignified, valiant and literate woman.• 3. How did the townspeople think of her?Key: The townspeople had mixed feelings—she was “dear inescapable, impervious, tranquil”, and perverse. Also she was always expected to bring honor to the town and set a good example for the young.• 4. What is the symbolic meaning of Emily’s house?Key: Emily’s house, like Emily herself, is a monument, the only remaining emblem of a dying world of southern aristocracy, also represents alienation and death.• 5. What is special about the narration of this story?Key: The writing style of the novel is using flashbacks and narration interspersed with flashbacks. The author let us know the independent but closely related events skillfully under the premise of being not exposed the true intentions, which makes us draw attention to the development of the plot without boring.Part Three: English Drama18. William Shakespeare Hamlet, Prince of Denmark• 1. Why does sleep appear to be so fearful for Hamlet even though it can put an end to the numerous headaches in our life?Key: As described in the text, Hamlet thinks that sleep is different from death. Death means the end of life, you may go to the unknown world and you can’t comeback. If he dies, Hamlet can’t realize his will. Sleep can’t end the heartache and the thousand natural shocks. He can’t revenge and get relief through this way. He is frightened bythe possible suffering in the long “dream”. He can’t predict what will happen in the sleep, may be good or evil.• 2. Why would most people prefer to bear all the sufferings in life rather than choose death as a means to end them?Key: 1. As it goes that ‘Adversity makes growth’, by solving the problems we can acknowledge plenty of skills and overcome the sufferings in life. If we choose death as a means to end them, it is too passive for us to face the obstacles in life, which will lead to the failure in life.2. Because people hold the same idea "to grunt and sweat under a weary life, butthat the dread of something after death-the undiscovered country, form whose bourn no traveler returns-puzzle the will, and make us rather bear those ills we have than fly to others that we don’t know.”People also are frightened by the myths in another world after death.Romeo and Juliet•What does it mean when Juliet says “That which we call a rose / By my other name would smell as sweet”?Key:In Shakespeare's time, name on behalf of their family, and his family represents the social status. And personal just only on behalf of their inner identity.And Juliet says strongly reflects her humanist outlook on life and the concept of the ideal.19. Oscar Wilde The Importance of Being Earnest1.How do you understand the title of the play? What is your impression ofGwendolen? What are the most striking traits in Lady Bracknell’s character? (1) Key: Here is a pun. It’s important to be a serious man. And the author wants to satirize the triviality with which it treats institutions as serious as marriage, and the resulting satire of Victorian ways.(2) Key: She advocates sincere, do be intelligent and friendly, and is able to forgive the mistakes of others. She do be a earnest person.(3) Key: Lady Bracknell embodies the stereotype of the Victorian English aristocrat woman. She belongs to aristocratic society and is a typical Victorian snob, who is arrogant, formal and concerned with money. She is interested only in a materialistic world.20. Eugene O’Neill The Hairy Ape1.Yank assumes more than once the posture of Rodin’s “The Thinker” in the play.What does it have to do with the play’s motif and tone? What are the major images and symbols employed in the play to dramatize the theme?(1) Key: 1. The themes of this article are modern man loses his sense of belonging under technological progress and humanity is in a predicament by creating a world he does not belong to.2. The Thinker is often painful, which demonstrates the profoundly tragic matter of modern people like Yank: he is thinking and looks forward to a better life, but he doesn’t find the answer. In O'Neill’s opinion, there exists no answer. Therefore, he is destined to be a loser.3. In summary, the description of his behavior makes the theme more significant.2.Why do you think the play is subtitled “A Comedy of Ancient and Modern Life inEight Scenes”？Key: 1. The hairy ape is a comedy of ancient and modern life which shows O'Neill's social concern for the oppressed industrial working class. It presents an extremely negative view of the state, of mechanized America, where the worker best adjusted to the system is a “hairy ape,” and where the “Capitalist class”is even more terribly dehumanized , for it has lost all connection with life , is simply “a procession of gaudy marionettes.”2. The play was created in 20th century when western people suffered unprecedented intellectual crisis. Human beings lost their absolute value, which made people fall into confusion and desperation. Besides, man’s des ire to emotions was ignored in the rapid development of technology. People put existence of individuality first at that time.3. N umerous obstacles and frustrations occur in the way of Yank’s seeking for his position, which reflects survival crisis of most modern people. The more people think about, the clearer people realize about freedom.（注：文档可能无法思考全面，请浏览后下载，供参考。

华中师范大学网络教育学院《英美文学史》练习题库及答案1. Write the names of the authors of the following literary works.1)Pamela2)Joseph Andrews3)The School for Scandal4)Dictionary5)Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard6)Songs of Innocence7) A Red, Red Rose8)Lyrical Ballads9)Kubla Khan10)Poems11)Ivanhoe12)Vanity Fair13)Jane Eyre14)Wuthering Heights15)Middlemarch16)Treasure Island17)Salome18)The Forsyte Saga19)The Return of the Native20)Mrs. Warren’s Profession21)Sailing to Byzantium22)The Rainbow23)To the Lighthouse24)Dombey and Son25)Queen Mab: A philosophical Poem26)The Jew of Malta27)Gulliver’s Travels28)Sense and Sensibility29)Jonathan Wild30)T ess of D’Urbervilles31)King Lear32)Don Juan33)The Rime of the Ancient Mariner34)The Shepherd’s Calendar35)The Rape of the Lock36)The Rivals37)The Mill on the Floss38)A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man39)An Essay of Dramatic Poesy40)A Sentimental Journey41)Ode to the West Wind42) The Declaration of Independence43) The Pathfinder44) The Legend of Sleepy Hollow45) Nature46) Walden47) Young Goodman Brown48) Moby Dick49) The Black Cat50) Song of Myself51) Captain, My Captain52) Because I could stop for Death53) The Road Not Taken54) The Fall of the House of Usher55) Uncle Tom’s Cabin56) The Rise of Silas Lapham57) The Portrait of a Lady58) The Adventures of Tom Sawyer59) The Cop and the Anthem60) The Sea Wolf61) The Red Badge of Courage62) The Pit63) Sister Carrie64) In a Station of the Metro65) The River-Merchant’s Wife: A Let ter66) Anecdote of the Jar67) Chicago68) The Love Song of J.Alfred Prufrock69) The Grapes of Wrath70) The Great Gatsby71) The Sound and the Fury72) The Old Man and the Sea73) The Hairy Ape74) Death of a Salesman75) A Rose for Emily76) The Hollow Men77) The Song of Hiawatha78) Of Mice and Men79) The Gilded Age80) U.S.A2. Choose the right answer.1. Which of the following is NOT regarded as one of the characteristics of Renaissance?A. Rediscovery of ancient Roman and Greek culture.B. Attempt to remove the old feudalist ideas in Medieval Europe.C. Exaltation of man’s pursuit of happiness in his life, and tolerance of man’s foibles.D. Praise of man’s efforts in soul delivery and personal salvation.2. It is ___ alone who, for the first time in English literature presented to us a comprehensive realistic picture of the English society of his time and created a whole gallery of vivid characters from all walks of life.A. Edmund SpenserB. Geoffrey ChaucerC. William ShakespeareD. John Donne3.The following belong to the characteristics of ’metaphysical poetry’ represented by ’John Donne’ except___.A. ConceitsB. Actual imagery and simple dictionC. Argumentative formD. Elegant style4. Paradise Lost is actually a story taken from____.A. Greek MythologyB. Roman legendC. The Old TestamentD. The New Testament5. _____, the first of the great tragedies, is generally regarded as Shakespeare’s most popular play on the stage, for it has the qualities of a “blood-and-thunder” t hriller and a ‘philosophical exploration’ of life and death.A. The Merchant of VeniceB. HamletC. King LearD.The Winter’s Tale6. It was ___and ___ the two conquests that provided the source for the rise and growth of English literature.A. Anglos/ SaxonsB. Normans/ Anglo-SaxonsC. Romans/ NormansD. Greeks/ Romans7. Marlow’s greatest achievement is that he perfected the ’blank verse’, and he is regarded as ’the pioneer of English drama’, which of the following is not written by him?A. TamburlaineB. The Jew of MaltaC. The Passionate to His LoveD. The Sun Rising8. ____Essays is the first example of that genre in English literature, which has been recognized as an important landmark in the development of English prose.A. John Milton’sB. Francis Bacon’sC. Montaigne’sD. Thomas Gray’s9. _____Was known as “the poets’ poet”.A. William ShakespeareB. Edmund SpenserC. John DonneD. John Milton10. Alexander Pope worked painstakingly on his poems and finally brought to its last perfection ______Dryden had successfully used in his plays.A. the heroic coupletB. the free verseC. the blank verseD. the Spenserian stanza11. ____is the most successful religious allegory in the English language.A. Genesis AB. The Holy WarC. The Pilgrims progressD. Exodus12.Which of the following is NOT a typical feature of Samuel Johnson’s language style?A. His sentences are long and well structured.B. His sentences are interwoven with parallel words.C. He tends to use informal and colloquial words.D. His sentences are complicated, but his thoughts are clearly expressed.13. ____has been regarded by some as "Father of the English novel" for his contribution to the establishment of the form of the modern novel.A. John BunyanB. Henry FieldingC. Daniel DefoeD. Jonathan Swift14. ____was the only important dramatist of the 18th century, in his plays, morality is the constant theme.A. Alexander PopeB. Richard Brinsley SheridanC. Samuel JohnsonD. George Bernard Shaw15. The two major novelists of the English Romantic Period are _____and Walter Scott.A. Washington IrvingB. Jane AustenC. Herman MelvilleD. Charles Dickens16. _____defines the poet as "man speaking to men," and poetry as "the spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings, which originates in emotion recollected in tranquility."A. William BlakeB. William WordsworthC. Samuel Taylor ColeridgeD. John Keats17. For the Romantics, ____is not only the major source of poetic imagery, but also provides the dominant subject matter.A. loveB. manC. natureD. death18. In the Romantic period, ____is the most prosperous literary form.A. proseB. poetryC. fictionD. play19. The author of "Ode on a Grecian Urn" is __________.A. WordsworthB. AustenC. ByronD. Keats20. In terms of Pride and Prejudice, which is not true?A. Pride and Prejudice is the most popular of Jane Austen’s novels.B. Pride and Prejudice is originally drafted as "First Impressions".C. Pride and Prejudice is a tragic novel.D. In this novel, the author explores the relationship between great love and realistic benefits.21. Romanticism is a period of British literature roughly dated from _________.A.1660-----1798B.1798----1832C.1483-----1546D.1836-----190122. Which of the following is the Gothic novel?A. Shelly’s Prometheus UnboundB. Keats’ LamiaC. Mary Shelly’s FrankensteinD. Jane Austen’s Pride and Prejudice23. Chronologically the Victorian refers to__________.A.1798---1832B.1836---1901C. the Romantic periodD. the Neoclassical Period24. ____ believes that man’s fate is predeterminedly tragic, driven by a combined force of ‘nature”, both inside and outside.A. Charles DickensB. Thomas hardyC. Bernard ShawD.T.S. Eliot25. “Self-conceited”, “cruel” and “tyrannical” are m ost likely the names of the character in______.A. Robert Browning’s ‘My Last Duchess’B. Christopher Marlowe’s ‘Dr. Faustus’C. Shakespeare’s Love’s ‘Labor’s lost’D. Sheridan’s ‘The School for Scandal’26. Robert Browning’s style is_______.A. identical with that of the other VictorianB. similar to that of TennysonC. perfectly artisticD. rough and disproportionate in appearance27.According to D.H. Lawrence, _____was the first novelist that “started putting all the actions inside”.A. George EliotB. Thomas HardyC. Charles DickensD.T.S. Eliot28. Which of the following description of Thomas Hardy is wrong?A. Most of his novels are set in Wessex.B. Tess of the D’Urbervilles is one of the most representative of him as both a naturalistic and a critical realist writer.C. Among Hardy’s major works, Under the Greenwood Tree is the most cheerful and idyllic.D. From The Mayor of Casterbridge on, the tragic sense becomes the keynote of his novels.29. Charlotte’s works are famous for the depiction of the life of the middle-class working women, particularly________.A. governessesB. clerks C .baby-sitters D. managers30. The three trilogies of _____ Forsyte novels are masterpieces of critical realism in the early 20th century.A. D. H. Lawrence’sB. John Galsworthy’sC. James Joyce’sD. Thomas Hardy’s31. ____ is the most outstanding stream-consciousness novelist.A. T.S. EliotB. Richard Brinsley SheridanC. James JoyceD. Oscar Wilder32. In his famous poem_____, Yeats explores the problems of death, love, old age and art.A. "Leda and the Swan"B. "No Second Troy"C. "September 1913"D. "Sailing to Byzantium"33. ____is a poem concerned with the spiritual breakup of a modern civilization in which human life has lost its meaning, significance and purpose. A. Ulysses B. The Waste Land C. The Confidential Clerk D. Dubliners34. In ____, James Joyce intends to present a microcosm of the whole human life by providing an instance of how a single event contains all the events of its kind, and how history is recapitulated in the happenings of one day.A. A Portrait of the Artist as a Young ManB. DublinersC. UlyssesD. Finnegans Wake35. Of the following poems by T.S. Eliot, which is hailed as a landmark and a model of the 20th Century English Poetry?A. Poems 1909----1925B. The Hollow MenC. Prufrock and Other ObservationsD. The Waste Land36. Which of the following best describes the speaker of “The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock”?A. He is a man of an action.B. He is a man of apathy.C. He is a man of inactivity.D. All the above are wrong.37. Of the following works by D.H. Lawrence, _______established his position as novelist.A. The White PeacockB. The TrespasserC. Women in LoveD. Sons and Lovers38. Which of the following wr itings is not the novel of D.H. Lawrence’s?A. Sons and LoversB. A Portrait of the Artist as a Yong ManC. The White Peacock.D. The Rainbow39. Of the following writings by James Joyce, which is a prime example of modernism in literature?A. UlyssesB. A Portrait of the Artist as a Yong ManC. DublinersD. Finnegans Wake40. Of all the following issues, _____is definitely NOT the focus of the Romantic writers in the American literary history.A. Puritan moralityB. Human bestialityC. Noble savagesD. Divinity of man41. Henry David Thoreau’s work, ________, has always been regarded as a masterpiece of the New England Transcendental Movement.A. WaldenB. The PioneersC. NatureD. "Song of Myself"42. “Leaves of Grass” commands great attention because of its uniquely poetic embodiment of________, which are written in the founding documents of both the Revolutionary War and the American Civil War.A. the democratic idealsB. the romantic idealsC. the self-reliance spiritsD. the religious ideals43. According to Whitman, the genuine participation of a poet in a common cultural effort was to behave as a supreme_________.A. democratB. individualistC. romanticistD. leader44. The period before the American Civil War is generally referred to as ___________.A. The Naturalist PeriodB. The Modern PeriodC. The Romantic PeriodD. The Realistic Period45. In the following works, which sign the beginning of the American literature?A. The Sketch BookB. Leaves of GrassC. Leather Stocking TalesD. Adventures of Huckleberry Finn46. Washington Irving’s “Rip Van Winkle” is famous for_________.A. Rip’s escape into a mysteriousB. The story’s German legendary source materialC. Rip’s seeking for happinessD. Rip’s 20-years sleep47. Which of the following statement is not true about Washington Irving?A. Washington Irving is regarded as Father of the American short stories.B. Irving’s relationship with the Old World in terms of his literary imagination can hardly be ignored considering his success both abroad and at home.C. Irving’s taste was essentially progressive or radical.D. Washington Irving has always been regarded as a writer who "perfected the best classic style that American literature ever produced."48. The Publication of ______established Emerson as the most eloquent spokesman of New England Transcendentalism.A. NatureB. Self-RelianceC. The American ScholarD. The Over-Soul49. "There is evil in every human heart, which may remain latent, perhaps, through the whole life; but circumstances may rouse it to activity", which author of the following authors does the mention belong to________.A. Washington IrvingB. Ralph Waldo EmersonC. Nathaniel HawthorneD. Walt Whitman50. "Moby Dick" is regarded as the first American_________.A. Prose epicB. Comic epicC. Dramatic fictionD. Poetic fiction51. The giant Moby Dick may symbolize all EXCEPT________.A. mystery of the universeB. sin of the whaleC. power of the great NatureD. evil of the world52. Theodore Dreiser belonged to the school of literary ______which emphasized heredity and environment as important deterministic forces shaping individualized characters that were presented in special and detailed circumstances.A. naturalismB. realismC. determinismD. humanism53. Emily Dickinson’s verse is most aptly characterized as ___________.A. exposing the evils of the societyB. paving the way for the following generation of free verse poetsC. sharing the same poetic conventions as Walt WhitmanD. exhibiting sensitiveness to the symbolic implications of experience, such as love, death, immortality and etc.54. The period ranging from 1865 to 1914 has been referred to as _____________.A. the Age of RealismB. the Age of ModernismC. the Age of RomanticismD. the Age of Colonialism55. Who exerts the simple most important influence on literary naturalism?A. EmersonB. Jack LondonC. Theodore DreiserD. Darwin56. ______is considered by H.L. Mencken as "the true father of our national literature."A. HemingwayB. PoeC. IrvingD. Twain57. Mark Twain wrote most of his literary works with a _______language.A. grandB. pompousC. simpleD. vernacular58. Henry James’s fame generally rests upon his novels and stories with________.A. international themeB. national themeC. European themeD. Regional theme59. In the following writers, who is generally regarded as the forerunner of the 20th century "Stream-of-consciousness" novels and the founder of psychological realism______________.A. Henry JamesB. Mark TwainC. Emily DickensonD. Theodore Dreiser60. The following titles are all related to the subject that escapes from the society and returns to nature except__________.A. Dreiser’s Sister CarrieB. Copper’s Leather-Stocking TalesC. Thoreau’s WaldenD. Mar k Twain’s The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn61. Closely related to Emily Dickinson’s religious poetry are her poems concerning ___________.A. ChildhoodB. Youth and happinessC. LonelinessD. Death and immortality62. With Howells, James, and Mark Twain active on the literary scene, _________became the major trend in American literature in the seventies and eighties of the 19th century.A. sentimentalismB. romanticismC. realismD. naturalism63. Ezra Pound is a leading spokesman of the_________.A. Imagist MovementB. Chartist MovementC. Modernist MovementD. Romantic Movement64. Strong affinity of the Chinese and Oriental literature can be found in the works of_________.A. Mark TwainB. Ezra PoundC. Emily DickinsonD. Arthur Miller65. Of the following American poets, whose work was first recognized in England and then in America?A. Robert FrostB. Walt WhitmanC. Emily DickinsonD. Wallace Stevens66. In these lines "The apparition of these faces in the crowd; / Petals on a wet, black bough", Ezra Pound uses the figure of speech of ________.A. metaphorB. simileC. hyperboleD. contrast67. O’Neill’s inventiveness seemingly knew no limits. He was constantly experimenting with new styles and forms for his plays, especially during the twenties when ______was in full swing.A. SymbolismB. ExpressionismC. RomanticismD. Realism68. In a class which discusses the Imagist Movement in the United States, we will definitely NOT include________.A. William Carlos WilliamsB. Ezra PoundC. Gary SnyderD. Wallace Stevens69. In which of the following poems by Ezra Pound did you find the allusion to Wi-shang? ____________A. In a Station of the MetroB. The River-Merchant’s Wife: A LetterC. A PactD. Hugh Selwyn Mauberley70. In 1915, Ezra Pound began writing his great work_______, which spanned from 1917 to 1959.A. CantosB. Collected Early Poems of Ezra PoundC. PersonaeD. Hygh Selwyn Mauberley71. The founder of the American drama is _______.A. Arthur MillerB. Clifford OdetsC. Tennessee Wil liamsD. Eugene O’Neill72. The first full-length play written by Eugene O’Neill is ______.A. The StrawB. Beyond the HorizonC. Bound East for CardiffD. The Hairy Ape73. Eugene O’Neill’s “The Hairy Ape” explores the problem of________.A. human disillusionmentB. the corruption of human desireC. human responsibilityD. the loss of human identity74. Fitzgerald’s fictional world is the best embodiment of the spirit of_______.A. the Jazz ageB. the Romantic PeriodC. the Renaissance PeriodD. the Neoclassical Period75. Fitzgerald wrote the following except_________.A. The Great GatsbyB. In Our TimeC. Tender is the NightD. This Side of Paradise76. "There was music from my neighbor’s house through the summer nights. In his blue gardens men and girls came and went like moths among the whisperings and the chamoagne and the stars...", the two sentences are taken from________.A. ’The Great Gatsby’ by FitzgeraldB. ’Sister Carrie’ by Theodore DreiserC. ’Moby-Dick’ by Herman MelvilleD. ’Daisy Miller’ by Henry James77. Which of the following comments on the novel “The Great Gatsby” is not true?A. The Great Gatsby is a novel that is a set against the ending of the war.B. Gatsby is a mystical figure whose intensity of dream partakes of a state of mind that embodies American itself.C. Gatsby is the last of the romantic heroes.D. Gatsby is wealthy but unintelligent and brutal.78. _____is Hemingway’s masterpiece.A. Farewell to ArmsB. For Whom the bell TollsC. The Sun Also RisesD. The Old Man and the Sea79. Which of the following best describes the protagonist of William Faulkner’s "A Rose for Emily"?A. She is a conservative aristocrat.B. She is a wealth lady.C. She is a prisoner of the past.D. She has good taste.80 Who, disregarding grammar and punctuation, always used "i" instead of "I" to refer to himself as a protest against self-importance?A. CummingsB. Wallace StevensC. FitzgeraldD. Ernest Hemingway3. Answer the following questions briefly.1)What is Chaucer's contribution to English language?2)What was the English Renaissance?3)What are the themes of "Robinson Crusoe"?4)Summarize Shelley's significance in the English literature.5) What are the periods of Shakespeare’s dramatic composition? And what are their respective features?6) What are the principles of classicists? Tell three representative classicists in the English literature and their representative works.7)Summarize Eliot's influence briefly.8)Why is Hamlet a representative of humanism?9) What are the characteristics of the American writings in the Romantic Period?10) How does “Rip Van Winkle” reveal Washington Irving’s conservative attitude?11) What is Hawthorne’s writing style?12) Comment on the language of Whitman’s poems13) What is Dreiser’s writing style?14) What is the Imagist Movement?15) What is the basic concern of The Hairy Ape?16) What is the theme of The Old Man and the Sea?17) Sea adventures are Melville’s favorite subject; "Moby-Dick" is a great novel in the theme, which is also noted for its symbolism, please analyze it in detail. 18) Why Modernism is different from Realism?4. Answer the following questions in detail.1)What are the general features of Shakespeare's plays?2) Summarize Byron's chief contribution and significance in the English literature.3) What are the three periods of Yeats’s literary career? Enumerate some representative works at each period.4) What are the characteristics of Romanticism in English literature? Give examples to illustrate them.5) Comment on the similarities and differences of the three dominant figures—William Dean Howells, Henry James and Mark Twain of the Realistic period.6) The background of American Modernism7) What is Hawthorne’s “black” vision of life and hum an beings?8) Analyze the theory of Theodore Dreiser’naturalism with example.9) Take examples to analyze the style and theme of Mark Twain.华中师范大学网络教育学院《英美文学史》测试题答案1. Write the names of the authors of the following literary works.1. Samuel Richardson2. Henry Fielding3. Richard Brinsley Sheridan4. Samuel Johnson5.Thomas Gray6.William Blake7.Robert Burns8.William Wordsworth9.Samuel Taylor Coleridge10.Robert Southey11.Walter Scott12.William Makepeace Thackeray13.Charlotte Bronte14.Emily Bronte15.George Eliot16.Robert Louis Stevenson17.Oscar Wilde18.John Galsworthy19.Thomas Hardy20.Bernard Shaw21.William Butler Yeats22.David Herbert Lawrence23.Virginia Woolf24.Charles Dickens25.Percy Shelley26.Christopher Marlow27.Jonathan Swift28.Jane Austen29.Henry Fielding30.Thomas Hardy31.William Shakespeare32.George Gordon Byron33.Samuel Taylor Coleridge34.r Edmund Spenser35.Alexander Pope36.Richard Brinsley Sheridan37.George Eliot38.James Joyce39.Poesy John Drydenurence Sterne41.Percy Shelley42)Thomas Jefferson43) Fenimore Cooper44) Washington Irving45) Emerson46) Henry David Thoreau47) Nathaniel Hawthorne48)Herman Melville49)Edgar Allan Poe50) Walt Whitman51)Walt Whitman52)Emily Dickinson53) Robert Frost54) Edgar Allan Poe55) Harriet Beecher Stowe56) William Dean Howells57) Henry James58) Mark Twain59) O. Henry60) Jack London61) Stephen Crane62) Frank Norris63) Theodore Dreiser64) Ezra Pound65) Ezra Pound66) Wallace Stevens67) Carl Sandburg68)T. S. Eliot69) John Steinbeck70) Fitzgerald71) William Faulkner72) Ernest Hemingway73) Eugene O’Neill74) Arthur Miller75) William Faulkner76) T. S. Eliot77) Longfellow78) John Steinbeck79) Mark Twain80)John Doss Passos2. Choose the right answer. 1Answer: D2Answer: B3 Answer: D4. Answer: C5. Answer: B6. Answer: B7. Answer: D8. Answer: B9. Answer: B10. Answer: A11. Answer: C13. Answer: B14. Answer: B15. Answer: B16. Answer: B17. Answer: C18. Answer: B19. Answer: D20. Answer: C21. Answer: B22. Answer: C23. Answer: B24. Answer: B25. Answer: A26. Answer: D27. Answer: A28. Answer: D29. Answer: A30. Answer: B31. Answer: C32. Answer: D33. Answer: B34. Answer: C35. Answer: D36. Answer: C37. Answer: D38. Answer: B39. Answer: A40. Answer: B41. Answer: A42. Answer: A43. Answer: B44. Answer: C45. Answer: B46. Answer: D47. Answer: C48. Answer: A49. Answer: C50. Answer: A51. Answer: B52. Answer: A53. Answer: D54. Answer: A55. Answer: D57Answer: D58. Answer: A59. Answer: A60. Answer: A61. Answer: D62. Answer: C63. Answer: A64. Answer: B65. Answer: A66. Answer: A67. Answer: B68. Answer: C69. Answer: B70. Answer: A71. Answer: D72. Answer: B73. answer: D74. Answer: A75. Answer: B76. Answer: A77. Answer: D78. Answer: D79. Answer: C80 Answer: A3. Answer the following questions briefly.5)What is Chaucer's contribution to English language?Chaucer's language is vivid and exact. His verse is smooth. His words are easy to understand. He introduced from France the rhymed stanzas of various types, especially the rhymed couplet of iambic pentameter which was later called the "heroic couplet." Though drawing influence from French, Italian and Latin models, he is the first important poet to write in the current English language. Chaucer did much in making the dialect of London the foundation for modern English language.6)What was the English Renaissance?The English Renaissance was an intellectual movement or rebirth of letters. There were two striking features. The first was the revived interest in classical literature. People were thirsty for works of Greek and Latin. Another feature was humanism. People began to see themselves as important beings, not only living for God and a future world. Interest in beauty and achievement rose. This was the outlook of the new bourgeois class. They believed in their strength. They expected the promising world opening to them. They believed that they could make the world according to their desires.7)What are the themes of "Robinson Crusoe"?1) The novel sings high praises of self-reliance. It demonstrates that man canremake the world with his own power. He can rely on himself in difficult situations.2) This novel is also an exhibition of man's capacity. Man has boundless energy. Together with his persistence and strong will power, he can do anything that may seem impossible previously.3) This novel also glorifies human labor. It is labor that saves Robinson Crusoe from despair, and labor is also a source of pride and happiness.In short, Robinson Crusoe is representative of the English bourgeoisie at the early stage of its development.4) This novel also touches upon the theme of colonization. Crusoe makes Friday his servant, and he himself master of the island and Friday. This plot is in accordance with the exploitation of the English bourgeois class out of Britain.8)Summarize Shelley's significance in the English literature.Shelley is one of the leading Romantic poets, an intense and original lyrical poet in the English language. Like Blake, he has a reputation as a difficult poet: erudite, imagistically complex, full of classical and mythological allusions. His style abounds in personification and metaphor and other figures of speech which describe vividly what we see and feel, or express what passionately moves us.5) What are the periods of Shakespeare’s dramatic composition? And what are their respective features?Three periods: 1. Period of historical plays and comedies. This period is characterized by happiness and optimism. This period can be further put into two phases: the phase of apprenticeship and the phase of maturation. 2. Period of tragedies. This period is characterized by gloom. 3. Period of romances or tragic-comedies. This period is characterized by reconciliation.6) What are the principles of classicists? Tell three representative classicists in the English literature and their representative works.1) The classicists modeled themselves on Greek and Latin authors, and tried to control literary creation by some fixed laws and rules drawn from Greek and Latin works. Rimed couplet instead of blank verse, the three unities of time, place and action, regularity in construction, and the presentation of types rather than individuals—these were some of the standards the classicists required of drama. Poetry, following the ancient divisions, should be lyric, epic, didactic, satiric or dramatic, and each class should be guided by some peculiar principles. Prose should be precise, direct and flexible. The English classicists followed these standards in thei r writing. 2) Addison and Steele, “The Tatler,” and “The Spectator.” Alexander Pope, “Essay on Criticism,” and “The Rape of the Lock.”9)Summarize Eliot's influence briefly.The novels of George Eliot mark the beginning of a new stage in the development of English critical realism following that of Dickens and Thackeray. In one respect her work had an advantage over her predecessors. Her characters were not grotesque types, but real, common men and women, whose psychology Eliot revealed very skillfully to the reader. But in other respects her work marks a retrogression. She shifted the center of gravity in the novel from the social problems to the problems of religion and morality. Though aware of the evils of bourgeois society, she did not。

202X年7月高等教育自学考试全国统一命题考试英美文学选读卷子课程代码0604PART one(40 Points)I．Multiple Choice (40 points in all, 1 for each)Select from the four choices of each item the one that best answers the question or completes the statement.Mark your choice by blackening the corresponding letter A，B，C Or D On theAnswer Sheet.1．_______, a typical example of old English poetry，is regarded as the national epic of the Anglo—Saxons．A．The Canterbury TalesB．ExodusC．BeowulfD．The Legend of Good Women2．It was ______ who first introduced the Petrarchan sonnet into England.A．CaxtonB．WyattC．SurreyD．Marlowe3．It is generally believed that the most important play among Shakespeare’s comedies is ______ A．A Midsummer Night’s DreamB．As You Like ItC．The Merchant of VeniceD．Twelfth Night4．All the following poets except ______ belong to the metaphysical school.A．DonneB．HerbertC．MarvellD．Milton5．Of all the eighteenth —century novelists, ______ was the first to set out, both in theory and practice, to write specifically a “comic epic in prose〞and the first to give the modern novel its structure and style.A．Daniel DefoeB．Samuel RichardsonC．Henry FieldingD．Oliver Goldsmith6．Although writing from different points of view and with different techniques, writers in the Victorican Period shared one thing in common, that is, they were all concerned about ______ .A．the love story between the rich and the poorB．the techniques in writingC．the fate of the common peopleD．the future of their own country7．In the theatrical world of the neoclassical period ______ was the leading figure among the host of playwrights.A．William BlakeB．Richard SheridanC．Ben JonsonD．Bernard Shaw8．The eighteenth —century England is also known as the Age of Enlightenment or the Age of ______.A．IntellectB．ReasonC．RationalityD．Science9．______ by Swift is generally regarded as the best model of satire, not only of the 18th century but also in the whole English literary history.A．A Tale of a TubB．The Battle of the BooksC．〞A Modest Proposal 〞D．Gulliver’s Travels10．The novels of______ are the first literary work devoted to the study of problems of the lower —class people.A．BunyanB．DefoeC．FieldingD．Swift11．Thomas Gray established his fame as the leader of the ______ of the day.A．romantic poetryB．sentimental poetryC．neoclassical poetryD．realistic novel12．Which of the following is taken from John Keats’s “Ode on a Grecian Urn〞______ A．〞If Winter comes, can Spring be far behind〞B．〞For Godsake hold your tongue, and let me love.〞C．〞Heard melodies are sweet, but those unheard/Are sweeter〞D．〞The Child is father of the Man.〞13．Robert Browning’s style is ______.A．identical with that of the other VictoriansB．similar to that of TennysonC．perfectly artisticD．rough and disproportionate in appearance14．Thomas Hardy wrote novels of ______.A．character and environmentB．pure romanceC．stream of consciousnessD．psychoanalysis15．The three trilogies of ______ novels are masterpieces of critical realism in the early 20th century.A．Galsworthy’s ForsyteB．Lewis Grassic Gibbon’s Sunset Song’s Women in Love’s A Passage to India16．______ is considered to be the best—known English dramatist since Shakespeare.A．Oscar WildeB．Christopher MarloweC．John DrydenD．Bernard Shaw17．______ was awarded Nobel Prize for literature in 1923.A．Bernard ShawB．John Galsworthy18．Of the following poets, which is not regarded as “Lake Poets〞A．Samuel Taylor ColeridgeB．Robert SoutheyC．William WordsworthD．George Gordon Byron19．The four great odes of John Keats include the following EXCEPT ______.A．〞Ode on Melancholy〞B．〞Ode on a Grecian Urn〞C．〞Ode to a Nightingale〞D．〞Ode to the West wind〞’s masterpieces.A．Women in LoveB．Sons and LoversC．Lady Chatterley’s LoverD．The Plumed Serpent21．In Oscar Wilde’s masterpiece ______, he expressed a satirical and bitter attitude towards the upper —class people by revealing their corruption, snobbery and hypocrisy.A．SalomeB．The Importance of Being EarnestC．The Happy PrinceD．A Woman of No Importance22．〞The V anity Fair 〞is a well—known part in The Pilgrim’s Progress, which of the following writers later adopted it as the title of a novel？A．DickensB．ThackerayC．FieldingD．Hardy23．To the transcendentalists such as ______ and Thoreau, man is divine in nature; but to Hawthorne and Melville, everybody is potentially a sinner.A．Washington IrvingB．EmersonC．Henry JamesD．Emily Dickinson24．Washington Irving’s ______ was written in England, filled with English scenes and quotations from English authors and faithful to British orthography.A．Bracebridge HallB．Tales of a TravelerC．The Sketch BookD．The Alhambra25．The American Romantic writers celebrated America’s landscape with its virgin forests, meadows, groves, endless prairies, streams, and vast oceans.______ came to function almost as a dramatic character that symbolized moral law.A．The Atlantic OceanB．The Rocky MountainsC．The Pacific OceanD．The wilderness26．Which one of the following statements is NOT true of Washington IrvingA．He was regarded as Father of the American Short Story.B．He was one of the first American writers to earn an international reputation.C．He enjoyed the honor of being “the American Goldsmith〞for his literary craftsmanship.D．He was one of the advocates of the New England Transcendentalism.27．Which one of the following statements is NOT true of Ralph Waldo Emerson and his works A．Emerson’s essays often have a formal style, for most of them were derived from his journals or lectures.B．In his essays, Emerson put forward his philosophy of Transcendentalism, focusing on the importance of the individual and the nature.C．Emerson based his philosophy on an intuitive belief in an ultimate unity, which he called the 〞over—soul〞.D．Emerson is affirmative about man’s intuitive knowledge, with which a man can trust himself to decide what is right and to act accordingly.28．〞The lover of nature is he whose inward and outward senses are still truly adjusted to each other, who has retained the spirit of infancy even into the era of manhood〞. This is the voice of the book _____ written by Emerson, which pushed American Romanticism into a new phase, the phase of New England _________.A．Nature…SymbolismB．The American Scholar…NaturalismC．Nature…TranscendentalismD．the American Scholar…Realism29．Which one of the following statements about Hawthorne’s The Scarlet Letter is trueA．Hawthorne intended to tell a love story in this novel.B．Hawthorne intended to tell a story of sin in this novel.C．Hawthorne intended to reveal the human psyche after they sinned, so as to show people the tension between society and individuals.D．Hawthorne focused his attention on consequences of the sin on the people in general, so as to call the readers back to the conventional Puritan way of living.30．Walt Whitman is a poet with a strong sense of mission, having decoted all his life to the creation of the “single〞poem, ________.A．ChicagoB．My Lost YouthC．Leaves of GrassD．A Pact31．Redburn is a semi —autobiographical novel written by ________, concerning the sufferings of a genteel youth among brutal sailors.A．Walt WhitmanB．Nathaniel HawthorneC．Herman MelvilleD．Ralph Waldo Emerson32．The period ranging from ________ to ________ has been referred to as the Age of Realism in the literary history of the United States.A．1865 (1945)B．1865 (1914)C．1783 (1945)D．1783 (1914)33．________thought that the writer should use language to probe the deepest reaches of the psychological and moral nature of human beings rather than simply hold a mirror to the surface of social life in particular times and places. He is a realist of the inner life.A．Mark TwainB．William Dean HowellsC．Henry JamesD．Theodore Dreiser34．〞I felt good and all washed clean of sin for the first time I had ever felt so in my life, and I knowed I could pray now. But I didn’t do it straight off, but laid the paper down and set there thinking —thinking how good it was all this happened so, and how near I come to being lost and going to hell. 〞The above passage is taken from ________.A．The Adventures of Huckleberry FinnB．The Adventures of Tom SawyerC．Uncle Tom’s CabinD．Life on the Mississippi35．The following statements are all true of Daisy Miller EXCEPT________.A．Frederick Winterbourne, the narrator of the story, es an American expatriate.B．With the publication of Daisy Miller, William James reputation was firmly established on both sides of the Atlantic.C．With the publication of Daisy Miller, Daisy Miller has ever since become the American Girl in Europe, a celebrated cultural type who embodies the spirit of the New World.D．Daisy Miller’s defiance of social taboos in the Old World finally brings her to a disaster in the clash between the two different cultures.36．Which one of the following statements is true of Dickinson’s “I like to see it lap the Miles〞A．This poem describes a mare dancing at midnight.B．This poem describes a horse galloping through valleys.C．This poem describes a train running through the mountainous area.D．This poem describes a traveler’s joyous journey through the scenic mountainous area.37．________ is considered to be a spokesman for the alienated youth in the post —war era and his The Catcher in the Rye is regarded as a students’ classicA．Allen GinXergD．Henry James38．Towards the end of After Apple —Picking，Frost writes “ Were he not gone, /The woodchuck could say whether it’s like his /Long sleep, as I describe its coming on, /Or just some human sleep.〞The “human sleep 〞here refers to ________.A．a trip to the countrysideB．deathC．rest after a day’s work in the orchardD．exaltation of mind39．In the third chapter of The Great GatXy by Fitzgerald, there is a wonderful description of GatXy’s party which evokes both ___________ of that strange and fascinating era that we call________.A．the pride and the prejudice…Victorian AgeB．the romance and the sadness…Jazz AgeC．the love and the hatred…Age of ReasonD．the Vanity and the disillusionment…Age of Reason40．Faulkner once said that ___________ is a story of 〞lost innocence〞, which proves itself to be an intensification of the theme of imprisonment in the past.A．The Sound and the FuryB．Go Down, MosesC．Light in AugustD．Absalom, Absalom!PART TWO (60 POINTS)II．Reading Comprehension (16 points in all, 4 for each)Read the quoted parts carefully and answer the questions in English. Write your answers in the corresponding space on the answer sheet.41．〞To be, or not to be —that is the question;Whether’ tis nobler in the mind to sufferThe slings and arrows of outrageous fortune,Or to take arms against a sea of troubles,And by opposing end them〞Questions:A．Identify the author and the title of the passage from which this part is taken.B．Explain the meaning of “To be, or not to be〞.C．How do you understand the last two lines42．〞The boast of heraldry, the pomp of power,And all that beauty, all that wealth e’er gave,Awaits alike the inevitable hour.The paths of glory lead but to the grave.〞Questions:A．Identify the author and the title of the passage from which this part is taken.B．What does the phrase 〞inevitable hour〞meanC．Write out the main idea of the passage in plain English.43．〞I glanced back once. A wafer of a moon was shinning over GatXy’s house, making the night fine as before, and surviving the laughter and the sound of his still glowing garden. A sudden emptiness seemed to flow now from the windows and the great doors, endowing with complete isolation the figure of the host, who stood on the porch, his hand up in a formal gesture of farewell. 〞Questions:A．Identify the author and the title of the passage from which this part is taken.B．The passage describes the end of an event, What is itC．What implied meaning can you get from reading this passage44．We passed the School, where Children strove AT Recess—in the Ring—We passed the Fields of Gazing Grain—We passed the Setting Sun—Questions:A．Who is the author of this stanza taken from the poem “Because I could not stop for Death—〞？B．What do the underlined parts symbolizeC．Where were “we〞heading towardIII．Questions and Answers (24 points in all,6 for each)Give brief answers to each of the following questions in English. Write your answers in the corresponding space on the answer sheet.45．Edmund Spenser is one of the poets of English Renaissance. What are the qualities of his poetry46．The Man of Property is the first novel of the Forsyte trilogies by Galsworthy. What is the theme and the tone of The Man of Property47．Hawthorne’s “Young Goodman Brown〞is often read as a conventional allegory. What does the work symbolically concern48．William Faulkner is one of the greatest American novelists. What do you know about his narrative techniques IV．Topic Discussion (20 points in all, 10 for each)Write no less than 150 word on each of the following topics in English in the corresponding space on the answer sheet.49．Discuss Charles Dickens’ art of fiction: the setting, the character —portrayal, the language, etc., based on his novel Oliver Twist.50．Discuss the symbolism employed in Moby Dick.。

1.William Faulkner is the author of ______.A.Far from the Madding CrowdB.The Sound and the FuryC.For Whom the Bell TollsD.The Scarlet Letter2.Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard is a poem written by ______.A.Oliver GoldsmithB.James ThomsonC.Thomas GreyD.Alexander Pope3.Which of the following is NOT written by William Shakespeare?A.OthelloB.The Tragical History of Dr. FaustusC.Romeo and JulietD.The Twelfth Night4.Beowulf narrates a story taking place in______.A.The MediterraneanB.Northern EuropeC.EnglandD.Scandinavia5.William Wordsworth is an English ______.A.PoetB.NovelistC.PlaywrightD.critic6.The great transcendental work by Henry David Thoreau is ______.A.NatureB.WaldenC.ExperienceD.Essays7.The Brontë sisters published the following famous novels EXCEPT ______.A.EmmaB.Jane EyreC.Wuthering HeightD.Agnes Grey8.In which novel can “Yahoo” be found?A.John Bunyan’s Pilgrim’s ProgressB.Edmund Spencer’s The Faerie Queen.C.Jonathan Swift’s Gulliver’s Travels.D.Henry Fielding’s Tom Jones.9.Mark Twain shaped the world’s view of American and made a combination of ______and serious literature.A.American folk humorB.Funny jokesC.English folkloreD.American values10.Who was the first American to achieve an international literary reputation after the Revolutionary War?A.Fennimore Copper.B.Nathaniel HawthorneC.Walt WhitmanD.Washington Irving11.Paradise Lost is a masterpiece by______.A.Christopher MarlowB.John MiltonC.William ShakespeareD.Ben Johnson12.In the works of aesthetism, the theory of “art for art’s sake” is advocated by ______.A.Oscar WildeB.Mrs. GaskellC.Alexander PopeD.Charles Lamb13.Whose works are characterized by stream-of-consciousness?A.George EliotB.Jane AustenC.Emily BrontëD.James Joyce14.The period from 1865-1914 has been referred to as the ______ in the literary history of the United States.A.Age of RealismB.Age of ClassicalismC.Age of RomanticismD.Age of Renaissance15.“If Winter comes, can spring be far behind?” is an epigrammatic line by______.A.J. KeatsB. B. W. BlakeC.P. B. ShellyD.W. Wordsworth16.Leaves of Grass is written by ______.A.Walt WhitmanB.Carl Sandburgngston HughesD.Allen Ginsberg17.The period of Old English literature refers to ______.A.449-1066B.14th century-mid 17th centuryC.14th century-mid 18th centuryD.16th century-mid 18th century18.Sister Carrie is a masterpiece of ______ work.A.RomanticB.ClassicC.Neo-classicD.Naturalistic19.Who is the father of English poetryA.William ShakespeareB.Edmund SpencerC.John MiltonD.Geoffrey Chaucer20.The Red Badge of Courage is written by ______.A.Frank NorisB.Sherwood AndersonC.Willa CatherD.Stephen Crane21.Which of the following poem is NOT written by George Gordon Byron?A.She Walks in BeautyB.The Solitary ReaperC.When We Two partedD.Childe Harold’s Pilgrimage.22.Hester is a character in ______.A.Gone with the WindB.The fall of the House of UsherC.BabbittD.The Scarlet Letter23.Animal Farm is the masterpiece of ______.A.George OrwellB.Virginia WoolfC.Thomas HardyD. E. M. Forster24.The Catcher in the Rye is written by ______.A.J. D. SalingerB.Jack LondonC.Flannery O’ConnorD.Saul Bellow25.Hemingway once described ______ the one book from which “all modern American literature comes”.A.Moby-DickB.The Sun Also RisesC.The Adventures of Huckleberry FinnD.The Great Gatsby26.The literary spokesman of Jazz is often though to be ______.A.O’NeilB.PoundC.Robert FrostD.Scott Fitzgerald27.Which of the following poem is written by William Butler Yeats?A.Sailing to ByzantiumB.To an Athlete Dying YoungC.Musee des Beaux Arts.D.Church Going28.Among the following poets, which is not a lake poet?A.William WordsworthB.Samuel Taylor ColeridgeC.Robert SoutheyD.William Collins29.Which of the following is NOT true for Benjamin Franklin?A.He was a famous writer.B.He was a member to draft the Declaration of Independence.C.He was a great scientist.D.He was once elected American President.30.Utopia is ______ work.A.Thomas More’sB.Francis Bacon’sC.John Dryden’sD.George Herbert’s31.The American ______ as a cultural heritage exerted great influences over American Moral Values in the American Romantic Period.A.PuritanismB.AtheismC.DeismD.Cynicism32.The title of Alfred Tennyson’s poem Ulysses reminds the reader of the following EXCEPT ______.A.The Trojan WarB.Homer’s OdysseyC.Adventures over the seaD.Religious quest33.Lyrical Ballads is the joint work between Wordsworth and his friend ______.A.ColeridgeB.ByronC.KeatsD.Shelly34.The title of Thackeray’s Vanity Fair is taken from ______.A.The Holy BibleB.The Faerie QueenC.The Pilgrim’s ProgressD.Paradise Lost35.The theme of A Tale of Two Cities is ______.A.RevolutionB.WarC.LoveD.Brotherhood36.In America, there is “a little lady who started a great war”. Who is she?A.Anne BradstreetB.Harriet Beecher StoweC.Edith WhartonD.Katherine Anne Porter37.Waiting for Godot is a ______.A.PoemB.PlayC.Short storyD.Novel38.Mr. Darcy is a character in ______.A.Tess of D’UrbervillesB.Pride and PrejudiceC.Happy PrinceD.The Mill of the Floss39.Which of the following is NOT Virginia Woolf’s novel?A.To the LighthouseB.Mrs. DallowayC.The WavesD.Modern Painters.40.______ is the first American professional writer and the first writer of detective story in the world.A.Ezra PoundB.Washington IrvingC.Nathaniel HawthorneD.Edgar Allan Poe41.The Renaissance was a European cultural movement, which originated in______.A.FranceB.BritainC.ItalyD.Spain42.Among the following novels, ______ is Thomas Hardy’s best-known novel.A.The Return of the NativeB.Far From the Madding CrowdC.The Mayor of CasterbridgeD.Tess of the D’Urbervilles43.______ called himself “the trumpeter of a new age”. He was England’s first essayist.A.Richard SteeleB.Joseph AddisonC.Francis BaconD.Alexander Pope44.On the Road is the masterpiece of ______..A.Arthur MillerB.J.D. SalingerC.Allen GinsbergD.Jack Kerouacnguage spoken by the Anglo-Saxons is called the ______, which is the foundation of English language and literature.A.Modern EnglishB.Old EnglishC.Ancient EnglishD.Medieval English46.Robinson Crusoe is written by ______.A.Henry FieldingB.Samuel Richardsonwrence SterneD.Daniel Defoe47.______ is D.H. Lawrence’s semi-autobiographical novel.A.Sons and LoversB.Women in LoveC.The plumed Serpentdy Chatterley’s Lover48.The Waste Land, written by ______, is the greatest modernist poem.A.T.S. EliotB.William Butler YeatsC.Alfred TennysonD.Mathew Arnold49.The Sherlock Holmes stories were written by ___ ___.A.George EliotB.Charles DickensC.Arthur Conan DoyleD.Rudyard Kipling50.“The dignity of movement of an iceberg is due to only one eighth of it being above water.” This sentence best illustrates the writing technique of ______.A.Ernest HemingwayB.Dos PassosC. F. Scott FitzgeraldD.William Faulkner。

练习题英国文学部分1.Anglo-Saxon conquest happened in the _15th_ century.2.Angles, Saxons and _jutes_ usually known as Anglo-Saxons are the firstEnglishman.3._Beowulf_ is the most important specimen of Old English literature and also theoldest surviving epic in the English language.4.The first known religious poet in England is _Caedmon_.5.Today Chaucer is acclaimed not only as “the father of English poetry”, but also as“the father of English fiction”. His masterpiece is _The Cabterbury Tales__.6.The Canterbury Tales contains in fact a general prologue and only __24_ tales, ofwhich two are left unfinished.7.The _General Prologue_ provides a framework for the tales in The CanterburyTales, and it comprises a group of vivid pictures of various medieval figures.8.The Canterbury Tales is Chaucer’s greatest work and the greater part of it waswritten in _heroic__ couplet.9.The pilgrims in The Canterbury Tales are on the way to the shrine of St. Thomas aBecket at a place named __Cabterbury__.10.Chaucer’s learning was wide in scope. He obtained a good knowledge of _Italin__,_Latin__, and __French____.11.____Troilus and Criseyde__ is Chaucer’s longest complete poem and his greatestartistic achievement.12.Chaucer’s earliest work of any length is his Romaunt_of the Rose__, a freetranslation of French poem names Roman de la Rose.13.The _Anglo-Saxon__ period witnessed a transition from tribal society tofeudalism.14.__Caedmon______ is known as the “Father of English song”15.The early inhabitants on the island now we call England were _Britons______, atribe of Celts. From it the island got its name of Britain.16.In 1066, the Norman defeated the Anglo-Saxons at the battle of __Hastings_.17._Geoffery Chaucer__ is acclaimed not only as “the father of English poetry” butalso as “the father of English fiction”.18.After the _Norman__ conquest, feudal system was established in English society.19.The Romances were usually composed for the noble, of the noble, and hadnothing to do with the _common people___.T/F1.Beowulf reflects how people in the feudal(tribal) society fought against nature. F2.English poetry in the Anglo-Saxon period falls into two groups: religious andpagan. T3.Chaucer’s language, now called old(medieval) English, is vivid and exact. He isthe first great poet who wrote in the English language. F。

《英美文学选读》自考真题试题及答案解析一、单选题（共50题，共100分）1.( )is generally regarded as the forerunner of the 20th —century “stream— of —consciousness ” novels and the founder of psychological realism.A.Theodore DreiserB.William FapknerC.Henry JamesD.Mark Twain2.Closely relate d to Dickinson ’s religious poetry are her poems concerning( ),ranging over the physical as well as the psychological and emotional aspects of death.A.love and natureB.death and universeC.death and immortalityD.family and happiness3.considered( ) “the true father of our nationalliterature ”.A.Bret HarteB.Mark TwainC.Washington IrvingD.Walt Whitman4.Among the following writers( )is generally regarded as the forerunner of the 20th - century “stream - of - consciousness ” novels and the founder of psychological realism.A. T. S. EliotB.James JoyceC.William FapknerD.Henry James5.The childhood of Tom Sawyer and Huck Finn in the Mississippi is a record of a vanished way of life in the( )Mississippi valleyA.pre - War of IndependenceB.post - War of IndependenceC.pre - Civil WarD.post - Civil War6.The Portrait of A Lady is generally considered tobe( )masterpiece,which describes the life journey of an American( )in a European cptural environment.A.Henry Adams’…widowB.William James ’…girlC.Henry James’…girlD.Theodore Dreiser ’s…widow7.Which of the following statements is NOT true of Emily Dickinson and her poetry?A.She remained unmarried all her lifeB.She wrote,1,775 poems,and most of them were published during her life time.C.Her poems have no titles,hence are always quoted by their first lines.D.Her limited private world has never confined the limitless power of her creativity and imagination.8.Henry James’ fame generally rests upon his novels and stories with the( )theme.A.internationalB.localC.colonialD.post-modern9.After the American Civil War,the literary interest in theso- called “reality ” of life started a new period in the American literary writings know an the Age of( ).A.RealismB.Reason and RevolutionC.RomanticismD.Modernism10.Mark Twain employed an unpretentious style of( )in his novels which is best described as “vernacpar ”.A.standard EnglishB.Afro-American EnglishC.colloquialismD.urbanism11.The Adventures of Tom Sawyer and,especially,its sequence( )proved themselves to be the milestone in the American literature.A.The Adventures of Huckleberry FinnB.Life on the MississippiC.The Gilded AgeD.Roughing It12.Mark Twain’s particpar concern about the local character of a region ca me about as “local colorism, ” a unique va riation of American literary( ).A.romanticismB.nationalismC.modernismD.realism13.Hemingway’s “Indian Camp ” is one of the fourteen short stories collected under the title of( ).This title is very ironic because there is no peace at all in the stories.A.Three Stories and Ten PoemsB.Across the River and into the TreesC.The Green Hills of AfricaD.In Our Time14.At the age of eighty -seven,( )read his poetry at the inauguration of President John in 1961.A.Robert FrostB.Walt WhitmanC.Ezra Pound15.Unlike his contemporaries in the early 20th century,( )did not break up with the poetic tradition nor made any experiment on form.A.Walt WhitmanB.Robert FrostC.Ezra Pound16.With the publication of( ),Theodore Dreiser was launching himself upon a long career that wopd ptimately make him one of the most significant American writers of the school later known as literary naturalism.A.Sister CarrieB.The TitanC.An American TragedyD.The Stoic17.“The dignity of movement of an iceberg is due to only one- eighth of it being above water. ” This “iceberg ” analogy is put forward by( ).A.Mark TwainB.Ezra PoundC.William FapknerD.Ernest Hemingway18.“My last Duchess ” is a poem that best exemplifies Robert Browning ’s( ).A.sensitive ear for the sounds of the English languageB.excellent choice of wordsC.mastering of the metrical devicese of the dramatic monologue19.Most literary critics think that Fitzgerald is both an insider and an outsider of( )with a double vision.A.the Jazz AgeB.the Age of Reason and RevolutionC.the Babybooming AgeD.the Post- Modern Age20.“The dignity of movement of an iceberg is due to only one -eighth of it being abov e water. ” This “iceberg ” analogy about prose style was put forward by( ).A.William FapknerB.Henry JamesC.Ernest HemingwayD.F· Scott Fitzgerald21.The Nobel Prize Committee highly praised( )for “his powerfp style - forming mastery of the art ” of creating modern fiction.A.Ezra PoundB.Ernest HemingwayC.Robert FrostD.Theodore Dreiser22.In 1950,one of the leading American writers( )was awarded the Nobel Prize for the anti-racist Intruder in the Dust.A.Robert FrostB.Theodore DreiserC.William FapknerD.Fitzgerald23.Greatly and permanently affected bythe( )experiences,Hemingway formed his own writingstyle,together with his theme and hero.A.miningB.farmingC.warD.sailing24.Like all naturalists,( )was restrained from finding a solution to the social problems that appeared in his novels and accordingly almost all his works have tragic endings.A.Theodore DreiserB.Henry JamesC.Washington IrvingD.Walt Whitman25.It was his masterpiece The Great Gatsby that made( )one of the greatest American novelists.A. FitzgeraldB.William FapknerC.Ernest HemmingwayD.Gertrude Steinbeck26.The Financier,The Titan and The Stoic by Theodore Dreiser are called his “Trilogy of( ). ”A.HatredB.DeathC.DesireD.Fate27.In Death in the Afternoon( )presents his philosophy about life and death through the depiction of the bplfight as a kind of microcosmic tragedy.A.William FapknerB.Jack LondonC.Ernest HemingwayD.Mark Twain28.Eugene O’Neill ’s first fpl — length play,( ),won him the first Ppitzer theme is the choice between life and death,the interaction of subjective and objective factors.A.Bound East for CardiffB.The Hairy ApeC.Desire Under the ElmsD.Beyond the Horizon29.In 1920,( )published his first novel This Side of Paradise which was,to some extent,his own story.A.F·Scott FitzgeraldB.Ernest HemingwayC.William FapknerD.Emily Dickinson30.Man is a “victim of forces over which he has no control. ” This is a notion held strongly by( ).A.Robert FrostB.Theodore DreiserC.Henry JamesD.Hamlin Garland31.The attitude towards life that( )had been trying to demonstrate in his works is known as “grace under pressure ”.A.William FapknerB.Theodore DreiserC.Ernest HemingwayD.F·Scott Fitzgerald32.Robert Frost is generally considered a regional poet whose subject matters mainly focus on the landscape and people in( ).A.the westB.the southC.AlaskaD.New England33.In most of his writings,( )deliberately broke up the chronology of his narrative by juxtaposing the past with the present,in the way the montage does in a movie.A.Walt WhitmanB.William FapknerC.Ernest HemingwayD. Fitzgerald34.Ezra Pound,a leading spokesman of the “( ) ”,was one of the most important poets in his time.A.Imagist MovementB.Cubist MovementC.Reformist MovementD.Transcendentalist Movement35.The effect of Darwinist idea of “survival of the fittest ” was shattering in() ’s fictional world of jungle,where “kill or to be killed ” was the law.A.Mark TwainC.Theodore DreiserD.Walt Whitman36.William Fapkner set most of his works in theAmerican( ),with his emphasis on the( )subjects and consciousness.A.North...NorthernB.East...EasternC.West...WesternD.South...Southern37.The( )Age of the 1920s characterized by frivolity and carelessness is brought vividly to life in The Great Gatsby.A.LostB.JazzC.ReasonD.Gilded38.In 1950,( )was awarded the Nobel Prize for the anti-racist Intruder in the Dust.A.William FapknerC.Ezra PoundD.Ernest Hemingway39.William Fapkner once said that( )is a story of “lost innocence, ” which proves itself to be an intensification of the theme of imprisonment in the past.A.The Great GatsbyB.The Sound and the FuryC.Absalom,Absalom!D.Go Down,Moses40.In Go Down,Moses,( )illuminates the problem of black and white in Southern society as a closeknit destiny of blood brotherhood.A.William FapknerB.Jack LondonC.Herman MelvilleD.Nathaniel Hawthorne41.This type of desk and chair can be adjusted ________ the height of students at different agesA.withB.forC.toD.in42.The teacher told us the fact _______.A.which the earth moves around the sunB.that the earth moved around the sunC.that the sun moves around the earthD.that the earth moves around the sun43.What he had done is _______A.valueB.of valuableC.of no valueD.of no valuable44.That is the house _______ you can enjoy the scenery.A. in thatB.thatC.whichD.from which45.Some persons gain goal and direction from their tensions;others ________ under pressure.A.fall outB.fall apartC.fall back onD.fall in with46.She disagrees ______ him ______ everything.A.with, onB./, onC.with, atD.on, with47.Nobody but you _______ what he said.A. agrees withB.agrees outC.agree withD.agree to48.In the original test，all the animals in a test group are given a substance _______ half of them dieA.unlessB.untilC.lestD.provided49.Now many major employers are beginning to demand _______ the completion of schoolA.more thanB.rather thanC.other thanD.better than50.Opposition leaders will be watching carefply to see how the Prime Minister ________ the crisis.A.handlesB.conductsC.observesD.directs1、正确答案： C本题解析：亨利 . 詹姆斯是美国现实主义文学大师，他的作品往往涉及美国之外的主题，其作品的风格是“心理活动”。

华中师范大学网络教育学院《英美文学史》测试题答案1. Write the names of the authors of the following literary works.1. Samuel Richardson2. Henry Fielding3. Richard Brinsley Sheridan4. Samuel Johnson5.Thomas Gray6.William Blake7.Robert Burns8.William Wordsworth9.Samuel Taylor Coleridge10.Robert Southey11.Walter Scott12.William Makepeace Thackeray13.Charlotte Bronte14.Emily Bronte15.George Eliot16.Robert Louis Stevenson17.Oscar Wilde18.John Galsworthy19.Thomas Hardy20.Bernard Shaw21.William Butler Yeats22.David Herbert Lawrence23.Virginia Woolf24.Charles Dickens25.Percy Shelley26.Christopher Marlow27.Jonathan Swift28.Jane Austen29.Henry Fielding30.Thomas Hardy31.William Shakespeare32.George Gordon Byron33.Samuel Taylor Coleridge34.r Edmund Spenser35.Alexander Pope36.Richard Brinsley Sheridan37.George Eliot38.James Joyce39.Poesy John Drydenurence Sterne41.Percy Shelley42)Thomas Jefferson43) Fenimore Cooper44) Washington Irving45) Emerson46) Henry David Thoreau47) Nathaniel Hawthorne48)Herman Melville49)Edgar Allan Poe50) Walt Whitman51)Walt Whitman52)Emily Dickinson53) Robert Frost54) Edgar Allan Poe55) Harriet Beecher Stowe56) William Dean Howells57) Henry James58) Mark Twain59) O. Henry60) Jack London61) Stephen Crane62) Frank Norris63) Theodore Dreiser64) Ezra Pound65) Ezra Pound66) Wallace Stevens67) Carl Sandburg68)T. S. Eliot69) John Steinbeck70) Fitzgerald71) William Faulkner72) Ernest Hemingway73) Eugene O’Neill74) Arthur Miller75) William Faulkner76) T. S. Eliot77) Longfellow78) John Steinbeck79) Mark Twain80)John Doss Passos2. Choose the right answer. 1Answer: D2Answer: B3 Answer: D4. Answer: C6. Answer: B7. Answer: D8. Answer: B9. Answer: B10. Answer: A11. Answer: C12. Answer: C13. Answer: B14. Answer: B15. Answer: B16. Answer: B17. Answer: C18. Answer: B19. Answer: D20. Answer: C21. Answer: B22. Answer: C23. Answer: B24. Answer: B25. Answer: A26. Answer: D27. Answer: A28. Answer: D29. Answer: A30. Answer: B31. Answer: C32. Answer: D33. Answer: B34. Answer: C35. Answer: D36. Answer: C37. Answer: D38. Answer: B39. Answer: A40. Answer: B41. Answer: A42. Answer: A43. Answer: B44. Answer: C45. Answer: B46. Answer: D47. Answer: C48. Answer: A50. Answer: A51. Answer: B52. Answer: A53. Answer: D54. Answer: A55. Answer: D56. Answer: D57Answer: D58. Answer: A59. Answer: A60. Answer: A61. Answer: D62. Answer: C63. Answer: A64. Answer: B65. Answer: A66. Answer: A67. Answer: B68. Answer: C69. Answer: B70. Answer: A71. Answer: D72. Answer: B73. answer: D74. Answer: A75. Answer: B76. Answer: A77. Answer: D78. Answer: D79. Answer: C80 Answer: A3. Answer the following questions briefly.1)What is Chaucer's contribution to English language?Chaucer's language is vivid and exact. His verse is smooth. His words are easy to understand. He introduced from France the rhymed stanzas of various types, especially the rhymed couplet of iambic pentameter which was later called the "heroic couplet." Though drawing influence from French, Italian and Latin models, he is the first important poet to write in the current English language. Chaucer did much in making the dialect of London the foundation for modern English language.2)What was the English Renaissance?The English Renaissance was an intellectual movement or rebirth of letters. There were two striking features. The first was the revived interest in classical literature. People were thirsty for works of Greek and Latin. Another feature washumanism. People began to see themselves as important beings, not only living for God and a future world. Interest in beauty and achievement rose. This was the outlook of the new bourgeois class. They believed in their strength. They expected the promising world opening to them. They believed that they could make the world according to their desires.3)What are the themes of "Robinson Crusoe"?1) The novel sings high praises of self-reliance. It demonstrates that man can remake the world with his own power. He can rely on himself in difficult situations.2) This novel is also an exhibition of man's capacity. Man has boundless energy. Together with his persistence and strong will power, he can do anything that may seem impossible previously.3) This novel also glorifies human labor. It is labor that saves Robinson Crusoe from despair, and labor is also a source of pride and happiness.In short, Robinson Crusoe is representative of the English bourgeoisie at the early stage of its development.4) This novel also touches upon the theme of colonization. Crusoe makes Friday his servant, and he himself master of the island and Friday. This plot is in accordance with the exploitation of the English bourgeois class out of Britain.4)Summarize Shelley's significance in the English literature.Shelley is one of the leading Romantic poets, an intense and original lyrical poet in the English language. Like Blake, he has a reputation as a difficult poet: erudite, imagistically complex, full of classical and mythological allusions. His style abounds in personification and metaphor and other figures of speech which describe vividly what we see and feel, or express what passionately moves us.5) What are the periods of Shakespeare’s dramatic composition? And what are their respective features?Three periods: 1. Period of historical plays and comedies. This period is characterized by happiness and optimism. This period can be further put into two phases: the phase of apprenticeship and the phase of maturation. 2. Period of tragedies. This period is characterized by gloom. 3. Period of romances or tragic-comedies. This period is characterized by reconciliation.6) What are the principles of classicists? Tell three representative classicists in the English literature and their representative works.1) The classicists modeled themselves on Greek and Latin authors, and tried to control literary creation by some fixed laws and rules drawn from Greek and Latin works. Rimed couplet instead of blank verse, the three unities of time, place and action, regularity in construction, and the presentation of types rather than individuals—these were some of the standards the classicists required of drama. Poetry, following the ancient divisions, should be lyric, epic, didactic, satiric or dramatic, and each class should be guided by some peculiar principles. Prose should be precise, direct and flexible. The English classicists followed these standards in thei r writing. 2) Addison and Steele, “The Tatler,” and “The Spectator.” Alexander Pope, “Essay on Criticism,” and “The Rape of the Lock.”7)Summarize Eliot's influence briefly.The novels of George Eliot mark the beginning of a new stage in the development of English critical realism following that of Dickens and Thackeray. In one respect her work had an advantage over her predecessors. Her characters were not grotesque types, but real, common men and women, whose psychology Eliot revealed very skillfully to the reader. But in other respects her work marks a retrogression. She shifted the center of gravity in the novel from the social problems to the problems of religion and morality. Though aware of the evils of bourgeois society, she did not attack the social system. She believed in the sentimental "religion of humanity", and cherished the illusion that humanity and love could do away with the evils of capitalism.8)Why is Hamlet a representative of humanism?Hamlet is a humanist, a man who is free from medieval prejudices and superstition. He has an unbounded love for the world instead of the heaven. Such love for nature and man is characteristic of the humanists of the Renaissance. Hamlet is also a man of strong moral standards. He loves good and hates evil. He treats everybody as equal. This democratic tendency is based on his humanist thought. His intellectual genius is outstanding. He is a close observer of men and manners. He easily sees through people, so he is always unmasking the world. His image reflects the versatility of the men of the Renaissance.9) What are the characteristics of the American writings in the Romantic Period?Most of the American writings in the Romantic Period share the following characteristics: 1) there was a new emphasis upon the imaginative and emotional qualities of literature, which include a liking for the picturesque, the exotic, the sensuous, the sensational, and the supernatural. 2) The Americans also placed an increasing emphasis upon the free expression of emotions and displayed an increasing attention to the psychic states of their characters. Heroes and heroines exhibited extremes of sensitivity and excitement. 3) The strong tendency to exalt the individual and the common man was almost a national religion in American. 4) The more colorful aspects of the past are used in the literary works. 5) American Romanticism is derivative and typically American.10) How does “Rip Van Winkle” reveal Washington Irving’s conservative attitude?1) Washington Irving was a conservative and always exalted a disappearing past, which is obvious in “Rip Van Winkle”. Rip went to sleep before the War of Independence and woke up after it. The change that had occurred in the twenty years he slept was to him not always for the better. Instead of feeling happy about the country finally independent from the yoke of British colonial rule, Rip was pleased with his new life chiefly because “he had got his neck out of the yoke of matrimony”.2) The story might be taken as an illustratio n of Irving’s argument that change—and revolution—upset the natural order of things, and of the fact that Irving preferred the past to the present, a dreamlike world to the real one, and never seemed to accept a modern democratic America.11) What is Hawth orne’s writing style?1) As a man of literary craftsmanship, Hawthorne is extraordinary in that the structure and the form of his writing are always carefully worked out to cater of the thematic concern. 2) With his special interest in the psychological aspect of human beings, he is good at exploring the complexity of human psychology. 3) Hawthorne is a great allegorist and almost every story can be read allegorically. 4) Hawthorne is a master of symbolism, which he took from the Puritan tradition and bequeathed to American literature in a revivified form.12) Comment on the language of Whitman’s poems1) Contrary to the rhetoric of traditional poetry, Whitman’s language is relatively simple and even rather crude. 2) An often-used method in Whitman’s poem s if to make colors and images fleet past the mind’s eye of the reader. 3) Another characteristic in Whitman’s language is his strong tendency to use oral English.13) What is Dreiser’s writing style?Dreiser’s contribution to the American literary hist ory is great.1) He broke away from the genteel tradition of literature and dramatized the life in a very realistic way. His style is not polished but very serious and well calculated to achieve the thematic ends he sought. 2) However, his writings appear more inclusive and less selective, and the readers are sometimes burdened with massive detailed descriptions of characters and events. 3) He has been accused of being awkward in sentence structure, inept and occasionally flatly wrong in word selection and meaning, and mixed and disorganized in voice and tone.14) What is the Imagist Movement?1) Flourished from 1909 to 1917 and involved quite a number of British and American writers and poets, Imagist Movement is a movement that advanced modernism in arts which concentrated on reforming the medium of poetry as opposed to Romanticism, especially Tennyson’s worldliness and high-flown language in poetry.2) The Imagist Movement15) What is the basic concern of The Hairy Ape?1)Sister Carrie The play concerns the problem of modern man’s identity. 2) Yank’s sense of belonging nowhere, hence homelessness and rootless, is typical of the mood of isolation and alienation in the early twentieth century in the United States and the whole world as well.16) What is the theme of The Old Man and the Sea?1) A short novel by Hemingway which brought him the Nobel Prize, The Old Man and the Sea is about an old Cuban fisherman Santiago and his losing battle with a giant marlin. 2) In a tragic sense, it is a representation of life and as a struggle against unconquerable natural forces in which only a partial victory is possible. Nevertheless, there is a feeling of great respect for the struggle of mankind.17) Sea adventures are Melville’s favorite subject; "Moby-Dick" is a great novel in the theme, which is also noted for its symbolism, please analyze it in detail.1) About the sea adventure: it symbols the voyage of the mind in quest of the truth and knowledge of the universe; a spirit exploration into man’s deep re ality and psychology;2) About the boat; it symbols the society, and the crew symbol all kinds of peoplewith different social and ethnic ideas;3) About the white whale: To the author, it symbols nature, it is a complex, unfathomable and beautiful; To the captain Ahab, it is evilness, is a wall. So he will lead all his crew to cut through the wall to dig out all the unknown, mysterious things behind it. To the narrator, Ishmael, it is a mystery.18) Why Modernism is different from Realism?In many aspects, Modernism acts against Realism; 1) Modernism rejects rationalism, while Realism stresses it; 2) Modernism includes internal, subjective, psychological world, while Realism stresses external, objective, and material world;3) Modernism advocates new forms and new techniques, and it casts away all the traditional elements such as: story, character, etc. while Realism stresses it. 4) Modernism works are called anti-novel, anti-poetry, anti-drama etc.4. Answer the following questions in detail.1)What are the general features of Shakespeare's plays?1. Realism & Humanism. Shakespeare is regarded as one of the founders of realism in world literature. His theory of drama is "to hold, as it were, the mirror to nature; to show virtue her own feature, scorn her own image, and the very age and body of the time his form and pressure." This is in agreement with Engels' definition of realism: "Realism implies the truthful reproduction of typical characters under typical circumstances."Humanism is also keynote of Shakespeare's drama. Many of his characters are representatives of Shakespeare's humanistic thoughts. The women characters are such examples. Women in Shakespeare's plays are usually braver and more capable than men characters. They are no longer restrained by the feudal fetters. Falstaff, in "Henry IV," also shows Shakespeare's humanistic belief. Falstaff is fat, old, ugly, gross and guilty of many sins. He is boastful and greedy. He takes bribes. These are included in The Seven Deadly Sins. However, Shakespeare didn't create him as a bad example. On the contrary, his characterization of Falstaff is comic, not criticizing. In fact, it is said that this character was so amusing that Queen Elizabeth asked Shakespeare to write another play imply devoting to Falstaff. From the creation of Falstaff, we can see that Shakespeare is free from the religious constraints. This is an important feature of humanism.Shakespeare's histories also demonstrate hi belief in unity of the country and an ideal king, for example, "Henry IV" and "Henry V." This is also what the English people was expecting after many years' war in the Middle Ages.2. Shakespeare used a lot of adoptions. He borrowed his source materials from a variety of sources: Greek legends, Roman history, Italian stories and English historical records. However, he was always able to put a new meaning on the old stories, thus reflecting the reality of England of his time.3. Shakespeare is a master of drama. He broke the classical rules of three unities, thus caused English drama to flourish.4. Shakespeare is skillful in many poetic forms. He is especially good at sonnets and blank verse.5. Shakespeare is a master of the English language. He used about 16,000 words.Many of his coined words have remained in the English language. Shakespeare and the King James Bible are the two great treasuries of the English language.2)Summarize Byron's chief contribution and significance in the Englishliterature.As a leading Romanticist, Byron's chief contribution is his creation of the "Byronic hero," a proud, mysterious rebel figure of noble origin. With immense superiority in his passions and powers, this Byronic hero would carry on his shoulders the burden of righting all the wrongs in a corrupt society, and would rise single-handedly against any kind of tyrannical rules either in government, in religion, or in moral principles with unconquerable wills and inexhaustible energies. The conflict is usually one of rebellious individuals against outworn social systems and conventions. The image of this hero is to some extent modeled on the life and personality of Byron himself, and makes Byron famous both at home and abroad. Byron's poetry was immensely popular at home and also abroad, where it exerted great influence on the Romantic movement. This popularity owes to the author's persistent attacks on "cant political, religious, and moral," to the novelty of his oriental scenery, to the romantic character of the Byronic hero, and to the easy, fluent and natural beauty of his verse. Byron's diction on the whole has a freedom, copiousness and vigor. His descriptions are simple and fresh, and often bring vivid objects before the reader. The glowing imagination also adds to the charm of his poetry.Byron uses Ottva Rima (Octave Stanza) as the form of his poetry.Byron's poetry has great influence on the literature of the whole world. Across Europe, patriots and painters and musicians are all inspired by him. Poets and novelists are profoundly influenced by his work.3) What are the three periods of Yeats’s literary career? Enumerate some representative works at each period.Yeats' literary career can be divided into three periods. During the early years of his literary career, he wrote romantic poetry under the influence of Spenser, Shelley and the Pre-Raphaelites. He also made an intensive study of William Blake whose symbolism and mysticism attracted him very much. His early poems were full of dreams and fairies. The major themes are usually Celtic legends, local folktales, or stories of the heroic age in Irish history. Many of these poems have a dreamy quality with melancholy, passive and self-indulgent feelings. Famous poems composed in this period include "The Lake Isle of Innisfree." Collections of his early poems are: "Crossways" (1899), "The Rose" (1893), and "The Wind Among the Reeds" (1899). The first two decades of the 20th century were Yeats' period of transition, during which he departed from the romanticism of his early period and developed into modernism, influenced by the poetry and criticism of T. S. Eliot and Ezra Pound. He also studied the works of John Donne, the 17th century metaphysical poet. By finding a new force, a new dimension, and a new reality to his verse, Yeats began to write with realistic and concrete themes on a variety of subjects, exploring the profound and complicated human problems, such as life, love, politics and religion. With the combination of his appreciation of beauty and a sense of tragedy in life, Yeats gave asignificance to the ordinary events of life in his poetry. The new vigor of his verse is reflected in the precise and concrete imagery, the strong passion and the active verb forms. Through vivid images, rich symbols and controlled rhythms, the meaning of his poems was pressed disturbing home. His style is both simple and rich, colloquial and formal, with a quality of metaphysical wit and symbolic vision, which indicates that Yeats has already been on his way to modernist poetry. His famous poems composed in this period include: "No Second Troy," "September 1913," "Easter 1916" and "The Second Coming."The years 1919-1939 were Yeats' final period of maturity, in which he published many volumes of his representative poems, which include "The Wild Swans at Coole" (1919), "The Tower" (1828), "Sailing to Byzantium." In his late works he deals with the rise and fall of civilization, with eternal beauty in the world of art, with contrast between youth and old age, and with love. He created an elaborate system of symbols of his own in his poems.4) What are the characteristics of Romanticism in English literature? Give examples to illustrate them.English Romantic literature has the following characteristics: 1) sensibility; 2) primitivism; 3) love of nature; 4) mysticism; 5) individualism; 6) sympathetic interest in the past, especially the medieval; 7) against whatever characterized classicism.We can easily find examples of romantic writers whose works have the above features. Generally speaking, all romantic writers focus on the sensibility, especially the natural flow of feelings, rather than the outside world. Many romantic writers sing high praises of nature. Wordsworth is a good example. It’s said that his poetry about nature is his best poetry. A strong interest in nature naturally causes some poets to take a liking to primitive life, to idealize rural life and even to show sympathy for animal life. Goldsmith and Cowper are two examples. Mysticism, and even Gothicism, is another feature. Poets like Keats include mysterious stories in their poems. Some other poets like Percy have a strong interest in the medieval literature, while others like Burns find sources from folk songs or ballads. Individualism is an important feature of romantic literature. Lord Byron’s Don Juan is a remarkable poem in high praise of individualism. On the whole, romanticists are against whatever classicists support. They abandon the heroic couplet in favor of blank verse, the sonnet, the Spenserian stanza and many experimental verse forms. They drop the conventional poetic fiction in favor of fresher language and bolder figures. Typical literary forms of the romantic writers include the lyric, especially the love lyric, the reflective lyric, the nature lyric and the lyric of morbid melancholy and sentimental novel.5) Comment on the similarities and differences of the three dominant figures—William Dean Howells, Henry James and Mark Twain of the Realistic period.The three dominant figures of the Realistic period are William Dean Howells, Henry James and Mark Twain.a. Their similarities:Together they brought to fulfillment native trends in the realistic portrayal of the landscape and social surfaces,brought to perfection the vernacular style, and explored and exploited the literary possibilities of the interior life. They recorded and made permanent the essential life of the eastern third of the continent as it was lived in the last half of the nineteenth century on the vanishing frontier, in the village, the small town, or the turbulent metropolis. They established the literary identity of distinctively American protagonists, specially the vernacular hero and the “American Girl”, the baffled and strained middle-class family, the businessman, and the psychologically complicated citizens of a new international culture. Together, in short, they set the example and charted the future of course for the subjects, themes, techniques and styles of fiction we still call modern.b. Their differencesThough the three prominent writers wrote more or less at the same time, they differed in their understanding of “truth”. While Mark Twain and Howells seemed to have paid more attention to the “life” of the Americans, Henry James had apparently laid a greater emphasis on the “inner world” of man. He came to believe that the literary artist should not simply hold a mirror to the surface of social life in particular times and spaces. In addition, the writers should use language to probe the deepest reaches of the psychological and moral nature of human beings. He is a realist of the inner life. Though Mark Twain and Howells both shared the same concern in presenting the truth of the American society, they had each of them different emphasis. Howells focused his discussion on the rising middle class and the way they lived, while Mark Twain preferred to have his own region and people at the forefront of his stories. This particular concern about the local character of a region came about as “local colorism”, a unique variation of American literary realism.6) The background of American Modernism1)Social backgroundThe 20th century began with a strong sense of social breakdown. A series of wars fought on the international scene during the first part of the century were to affect the life of Americans and their literary writings. With all these wars the world had undergone a dramatic social change, a transformation from order to disorder. So had the United States. Despite its booming industry and material prosperity, there was a sense of unease and restlessness and underneath.2) Along with the changes in the material landscape came the changes in the non- material system of belief and behavior. The First World War had made a big impact on the life of Americans. In a word, there was a decline in moral standard and the first few decades of the twentieth century was best described as a spiritual wasteland. The First World War brought feelings of fear, loss, disorientation and disillusionment to the Americans.3) Between the mid-19th century and the first decade of the 20th century, there had been a big flush of new theories and new ideas in both social and natural sciences, as well as in the field of are in Europe, which played an indispensable role in bringing about modernism and the modernistic writings in the United States. The implicationsof modern European arts to modern American writings can also be strongly felt in the American literature between the wars, even thereafter.7) What is Hawthorne’s “black” vision of life and human beings?1) Hawthorne’s liter ary world is very disturbed, tormented and problematical because of his “black” vision of life and human beings. He rejected what he saw as the Transcendentalists’ transparent optimism about the potentialities of human nature. Instead he looked more deeply and perhaps more honestly into life, finding it much suffering and conflict but also finding the redeeming power of love. 2) According to him, “There is evil in every human heart”, and a piece of literary work should “show how we are all wronged and wrong ers, and avenge one another”. So in almost every book he wrote, Hawthorne discusses sin and evil. One source of evil Hawthorne is concerned most is over-reaching intellect, which usually refers to someone who is too proud, too sure of himself. The tension between the head and the heart constitutes one of the dramatic moments when the evil of over-reaching intellect would be fully revealed. 3) Hawthorne’s intellectuals are usually villains, dreadful because they are devoid of warmth and feeling. What’s more, they tend to go beyond and violate the natural order by doing something impossible and reaching the ultimate truth, without a sober mind about their own limitations as human beings. Chillingworth, Dr. Rappaccini in “Rappaccini’s daughter” are but a few specimens of Hawthorne’s chilling, cold-blooded human animals.8) Analyze the theory of Theodore Dreiser’naturalism with example.1) His naturalism emphasized heredity and environment as important deterministic forces shaping individualized characters that were presented in special and detailed circumstances. At bottom, life was shown to be ironic, even tragic.2) The characters in his books are often subject to the control of the natural forces, especially those of environment and heredity. For example, th e hero Hurstwood’s tragic death showed the theory.3) The effect of Darwinist idea of "survival of the fittest" was shattering. It is not surprising to find in Dreiser’s fiction a world of jungle, where "kill or to be killed" was the law.4) He criticizes materialistic to the core, living in such a society with such a value system, the human individual is obsessed with a never-ending, yet meaningless search for satisfaction of his/her desires. One of the desires is for money which was a motivating purpose of life in the United States in the late 19th century. For example in his masterpiece "Sister Carrie" he traces the material rise of Carrie Meeber, which indicates the critical attitude of the author.5) Sexual beauty symbolizes the acquisition of some social status of great magnitude.9) Take examples to analyze the style and theme of Mark Twain.Mark Twain is a great literary of America, H. L. Mencken considered him "the true father of our national literature".1) Twain’s works like "Adventure of Huckleberry Finn" and "Life on the Mississippi" shaped the views of America and combined American folk humor and serious literature together;。