华中科技大学硕士学位论文三种激光冷却机制的理论分析姓名：***申请学位级别：硕士专业：理论物理指导教师：***20070202摘 要激光冷却广泛运用于科学技术中，比如波色-爱因斯坦凝聚的研究、广义相对论的验证、原子频标和原子干涉仪的研制等。
在光学粘胶中冷却原子，可达到多普勒冷却极限温度。
这时，再通过减弱激光强度和增大失谐量来继续冷却原子，能使其温度低于多普勒冷却极限。
要对原子进行深度冷却，即要突破反冲极限温度，可利用选择速度的方法，挑选出窄速度分布的原子。
虽然牺牲掉一部分原子，却得到单一速度的原子，故原子的温度就比较低。
本文主要讨论了三种冷却机制：多普勒冷却机制、亚多普勒冷却机制和亚反冲冷却机制。
多普勒冷却是基于光子的辐射压力来使原子减速；亚多普勒冷却是基于运动诱导造成的偏振梯度力使原子减速；亚反冲冷却是基于对原子的速度选择来获得单一速度分布原子，其可分为相干布陷冷却和拉曼激光冷却。
本文计算了速度选择的受激拉曼跃迁的三能级方程运动解析解。
得到了利用拉曼激光可以选择出特定速度分布的原子的结论。
首先利用半经典理论，作偶极近似，讨论了三能级原子系统和双光子的拉曼激光相互作用过程，在波函数中加入了速度参量，得到了三能级系统的演化方程。
然后，在弱场和大失谐条件下，把三能级方程退化为二能级方程。
最后用代换法把二能级方程化为常系数方程，得到了方程的解，理论结果和实验基本吻合。
本文还系统总结了一些其它文献中比较模糊的概念，比如相互作用哈氏量中磁场分量的忽略、激光选可见光、旋波近似等。
关键词：多普勒冷却，亚多普勒冷却，亚反冲冷却，相干布陷，拉曼激光，偏振梯度AbstractLaser cooling is widely applied in science and technique, such as Bose-Einstein condensation, verification for general relativity theory, atomic frequency scale and atomic interferometer etc. The temperature of atoms in the optical molasses could be cooled to the Doppler limit, and through weakening the laser intensity and increasing the detuning of the laser from the resonant frequency, the atoms could be further cooled below the Doppler limit. By velocity selection, one could get an atomic source with a narrow distribution in velocity and challenge the recoil limit temperature. Although some parts of the atoms are lost, the temperature of the remaining atoms, which have a uniform velocity, is quite low compared to the former.It discusses three mechanisms of laser cooling in this paper: the Doppler cooling mechanism, the Sub-Doppler cooling mechanism and the Sub-recoil cooling mechanism. The Doppler cooling which makes atoms slowdown is based on the radiation pressure of the laser; The Sub-Doppler cooling slows atoms down on the basis of polarization gradient forces caused by motive inductions; The Sub-recoil cooling including the coherent population trapping cooling and the Raman laser cooling, gets atoms with a slice velocity distribution depended on the velocity selection.It presents the analytical solutions of the three-level equations on the velocity-selective stimulated Raman transitions in this paper, and concludes the principle of selecting atoms with a uniform velocity out of an initial distribution. In the semi-classical theory and dipole approximation, we gets the evolution equations of the interaction of the three-level atoms with the two-photon Raman laser system, and the velocity parameter are also taken into account in the wave function. For weak lasers and large detunings, the three-level equations degenerate into two-level equations. Through transforming two-level equations into constant coefficient equations by substitution it gives the solutions of them. The theoretical analysis corresponds with the experimental results generally. It also generalizes a few concepts obscure in some papers systematically, such as ignoring the magnetic field component in theinteraction Hamiltonian, the choice of visible light for laser and rotating wave approximation etc.Key Words：Doppler Cooling, Sub-Doppler Cooling, Sub-Recoil Cooling，Coherent Population Trapping, Raman Laser, Polarization Gradient.独创性声明本人声明所呈交的学位论文是我个人在导师指导下进行的研究工作及取得的研究成果。
