美学视角下公示语的英译

汉语公示语论文：从美学的角度透视汉语公示语的英译【中文摘要】汉语公示语是一个向世界展示中国文化和素质的窗口,其翻译质量的好坏直接影响着国家的形象,也体现着我们的学术水平。

而在各个城市的公共场合里我们可以看到很多质量不高的此类公示语标牌,有些甚至会让国外友人产生误解,从而造成很多不便。

国内研究公示语翻译的文章不少,但鲜有从翻译美学的角度来进行分析和论述的,这与传统的美学观念不无关系。

传统的翻译美学观所关注的是文学作品,特别是诗歌,认为文学作品因内容,意境上的美及对遣词造句上的要求使得它极具美感,因此把其列为翻译美学关注的对象,而对于应用文体的翻译却少有从翻译美学角度去论述的,认为应用文体由于内容和语言上均缺乏艺术性,而不能给人以美感上的愉悦,故只具备功能价值——提供信息。

一般认为公示语属于应用文体,因此,公示语的翻译似乎只需要忠实通顺就可以,不需要去考虑美感的问题。

事实上,公示语除了传达信息的功能价值之外,还具有自身的美学特征,公示语同样讲究形美,音美和人文之美。

令人遗憾的是许多公示语译成英文后却丧失了汉语的语言之美,大多数译文只是‘达意’却无法‘传情’。

翻译上的失误往往无法有效地展现中国文化和语言的独特魅力。

尤其在今天随着我国参与国际文化交流的日渐深入,该翻译问题理应值得关注。

本文从美学角度入手,用审美理论来探讨公示语的翻译。

作者通过采集到的大量例证首先说明目前公示语翻译实践中存在普遍的美学缺陷,其次,根据翻译美学原理提出了汉语公示语翻译应遵守的三个原则：忠实美原则、等效美原则、创造美原则。

该翻译原则完全符合本文作者所认为的公示语的三个美学特征,即形式美、音韵美和内容美。

该研究成果将为汉语公示语的翻译研究提供一个新的视角,因此具有一定的现实意义。

【英文摘要】Chinese-English bilingual public signs serve as a window for the exhibition of Chinese unique culture and the beauty of the Chinese language as well. The quality of their English translation not only reflects our academic standards but even affects the image of our country to some degree. However, quite a lot of poor English versions of Chinese public signs are found in public places of many cities. They either confuse or mislead foreign visitors, causing unnecessary troubles and inconveniences. Although there have appeared some research articles about the translation of public signs in domestic publications, few of them have looked into this language phenomenon from the perspective of translation aesthetics due to the limitation of the traditional aesthetic values.Traditional aesthetic theories only center on literary works, especially poetry, holding that literary works possess ultimate beauty due to its beautiful content, wonderful artistic conception as well as its high requirements on wording and phrasing. On the contrary, practical writings areconsidered to possess no beauty due to the lack of artistic values in content and language, so they only have functional value---providing information but can not bring people any beautiful sentiments. It is for this reason that the translation of practical writings is rarely discussed from the angle of translation aesthetics.As public signs belong to practical writing, when it is translated, the simple requirements of being readable and faithful to the original seem to be enough, and the aesthetic problems should not be taken into account. In fact, the author of the thesis believes that besides the function of providing information, public signs also possess their unique aesthetic characteristics as they stress beautiful form and beautiful sound while encourage humanistic beauty.Regretfully, many of the English translations of Chinese public signs lose the beauty of language. They only convey the basic meaning of Chinese words but fail to deliver the aesthetic feeling, thus the Chinese culture and the unique beauty of Chinese language embodied in public signs can not be effectively delivered. Today, with China’s further opening up and increasing international cultural exchanges, the aesthetic problem of public signs should be highly concerned in the process of translation.Thisthesis takes an aesthetic approach to discuss the English translation of Chinese public signs. The author of the thesis first points out the aesthetic absence in the translation of public signs by giving vivid examples, then proposes three principles for the translation of pubic signs based on translation aesthetic theory, namely, the principle of faithfulness with an aesthetic approach, the principle of functional equivalence with an aesthetic approach and the principle of creativeness with an aesthetic approach. These principles are in accordance with the three aesthetic features of public signs, i.e., the beauty in form, the beauty in sound and the beauty in sense.The research result will provide the study of public signs translation with a new angle, thus it is of practical value to some extent.【关键词】汉语公示语美学英文翻译【英文关键词】Chinese public signs aesthetic perspective English translation【目录】从美学的角度透视汉语公示语的英译摘要4-5Abstract5-6Introduction9-131 Significance of the Research9-102 Motivation and Objective of the Research10-113 Originality of the Research114 Layout of theThesis11-13Chapter One Overview of the Studies in the RelatedFields13-201.1 Translation Aesthetics Research at Home and Abroad13-181.1.1 Aesthetic Source of TranslationTheories13-161.1.2 Establishment of TranslationAesthetics16-181.2 Previous Research on Translation of Public Signs in China18-20Chapter Two A Brief Introduction to Public Signs and Their Aesthetic Features20-352.1 Definition of Pubic Signs20-222.1.1 Definition of Public Signs inChinese20-212.1.2 Definition of Public Signs inEnglish21-222.2 Classifications of Public Signs and Their Pragmatic Functions22-272.2.1 Public Signs with Directing Function22-232.2.2 Public Signs with PromptingFunction23-242.2.3 Public Signs with RestrictingFunction24-252.2.4 Public Signs with CompellingFunction25-262.2.5 Public Signs with AdvocatingFunction26-272.3 Aesthetic Features of Public Signs27-322.3.1 The Beauty in Form28-292.3.2 The Beauty in Sound29-312.3.3 The Beauty in Sense31-322.4 The Problem Existing in the English Translation of Chinese Public Signs32-35Chapter Three Translation Aesthetics as Theoretical Basis for Translation of Public Signs35-433.1 Core of Translation Aesthetics35-363.2 Object of Translation Aesthetics36-373.2.1 Definition of Translation Aesthetics Object363.2.2 AestheticConstituents36-373.3 Subject of TranslationAesthetics37-393.3.1 Definition of Translation Aesthetics Subject37-383.3.2 Requirements for Translators38-393.4 Translation Aesthetics Representation39-423.4.1 The Process of Translation Aesthetics Representation393.4.2 Principles and Methods of Aesthetics Representation39-423.5 Possibility of Translation Aesthetics for Translation of PublicSigns42-43Chapter Four Research Design43-564.1 Research Question434.2 Data Collection43-454.3 Research Method---Case Study45-484.3.1 Sample One46-474.3.2 Sample Two474.3.3 Sample Three47-484.4 Results Analysis48-494.5 Application of Translation Aesthetics to Public Signs Translation49-564.5.1 Principle of Faithfulness with an Aesthetic Approach50-514.5.2 Principle of Functional Equivalence with an Aesthetic Approach51-534.5.3 Principle of Creativeness with an Aesthetic Approach53-56Conclusion56-581 Summary of the Present Study562 Major Findings of the Research56-573 Limitations and Suggestions for FutureResearch57-58References58-61Acknowledgements61。

摘要：文章首先给出公示语的定义，指出公示语翻译的现状以及现存问题的根源，接着说明公示语翻译理论基础的研究现状并阐述翻译的美学理论，探讨公示语翻译的美学特征，提出美学视角下公示语的翻译对译者的要求。

关键词：公示语；美学角度；内容美；形式美；意蕴美1. 引言公示语是指在公共场所展示的文字，它属于施为性的行为，通过话语来实现以言行事的意图或目的。

公示语的范围很广，包括公共场所的宣传标语、指示牌、告示语和旅游景点的介绍等，在对外宣传中发挥着不容忽视的作用。

随着国际接轨的日益深入，公示语也与时俱进，其“双语化”的趋势，势不可挡，成为大城市对外的又一“窗口”。

好的公示语译文可以为城市增光添彩，反之，则有损城市形象。

对公示语翻译现状的调查表明“公示语翻译良莠不齐，问题颇多”，归纳起来主要是“中式英语、用词不当、语言累赘、毫无美感”等不足其根源在于译者忽略了英汉两种语言的差异，忽略了译文读者的文化心理和审美习惯。

2. 公示语翻译理论基础的研究现状国内关于公示语翻译的文章大都是从功能目的论的角度去阐释的，强调译者必须以源语的交际功能或目的为中心进行功能转换，重在追求功能的一致。

德国功能学派翻译理论奠基人弗密尔（Hans J. Vermeer）将译文在译语文化环境中预期功能的实现程度作为检验译文优劣的重要标准，阐述了翻译“目的论（Skopos Theory）”的构想；诺德（Christiane Nord，2001）则在此基础上提出“功能+忠实（functionality + loyalty）”的检验标准，进一步拓展了目的论思想。

然而，在公示语翻译的过程中，如果译者仅靠忠实达到其交际功能的目的，则是远远不够的。

因为忠实主要构成语言及表层内容方面的翻译标准，是翻译的低标准；而传神，即入化境界，主要构成修辞、风格、美学方面的翻译标准，是偏重美学性的高标准。

针对这一情况，本文拟从美学的角度论述公示语翻译的理论基础。

3. 翻译的美学理论中外翻译家都曾论述过翻译与美学的关系。

经 验 交 流都市家教　272浅谈公示语的汉英翻译350007　福建师范大学外国语学院　福建　福州　郑丽芳On Translation of Public Signs from Chinese to English Foreign Languages Institute， Fujian Normal University， Fuzhou，Fujian， 350007　Zheng Lifang【摘　要】随着中国国际化进程的加快，公示语翻译在我们改革开放和对外交往中显得尤其必要。

但由于种种原因，公示语的翻译存在诸多问题，这极大地影响了我们对外交流的国际形象。

本文对公示语的语言风格及其功能，以及翻译中存在的错误进行了简要介绍，并从翻译美学角度讨论公示语翻译的美学再现。

【关键词】公示语；翻译；美学A b s t r a c t：W i t h t h e i n c r e a s i n g internationalization process of China， the translation of public signs play a significant role in the process of China’s opening up and international exchanges， but for various reasons， there are many problems in the translation of public signs， which have greatly affected the international exchanges and damaged China’s image.The paper introduces the language styles and the function of public signs， and some problems existing in translation and also discusses how to integrate aesthetics into the translation.Key Words: Public signs， Translation， Aesthetics一、引言在全球化的今天，中国经济的腾飞，对外开放力度的增加，使得中国与世界间的交流常态化。

一切事物都是在无时无刻地变化着的，公示语也是这样。

随着中国国际步伐的不断加快,公示语的英文翻译也已走进了社会的各个角落。

现在的公示语在语气上比较温和，已不像过去那样直白；内容上也逐渐显示出人性的一面；语言表现形式也呈现多样化、功能化和修辞化的特点；其宣传功能也随着城市文明的发展越来越突出，能从多方面考虑，通过有效的言语手段，来达到说服他人的目的，以号召公众不断增强公民自身的责任意识感，从而提高全民的精神文明素质。

当然，要想消除翻译中存在的诸多问题还需一段时间。

但为了从根源上杜绝英文上的翻译错误，翻译出正确而独具魅力的公示语,我们除了从语用学、语法功能及翻译方法的选择等方面进行考虑外，翻译时也应从美学角度进行研究，毕竟审美的性质决定了艺术创新。

和谐的、正确的、具有感染性的翻译，会使公示语的作用得到完美地发挥。

一、审美感染性可以说公示语是社会美的一种内容体现，因此我们更应规范地翻译出符合各地人文形象、文化素质、文明程度、人格品味的公示语。

从某种意义上说，公示语通过作用于受众的感觉器官，而在受众的脑际形成感性的形象。

比如公示语有极强的文字造型美感、图案丰富、色彩对比鲜明、内容准确无误，这就使得公示语能够首先在感性上激发人的审美欲望，进而通过内容上的人文召唤、道德感召、情感激发等深入到受众的心理。

因此公示语不论从形式上还是内容上都具有非常强的审美感染力。

首先，从形式上来看，公示语的翻译也应注重对称美，这是形成感染力的第一个层面。

我曾经见到过两个并排的垃圾箱上印着“保护环境”和“爱我家园”的公示语，其对应的英语翻译分别是：“Envi-ronm ental protection ”和“Love our hom eland ”。

这种英语翻译从语法及语用功能上来看都是正确的，但如果从美学角度来看，是不符合对称美的，脱离了美学的形象性这一特性。

如果翻译为“Protectthe environm ent ”和“Love ourhom eland ”就具有很强的感染力。