法律英语实务词汇讲解
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1.Arraignment英美刑事诉讼中的一项正式程序。
In the district of Arizona, a defendant must agree to plead guilty within fifteen days of arraignment in order to receive a reduction in sentence.2.By laws 公司内部细则/articles of incorporation 公司成立章程Articles of associationIdaho law provides that unless the articles of incorporation or bylaws provided otherwise, regular meetings of the board of directions may be held without of the date, time and place.3.CabinetThe federal cabinet minister is also wary of the Americans’ willingness to trade away basic values in the name of the national security.4.ChattelThe opposite of chattel is real property which includes lands or buildings.5.Class action 集团诉讼/Group litigationThe class action rule is intended to improve court efficiency by allowing a large group of people with similar claims to join together in one lawsuit.6.Concurrent estates 共有财产Concurrent estates are those that are either owned or possessed by two or more individuals simultaneously. The three most common types of concurrent estates are joint tenancy, tenancy by the entirety, and tenancy in common.7.Corporal punishmentIn the twentieth century, corporal punishment was either eliminated as a legal penalty or restricted to beating with a birch rod, cane or whip.8.DiscretionAct at one’s discretion 某人酌情处理Age of discretion 责任年龄We need responsible administers who exercise discretion by assessing the context of every situation.9.CounterofferPlease note that we have quoted our most favorable price and are unable to entertain any counteroffer.mission 委员会、授权委托、佣金、手续费、委任状The client gave her attorney express commission to sign the contract.Drawee Bank’s charges and acceptance commission are for buy er’s account.11.ConfinementConfinement facilityWe cannot tell that spending time in confinement will make offenders less likely to commit crimes upon release.12.Court of Chancery 大法官法院、衡平法院Common law courtThe defendants invoke the equitable jurisdiction of the Court of Chancery in an attempt to e released from their obligations.Chancery最早是文秘署,皇家文秘书记官,签发和保存各种令状,在文件上加盖国玺。
法律英语专业词汇汇总一、律师部分案件受理费 court acceptance fee案情重大、复杂 important and complicated case案由 cause of action案子 case包揽诉讼 monopolize lawsuits被告 defendant(用于民事、行政案件); the accused (用于刑事案件) 被上诉人 appellee被诉人 respondent; defendant本案律师 councel pro hac vice本地律师 local counsel毕业证 diploma; graduation certificate辩护词 defense; pleadings辩护律师 defense lawyer辩护要点 point of defense辩护意见 submission财产租赁 property tenancy裁定书 order; ruling; determination(指终审裁定)裁决书 award(用于仲裁)裁决书 verdict(用于陪审团)采信的证据 admitted evidence; established evidence草拟股权转让协议 drafting agreement of assignment of equity interests查阅法条 source legal provisions产权转让 conveyancing出差 go on errand; go on a business trip出国深造 further study abroad出具律师意见书 providing legal opinion出示的证据 exhibit出庭 appear in court传票 summons; subpoena答辩状 answer; reply代理词 representation代理房地产买卖与转让 agency for sale and transfer of real estate 代理公证、商标、专利、版权、房地产、工商登记 agency for notarization, trademark, patent, copyright, and registration of real estate and incorporations代理仲裁 agency for arbitration代写文书 drafting of legal instruments待决案件 pending case当事人陈述 statement of the parties第三人 third party吊销执业证 revocation of lawyer license调查笔录 investigative record调查取证 investigation and gathering for evidence调解 mediation调解书 mediation二审案件 case of trial of second instance 发送电子邮件 send e-mail法律顾问 legal consultants法律意见书 legal opinions法律援助 legal aid法律咨询 legal counseling法庭 division; tribunal法学博士学位 LL.D (Doctor of Laws)法学会 law society法学课程 legal courses法学硕士学位 LL.M (Master of Laws)法学系 faculty of law; department of law 法学学士学位 LL.B (Bachelor of Laws)J.D ( juris doctor缩写,美国法学学士)法学院 law school法院公告 court announcement反诉状 counterclaim房地产律师 real estate lawyer; real property lawyer 非合伙律师 associate lawyer非诉讼业务 non-litigation practice高级合伙人 senior partner高级律师 senior lawyer各类协议和合同 agreements and contracts公安局 Public Security Bureau公司上市 company listing公诉案件 public-prosecuting case公证书 notarial certificate国办律师事务所 state-run law office国际贸易 international trade国际诉讼 international litigation国内诉讼 domestic litigation合伙律师 partner lawyer合伙制律师事务所 law office in partner-ship; cooperating law ofice合同审查、草拟、修改 contract review, drafting and revision 会见当事人 interview a client会见犯罪嫌疑人 interview a criminal suspect兼职律师 part-time lawyer监狱 prison; jail鉴定结论 expert conclusion缴纳会费 membership dues举证责任 burden of proof; onus probandi决定书 decision勘验笔录 record of request看守所 detention house抗诉书 protest控告人 accuser; complainant跨国诉讼 transnational litigation劳动争议 labor disputes劳动争议仲裁委员会 arbitration committee for labor disputes 劳改场 reform-through-labor farm; prison farm利害关系人 interested party; party in interest律管处处长 director of lawyer control department律师 lawyer attorney; attorney at law律师惩戒 lawyer discipline律师法 Lawyer Law律师费 lawyer fee律师函 lawyer's letter律师见证 lawyer attestation/authentication律师见证书 lawyer certification/authentication/witness律师卷宗 lawyer's docile; file律师刊物 lawyer's journal律师联系电话 contact phone number of a lawyer律师事务所 law office; law firm律师收费 billing by lawyer律师网站 lawyer website律师协会 National Bar (Lawyer) Association律师协会会员 member of Lawyer Association律师协会秘书长 secretary general of Bar (Lawyer) Association 律师协会章程 Articles of Lawyer Assocition律师业务室 lawyer's office律师执业证 lawyer license律师助理 assistant lawyer律师资格考试 bar exam; lawyer qualification exam律师资格证 lawyer qualification certificate民事案件 civil case民事调解 civil mediation民事诉讼 civil litigation派出所 local police station; police substation判决 judgement(用于民事、行政案件);determination(用于终审);sentence(用于刑事案);verdict(由陪审团作出)旁证 circumstantial evidence企业章程 articles of association; articles of incorporation; bylaw企业重组 corporate restructure起诉状 information; indictment取消律师资格 disbar全国律师代表大会 National Lawyer Congress缺席宣判 pronounce judgement or determination by default人民法院 People's Court人民检察院 People's Procuratorate认定事实 determine facts上诉案件 case of trial of second instance; appellate case上诉人 appellant上诉状 petition for appeal涉外律师 lawyers specially handling foreign-related matters 申请复议 administrative reconsideration petition申请加入律师协会 application for admission to Law Association 申请人 petitioner; claimant申诉案件 appeal case申诉人(仲裁) claimant; plaintiff申诉书 appeal for revision, petition for revision实习律师 apprentice lawyer; lawyer in probation period实习律师证 certificate of apprentice lawyer视听证据 audio-visual reference material适用法律 apply law to facts受害人 victim书证 documentary evidence司法部 Ministry of Justice司法建议书 judicial advise司法局 Judicial Bureau司法局副局长 deputy director of Judicial Bureau司法局局长 director of Judicial Bureau司法统一考试 uniform judicial exam送达 service of process诉讼 litigation; action; lawsuit诉讼当事人 litigation party; litigious party诉讼业务 litigation practice诉状 complaint; bill of complaint; statement of claim推销法律服务 promote/market legal service外国律师事务所 foreign law office委托代理合同 authorized representation contract 委托代理人 agent ad litem; entrusted agent委托授权书 power of attorney物证 material evidence嫌疑人 criminal suspect项目融资 project financing项目谈判 project negotiating刑事案件 criminal case刑事诉讼 criminal litigation行政诉讼 administrative litigation休庭 adjourn the court; recess宣判 pronounce judgement; determination宣誓书 affidavit业务进修 attendance in advanced studies一审案件 case of trial of first instance与国外律师事务所交流 communicate with foreign law firms原告 plaintiff证券律师 securities lawyer证人证言 testimony of witness; affidavit执行笔录 execution record执业登记 registration for practice执业范围 scope of practice; sphere of practice; practice area 执业申请 practice application执业证年检 annual inspection of lawyer license仲裁 arbitration仲裁案件 arbitration case仲裁机构 arbitration agency专门律师 specialized lawyer专职律师 professional lawyer; full-time lawyer撰写法律文章 write legal thesis资信调查 credit standing investigation自诉案件 private prosecuting case二、诉讼法律案件 case案件发回 remand/rimit a case (to a low court)案件名称 title of a case案卷材料 materials in the case案情陈述书 statement of case案外人 person other than involved in the case案值 total value involved in the case败诉方 losing party办案人员 personnel handling a case保全措施申请书 application for protective measures报案 report a case (to security authorities)被告 defendant; the accused被告人最后陈述 final statement of the accused被告向原告第二次答辩 rejoinder被害人 victim被害人的诉讼代理人 victim's agent ad litem被上诉人 respondent; the appellee被申请人 respondent被申请执行人 party against whom execution is filed 被执行人 person subject to enforcement本诉 principal action必要共同诉讼人 party in necessary co-litigation变通管辖 jurisdiction by accord辩护 defense辩护律师 defense attorney/lawyer辩护人 defender辩护证据 exculpatory evidence; defense evidence辩论阶段 stage of court debate驳回反诉 dismiss a counterclaim; reject a counterclaim驳回请求 deny/dismiss a motion驳回上诉、维持原判 reject/dismiss the appeal and sustain the original judgement/ruling驳回诉讼 dismiss an action/suit驳回通知书 notice of dismissal驳回自诉 dismiss/reject a private prosecution驳回自诉裁定书 ruling of dismissing private-prosecuting case 补充答辩 supplementary answer补充判决 supplementary judgement补充侦查 supplementary investigation不公开审理 trial in camera不立案决定书 written decision of no case-filing不批准逮捕决定书 written decision of disapproving an arrest不起诉 nol pros不予受理起诉通知书 notice of dismissal of accusation by the court 财产保全申请书 application for attachment; application for property preservation裁定 order; determination (指最终裁定)裁定管辖 jurisdiction by order裁定书 order; ruling裁决书 award采信的证据 admitted evidence查封 seal up撤回上诉 withdraw appeal撤诉 withdraw a lawsuit撤销立案 revoke a case placed on file撤销原判,发回重审 rescind the original judgement and remand the case ro the original court for retrial出示的证据 exhibit除权判决 invalidating judgement (for negotiable instruments) 传唤 summon; call传闻证据 hearsay答辩 answer; reply答辩陈述书 statement of defence答辩状 answer; reply大法官 associate justices; justice大检察官 deputy chief procurator代理控告 agency for accusation代理申诉 agency for appeal代理审判员 acting judge代为申请取保候审 agency for application of the bail pending trial with restricted liberty of moving弹劾式诉讼 accusatory procedure当事人陈述 statement of the parties当庭宣判 pronouncement of judgement or sentence in court地区管辖 territorial jurisdiction地区检察分院 inter-mediate People's Procuratorate第三人 third party调查笔录 record of investigation定期宣判 pronouncement of judgement or sentence later on a fixed date定罪证据 incriminating evidence; inculpatory evidence冻结 freeze督促程序 procedure of supervision and urge独任庭 sole-judge bench独任仲裁员 sole arbitrator对妨碍民事诉讼的强制措施 compulsory measures against impairment of civil action对席判决 judgement inter parties二审 trial of second instance二审案件 case of trial of second insurance 罚款 impose a fine法定证据 statutory legal evidence法定证据制度 system of legal evidence法官 judges法警 bailiff; court police法律文书 legal instruments/papers法律援助 legal aid法律咨询 legal consulting法庭辩论 court debate法庭调查 court investigation法庭审理笔录 court record法庭审理方式 mode of court trial法庭庭长 chief judge of a tribunal法院 court法院公告 court announcement反诉 counterclaim反诉答辩状 answer with counterclaim反诉状 counterclaim犯罪嫌疑人 criminal suspect附带民事诉讼案件 a collateral civil action附带民事诉讼被告 defendant of collateral civil action 复查 reexamination; recheck复验 reinspect高级法官 senior judge高级检察官 senior procurator高级人民法院 Higher People's Court告诉案件 case of complaint告诉才处理的案件 case accepted at complaint告诉申诉庭 complaint and petition division工读学校 work-study school for delinquent children公安部 Ministry of Public Security公安分局 public security sub-bureau公安厅 public security bureau at the levels of provinces, autonomous regions and cities under direct jurisdiction of central government公开审理 trial in public公开审判制度 open trial system公示催告程序 procedure of public summons for exhortation 公诉案件 public-prosecuting case公诉词 statement of public prosecution公证机关 public notary office共同管辖 concurrent jurisdiction管辖 jurisdiction国际司法协助 international judicial assistance海事法院 maritime court合议庭 collegial panel合议庭评议笔录 record of deliberating by the collegiate bench 和解 composition; compromise核对诉讼当事人身份 check identity of litigious parties恢复执行 resumption of execution回避 withdrawal混合式诉讼 mixed action基层人民法院 basic People's Court羁押期限 term in custody级别管辖 subject matter jurisdiction of courts at different levels监视居住 living at home under surveillance监狱 prison检察官 procurator检察权 prosecutorial power检察委员会 procuratorial/prosecutorial committee检察院 procuratorate检察院派出机构 outpost tribunal of procuratorate简易程序 summary procedure鉴定结论 expert conclusion经济审判庭 economic tribunal径行判决 direct adjudication without sessions; judgement without notice纠问式诉讼 inquisitional proceedings拘传 summon by force; summon by warrant拘留所 detention house举报 information/report of an offence举证责任 burden of proof; onus probandi决定书 decision军事法院 military procuratorate开庭审理 open a court session开庭通知 notice of court session勘验笔录 record of inquest看守所 detention house可执行财产 executable property控告式诉讼 accusatory proceedings控诉证据 incriminating evidence控诉职能 accusation function扣押 distrain on; attachment扣押物 distress/distraint宽限期 period of grace劳动争议仲裁申请书 petition for labor dispute arbitration 劳改场 reform-through-labor farm劳教所 reeducation-through-labor office类推判决的核准程序 procedure for examination and approval of analogical sentence累积证据 cumulative evidence立案报告 place a case on file立案管辖 functional jurisdiction立案决定书 written decision of case-filing立案侦查 report of placing a case on file利害关系人 interested party临时裁决书 interim award律师见证书 lawyer's written attestation; lawyer's written authentication律师事务所 law office; law firm律师提前介入 prior intervention by lawyer免于刑事处分 exemption from criminal penalty民事案件 civil case民事审判庭 civil tribunal民事诉讼 civil action民事诉讼法 Civil Procedural Law扭送 seize and deliver a suspect to the police派出法庭 detached tribunal派出所 police station判决 judgement; determination判决书 judgement; determination; verdict (指陪审团作出的)旁证 circumstantial evidence陪审员 juror批准逮捕 approval of arrest破案 clear up a criminal case; solve a criminal case破产 bankruptcy; insolvency普通程序 general/ordinary procedure普通管辖 general jurisdiction企业法人破产还债程序 procedure of bankruptcy and liquidation of a business corporation起诉 filing of a lawsuit起诉 sue; litigate; prosecute; institution of proceedings起诉状 indictment; information区县检察院 grassroots People's Procuratorate取保候审 the bail pending trial with restricted liberty of moving 缺席判决 default judgement人民调解委员会 People's Mediation Committee认定财产无主案件 cases concerning determination of property as qwnerless认定公民无民事行为能力、限制民事行为能力案件cases concerning determination of a citizen as incompetent or with limited disposing capacity上诉 appeal上诉人 appellant上诉状 petition for appeal少管所 juvenile prison社会治安综合治理 comprehensive treatment of social security涉外案件 cases involving foreign interests涉外民事诉讼 foreign civil proceedings涉外刑事诉讼 foreign criminal proceedings申请人 applicant; petitioner申请书 petition; application for arbitration申请执行人 execution applicant申诉人宣誓书 claimant's affidavit of authenticity申诉书 appeal for revision; petition for revision神示证据制度 system of divinity evidence神示制度 ordeal system审查案件 case review审查并决定逮捕 examine and decide arrest审查起诉阶段 stage of review and prosecution审理通知书 notice of hearing审判长 presiding judge审判长宣布开庭 presiding judge announce court in session 审判管辖 adjudgement/trial jurisdiction审判监督程序 procedure for trial supervision审判委员会 judicial committee审判员 judge审问式诉讼 inquisitional proceedings生效判决裁定 legally effective judgement/order胜诉方 winning party省市自治区检察院 higher People's Procuratorate失踪和死亡宣告 declaration of disappearance and death 实(质)体证据 substantial evidence实物证据 tangible evidence实在证据 real evidence示意证据 demonstrative evidence视听证据 audio-visual evidence收容所 collecting post; safe retreat首席大法官 chief justice首席检察官 chief procurator受害人的近亲属 victim's immediate family受理 acceptance受理刑事案件审批表 registration form of acceptance of criminal case受送达人 the addressee书记员 court clerk书记员宣读法庭纪律 court clerk reads court rules书证 documentary evidence司法部 Ministry of Justice司法机关 judicial organizatons司法警察 judicial police司法局 judicial bureau司法厅 judicial bureau at the levels of provinces, autonomous regions, and cities under direct jurisdiction of central government司法协助 judicial assistance死缓的复核 judicial review of death sentence with a retrieve 死刑复核程序 procedure for judicial review of death sentence 死刑复核权 competence for judicial review of death sentence 送达 service of process送达传票 service of summons/subpoena送达诉状 service of bill of complaint搜查 search诉 sue; suit; action; lawsuit诉前财产保全 property attachment prior to lawsuit诉讼 litigation; lawsuit; sue; action诉讼保全 attachment诉讼参加人 litigious participants诉讼代理人 agent ad litem诉状 complaint; bill of complaint; state of claim特别程序 special procedures提起公诉 institute a public prosecution铁路法院 railway court铁路检察院 railroad transport procuratorate庭审程序 procedure of court trial通缉 wanted for arrest投案 appearance退回补充侦查 return of a case for supplementary investigation 委托辩护 entrusted defense未成年人法庭 juvenile court无行政职务的法官 associate judge无正当理由拒不到庭 refuse to appear in court without due cause 无罪判决 acquittal, finding of " not guilty "物证 material evidence先予执行申请书 application for advanced execution先予执行 advanced execution刑事案件 criminal case刑事拘留 criminal detention刑事强制拘留 criminal coercive/compulsory measures刑事审判庭 criminal tribunal刑事诉讼 criminal proceedings刑事诉讼法 Criminal Procedural Law刑事自诉状 self-incriminating criminal complaint行政案件 administrative case行政审判庭 administrative tribunal行政诉讼 administrative proceedings行政诉讼法 Administrative Procedural Law宣告失踪、宣告死亡案件 cases concerning the declaration of disappearance and death宣判笔录 record of rendition of judgement选民资格案件 cases concerning qualifications of voters询问证人 inquire/question a witness训诫 reprimand讯问笔录 record of interrogation询问犯罪嫌疑人 interrogate criminal suspect言词证据 verbal evidence要求传唤证人申请书 application for subpoena一裁终局 arbitration award shall be final and binding 一审 trial of first instance一审案件 case of trial of first instance应诉通知书 notice of respondence to action有罪判决 sentence; finding of "guilty"予审 preliminary examinantion; pretrial原告 plaintiff院长 court president阅卷笔录 record of file review (by lawyers)再审案件 case of retrial再审申请书 petition for retrial责令具结悔过 order to sign a statement of repentance债权人会议 creditors' meeting侦查阶段 investigation stage侦查终结 conclusion of investigation征询原、被告最后意见 consulting final opinion of the plaintiff and defendant证据 evidence证据保全 preserve evidence证据保全申请书 application for evidence preservation证人证言 testimony of witness; affidavit支付令 payment order/warrant知识产权庭 intellectual property tribunal执行程序 procedure execution执行逮捕 execution of arrest执行和解 conciliation of execution执行回转 recovery of execution执行庭 executive tribunal执行异议 objection to execution执行员 executor执行中止 discontinuance of execution执行终结 conclusion of execution指定辩护 appointed defense指定仲裁员声明 statement of appointing arbitrator中级人民法院 intermediate People's Court中途退庭 retreat during court session without permission 仲裁 arbitration仲裁被诉人 respondent; defendant仲裁裁决 award仲裁申请书 arbitration仲裁申诉人 claimant; plaintiff仲裁庭 arbitration tribunal仲裁委员会 arbitration committee仲裁协议 arbitration agreement; clauses of arbitration仲裁员 arbitrator主诉检察官 principal procurator助理检察官 assistant procurator助理审判员 assistant judge专门法院 special court专门管辖 specific jurisdiction专属管辖 exclusive jurisdiction追究刑事责任 investigate for criminal responsibility自首 confession to justice自诉案件 private-prosecuting case自行辩护 self-defense自由心证制度 doctrine of discretional evaluation of evidence自侦案件 self-investigating case最高人民法院 the Supreme People's Court最高人民检察院 the Supreme People's Procuratorate 最后裁决书 final award三、民事法律法律渊源 source of law制定法 statute判例法 case law; precedent普通法 common law特别法 special law固有法 native law; indigenous law继受法 adopted law实体法 substantial law程序法 procedural law原则法 fundamental law例外法 exception law司法解释 judicial interpretation习惯法 customary law公序良俗 public order and moral自然法 natural law罗马法 Roman Law私法 private law公法 public law市民法 jus civile万民法 jus gentium民法法系 civil law system英美法系 system of Anglo-American law 大陆法系 civil law system普通法 common law大陆法 continental law罗马法系 Roman law system英吉利法 English law衡平法 equity; law of equity日尔曼法 Germantic law教会法 ecclesiastical law寺院法 canon law伊斯兰法 Islamic law民法法律规范 norm of civil law授权规范 authorization norm禁止规范 forbidding norm义务性规范 obligatory norm命令性规范 commanding norm民法基本原则 fundamental principles of civil law 平等原则 principle of equality自愿原则 principle of free will公平原则 principle of justice等价有偿原则 principle of equal value exchange 诚实信用原则 principle of good faith行为 act作为 act不作为 omission合法行为 lawful act违法行为 unlawful act民事权利权利能力 civil right绝对权 absolute right相对权 relative right优先权 right of priority先买权 preemption原权 antecedent right救济权 right of relief支配权 right of dominion请求权 right of claim物上请求权 right of claim for real thing形成权 right of formation撤销权 right of claiming cancellation否认权 right of claiming cancellation解除权 right of renouncement代位权 subrogated right选择权 right of choice承认权 right of admission终止权 right of termination抗辩权 right of defense一时性抗辩权 momentary right of defense永久性抗辩权 permanent counter-argument right 不安抗辩权 unstable counter-argument right同时履行抗辩权 defense right of simultaneous performance 既得权 tested right期待权 expectant right专属权 exclusive right非专属权 non-exclusive right人身权利 personal right人权 human right人格权 right of personality生命健康权 right of life and health姓名权 right of name名称权 right of name肖像权 right of portraiture自由权 right of freedom名誉权 right reputation隐私权 right of privacy私生活秘密权 right of privacy贞操权 virginity right身份权 right of status亲权 parental power; parental right亲属权 right of relative探视权 visitation right配偶权 right of spouse荣誉权 right of honor权利的保护 protection of right公力救济 public protection私力救济 self-protection权利本位 standard of right社会本位 standard of society无责任行为 irresponsible right正当防卫 justifiable right; ligitimate defence防卫行为 act of defence自为行为 self-conducting act紧急避险 act of rescue; necessity自助行为 act of self-help不可抗力 force majeure意外事件 accident行为能力 capacity for act意思能力 capacity of will民事行为 civil act意思表示 declaration of intention意思表示一致 meeting of minds; consensus 完全行为能力 perfect capacity for act限制行为能力 restrictive capacity for act 准禁治产人 quasi-interdicted person保佐 protection自治产人 minor who is capable of administering his own capacity 无行为能力 incapacity for act禁治产人 interdicted person自然人 natural person公民 citizen住所 domicile居所 residence经常居住地 frequently dwelling place户籍 census register监护 guardianship个体工商户 individual business农村承包经营户 leaseholding rural household合伙 partnership合伙人 partner合伙协议 partnership agreement合伙财产 property of partnership合伙债务 debt of partnership入伙 join partnership退伙 withdrawal from partnership合伙企业 partnership business establishment个人合伙 partnership法人合伙 partnership of legal person特别合伙 special partnership普通合伙 general partnership有限合伙 limited partnership民事合伙 civil partnership隐名合伙 sleeping partnership; dormant partnership 私营企业 private enterprise; proprietorship法人 legal person企业法人 legal body of enterprise企业集团 group of enterprise关联企业 affiliate enterprise个人独资企业 individual business establishment国有独资企业 solely state-owned enterprise中外合资企业 Sino-foreign joint venture enterprise 中外合作企业 Sino-foreign contractual enterprise 社团法人 legal body of mass organization财团法人 legal body of financial group联营 joint venture法人型联营 association of legal persons合伙型联营 coordinated management in partnership 协作型联营 cooperation-type coordinated management 合作社 cooperative民事法律行为 civil legal act单方民事法律行为 unilateral civil legal act双方民事法律行为 bilateral civil legal act多方民事法律行为 joint act civil legal act有偿民事法律行为 civil legal act with consideration无偿民事法律行为 civil legal act without consideration; civil legal act without award实践性民事法律行为 practical civil legal act诺成性民事法律行为 consental civil legal act要式民事法律行为 formal civil legal act不要式民事法律行为 informal civil legal act要因民事法律行为 causative civil legal act不要因民事法律行为 noncausative civil legal act主民事法律行为 principal civil legal act从民事法律行为 accessory civil legal act附条件民事法律行为 conditional civil legal act附期限民事法律行为 civil legal act with term生前民事法律行为 civil legal act before death。
My Vocabulary Briefing in Legal English同一词语普通用语与法律用语意义不同的对比同一意义正式与非正式的表达一词多义:Advise释义:advise在法律英语中有两个常用意思:①律师等法律工作者提供法律建议,如The partner of the law firm advised the Manager on various specialist legal issues。
该律师事务所的合伙人就各种专业法律问题向经理提出了法律建议。
②通知,相当于notify或inform,如The use of advise in the sense of “inform, notify,”was restricted to business correspondence and legal contexts. Thus one may say the suspects were advised of their rights, but it would be considered pretentious to say you’d better advise your friends that the date of the picnic has been changed。
advise 表示“通知,告知”的这种用法局限地用于商业往来及法律情况。
因此可以说嫌疑犯被告知他们所具有的权利,但是你最好通知你的朋友,野餐的日期有所改变,这种说法被认为是做作的。
Deposit释义:deposit在法律英语中通常最常用的意思有两个:①存款,这是他在普通英语和法律英语都很常见的意思,既可作名词也可作动词,如He has a deposit of 10,000yuan in ICBC。
他在工商银行有1万元的存款。
People tend to deposit their idle money in the bank。
法律英语实用单词讲解accord释义:accord和解或和解协议,指指债务人和一个债权人达成的、以偿还部分债务免除全部债务责任的协议。
如reach an accord达成和解协议,accord and satisfaction和解与清偿等。
acquire释义:acquire指对公司的购买,收购,我们通常所说的M&A,即是acquire的名词acquisition和merger 的缩写。
如The foreign investor has acquired more than 10 PRC domestic enterprises engaging in related industries within a year. 外国投资者一年内并购中国境内关联行业的企业超过10个。
act释义:act作为,与不作为forbear相对应。
如:Notwithstanding anything contained in this Act, the Minister may, on the recommendation of the Commission, direct the Commission to act or forbear fromaction释义:诉讼,相当于suit或lawsuit,如initiate an action提起诉讼,win an action在诉讼中获胜,defend oneself in an action在诉讼中为自己辩护等。
adopt释义:adopt的最常见含义是采用,通过,如adopt a law通过一项法律,adopt a proposal采纳一个建议等,这种用法在法律英语中也较为常见。
另外,adopt在法律英语中可能会用到一个含义是收养,如adopt an orphan according to law根据法律规定收养孤儿。
admission释义:采纳,采信(证据),如The defendant challenged the admission of the evidence by the court on the ground that the evidence was irrelevant.被告以证据没有相关性为由反对法院对其予以采信。
法律英语专业词汇汇总 Company number:【0089WT-8898YT-W8CCB-BUUT-202108】法律英语专业词汇汇总一、律师部分案件受理费 court acceptance fee案情重大、复杂 important and complicated case案由 cause of action案子 case包揽诉讼 monopolize lawsuits被告 defendant(用于民事、行政案件); the accused (用于刑事案件) 被上诉人 appellee被诉人 respondent; defendant本案律师 councel pro hac vice本地律师 local counsel毕业证 diploma; graduation certificate辩护词 defense; pleadings辩护律师 defense lawyer辩护要点 point of defense辩护意见 submission财产租赁 property tenancy裁定书 order; ruling; determination(指终审裁定)裁决书 award(用于仲裁)裁决书 verdict(用于陪审团)采信的证据 admitted evidence; established evidence草拟股权转让协议 drafting agreement of assignment of equity interests查阅法条 source legal provisions产权转让 conveyancing出差 go on errand; go on a business trip出国深造 further study abroad出具律师意见书 providing legal opinion出示的证据 exhibit出庭 appear in court传票 summons; subpoena答辩状 answer; reply代理词 representation代理房地产买卖与转让 agency for sale and transfer of real estate代理公证、商标、专利、版权、房地产、工商登记 agency for notarization, trademark, patent, copyright, and registration of real estate and incorporations代理仲裁 agency for arbitration代写文书 drafting of legal instruments待决案件 pending case当事人陈述 statement of the parties第三人 third party吊销执业证 revocation of lawyer license调查笔录 investigative record调查取证 investigation and gathering for evidence调解 mediation调解书 mediation二审案件 case of trial of second instance 发送电子邮件 send e-mail法律顾问 legal consultants法律意见书 legal opinions法律援助 legal aid法律咨询 legal counseling法庭 division; tribunal法学博士学位 (Doctor of Laws)法学会 law society法学课程 legal courses法学硕士学位 (Master of Laws)法学系 faculty of law; department of law 法学学士学位 (Bachelor of Laws)( juris doctor缩写,美国法学学士)法学院 law school法院公告 court announcement反诉状 counterclaim房地产律师 real estate lawyer; real property lawyer 非合伙律师 associate lawyer非诉讼业务 non-litigation practice高级合伙人 senior partner高级律师 senior lawyer各类协议和合同 agreements and contracts公安局 Public Security Bureau公司上市 company listing公诉案件 public-prosecuting case公证书 notarial certificate国办律师事务所 state-run law office国际贸易 international trade国际诉讼 international litigation国内诉讼 domestic litigation合伙律师 partner lawyer合伙制律师事务所 law office in partner-ship; cooperating law ofice 合同审查、草拟、修改 contract review, drafting and revision会见当事人 interview a client会见犯罪嫌疑人 interview a criminal suspect兼职律师 part-time lawyer监狱 prison; jail鉴定结论 expert conclusion缴纳会费 membership dues举证责任 burden of proof; onus probandi决定书 decision勘验笔录 record of request看守所 detention house抗诉书 protest控告人 accuser; complainant跨国诉讼 transnational litigation劳动争议 labor disputes劳动争议仲裁委员会 arbitration committee for labor disputes 劳改场 reform-through-labor farm; prison farm利害关系人 interested party; party in interest律管处处长 director of lawyer control department律师 lawyer attorney; attorney at law律师惩戒 lawyer discipline律师法 Lawyer Law律师费 lawyer fee律师函 lawyer's letter律师见证 lawyer attestation/authentication律师见证书 lawyer certification/authentication/witness律师卷宗 lawyer's docile; file律师刊物 lawyer's journal律师联系电话 contact phone number of a lawyer律师事务所 law office; law firm律师收费 billing by lawyer律师网站 lawyer website律师协会 National Bar (Lawyer) Association律师协会会员 member of Lawyer Association律师协会秘书长 secretary general of Bar (Lawyer) Association 律师协会章程 Articles of Lawyer Assocition律师业务室 lawyer's office律师执业证 lawyer license律师助理 assistant lawyer律师资格考试 bar exam; lawyer qualification exam律师资格证 lawyer qualification certificate民事案件 civil case民事调解 civil mediation民事诉讼 civil litigation派出所 local police station; police substation判决 judgement(用于民事、行政案件);determination(用于终审);sentence(用于刑事案);verdict(由陪审团作出)旁证 circumstantial evidence企业章程 articles of association; articles of incorporation; bylaw 企业重组 corporate restructure起诉状 information; indictment取消律师资格 disbar全国律师代表大会 National Lawyer Congress缺席宣判 pronounce judgement or determination by default人民法院 People's Court人民检察院 People's Procuratorate认定事实 determine facts上诉案件 case of trial of second instance; appellate case上诉人 appellant上诉状 petition for appeal涉外律师 lawyers specially handling foreign-related matters 申请复议 administrative reconsideration petition申请加入律师协会 application for admission to Law Association 申请人 petitioner; claimant申诉案件 appeal case申诉人(仲裁) claimant; plaintiff申诉书 appeal for revision, petition for revision实习律师 apprentice lawyer; lawyer in probation period实习律师证 certificate of apprentice lawyer视听证据 audio-visual reference material适用法律 apply law to facts受害人 victim书证 documentary evidence司法部 Ministry of Justice司法建议书 judicial advise司法局 Judicial Bureau司法局副局长 deputy director of Judicial Bureau司法局局长 director of Judicial Bureau司法统一考试 uniform judicial exam送达 service of process诉讼 litigation; action; lawsuit诉讼当事人 litigation party; litigious party诉讼业务 litigation practice诉状 complaint; bill of complaint; statement of claim 推销法律服务 promote/market legal service外国律师事务所 foreign law office委托代理合同 authorized representation contract委托代理人 agent ad litem; entrusted agent委托授权书 power of attorney物证 material evidence嫌疑人 criminal suspect项目融资 project financing项目谈判 project negotiating刑事案件 criminal case刑事诉讼 criminal litigation行政诉讼 administrative litigation休庭 adjourn the court; recess宣判 pronounce judgement; determination宣誓书 affidavit业务进修 attendance in advanced studies一审案件 case of trial of first instance与国外律师事务所交流 communicate with foreign law firms原告 plaintiff证券律师 securities lawyer证人证言 testimony of witness; affidavit执行笔录 execution record执业登记 registration for practice执业范围 scope of practice; sphere of practice; practice area执业申请 practice application执业证年检 annual inspection of lawyer license 仲裁 arbitration仲裁案件 arbitration case仲裁机构 arbitration agency专门律师 specialized lawyer专职律师 professional lawyer; full-time lawyer 撰写法律文章 write legal thesis资信调查 credit standing investigation自诉案件 private prosecuting case二、诉讼法律案件 case案件发回 remand/rimit a case (to a low court) 案件名称 title of a case案卷材料 materials in the case案情陈述书 statement of case案外人 person other than involved in the case案值 total value involved in the case败诉方 losing party办案人员 personnel handling a case保全措施申请书 application for protective measures 报案 report a case (to security authorities)被告 defendant; the accused被告人最后陈述 final statement of the accused被告向原告第二次答辩 rejoinder被害人 victim被害人的诉讼代理人 victim's agent ad litem被上诉人 respondent; the appellee被申请人 respondent被申请执行人 party against whom execution is filed 被执行人 person subject to enforcement本诉 principal action必要共同诉讼人 party in necessary co-litigation变通管辖 jurisdiction by accord辩护 defense辩护律师 defense attorney/lawyer辩护人 defender辩护证据 exculpatory evidence; defense evidence辩论阶段 stage of court debate驳回反诉 dismiss a counterclaim; reject a counterclaim驳回请求 deny/dismiss a motion驳回上诉、维持原判 reject/dismiss the appeal and sustain the original judgement/ruling驳回诉讼 dismiss an action/suit驳回通知书 notice of dismissal驳回自诉 dismiss/reject a private prosecution驳回自诉裁定书 ruling of dismissing private-prosecuting case 补充答辩 supplementary answer补充判决 supplementary judgement补充侦查 supplementary investigation不公开审理 trial in camera不立案决定书 written decision of no case-filing不批准逮捕决定书 written decision of disapproving an arrest不起诉 nol pros不予受理起诉通知书 notice of dismissal of accusation by the court 财产保全申请书 application for attachment; application for property preservation裁定 order; determination (指最终裁定)裁定管辖 jurisdiction by order裁定书 order; ruling裁决书 award采信的证据 admitted evidence查封 seal up撤回上诉 withdraw appeal撤诉 withdraw a lawsuit撤销立案 revoke a case placed on file撤销原判,发回重审 rescind the original judgement and remand the case ro the original court for retrial出示的证据 exhibit除权判决 invalidating judgement (for negotiable instruments)传唤 summon; call传闻证据 hearsay答辩 answer; reply答辩陈述书 statement of defence答辩状 answer; reply大法官 associate justices; justice大检察官 deputy chief procurator代理控告 agency for accusation代理申诉 agency for appeal代理审判员 acting judge代为申请取保候审 agency for application of the bail pending trial with restricted liberty of moving弹劾式诉讼 accusatory procedure当事人陈述 statement of the parties当庭宣判 pronouncement of judgement or sentence in court地区管辖 territorial jurisdiction地区检察分院 inter-mediate People's Procuratorate第三人 third party调查笔录 record of investigation定期宣判 pronouncement of judgement or sentence later on a fixed date定罪证据 incriminating evidence; inculpatory evidence冻结 freeze督促程序 procedure of supervision and urge独任庭 sole-judge bench独任仲裁员 sole arbitrator对妨碍民事诉讼的强制措施 compulsory measures against impairment of civil action对席判决 judgement inter parties二审 trial of second instance二审案件 case of trial of second insurance罚款 impose a fine法定证据 statutory legal evidence法定证据制度 system of legal evidence法官 judges法警 bailiff; court police法律文书 legal instruments/papers法律援助 legal aid法律咨询 legal consulting法庭辩论 court debate法庭调查 court investigation法庭审理笔录 court record法庭审理方式 mode of court trial法庭庭长 chief judge of a tribunal法院 court法院公告 court announcement反诉 counterclaim反诉答辩状 answer with counterclaim反诉状 counterclaim犯罪嫌疑人 criminal suspect附带民事诉讼案件 a collateral civil action附带民事诉讼被告 defendant of collateral civil action 复查 reexamination; recheck复验 reinspect高级法官 senior judge高级检察官 senior procurator高级人民法院 Higher People's Court告诉案件 case of complaint告诉才处理的案件 case accepted at complaint告诉申诉庭 complaint and petition division工读学校 work-study school for delinquent children公安部 Ministry of Public Security公安分局 public security sub-bureau公安厅 public security bureau at the levels of provinces, autonomous regions and cities under direct jurisdiction of central government 公开审理 trial in public公开审判制度 open trial system公示催告程序 procedure of public summons for exhortation公诉案件 public-prosecuting case公诉词 statement of public prosecution公证机关 public notary office共同管辖 concurrent jurisdiction管辖 jurisdiction国际司法协助 international judicial assistance海事法院 maritime court合议庭 collegial panel合议庭评议笔录 record of deliberating by the collegiate bench和解 composition; compromise核对诉讼当事人身份 check identity of litigious parties恢复执行 resumption of execution回避 withdrawal混合式诉讼 mixed action基层人民法院 basic People's Court羁押期限 term in custody级别管辖 subject matter jurisdiction of courts at different levels 监视居住 living at home under surveillance监狱 prison检察官 procurator检察权 prosecutorial power检察委员会 procuratorial/prosecutorial committee检察院 procuratorate检察院派出机构 outpost tribunal of procuratorate简易程序 summary procedure鉴定结论 expert conclusion经济审判庭 economic tribunal径行判决 direct adjudication without sessions; judgement without notice纠问式诉讼 inquisitional proceedings拘传 summon by force; summon by warrant拘留所 detention house举报 information/report of an offence举证责任 burden of proof; onus probandi决定书 decision军事法院 military procuratorate开庭审理 open a court session开庭通知 notice of court session勘验笔录 record of inquest看守所 detention house可执行财产 executable property控告式诉讼 accusatory proceedings控诉证据 incriminating evidence控诉职能 accusation function扣押 distrain on; attachment扣押物 distress/distraint宽限期 period of grace劳动争议仲裁申请书 petition for labor dispute arbitration 劳改场 reform-through-labor farm劳教所 reeducation-through-labor office类推判决的核准程序 procedure for examination and approval of analogical sentence累积证据 cumulative evidence立案报告 place a case on file立案管辖 functional jurisdiction立案决定书 written decision of case-filing立案侦查 report of placing a case on file利害关系人 interested party临时裁决书 interim award律师见证书 lawyer's written attestation; lawyer's written authentication律师事务所 law office; law firm律师提前介入 prior intervention by lawyer免于刑事处分 exemption from criminal penalty民事案件 civil case民事审判庭 civil tribunal民事诉讼 civil action民事诉讼法 Civil Procedural Law扭送 seize and deliver a suspect to the police派出法庭 detached tribunal派出所 police station判决 judgement; determination判决书 judgement; determination; verdict (指陪审团作出的)旁证 circumstantial evidence陪审员 juror批准逮捕 approval of arrest破案 clear up a criminal case; solve a criminal case破产 bankruptcy; insolvency普通程序 general/ordinary procedure普通管辖 general jurisdiction企业法人破产还债程序 procedure of bankruptcy and liquidation of a business corporation起诉 filing of a lawsuit起诉 sue; litigate; prosecute; institution of proceedings起诉状 indictment; information区县检察院 grassroots People's Procuratorate取保候审 the bail pending trial with restricted liberty of moving 缺席判决 default judgement人民调解委员会 People's Mediation Committee认定财产无主案件 cases concerning determination of property as qwnerless认定公民无民事行为能力、限制民事行为能力案件cases concerning determination of a citizen as incompetent or with limited disposing capacity上诉 appeal上诉人 appellant上诉状 petition for appeal少管所 juvenile prison社会治安综合治理 comprehensive treatment of social security涉外案件 cases involving foreign interests涉外民事诉讼 foreign civil proceedings涉外刑事诉讼 foreign criminal proceedings申请人 applicant; petitioner申请书 petition; application for arbitration申请执行人 execution applicant申诉人宣誓书 claimant's affidavit of authenticity申诉书 appeal for revision; petition for revision神示证据制度 system of divinity evidence神示制度 ordeal system审查案件 case review审查并决定逮捕 examine and decide arrest审查起诉阶段 stage of review and prosecution审理通知书 notice of hearing审判长 presiding judge审判长宣布开庭 presiding judge announce court in session 审判管辖 adjudgement/trial jurisdiction审判监督程序 procedure for trial supervision审判委员会 judicial committee审判员 judge审问式诉讼 inquisitional proceedings生效判决裁定 legally effective judgement/order胜诉方 winning party省市自治区检察院 higher People's Procuratorate失踪和死亡宣告 declaration of disappearance and death 实(质)体证据 substantial evidence实物证据 tangible evidence实在证据 real evidence示意证据 demonstrative evidence视听证据 audio-visual evidence收容所 collecting post; safe retreat首席大法官 chief justice首席检察官 chief procurator受害人的近亲属 victim's immediate family受理 acceptance受理刑事案件审批表 registration form of acceptance of criminal case 受送达人 the addressee书记员 court clerk书记员宣读法庭纪律 court clerk reads court rules书证 documentary evidence司法部 Ministry of Justice司法机关 judicial organizatons司法警察 judicial police司法局 judicial bureau司法厅 judicial bureau at the levels of provinces, autonomous regions, and cities under direct jurisdiction of central government 司法协助 judicial assistance死缓的复核 judicial review of death sentence with a retrieve死刑复核程序 procedure for judicial review of death sentence死刑复核权 competence for judicial review of death sentence送达 service of process送达传票 service of summons/subpoena送达诉状 service of bill of complaint搜查 search诉 sue; suit; action; lawsuit诉前财产保全 property attachment prior to lawsuit 诉讼 litigation; lawsuit; sue; action诉讼保全 attachment诉讼参加人 litigious participants诉讼代理人 agent ad litem诉状 complaint; bill of complaint; state of claim 特别程序 special procedures提起公诉 institute a public prosecution铁路法院 railway court铁路检察院 railroad transport procuratorate庭审程序 procedure of court trial通缉 wanted for arrest投案 appearance退回补充侦查 return of a case for supplementary investigation 委托辩护 entrusted defense未成年人法庭 juvenile court无行政职务的法官 associate judge无正当理由拒不到庭 refuse to appear in court without due cause 无罪判决 acquittal, finding of " not guilty "物证 material evidence先予执行申请书 application for advanced execution先予执行 advanced execution刑事案件 criminal case刑事拘留 criminal detention刑事强制拘留 criminal coercive/compulsory measures刑事审判庭 criminal tribunal刑事诉讼 criminal proceedings刑事诉讼法 Criminal Procedural Law刑事自诉状 self-incriminating criminal complaint行政案件 administrative case行政审判庭 administrative tribunal行政诉讼 administrative proceedings行政诉讼法 Administrative Procedural Law宣告失踪、宣告死亡案件 cases concerning the declaration of disappearance and death宣判笔录 record of rendition of judgement选民资格案件 cases concerning qualifications of voters询问证人 inquire/question a witness训诫 reprimand讯问笔录 record of interrogation询问犯罪嫌疑人 interrogate criminal suspect言词证据 verbal evidence要求传唤证人申请书 application for subpoena一裁终局 arbitration award shall be final and binding一审 trial of first instance一审案件 case of trial of first instance应诉通知书 notice of respondence to action有罪判决 sentence; finding of "guilty"予审 preliminary examinantion; pretrial原告 plaintiff院长 court president阅卷笔录 record of file review (by lawyers)再审案件 case of retrial再审申请书 petition for retrial责令具结悔过 order to sign a statement of repentance债权人会议 creditors' meeting侦查阶段 investigation stage侦查终结 conclusion of investigation征询原、被告最后意见 consulting final opinion of the plaintiff and defendant证据 evidence证据保全 preserve evidence证据保全申请书 application for evidence preservation 证人证言 testimony of witness; affidavit支付令 payment order/warrant知识产权庭 intellectual property tribunal执行程序 procedure execution执行逮捕 execution of arrest执行和解 conciliation of execution执行回转 recovery of execution执行庭 executive tribunal执行异议 objection to execution执行员 executor执行中止 discontinuance of execution执行终结 conclusion of execution指定辩护 appointed defense指定仲裁员声明 statement of appointing arbitrator中级人民法院 intermediate People's Court中途退庭 retreat during court session without permission 仲裁 arbitration仲裁被诉人 respondent; defendant仲裁裁决 award仲裁申请书 arbitration仲裁申诉人 claimant; plaintiff仲裁庭 arbitration tribunal仲裁委员会 arbitration committee仲裁协议 arbitration agreement; clauses of arbitration 仲裁员 arbitrator主诉检察官 principal procurator助理检察官 assistant procurator助理审判员 assistant judge专门法院 special court专门管辖 specific jurisdiction专属管辖 exclusive jurisdiction追究刑事责任 investigate for criminal responsibility自首 confession to justice自诉案件 private-prosecuting case自行辩护 self-defense自由心证制度 doctrine of discretional evaluation of evidence 自侦案件 self-investigating case最高人民法院 the Supreme People's Court最高人民检察院 the Supreme People's Procuratorate最后裁决书 final award三、民事法律法律渊源 source of law制定法 statute判例法 case law; precedent普通法 common law特别法 special law固有法 native law; indigenous law 继受法 adopted law实体法 substantial law程序法 procedural law原则法 fundamental law例外法 exception law司法解释 judicial interpretation 习惯法 customary law公序良俗 public order and moral 自然法 natural law罗马法 Roman Law私法 private law公法 public law市民法 jus civile万民法 jus gentium民法法系 civil law system英美法系 system of Anglo-American law 大陆法系 civil law system普通法 common law大陆法 continental law罗马法系 Roman law system英吉利法 English law衡平法 equity; law of equity日尔曼法 Germantic law教会法 ecclesiastical law寺院法 canon law伊斯兰法 Islamic law民法法律规范 norm of civil law授权规范 authorization norm禁止规范 forbidding norm义务性规范 obligatory norm命令性规范 commanding norm民法基本原则 fundamental principles of civil law 平等原则 principle of equality自愿原则 principle of free will公平原则 principle of justice等价有偿原则 principle of equal value exchange 诚实信用原则 principle of good faith行为 act作为 act不作为 omission合法行为 lawful act违法行为 unlawful act民事权利权利能力 civil right绝对权 absolute right相对权 relative right优先权 right of priority先买权 preemption原权 antecedent right救济权 right of relief支配权 right of dominion请求权 right of claim物上请求权 right of claim for real thing 形成权 right of formation撤销权 right of claiming cancellation否认权 right of claiming cancellation解除权 right of renouncement代位权 subrogated right选择权 right of choice承认权 right of admission终止权 right of termination抗辩权 right of defense一时性抗辩权 momentary right of defense永久性抗辩权 permanent counter-argument right不安抗辩权 unstable counter-argument right同时履行抗辩权 defense right of simultaneous performance 既得权 tested right期待权 expectant right专属权 exclusive right非专属权 non-exclusive right人身权利 personal right人权 human right人格权 right of personality生命健康权 right of life and health姓名权 right of name名称权 right of name肖像权 right of portraiture自由权 right of freedom名誉权 right reputation隐私权 right of privacy私生活秘密权 right of privacy贞操权 virginity right身份权 right of status亲权 parental power; parental right亲属权 right of relative探视权 visitation right配偶权 right of spouse荣誉权 right of honor权利的保护 protection of right公力救济 public protection私力救济 self-protection权利本位 standard of right社会本位 standard of society无责任行为 irresponsible right正当防卫 justifiable right; ligitimate defence防卫行为 act of defence自为行为 self-conducting act紧急避险 act of rescue; necessity自助行为 act of self-help不可抗力 force majeure意外事件 accident行为能力 capacity for act意思能力 capacity of will民事行为 civil act意思表示 declaration of intention意思表示一致 meeting of minds; consensus完全行为能力 perfect capacity for act限制行为能力 restrictive capacity for act准禁治产人 quasi-interdicted person保佐 protection自治产人 minor who is capable of administering his own capacity无行为能力 incapacity for act禁治产人 interdicted person自然人 natural person公民 citizen住所 domicile居所 residence经常居住地 frequently dwelling place户籍 census register监护 guardianship个体工商户 individual business农村承包经营户 leaseholding rural household 合伙 partnership合伙人 partner合伙协议 partnership agreement合伙财产 property of partnership合伙债务 debt of partnership入伙 join partnership退伙 withdrawal from partnership合伙企业 partnership business establishment个人合伙 partnership法人合伙 partnership of legal person特别合伙 special partnership普通合伙 general partnership有限合伙 limited partnership民事合伙 civil partnership隐名合伙 sleeping partnership; dormant partnership 私营企业 private enterprise; proprietorship法人 legal person企业法人 legal body of enterprise企业集团 group of enterprise关联企业 affiliate enterprise个人独资企业 individual business establishment国有独资企业 solely state-owned enterprise中外合资企业 Sino-foreign joint venture enterprise 中外合作企业 Sino-foreign contractual enterprise社团法人 legal body of mass organization财团法人 legal body of financial group联营 joint venture法人型联营 association of legal persons合伙型联营 coordinated management in partnership协作型联营 cooperation-type coordinated management 合作社 cooperative民事法律行为 civil legal act单方民事法律行为 unilateral civil legal act双方民事法律行为 bilateral civil legal act多方民事法律行为 joint act civil legal act有偿民事法律行为 civil legal act with consideration无偿民事法律行为 civil legal act without consideration; civil legal act without award实践性民事法律行为 practical civil legal act诺成性民事法律行为 consental civil legal act要式民事法律行为 formal civil legal act不要式民事法律行为 informal civil legal act要因民事法律行为 causative civil legal act不要因民事法律行为 noncausative civil legal act主民事法律行为 principal civil legal act从民事法律行为 accessory civil legal act附条件民事法律行为 conditional civil legal act附期限民事法律行为 civil legal act with term生前民事法律行为 civil legal act before death死后民事法律行为 civil legal act after death准民事法律行为 quasi-civil legal act无效行为 ineffective act可撤销民事行为 revocable civil act违法行为 illegal act; unlawful act侵权行为 tort欺诈 fraud胁迫 duress乘人之危 taking advantage of others' precarious position以合法形式掩盖非法目的 legal form concealing illegal intention 恶意串通 malicious collaboration重大误解 gross misunderstanding显失公平 obvious unjust误传 misrepresentation代理 agency本人 principal被代理人 principal受托人 trustee代理人 agent。
法律英语重点专业词汇研究本文主要研究法律英语中的重点专业词汇。
在法律领域,准确理解和运用专业术语至关重要,因此掌握关键词汇对于法律专业人士至关重要。
1. 法律法规- 法律 (法律英文:law): 一国或地区制定并正式公布、由政府实施的规范人们行为的规则体系。
法律可分为刑法、民法、行政法等。
- 法规 (法律英文:regulation): 政府或其他有权机关颁布的规范性文件,具有行政强制力。
- 条款 (法律英文:article/section/clause): 法律、法规等文件中的具体规定或条目。
2. 诉讼程序和法庭相关术语- 诉讼 (法律英文:litigation): 通过法律程序解决纠纷或争议。
- 原告 (法律英文:plaintiff): 在诉讼中提起诉讼或寻求救济的一方。
- 被告 (法律英文:defendant): 在诉讼中被起诉或被控告的一方。
- 律师 (法律英文:lawyer/attorney): 具有执业资格从事法律服务的专业人士。
- 法庭 (法律英文:court): 由法官主持审理案件的地方。
3. 合同法- 合同 (法律英文:contract): 双方或多方之间为了确定权利和义务而达成的一种协议。
- 当事人 (法律英文:party): 在合同中具有权利和义务的个人或组织。
- 违约 (法律英文:breach): 违反合同规定的行为或不履行合同义务。
- 无效 (法律英文:invalid): 合同不具有法律效力或被认为无效的状态。
4. 知识产权- 版权(法律英文:copyright): 由法律保护的创作作品的独占权。
- 商标 (法律英文:trademark): 用于区分商品或服务来源的特定标识符。
- 专利 (法律英文:patent): 对发明、产品或制造方法等的独占权。
- 侵权 (法律英文:infringement): 未经授权使用他人知识产权的行为。
5. 财务法律- 税务 (法律英文:taxation): 政府根据法律规定对个人和组织征收的财务责任。
常用法律英语词汇注解Ab initio从开始形容事件由开始时的状态,例如合约从开始便已经无效,称为“The contract was void ab initio”;Accused被告Accused通常指刑事案件的被告,民事诉讼的被告称为Defendant;而申索案件中的被索偿的一方称为Respondent答辩人;Acquittal罪名不成立刑事案件经审讯后,被告罪名不成立被释放,称为“The accused is acquitted”;Acquittal是名词;Adjourn休庭,押后法庭在聆讯途中暂时休庭30分钟,称为“adjourned for30 minutes”;如要将聆讯押后再排期重审,称为“adjourned to a date to be fixed”;Affidavit誓章以宗教仪式发誓后签署的书面证供称为Affidavit,而以真诚发誓所签署的证供称为Affirmation,两者的格式用词有些分别,但主要作用相同;Allegation声称诉讼陈词中未经证实的声言,例如:The Plaintiff alleged that his loss was due to the Defendant’s breach of contract,原告声称他的损失是被告违约所引致;Allegation是名词;Assault殴打,侵犯以武力侵犯他人的行为,称为Assault,一般性质的殴打,称为“Common Assault”;严重者称为Aggravated Assault;未经许可触摸他人身体,可以被控非礼,称为Indecent Assault;As is现状“As is”常用于物业买卖的合约中,指物业的现状;“The property is and will be sold on an “as is” basis …”即物业将会以其现状出售;Bail保释刑事案中的疑犯或被告,可以暂时被释放;保释可以是有条件的,也可以是无条件的;保释的条件包括缴交指定金额的保释金、提供人事担保及定时向警署报到等;Balance of Probabilities可能性较高者这是民事案件中举证的标准,法庭对原告和被告所提出的证据,认为那一方的可信性较高,便会判处该方胜诉;相对刑事案而言,民事案中败诉的后果一般都只是经济利益,所以法庭对举证的要求,相对也较刑事案为低;Beyond reasonable doubt无合理疑点这是刑事案件中举证的标准,控方向法庭提出的证据,必须是在合理的情况下并无疑点,法庭才会判处被告有罪;刑事罪的后果对被告而言,较为严重,举证标准的要求也因此而较民事案严格,如果法庭认为证据有任何疑点,都会将疑点的利益“benefit of doubt”归于被告;Binding有约束力的“binding”通常的解释是连结一起,但法律上则多用作有约束力的,例如:This provisional agreement is a binding contract;这份临时协议是有法律约束力的;Body Corporation法人团体经法律程序而产生具有与自然人相同法律地位的组织,例如:根据公司条例注册成立的有限公司Limited Company,可以拥有资产,可以向外借贷,可以提出控诉,也可以被申索;法人团体没有自然的死亡因素,所以必须经法律程序才可以将它消除;Burden of Proof举证责任无论是刑事或民事案件,提出控诉的一方,都负有举证的责任,即是向法庭提出证据,支持控诉和申索的事由;虽然在一般的情况下,向法庭举证是主控和原告的责任,但如果被告在刑事案中被法庭判罪之后,再被受害人以民事追讨赔偿,则在有关的民事诉讼中,如果被告否认他对受害人的损失需要负上赔偿的责任,被告便有责任向法庭举证,支持他的抗辩;Cause of Action诉讼理由提出诉讼,必须要有合理的事实根据,缺乏合理的诉讼理由,对方不但可以向法庭请求剔除有关的诉讼,同时可以要求赔偿浪费了的律师费及其它费用;Caution警诫词执法人员警察及海关人员等在拘捕疑犯时,提醒疑犯保持缄默的权利的警告说话;执法人员在没有给予疑犯警诫词的情况下所录取的供词,可能不会被法庭接纳为有效的证供;Certified Copy核证副本指经律师或其它合资格人士核证的文件副本,核证副本都有核证人的签署和核证日期,以确认该副本进行了核证,除特别声明必须用文件正本的情况外,核证副本一般都视为有效的文件;Chamber办公室诉讼律师和法官的办公室,称为“Chamber”;诉讼程序中有部份的聆讯是在法官的办公室中进行的,称为内庭聆讯”hearing in chambers”,内庭聆讯只准许当事人及其法律代表出席;Charge收费,控罪,抵押,押记 Charge可以是名词,也可以是动词,它包含了多个不同的解释:1. 是提供服务的收费,例:Legal Charge 律师收费;2. 是刑事控罪,例:This case has more than one charge 这案件包含多于一项的控罪;3. 是借贷的抵押,例:The company charged its property forthe loan 这间公司以其物业作为借款的抵押;4. 是对法定债务人的物业的押记,用以偿还有关的法定债务;Claim申索民事诉讼的传票中,原告须要将其向被告申索的事由详细列明,称为Statement of Claim 或Particulars of Claim;Concurrent Sentence合并判决刑事案中的被告犯了两项或以上的罪名同时成立,但各项罪名的判刑同时执行,例如第一项罪的判刑是一年监禁,而第二项罪的判刑是监禁两年,两项罪合并判决,被告只需要被服刑两年;Consecutive Sentence连续判决刑事案中的被告所犯的不同罪行,是以连续判决执行,则被告需要分别服刑,例如一项罪被判了两年,另一项罪则被判了三年,被告便需要连续服刑五年,才会被释放;Consideration约因合约是订约方自愿建立的法律关系,是一方以有价值的代价或者承诺以换取对方的承诺或代价,这些合约中的承诺或代价称为约因,缺乏有效的约因,合约便不能成立;Contempt of Court藐视法庭是一种严重的罪行,可以被判罚款或监禁;藐视法庭包括不遵守法庭命令、违反对法庭作出的承诺,妨碍司法公正等行为;Contributory Negligence分担疏忽意外中的伤者对意外的造成及他自己的受伤程度,需要分担部份疏忽的责任,他所获得的赔偿额也会相对地减少;Copyright版权是作者对他所创作的作品的发表、翻印、复制等专有权利,版权在作品完成后便自动产生及受法律保护,毋须经过任何注册程序,但必须为原创作品才拥有版权;Counterclaim反申索在民事诉讼中,被告对原告作出申索,而该申索的事实和理据与原告的申索是有关连的,反申索是一项独立的申索,所以原告必须对反申索作出适当的响应,例如进行抗辩等;Custody保管,监护,拘留一般而言,Custody这个名词是指对对象的保管或拥有,但在家事法中,Custody of Children 是指对未成年子女的监护权;而在刑事案件中,则指对被告的拘留;Decree法庭判令法庭聆讯后所作出的判令,可以分成暂时性判令“decree nisi”和永久性判令“decree absolute”,常见于离婚呈请的程序;一般而言,法庭颁出decree nisi后,在指定的期限过后,除非收到反对,否则都会颁出永久判令;Deed契约是一种特别的合约,须要经过当事人签署、盖章并送交对方才算有效,契约上的盖章在法律上被视为一种有效的约因;Defamation诽谤非法破坏他人名誉的行为,口头的毁谤和以书面的永久形式诽谤都可以构成民事索偿的理据或者刑事罪行;Defence抗辩刑事或民事案件中的被告,否认有关的指控或申索,同时提出反对的支持事实;Dependant受养人是指某人的某些家庭成员,需要依靠这个人提供的经济来支持生活,如果这个人因意外死亡,他的受养人因而遭受损失,是有权追究责任,要求赔偿有关的损失;Disclaimer弃权,否认是指某人愿意放弃法律上的某项权益,如果这项权益是以书面确认,则这份文件称为Disclaimer;此外,也可以是指对某个声称或指控作出否认的行为;Discovery of documents披露文件在民事诉讼的程序中,原告和被告都需要向法庭及对方披露其所持有关于该案件的所有文件,基于公平、公开和公正的法律原则,是“所有与案有关的文件”都需要披露,而不是只披露对自己有利的文件;Distraint封租租客拖欠租金,业主可以根据租约条文向法庭请求封租令,将租客留在物业中的物品充公拍卖,偿还所拖欠的租金和封租的费用;Domicile居藉是一个人定居的地方,居藉与居所不同,每一个人只可以有一个居藉,但却可以多于一个居所,居藉可以是以出生地为居藉,也可以自行选择移居的居藉,也可以是法律界定的居藉,一个人的法律地位受其居藉影响;Estoppel不可反言是“Stop”的意思,法律上不容许否认经已作出的行为,或者不容许引申某项违反公平原则的争辩;Ex Parte单方在公平的原则下,诉讼的程序一般都是以双方“Inter Parte”形式进行,即是与讼双方同时有机会向法庭作出申辩;但在某些特殊的情况下,例如对申请人有人身或财物安全的迫胁,或者不让对方有机会毁灭证据等,是可以容许以单方形式进行;例如以单方传票向法庭申请禁制令,禁止对方将子女擅自携离香港;False Imprisonment非法禁锢非法禁锢是一种刑事罪行,也是一种侵权行为,不单是指将受害人拘禁的行为,同时是指无合法理由而禁止他人自由离开的行为;触犯非法禁锢罪行,可以被警方控诉,也可以被受害人追讨赔偿损失;Fiduciary Duty诚信责任公司董事和受托人等,因为其身处位置,对委托人或有关的受益人都负有诚信的责任,基本上,诚信责任就是不能以位或权而谋私,凡事均以委托人的利益为前题;Forthwith立即法律书信经常用的副词,是立即的意思,例:The outstanding sum should be settled forthwith. 应该立即清还所欠的款项;其实,所谓立即,可以理解为最短的合理时间;Frivolous琐屑无聊民事诉讼中原告的申索理由,或者被告的抗辩理据,如果是Frivolous 琐屑无聊,对方可以根据高等法院规则向法庭申请,将该申索或抗辩剔除,并索取诉讼费;Garnishee第三债务是法定债务人的债权,例如在银行中的存款,出租楼宇所得的租金等;如果败诉的一方,并没有依照法庭判令对另一方作出赔偿,胜诉一方便可以向败诉方的第三债务发出扣记令,要求从该第三债务中取得获判的赔偿;Guarantee保证保证人Guarantor承诺当某人不作出某指定的行为时,例如不依期还款,便负责赔偿受保证人的损失;保证一般都会以书面并以契约形式订立,称为Deed of Guarantee;Hearing聆讯案件在公开审讯前,法庭进行的各项中途聆听与讼各方的申请或陈述,聆讯一般都在内庭形式进行,与案无关人士不得列席;Hearsay evidence传闻证据不是证人从亲身经历而得的证据,只是听取其它人的转述,或者呈交由他人制定的文件,例如收费单据等;Implied term默示条款在合约中并没有明文订立的条款,但因为事实的需要,法例的规定或者有关行业的惯例,在合约中加诸的条款;例如在雇佣合约中,虽然没有订明雇员必须尽忠职守,勤力工作,但其实这些条件,经已默示在合约当中,被视为有效的条款;Infringement侵犯权利一般指侵犯了他人的民事权利,多用于知识产权的侵占行为;例:Using a registered trade mark without its owner’s permission is a serious infringement of the owner’s proprietary right. 盗用他人注册商标是一项严重的侵犯权利行为;Injunction禁制令禁制令是法庭颁下禁止某项行为或不行为,受禁人必须遵从命令的指示,例如不可以接近某人等,或者清除所有非法僭建物等,不理会禁制令等于是藐视法庭,可以被判罚款甚至监禁;Instrument文书,文件处理法律事务及作为证据的文件,例如股份转让时用的转让文书Instrument of Transfer;Inter alia其它以外在法律文件书信中,经常会出现这个拉丁词,意思是在“当中列出这一项”,即是尚有其它事项;Interim order暂时命令指在诉讼过程中暂时性的命令,例如在离婚呈请中法庭所颁下的暂时性赡养费令Interim Maintenance Order,在案件审理后,法庭再判定永久性命令,以取代该暂时性命令;Interlocutory中途的指令法庭在诉讼过程中发出的指令,例如指定双方在14天内交换文件清单,或者批准其中一方申请延期将文件送交法庭存盘等;Intestacy无遗嘱逝世后没有留下遗嘱,死者的遗产便须要按照<<无遗嘱者遗产条例>>分配,但在进行遗产分配之前,在该条例中指明合资格的人,应先向高等法院的遗产承办处申请成为死者的遗产承办人Administrator,然后负责分配死者的遗产;Intra vires权力以内得到授权行事,必须在权力范围以内进行,才算是合法的行为,并没有得到授权而进行的事项,都属于权力以外 ultra vivres;Ipso facto事实使然单以行为或事实本身所产生的效果,便已经可以对事情作出判断;Issue发出,争论点,子嗣 Issue可以作多方面的解释,例如:1. 发出:This writ was issued more than one year. 这份传票是在1年多以前发出的2. 争论点:The issue of this action is the date of the contract.这案件的争论点是合约的日期3.子嗣:None of his issues will be benefited from his estate.他的子嗣都不会在其遗产中得益;Joint tenancy联权两人共同拥有一项物业,可以以联权的形式拥有,亦可以以分权的形式Tenancy in Common 拥有;联权拥有物业,一般人称为“长命契”,联权形式是双方共同拥有物业的全部,当其中一方逝世后,剩余的一方便独自拥有该物业;Lapse失去时效在商议的过程中,所给予考虑的时限过后,有关的提议也失去了效力;例:This offer will be lapsed automatically after the time limit. 这项要约在期限过后,便会自动失效;Leave许可 Leave这个词一般解作“离去”,但法律上则用作为法庭的许可,例:It is necessary to seek the Court’s leave to file a document out of time. 时限过后,必须得到法庭的许可才可以将文件存盘;Lien留置权这是扣留他人财物的权利,一般用作为还款的保证,或者作为还款的交换;Limitation period时限民事申索案件,一般都有一个指定的时限,时限过后,必须要得到法庭的特别批准,才可以进行有关的申索或者程序;一般的合约纠纷时限为6年,但涉及契约的纠纷则有12年时限,雇员工伤索偿的时限是由意外发生日起的两年内进行,而其它受伤索偿的时限则有3年;Liquidated damages定额赔偿民事诉讼中原告所申索的赔偿是一个指定的数额,当被告收到了传票后,如果他照该指定赔偿额付款给原告,原告便再没有申索的理据,案件也就因此而完结;Listing案件排期案件发展至进行审讯的阶段,便可以向法庭申请将案件排期审讯,案件可以在固定名册中排期,也可以在浮动名册中排期;Maintenance供养,赡养费一个人向另一个人提供经济给予的行为,称为供养;而在家事法上,对子女配偶提供的生活费用,称为赡养费;Merits法律理据诉讼案件中的事实,致令原告作为提出控诉的法律依据,或者作为被告抗辩的理由;Mesne profits代租金租客不依期缴交租金,业主可以就租客的违约行为取消有关的租约,追讨拖欠的租金,如果租客在业主取消租约后,仍然占用有关楼宇,业主可以追讨相等于租金数额的代租金,作为租客非法占用楼宇的赔偿;Misappropriation挪用未经物主同意,擅自取用他人的对象或金钱的行为,如果有证据显示挪用者有意永久占有该对象,则挪用者的行为属于盗窃;Mitigation请求轻判,减低 1. 刑事案中的被告请求法庭轻判其罪行,法庭会视乎被告是否有犯罪记录,家庭背景,是否对所犯罪行表示悔意等而作出适量的判刑;2. 在索偿的民事诉讼中,虽然被告有责任赔偿原告的损失,但原告也有责任将损失减低;Natural child亲生子女 natural child泛指亲生子女,但可以是婚生legitimate 又或是非婚生的illegitimate;Negligence疏忽、怠慢这个字很多时用在专业人仕身上,主要针对专业人仕并没有根据他们的专业操守、行为,而作出适当的做法,至使他们的客户因此而蒙受损失;Next friend诉讼保护人有这个保护人出现,主要是因为诉讼人为未成年人或是病人,而需要由这个诉讼保护人来代表;Nolle presequi不起诉 enters a nolle prosequi即提出中止起诉,是原告人对被告人的承诺,中止对被告人的起诉;有别于民事案件,在刑事案件中,就算律政司提出中止起诉,并不等同被告不会因同一罪名而再受捡控;Non est factum这不是我所签署的 Non est factum很多时候是作为被告的辩词,声称被告没有签署文件,又或被告签署文件的时候并不知道文件的内容,所以non est factum的英文解释是it is not my deed;Notice to quit迁出通知书在业主与租客的关系上,无论任何一方均可将通知书派送对方,作为中止租约的通知;但根据业主与租客综合条例所例明,业主派送给租客的通知,一定要受条例内的时间限制;而租客的迁出通知书亦不可以用作中途中止租约,除非相方同意或租约有条款列明;Nullity of Marriage判决婚姻无效在法例上的某些规限,以判决婚姻无效,这个判决,可以是男方的性无能又或女方自结婚以来一直以理由拒绝与男方相好;若法庭判决婚姻无效,双方的婚姻情况便属于未婚,而不是离婚;Obiter dictum法官裁判时发表之附带意见是法官判案时所发表的一些附带的意见,不会影响案件的最后判决;Official Receiver破产清判官是政府的一个职位;专责处理破产或公司清盘事宜;其办公室处于香港金钟道政府合署十楼;Onus of proof举证责任详情可见Burden of Proof;Open Contract条件未完全的合约合约的订立,有很多组成的部份,除了基本的合约订立人、合约年期、合约模式及双方责任等,但若合约缺少了例如双方执行的时间等,便可以称为未完全的合约;合约订立详情,请参阅法律常识版;Order of discharge解除破产令根据现行法例,若个人被法庭裁定破产,他需要面对破产后的种种限制,包括不可以出任公司董事、不可以涉及公司管理、不可以向别人借贷而不透露自己破产的身份等等;若破产后得到法庭获准颁发解除破产令,个人便可回复自由身;Ordinary resolution普通决议普通决议是指一般公司会议时,以超过一半投票人所同意的议决,这样的决议有别于extraordinary resolution 非常决议及special resolution 特别决议;Overruling推翻即高层法院对低层法院判案决定的推翻,这个可以是上诉庭对一审法院判决的推翻,又或是最终法院对上诉庭判案的推翻;Pardon赦免指犯人透过赦免而被撤销判罪或判刑,而当犯人被赦免后,他不可以再次因同一案件再被定罪;Partial intestacy部份无遗嘱继承指死者在遗嘱内,并未完全包括死者所有的遗产;例如死者在遗嘱内只提及物业、现金包括银行存款的处理,实质死者还有股票及其它珠宝手饰并未在遗嘱提及,因此,这些未提及的遗产便需要根据无遗嘱继承法处理;Personal service专人送达由送达人员亲身将法庭或律师楼文件交到收文件人手上;在某些情况下,法庭或法例上可能会要求特别的送达方式,专人送达是其中一种,另外可能是用挂号邮件方式或由登广告的方法;Personam对人与rem对物相对;是拉丁语,指对人或与人有关的;Petition请求在法律上,一个Petition可以是离婚的请求,亦可以是破产的请求,是以一个请求状的形式带出的;Physical possession实体占有 Physical possession有别于其它的possession,因为若对象是在一个人的实体占有,即表示那人手上真正占有该对象;不过,实体占有并不等于对象的拥有权;例如买家向卖家订货,卖家已将对象特别与其它货物分割开,而买家已将所有金额支付,那么卖家虽然仍实体占有该对象,但他并非对象的拥有者;Plaintiff原告通常在诉讼过程中,向被告人发出告票的一方为原告,原告可以是个人或是法团,亦可以是政府;Possessory title土地占有权这个土地占有权,并没有任何契据所支持,主要因为占用人已将物业占有了一段长时间,而并没有人提出反对的话,占有人便可因此而将土地注册,成为土地的注册拥有人;Power of Attorney委托书以契约形成,将个人的某些权力,委派于他人身上;最常见的是用于物业管理上,例如业主已移民外国,业主在港的物业,他委派一个可信的人替他管理,亦可以透过委托书要求受委托人替他将物业出租或出售;Pre-emption先买 Pre-emption最常出现在有限公司的股权买卖内,因为很多时在公司的章程内会规定,若公司的股东要将手上持有公司的股份出让,就必须要先买给现有的股东,这个情况主要防止有外来的人仕介入公司的业务内;Premium补地价补地价广泛应用在香港的新界土地转让上或房屋署的居者有其屋计划内;若卖家要将这些业卖出,他必须将物业先补地价,拿到补地价纸后,才可将物业卖出,现时买卖情况,亦可以容许卖方收到买方的楼款才补地价;Presumption of death推定死亡香港法例,若配偶失踪达七年或以上时间,在世的配偶可以向法庭申请,推定失踪配偶已死亡;若法庭颁下命令,在世配偶便可处理失踪配偶的遗产;Prohibition Order禁制令禁制令常见于债权人向债务人所发出,债权人必须令法庭满意债务人是有意图逃避法律责任,并会逃离香港,故便发出禁制令禁止债务人出境;Quantum赔偿金额在民事诉讼中,特别是一些个人受伤赔偿的案件,很多时候,被告都会承应责任,但至于责任要负多少来制定一个赔偿金额便是这个Quantum的问题;Question of fact事实问题完全由事实为根据,与法律无关,须经由法庭所判决;例如在强奸案中,受害人指被被告强奸,而被告则指出性行为乃经受害人同意,所以这案件的事实问题是有性行为发生,但至于有没有强奸就涉及法律问题;Question of Law法律问题若果裁断是根据事实问题而作出,除非有很特别的情况,否则很难可以从上诉法庭推审下级法庭的裁断;但法律问题就不同,诉讼当事人一般都可以就法律问题提出上诉;Quilt enjoyment平静享受的权利平静享受的权利,一般出现于租约内,就算租约内没有明显条款规定业主要提供一平静享受的环境,这个权利都可以作为一般租务住客的隐含条款;Reckless driving鲁莽驾驶鲁莽驾驶有别于不小心驾驶careless driving,鲁莽驾驶的情况比较严重,包括伤人及损毁财物等,刑罚比不小心驾驶重;Reconciliation和解通常出现于离婚案件中,当当事人委托律师办理离婚时,律师通常会签署一份和解书,表明律师责任只在替当事人办理离婚的申请,但没有向当事人提出和解的意见;Redemption赎回在楼宇按揭中,若借贷方打算将楼宇买出,他一定要先将楼宇从银行手中赎回,由于香港的楼宇买卖相当频繁,通常很少机会会先赎楼后卖出,大部份情况都是赎楼与卖出在同一天进行;Refresher fee大律师上庭之额外费用大律师上庭前,通常会与当事人议定一个refresher fee即第一天上庭后的以后每天的费用;Registered office注册地址注册地址是指有限公司在公司注册处内所登记的地址;注册地址在法律上有相当大的意义,因为根据公司法规定,若法律和司法文件送达到公司注册地址,这个送达便可以算是完成,除非有其它理由支持收件人没有收到文件的原因;Relief。
♦implied term 默示条款合约中并没有明文订立的条款,但因为事实的需要,法例的规定或者有关行业的惯例,在合约中加诸的条款。
例如在雇佣合约中,虽然没有订明雇员必须尽忠职守,勤力工作,但其实这些条件,经已默示在合约当中,被视为有效的条款。
♦infringement 侵犯权利一般指侵犯了他人的民事权利,多用于知识产权的侵占行为。
例:using a registered trade mark without its owner’s permission is a serious infringement of the owner’s proprietary right. 盗用他人注册商标是一项严重的侵犯权利行为。
♦injunction 禁制令禁制令是法庭颁下禁止某项行为或不行为,受禁人必须遵从命令的指示,例如不可以接近某人等,或者清除所有非法僭建物等,不理会禁制令等于是藐视法庭,可以被判罚款甚至监禁。
♦instrument 文书,文件处理法律事务及作为证据的文件,例如股份转让时用的转让文书(instrument of transfer)。
♦inter alia 其它以外在法律文件书信中,经常会出现这个拉丁词,意思是在“当中列出这一项”,即是尚有其它事项。
interim order 暂时命令指在诉讼过程中暂时性的命令,例如在离婚呈请中法庭所颁下的暂时性赡养费令(interim maintenance order),在案件审理后,法庭再判定永久性命令,以取代该暂时性命令。
interlocutory 中途的指令法庭在诉讼过程中发出的指令,例如指定双方在14天内交换文件清单,或者批准其中一方申请延期将文件送交法庭存盘等。
intestacy 无遗嘱逝世后没有留下遗嘱,死者的遗产便须要按照<<无遗嘱者遗产条例>>分配,但在进行遗产分配之前,在该条例中指明合资格的人,应先向高等法院的遗产承办处申请成为死者的遗产承办人(administrator),然后负责分配死者的遗产。
ab initio从开始形容事件由开始时的状态,例如合约从开始便已经无效,称为“the contract was void ab initio”。
accused被告accused通常指刑事案件的被告,民事诉讼的被告称为defendant;而申索案件中的被索偿的一方称为respondent(答辩人)。
acquittal罪名不成立刑事案件经审讯后,被告罪名不成立被释放,称为“the accused is acquitted”。
acquittal是名词。
adjourn休庭,押后法庭在聆讯途中暂时休庭30分钟,称为“adjourned for 30 minutes”。
如要将聆讯押后再排期重审,称为“adjourned to a date to be fixed”。
affidavit誓章以宗教仪式发誓后签署的书面证供称为affidavit,而以真诚发誓所签署的证供称为affirmation,两者的格式用词有些分别,但主要作用相同。
allegation声称诉讼陈词中未经证实的声言,例如:the plaintiff alleged that his loss was due to the defendant’s breach of contract,原告声称他的损失是被告违约所引致。
allegation是名词。
assault殴打,侵犯以武力侵犯他人的行为,称为assault,一般性质的殴打,称为“common assault”;严重者称为aggravated assault;未经许可触摸他人身体,可以被控非礼,称为indecent assault。
as is现状“as is”常用于物业买卖的合约中,指物业的现状。
“the property is and will be sold on an “as is” basis …”即物业将会以其现状出售。
bail保释刑事案中的疑犯或被告,可以暂时被释放。
保释可以是有条件的,也可以是无条件的。
法律英语词汇大全(完美版)一、基本法律词汇1. 法律(Law):国家制定或认可的,用以规范社会成员行为、调整社会关系的规范总称。
2. 法规(Regulation):国家行政机关根据法律制定的具有普遍约束力的规范性文件。
3. 条款(Clause):法律、合同等文件中的具体规定。
4. 判决(Judgment):法院对案件审理后作出的结论性意见。
5. 律师(Lawyer):依法取得执业资格,为社会提供法律服务的专业人员。
6. 诉讼(Lawsuit):当事人依法向法院提起的请求保护自己合法权益的程序。
二、刑法相关词汇1. 犯罪(Crime):违反刑法规定,危害社会,依法应受刑罚处罚的行为。
2. 罪名(Charge):对犯罪嫌疑人指控的具体犯罪名称。
3. 刑罚(Punishment):国家对犯罪分子实行的一种强制措施,包括主刑和附加刑。
4. 刑事责任(Criminal Responsibility):犯罪分子因其犯罪行为所应承担的法律责任。
5. 量刑(Sentencing):法院根据犯罪分子的犯罪事实、情节和悔罪表现,依法决定刑罚的种类和幅度。
三、民法相关词汇1. 合同(Contract):当事人之间设立、变更、终止民事法律关系的协议。
2. 权利(Right):法律赋予当事人实现某种利益的可能性。
3. 义务(Obligation):当事人依法应承担的责任。
4. 赔偿(Compensation):因侵权行为给他人造成损失,依法应承担的经济补偿责任。
5. 继承(Inheritance):继承人依法取得被继承人遗产的法律制度。
四、商法相关词汇1. 公司(Company):依法设立的,以营利为目的的企业法人。
2. 股东(Shareholder):持有公司股份,享有公司权益和承担公司风险的人。
3. 破产(Bankruptcy):债务人因不能清偿到期债务,经法院宣告破产,对其财产进行清算的法律程序。
4. 票据(Bill):具有一定格式,载明一定金额,由出票人签发,无条件支付给持票人或指定人的有价证券。
♦ab initio 从开始
形容事件由开始时的状态,例如合约从开始便已经无效,称为“the contract was void ab initio”。
♦accused 被告
accused通常指刑事案件的被告,民事诉讼的被告称为defendant;而申索案件中的被索偿的一方称为respondent(答辩人)。
♦acquittal 罪名不成立
刑事案件经审讯后,被告罪名不成立被释放,称为“the accused is acquitted”。
acquittal是名词。
♦adjourn 休庭
押后法庭在聆讯途中暂时休庭30分钟,称为“adjourned for 30 minutes”。
如要将聆讯押后再排期重审,称为“adjourned to a date to be fixed”。
♦affidavit 誓章
以宗教仪式发誓后签署的书面证供称为affidavit,而以真诚发誓所签署的证供称为affirmation,两者的格式用词有些分别,但主要作用相同。
法律英语词汇手册对于法律从业者和研究法律的学生来说,掌握法律英语词汇是非常重要的。
随着全球化的推进,法律领域的国际交流变得越来越频繁,因此理解和运用法律英语词汇已经成为法律人士必备的能力之一。
本篇文章将为您提供一个法律英语词汇手册,帮助您更好地掌握法律英语词汇。
以下是一些常见的法律英语词汇及其解释:1. Jurisdiction(管辖权):指法院对某一案件或法律问题的审理权力。
根据不同的法律制度和条款,不同的法院可以拥有不同的管辖权。
2. Plaintiff(原告):在诉讼过程中提起诉讼并要求赔偿的一方。
3. Defendant(被告):在诉讼过程中被起诉的一方。
4. Evidence(证据):用于支持或反驳某种主张的材料或信息。
5. Contract(合同):一种法律文件,用于明确和规范双方之间的权益和义务。
6. Tort(侵权行为):指通过不当行为侵犯他人权益的行为,包括但不限于人身伤害和财产损失等。
7. Breach of contract(违约):当一方未能履行合同中的某一条款或条款时,就构成了合同的违约。
8. Intellectual property(知识产权):指人们的智力成果所享有的法律保护,包括专利、商标、版权和商业秘密等。
9. Negligence(过失):指因为疏忽或不注意而造成他人受损的行为。
10. Bail(保释):在诉讼过程中,被告在审判前被释放出庭的措施。
11. Jurisprudence(法学):对法律原则和规则的研究和解释。
12. Statute(法令):由立法机关通过的正式的法律文件。
13. Precedent(先例):指法院在判决案件时参考的先前类似案例,用于指导判决。
14. Arbitration(仲裁):通过独立的仲裁员对争议进行调解和解决。
15. Litigation(诉讼):通过法律程序解决争议或争端。
以上仅是法律英语词汇手册中的一小部分内容,希望对您有所帮助。
法律英语词汇必备讲解法律英语词汇学习的基本方法一、法律英语词汇学习的必要性及难点法律英语难学,基本上是当代中国法律人的一个共识。
难在何处呢?可能法律英语词汇的掌握就是第一只拦路虎。
当我们打开英文法律文件时,经常会发现非常难以理解,即使是常用的合同条款中也充斥着大量的难以理解的词汇。
例如:“Limits on Indemnification. No indemnification is required under Section [insert the number of the Section in which Seller agrees to indemnify Buyer] until the aggregate amount of Losses [plus Litigation Expenses] exceeds [$500,000], and then only for the amount by which the aggregate amount of Indemnifiable Losses exceeds [$500,000].”学过法律英语的人都知道,这个句子实际上在法律英语句子中是比较短小和简单的一句,语法问题难不倒我们,难得是里面的几个关键的词汇,比如indemnification、indemnify 、Indemnifiable 、aggregate、Litigation以及exceed。
如果我们知晓上面的列举的几个所谓法律英语词汇的含义分别是:补偿(名词)、补偿(动词)、补偿(形容词)、总计、诉讼、超出,那么本句就很容易理解。
它的含义实际上就是指:“补偿限额。
只有损失总额(加上诉讼费用)超过($500,000)时,才能根据第(插入卖方同意补偿卖方的条款编号)条要求补偿,此时也只对可补偿费用中超过($500,000)的部分进行补偿。
”除了生僻的词汇以外,我们还有注意大量的我们平时熟悉但不能按照普通英语含义理解的词汇。
法律英语专业词汇汇总一、律师部分案件受理费court acceptance fee案情重大、复杂important and complicated case案由cause of action案子case包揽诉讼monopolize lawsuits被告defendant(用于民事、行政案件);the accused (用于刑事案件)被上诉人appellee被诉人respondent; defendant本案律师councel pro hac vice本地律师local counsel毕业证diploma; graduation certificate辩护词defense; pleadings辩护律师defense lawyer辩护要点point of defense辩护意见submission财产租赁property tenancy裁定书order; ruling; determination (才旨终审裁定)裁决书award (用于仲裁)裁决书verdict (用于陪审团)采信的证据admitted evidence; established evidence草拟股权转让协议drafting agreement of assignment of equity interests查阅法条source legal provisions产权转让conveyancing出差go on errand; go on a business trip出国深造further study abroad出具律师意见书providing legal opinion出示的证据exhibit出庭appear in court传票summons; subpoena答辩状answer; reply代理词representation代理房地产买卖与转让agency for sale and transfer of real estate代理公证、商标、专利、、房地产、工商登记agency for notarization, trademark, patent, copyright, and registration of real estate and incorporations代理彳中裁agency for arbitration代写文书drafting of legal instruments待决案件pending case当事人陈述statement of the parties第三人third party吊销执业证revocation of lawyer license调查笔录investigative record调查取证investigation and gathering for evidence调解mediation调解书mediation二审案件case of trial of second instance发送电子邮件send法律顾问legal consultants法律意见书legal opinions法律援助legal aid法律咨询legal counseling法庭division; tribunal法学博士学位LL.D (Doctor of Laws)法学会law society法学课程legal courses法学硕士学位LL.M (Master of Laws)法学系faculty of law; department of law法学学士学位LL.B (Bachelor of Laws)J.D ( juris doctor缩写,美国法学学士)法学院law school法院公告court announcement反诉状counterclaim房地产律师real estate lawyer; real property lawyer 非合伙律师associate lawyer非诉讼业务non-litigation practice高级合伙人senior partner高级律师senior lawyer各类协议和合同agreements and contracts公安局Public Security Bureau公司上市company listing公诉案件public-prosecuting case公证书notarial certificate国办律师事务所state-run law office国际贸易international trade国际诉讼international litigation国内诉讼domestic litigation合伙律师partner lawyer合伙制律师事务所law office in partner-ship; cooperating law ofice 合同审查、草拟、修改contract review, drafting and revision会见当事人interview a client会见才□罪嫌疑人interview a criminal suspect兼职律师part-time lawyer监狱prison; jail鉴定结论expert conclusion缴纳会费membership dues举证责任burden of proof; onus probandi决定书decision 勘验笔录record of request看守所detention house抗诉书protest控告人accuser; complainant跨国诉讼transnational litigation劳动争议labor disputes劳动争议仲裁委员会arbitration committee for labor disputes 劳改场reform-through-labor farm; prison farm利害关系人interested party; party in interest律管处处长director of lawyer control department律师lawyer attorney; attorney at law律师惩戒lawyer discipline律师法Lawyer Law律师费lawyer fee律师函lawyer's letter律师见证lawyer attestation/authentication律师见证书lawyer certification/authentication/witness律师卷宗lawyer's docile; file律师刊物lawyer's journal律师联系电话contact phone number of a lawyer律师事务所law office; law firm律师收费billing by lawyer律师网站lawyer website律师协会National Bar (Lawyer) Association律师协会会员member of Lawyer Association律师协会秘书长secretary general of Bar (Lawyer) Association 律师协会章程Articles of Lawyer Assocition律师业务室lawyer's office律师执业证lawyer license律师助理assistant lawyer律师资格考试bar exam; lawyer qualification exam律师资格证lawyer qualification certificate民事案件civil case民事调解civil mediation民事诉讼civil litigation派出所local police station; police substation判决judgement(用于民事、行政案件);determination(用于终审);sentence(用于刑事案);verdict(由陪审团作出)旁证circumstantial evidence企业章程articles of association; articles of incorporation; bylaw 企业重组corporate restructure起诉状information; indictment取消律师资格disbar全国律师代表大会National Lawyer Congress缺席宣判pronounce judgement or determination by default人民法院People's Court人民检察院People's Procuratorate认定事实determine facts上诉案件case of trial of second instance; appellate case上诉人appellant上诉状petition for appeal涉夕卜律师lawyers specially handling foreign-related matters申请复议administrative reconsideration petition申请力口入律师协会application for admission to Law Association 申请人petitioner; claimant申诉案件appeal case申诉人(仲裁)claimant; plaintiff申诉书appeal for revision, petition for revision实习律师apprentice lawyer; lawyer in probation period实习律师证certificate of apprentice lawyer视听证据audio-visual reference material适用法律apply law to facts受害人victim书证documentary evidence司法部Ministry of Justice司法建议书judicial advise司法局Judicial Bureau司法局副局长deputy director of Judicial Bureau司法局局长director of Judicial Bureau司法统一考试uniform judicial exam送达service of process诉讼litigation; action; lawsuit诉讼当事人litigation party; litigious party诉讼业务litigation practice诉状complaint; bill of complaint; statement of claim 推销法律月艮务promote/market legal service外国律师事务所foreign law office委托代理合同authorized representation contract 委托代理人agent ad litem; entrusted agent委托授权书power of attorney物证material evidence嫌疑人criminal suspect项目融资project financing项目谈判project negotiating刑事案件criminal case刑事诉讼criminal litigation行政诉讼administrative litigation休庭adjourn the court; recess宣判pronounce judgement; determination宣誓书affidavit业务进修attendance in advanced studies一审案件case of trial of first instance与国夕卜律师事务所交流communicate with foreign law firms 原告plaintiff证券律师securities lawyer证人证言testimony of witness; affidavit执行笔录execution record执业登十己registration for practice执业范围scope of practice; sphere of practice; practice area 执业申请practice application执业证年检annual inspection of lawyer license仲裁arbitration仲裁案件arbitration case仲裁机构arbitration agency专门律师specialized lawyer专职律师professional lawyer; full-time lawyer撰写法律文章write legal thesis资信调查credit standing investigation自诉案件private prosecuting case二、诉讼法律案件case案件发回remand/rimit a case (to a low court)案件名称title of a case案卷材料materials in the case案情陈述书statement of case案夕卜人person other than involved in the case案值total value involved in the case败诉方losing party办案人员personnel handling a case保全措施申请书application for protective measures 报案report a case (to security authorities)被告defendant; the accused被告人最后陈述final statement of the accused被告向原告第二次答辩rejoinder被害人victim被害人的诉讼代理人victim's agent ad litem被上诉人respondent; the appellee被申请人respondent被申请执行人party against whom execution is filed 被执行人person subject to enforcement本诉principal action必要共同诉讼人party in necessary co-litigation变通管辖jurisdiction by accord辩护defense辩护律师defense attorney/lawyer辩护人defender辩护证据exculpatory evidence; defense evidence辩论阶段stage of court debate驳回反诉dismiss a counterclaim; reject a counterclaim驳回请求deny/dismiss a motion驳回上诉、维持原判reject/dismiss the appeal and sustain the original judgement/ruling驳回诉讼dismiss an action/suit驳回通知书notice of dismissal驳回自诉dismiss/reject a private prosecution驳回自诉裁定书ruling of dismissing private-prosecuting case补充答辩supplementary answer补充判决supplementary judgement补充侦查supplementary investigation不公开审理trial in camera不立案决定书written decision of no case-filing不批准逮捕决定书written decision of disapproving an arrest不起诉nol pros不予受理起诉通知书notice of dismissal of accusation by the court 财产保全申请书application for attachment; application for property preservation 裁定order; determination ( 指最终裁定)裁定管辖jurisdiction by order裁定书order; ruling裁决书award采信的证据admitted evidence查封seal up撤回上诉withdraw appeal撤诉withdraw a lawsuit撤销立案revoke a case placed on file撤销原判,发回重审rescind the original judgement and remand the case ro the original court for retrial出示的证据exhibit除权判决invalidating judgement (for negotiable instruments)传唤summon; call传闻证据hearsay答辩answer; reply答辩陈述书statement of defence答辩状answer; reply大法官associate justices; justice大检察官deputy chief procurator代理控告agency for accusation代理申诉agency for appeal代理审判员acting judge代为申请取保候审agency for application of the bail pending trial with restricted liberty of moving弹劾式诉讼accusatory procedure当事人陈述statement of the parties当庭宣判pronouncement of judgement or sentence in court地区管辖territorial jurisdiction地区检察分院inter-mediate People's Procuratorate第三人third party调查笔录record of investigation定期宣判pronouncement of judgement or sentence later on a fixed date定罪证据incriminating evidence; inculpatory evidence冻结freeze督促程序procedure of supervision and urge独任庭sole-judge bench独任仲裁员sole arbitrator对妨碍民事诉讼的强制措施compulsory measures against impairment of civil action对席判决judgement inter parties二审trial of second instance二审案件case of trial of second insurance 罚款impose a fine法定证据statutory legal evidence法定证据制度system of legal evidence法官judges法警bailiff; court police法律文书legal instruments/papers法律援助legal aid法律咨询legal consulting法庭辩论court debate法庭调查court investigation法庭审理笔录court record法庭审理方式mode of court trial法庭庭长chief judge of a tribunal法院court法院公告court announcement反诉counterclaim反诉答辩状answer with counterclaim反诉状counterclaim犯罪嫌疑人criminal suspect附带民事诉讼案件a collateral civil action附带民事诉讼被告defendant of collateral civil action复查reexamination; recheck复验reinspect高级法官senior judge高级检察官senior procurator高级人民法院Higher People's Court告诉案件case of complaint告诉才处理的案件case accepted at complaint告诉申诉庭complaint and petition division工读学校work-study school for delinquent children公安部Ministry of Public Security公安分局public security sub-bureau公安厅public security bureau at the levels of provinces, autonomous regions and cities under direct jurisdiction of central government公开审理trial in public公开审判制度open trial system公示催告程序procedure of public summons for exhortation公诉案件public-prosecuting case公诉词statement of public prosecution公证机关public notary office共同管辖concurrent jurisdiction管辖jurisdiction国际司法协助international judicial assistance海事法院maritime court合议庭collegial panel合议庭评议笔录record of deliberating by the collegiate bench和解composition; compromise核对诉讼当事人身份check identity of litigious parties恢复执行resumption of execution回避withdrawal混合式诉讼mixed action基层人民法院basic People's Court羁押期限term in custody级另U管辖subject matter jurisdiction of courts at different levels 监视居住living at home under surveillance监狱prison检察官procurator检察权prosecutorial power检察委员会procuratorial/prosecutorial committee检察院procuratorate检察院派出机构outpost tribunal of procuratorate简易程序summary procedure鉴定结论expert conclusion经济审判庭economic tribunal径行半U决direct adjudication without sessions; judgement without notice纠问式诉讼inquisitional proceedings拘传summon by force; summon by warrant拘留所detention house举才艮information/report of an offence举证责任burden of proof; onus probandi决定书decision军事法院military procuratorate开庭审理open a court session开庭通知notice of court session勘验笔录record of inquest看守所detention house可执行财产executable property控告式诉讼accusatory proceedings控诉证据incriminating evidence控诉职能accusation function才口才甲distrain on; attachment扣押物distress/distraint宽限期period of grace劳动争议彳中裁申请书p etition for labor dispute arbitration劳改场reform-through-labor farm劳教所reeducation-through-labor office类推判决的核准程序procedure for examination and approval of analogical sentence累积证据cumulative evidence立案报告place a case on file立案管辖functional jurisdiction立案决定书written decision of case-filing立案侦查report of placing a case on file利害关系人interested party临时裁决书interim award律师见证书lawyer's written attestation; lawyer's written authentication 律师事务所law office; law firm律师提前介入prior intervention by lawyer免于刑事处分exemption from criminal penalty民事案件civil case民事审判庭civil tribunal民事诉讼civil action民事诉讼法Civil Procedural Law扭送seize and deliver a suspect to the police派出法庭detached tribunal派出所police station判决judgement; determination判决书judgement; determination; verdict (指陪审团作出的)旁证circumstantial evidence陪审员juror批准逮捕approval of arrest破案clear up a criminal case; solve a criminal case破产bankruptcy; insolvency普通程序general/ordinary procedure普通管辖general jurisdiction企业法人破产还债程序procedure of bankruptcy and liquidation of a business corporation起诉filing of a lawsuit起诉sue; litigate; prosecute; institution of proceedings起诉状indictment; information区县检察院grassroots People's Procuratorate取保候审the bail pending trial with restricted liberty of moving缺席判决default judgement人民调解委员会People's Mediation Committee认定财产无主案件cases concerning determination of property as qwnerless认定公民无民事行为能力、限制民事行为能力案件cases concerning determination of a citizen as incompetent or with limited disposing capacity上诉appeal上诉人appellant上诉状petition for appeal少管所juvenile prison社会治安综合治理comprehensive treatment of social security 涉夕卜案件cases involving foreign interests涉夕卜民事诉讼foreign civil proceedings涉夕卜刑事诉讼foreign criminal proceedings申请人applicant; petitioner申请书petition; application for arbitration申请执行人execution applicant申诉人宣誓书claimant's affidavit of authenticity申诉书appeal for revision; petition for revision神示证据制度system of divinity evidence神示制度ordeal system审查案件case review审查并决定逮捕examine and decide arrest审查起诉阶段stage of review and prosecution审理通知书notice of hearing审判长presiding judge审判长宣布开庭presiding judge announce court in session审判管辖adjudgement/trial jurisdiction审判监督程序procedure for trial supervision审判委员会judicial committee审判员judge审问式诉讼inquisitional proceedings生效判决裁定legally effective judgement/order胜诉方winning party省市自治区检察院higher People's Procuratorate失踪和死亡宣告declaration of disappearance and death实(质)体证据substantial evidence实物证据tangible evidence实在证据real evidence示意证据demonstrative evidence视听证据audio-visual evidence收容所collecting post; safe retreat首席大法官chief justice首席检察官chief procurator受害人的近亲属victim's immediate family受理acceptance受理刑事案件审批表registration form of acceptance of criminal case 受送达人the addressee书记员court clerk书十己员宣读法庭仑己律court clerk reads court rules书证documentary evidence司法部Ministry of Justice司法机关judicial organizatons司法警察judicial police司法局judicial bureau司法厅judicial bureau at the levels of provinces, autonomous regions, and cities under direct jurisdiction of central government司法协助judicial assistance死缓的复核judicial review of death sentence with a retrieve死刑复核程序procedure for judicial review of death sentence死刑复核权competence for judicial review of death sentence送达service of process送达传票service of summons/subpoena送达诉状service of bill of complaint搜查search诉sue; suit; action; lawsuit诉前财产保全property attachment prior to lawsuit诉讼litigation; lawsuit; sue; action诉讼保全attachment诉讼参力口人litigious participants诉讼代理人agent ad litem诉状complaint; bill of complaint; state of claim特别程序special procedures提起公诉institute a public prosecution铁路法院railway court铁路检察院railroad transport procuratorate庭审程序procedure of court trial通缉wanted for arrest投案appearance退回补充侦查return of a case for supplementary investigation委托辩护entrusted defense未成年人法庭juvenile court无行政职务的法官associate judge无正当理由拒不至 ^庭r efuse to appear in court without due cause 无罪判决acquittal, finding of " not guilty "物证material evidence先予执行申请书application for advanced execution先予执行advanced execution刑事案件criminal case刑事拘留criminal detention刑事强制拘留criminal coercive/compulsory measures刑事审判庭criminal tribunal刑事诉讼criminal proceedings刑事诉讼法Criminal Procedural Law刑事自诉状self-incriminating criminal complaint行政案件administrative case行政审判庭administrative tribunal行政诉讼administrative proceedings行政诉讼法Administrative Procedural Law宣告失踪、宣告死亡案件cases concerning the declaration of disappearance and death宣判笔录record of rendition of judgement选民资格案件cases concerning qualifications of voters询问证人inquire/question a witness训诫reprimand讯问笔录record of interrogation询问犯罪嫌疑人interrogate criminal suspect言词证据verbal evidence要求传唤证人申请书application for subpoena一裁终局arbitration award shall be final and binding一审trial of first instance一审案件case of trial of first instance应诉通知书notice of respondence to action有罪判决sentence; finding of "guilty"予审preliminary examinantion; pretrial原告plaintiff院长court president阅卷笔录record of file review (by lawyers)再审案件case of retrial再审申请书petition for retrial责令具结悔过order to sign a statement of repentance债权人会议creditors' meeting侦查阶段investigation stage侦查终结conclusion of investigation征询原、被告最后意见consulting final opinion of the plaintiff and defendant证据evidence证据保全preserve evidence证据保全申请书application for evidence preservation证人证言testimony of witness; affidavit支付令payment order/warrant知识产权庭intellectual property tribunal执行程序procedure execution执行逮捕execution of arrest执行和解conciliation of execution执行回转recovery of execution执行庭executive tribunal执行异议objection to execution执行员executor执行中止discontinuance of execution执行终结conclusion of execution指定辩护appointed defense指定仲裁员声明statement of appointing arbitrator中级人民法院intermediate People's Court中途退庭retreat during court session without permission 仲裁arbitration仲裁被诉人respondent; defendant仲裁裁决award仲裁申请书arbitration彳中裁申诉人claimant; plaintiff仲裁庭arbitration tribunal彳中裁委员会arbitration committee彳中裁协议arbitration agreement; clauses of arbitration 仲裁员arbitrator主诉检察官principal procurator助理检察官assistant procurator助理审判员assistant judge专门法院special court专门管辖specific jurisdiction专属管辖exclusive jurisdiction追究开U事责任investigate for criminal responsibility自首confession to justice自诉案件private-prosecuting case自行辩护self-defense自由心证制度doctrine of discretional evaluation of evidence 自侦案件self-investigating case最高人民法院the Supreme People's Court最高人民检察院the Supreme People's Procuratorate最后裁决书final award三、民事法律法律渊源source of law带9定法statute判例法case law; precedent普通法common law特另U法special law固有法native law; indigenous law继受法adopted law实体法substantial law程序法procedural law原贝U法fundamental law例外法exception law司法解释judicial interpretation习惯法customary law公序良俗public order and moral自然法natural law罗马法Roman Law私法private law公法public law市民法jus civile万民法jus gentium民法法系civil law system英美法系system of Anglo-American law 大陆法系civil law system普通法common law大陆法continental law罗马法系Roman law system英吉利法English law衡平法equity; law of equity日尔曼法Germantic law教会法ecclesiastical law寺院法canon law伊斯兰法Islamic law民法法律规范norm of civil law授权规范authorization norm禁止规范forbidding norm义务性规范obligatory norm命令性规范commanding norm民法基本原贝U fundamental principles of civil law 平等原贝U principle of equality自愿原贝U principle of free will公平原贝U principle of justice等价有偿原贝U principle of equal value exchange 诚实信用原贝U principle of good faith行为act作为act不作为omission合法行为lawful act违法行为unlawful act民事权利权利能力civil right绝对权absolute right相对权relative right优先权right of priority先买权preemption原权antecedent right救济权right of relief支配权right of dominion请求权right of claim物上请求权right of claim for real thing形成权right of formation撤销权right of claiming cancellation否认权right of claiming cancellation解除权right of renouncement代位权subrogated right选择权right of choice承认权right of admission终止权right of termination抗辩权right of defense一时性抗辩权momentary right of defense永久性抗辩权permanent counter-argument right不安抗辩权unstable counter-argument right同时履行抗辩权defense right of simultaneous performance 既得权tested right期待权expectant right专属权exclusive right非专属权non-exclusive right人身权禾U personal right人权human right人格权right of personality生命健康权right of life and health姓名权right of name名称权right of name肖像权right of portraiture自由权right of freedom名誉权right reputation隐私权right of privacy私生活秘密权right of privacy贞操权virginity right身份权right of status亲权parental power; parental right亲属权right of relative探视权visitation right配偶权right of spouse荣誉权right of honor权利的保护protection of right公力救济public protection私力救济self-protection权禾U本位standard of right社会本位standard of society无责任行为irresponsible right正当防卫justifiable right; ligitimate defence防卫行为act of defence自为行为self-conducting act紧急避险act of rescue; necessity自助行为act of self-help不可抗力force majeure意夕卜事件accident行为能力capacity for act意思能力capacity of will民事行为civil act意思表示declaration of intention意思表示一致meeting of minds; consensus完全行为能力perfect capacity for act限制行为能力restrictive capacity for act准禁治产人quasi-interdicted person保佐protection自治产人minor who is capable of administering his own capacity 无行为能力incapacity for act禁治产人interdicted person自然人natural person公民citizen住所domicile居所residence经常居住地frequently dwelling place户籍census register监护guardianship个体工商户individual business农村承包经营户leaseholding rural household合伙partnership合伙人partner合伙协议partnership agreement合伙财产property of partnership合伙债务debt of partnership入伙join partnership退伙withdrawal from partnership合伙企业partnership business establishment个人合伙partnership法人合伙partnership of legal person特另U合伙special partnership普通合伙general partnership有限合伙limited partnership民事合伙civil partnership隐名合伙sleeping partnership; dormant partnership 私营企业private enterprise; proprietorship法人legal person企业法人legal body of enterprise企业集团group of enterprise关联企业affiliate enterprise个人独资企业individual business establishment国有独资企业solely state-owned enterprise中夕卜合资企业Sino-foreign joint venture enterprise中夕卜合作企业Sino-foreign contractual enterprise社团法人legal body of mass organization财团法人legal body of financial group联营joint venture法人型联营association of legal persons合伙型联营coordinated management in partnership协作型联营cooperation-type coordinated management合作社cooperative民事法律行为civil legal act单方民事法律行为unilateral civil legal act双方民事法律行为bilateral civil legal act多方民事法律行为joint act civil legal act有偿民事法律行为civil legal act with consideration无偿民事法律行为civil legal act without consideration; civil legal act without award实践性民事法律行为practical civil legal act诺成性民事法律行为consental civil legal act要式民事法律行为formal civil legal act不要式民事法律行为informal civil legal act要因民事法律行为causative civil legal act不要因民事法律行为noncausative civil legal act主民事法律行为principal civil legal act从民事法律行为accessory civil legal act附条件民事法律行为conditional civil legal act附期限民事法律行为civil legal act with term生前民事法律行为civil legal act before death死后民事法律行为civil legal act after death准民事法律行为quasi-civil legal act无效行为ineffective act可撤销民事行为revocable civil act违法行为illegal act; unlawful act侵权行为tort欺诈fraud胁迫duress乘人之危taking advantage of others' precarious position以合法形式掩盖非法目的legal form concealing illegal intention 恶意串通malicious collaboration重大误解gross misunderstanding显失公平obvious unjust误传misrepresentation代理agency本人principal被代理人principal受托人trustee代理人agent本代理人original agent法定代理人statutory agent; legal agent 委托代理人agent by mandate指定代理人designated agent复代理人subagent再代理人subagent转代理人subagent代理权right of agency授权行为act of authorization授权委托书power of attorney代理行为act of agency委托代理agency by mandate本代理original agency复代理subagency次代理subagency有权代理authorized agency表见代理agency by estoppel; apparent agency律师代理agency by lawyer普通代理general agency全权代理general agency全权代理委托书general power of attorney共同代理joint agency独家代理sole agency居间brokerage居间人broker行纪commission; broker house信托trust日寸效time limit; prescription; limitation时效中止suspension of prescription/limitation时效中断interruption of limitation/prescription时效延长extension of limitation取得时效acquisitive prescription时效终止lapse of time; termination of prescription 期日date期间term涉夕卜民事关系civil relations with foreign elements 冲突规范rule of conflict准据法applicable law; governing law反致renvoi; remission转致transmission识别identification公共秩序保留reserve of public order法律规避evasion of law国籍nationality国有化nationalization法律责任legal liability民事责任civil liability/responsibility行政责任administrative liability/responsibility刑事责任criminal liability/responsibility违约责任liability of breach of contract; responsibility of default 有限责任limited liability无限责任unlimited liability按份责任shared/several liability连带责任joint and several liability过失责任liability for negligence; negligent liability过错责任fault liability; liability for fault单独过错sole fault共同过错joint fault混合过丰昔mixed fault被害人过错victim's fault第三人过错third party's fault推定过错presumptive fault恶意bad faith; malice故意deliberate intention; intention; willfulness过失negligence重大过失gross negligence疏忽大意的过失careless and inadvertent negligence 过于自信的过失negligence with undue assumption 损害事实facts of damage有形损失tangible damage/loss无形损失intangible damage/loss财产损失property damage/loss人身损失personal damage/loss精 1 申损失spiritual damage/loss民事责任承担方式methods of bearing civil liability 停止侵害cease the infringing act排除妨碍exclusion of hindrance; removal of obstacle 消除危险elimination of danger返还财产restitution of property恢复原状restitution; restitution of original state赔偿损失compensate for a loss; indemnify for a loss支付违约金payment of liquidated damage消除影响eliminate ill effects恢复名誉rehabilitate one's reputation赔礼道歉extend a formal apology物权jus ad rem; right in rem; real right物权制度real right system; right in rem system一物一权原贝U the principal of One thing, One Right物权法定主义principal of legality of right in rem物权公示原贝U principal of public summons of right in rem 物权法jus rerem物property生产资料raw material for production生活资料means of livelihood; means of subsistence流通物res in commercium; a thing in commerce限制流通物limited merchantable thing禁止流通物res extra commercium; a thing out of commerce 资产asset固定资产fixed asset流动资产current asset; floating asset动产movables; chattel不动产immovable; real estate特定物res certae; a certain thing种类物genus; indefinite thing可分物res divisibiles; divisible things不可分物res indivisibiles; indivisible things主物res capitalis; a principal thing从物res accessoria; an accessory thing原物original thing孳息fruits天然孳息natural fruits法定孳息legal fruits无主物bona vacatia; vacant goods; ownerless goods 遗失物lost property漂流物drifting object埋藏物fortuna; hidden property货币currency证券securities债券bond物权分类classification of right in rem/real right自物权jus in re propria; right of full ownership所有权dominium; ownership; title所有权凭证document of title; title of ownership占有权dominium utile; equitable ownership使用权right of use; right to use of收益权right to earnings; right to yields处分权right of disposing; jus dispodendi善意占有possession in good faith恶意占有malicious possession按份共有several possession共同共有joint possession他物权jus in re aliena用益物权real right for usufruct使用权right to use; right of use土地使用权right to the use of land林权forest ownership采矿权mining ownership经营权managerial authority; power of management承包经营权right to contracted management相邻权neighboring right; relatedright地上权superficies永佃权jus emphyteuticum; right to landed estate granted in perpetuity through a contract地役权servitude; easement人役权servitus personarum; personal servitude担保物权real right for security物的担保security for thing。
法律英语常用词汇注解(doc 40页)常用法律英语词汇注解Ab initio从开始形容事件由开始时的状态,例如合约从开始便已经无效,称为“The contract was void ab initio”。
Accused被告Accused通常指刑事案件的被告,民事诉讼的被告称为Defendant;而申索案件中的被索偿的一方称为Respondent(答辩人)。
Acquittal罪名不成立刑事案件经审讯后,被告罪名不成立被释放,称为“The accused is acquitted”。
Acquittal是名词。
AdjournAs is现状“As is”常用于物业买卖的合约中,指物业的现状。
“The property is and will be sold on an “as is”basis …”即物业将会以其现状出售。
Bail保释刑事案中的疑犯或被告,可以暂时被释放。
保释可以是有条件的,也可以是无条件的。
保释的条件包括缴交指定金额的保释金、提供人事担保及定时向警署报到等。
Balance of Probabilities可能性较高者这是民事案件中举证的标准,法庭对原告和被告所提出的证据,认为那一方的可信性较高,便会判处该方胜诉。
相对刑事案而言,民事案中败诉的后果一般都只是经济利益,所以法庭对举证的要求,相对也较刑事案为低。
Beyond reasonable doubt无合理疑点这是刑事案件中举证的标准,控方向法庭提出的证据,必须是在合理的情况下并无疑点,法庭才会判处被告有罪。
刑事罪的后果对被告而言,较为严重,举证标准的要求也因此而较民事案严格,如果法庭认为证据有任何疑点,都会将疑点的利益“benefit of doubt”归于被告。
Binding有约束力的“binding”通常的解释是连结一起,但法律上则多用作有约束力的,例如:This provisional agreement is a binding contract。
法律英语专业词汇汇总法律英语专业词汇汇总一、律师部分案件受理费 court acceptance fee案情重大、复杂 important and complicated case案由 cause of action案子 case包揽诉讼 monopolize lawsuits被告 defendant(用于民事、行政案件); the accused (用于刑事案件) 被上诉人 appellee被诉人 respondent; defendant本案律师 councel pro hac vice本地律师 local counsel毕业证 diploma; graduation certificate辩护词 defense; pleadings辩护律师 defense lawyer辩护要点 point of defense辩护意见 submission财产租赁 property tenancy裁定书 order; ruling; determination(指终审裁定)裁决书 award(用于仲裁)裁决书 verdict(用于陪审团)采信的证据 admitted evidence; established evidence草拟股权转让协议 drafting agreement of assignment of equity interests查阅法条 source legal provisions产权转让 conveyancing出差 go on errand; go on a business trip出国深造 further study abroad出具律师意见书 providing legal opinion出示的证据 exhibit出庭 appear in court传票 summons; subpoena答辩状 answer; reply代理词 representation代理房地产买卖与转让 agency for sale and transfer of real estate 代理公证、商标、专利、版权、房地产、工商登记 agency for notarization, trademark, patent, copyright, and registration of real estate and incorporations代理仲裁 agency for arbitration代写文书 drafting of legal instruments待决案件 pending case当事人陈述 statement of the parties第三人 third party吊销执业证 revocation of lawyer license调查笔录 investigative record调查取证 investigation and gathering for evidence 调解 mediation调解书 mediation二审案件 case of trial of second instance发送电子邮件 send e-mail法律顾问 legal consultants法律意见书 legal opinions法律援助 legal aid法律咨询 legal counseling法庭 division; tribunal法学博士学位 LL.D (Doctor of Laws)法学会 law society法学课程 legal courses法学硕士学位 LL.M (Master of Laws)法学系 faculty of law; department of law法学学士学位 LL.B (Bachelor of Laws)J.D ( juris doctor缩写,美国法学学士)法学院 law school法院公告 court announcement反诉状 counterclaim房地产律师 real estate lawyer; real property lawyer非合伙律师 associate lawyer非诉讼业务 non-litigation practice高级合伙人 senior partner高级律师 senior lawyer各类协议和合同 agreements and contracts公安局 Public Security Bureau公司上市 company listing公诉案件 public-prosecuting case公证书 notarial certificate国办律师事务所 state-run law office国际贸易 international trade国际诉讼 international litigation国内诉讼 domestic litigation合伙律师 partner lawyer合伙制律师事务所 law office in partner-ship; cooperating law ofice合同审查、草拟、修改 contract review, drafting and revision 会见当事人 interview a client会见犯罪嫌疑人 interview a criminal suspect兼职律师 part-time lawyer监狱 prison; jail鉴定结论 expert conclusion缴纳会费 membership dues举证责任 burden of proof; onus probandi决定书 decision勘验笔录 record of request看守所 detention house抗诉书 protest控告人 accuser; complainant跨国诉讼 transnational litigation劳动争议 labor disputes劳动争议仲裁委员会 arbitration committee for labor disputes 劳改场 reform-through-labor farm; prison farm利害关系人 interested party; party in interest律管处处长 director of lawyer control department律师 lawyer attorney; attorney at law律师惩戒 lawyer discipline律师法 Lawyer Law律师费 lawyer fee律师函 lawyer's letter律师见证 lawyer attestation/authentication律师见证书 lawyer certification/authentication/witness律师卷宗 lawyer's docile; file律师刊物 lawyer's journal律师联系电话 contact phone number of a lawyer律师事务所 law office; law firm律师收费 billing by lawyer律师网站 lawyer website律师协会 National Bar (Lawyer) Association律师协会会员 member of Lawyer Association律师协会秘书长 secretary general of Bar (Lawyer) Association 律师协会章程 Articles of Lawyer Assocition律师业务室 lawyer's office律师执业证 lawyer license律师助理 assistant lawyer律师资格考试 bar exam; lawyer qualification exam律师资格证 lawyer qualification certificate民事案件 civil case民事调解 civil mediation民事诉讼 civil litigation派出所 local police station; police substation判决 judgement(用于民事、行政案件);determination(用于终审);sentence(用于刑事案);verdict(由陪审团作出)旁证 circumstantial evidence企业章程 articles of association; articles of incorporation; bylaw企业重组 corporate restructure起诉状 information; indictment取消律师资格 disbar全国律师代表大会 National Lawyer Congress缺席宣判 pronounce judgement or determination by default人民法院 People's Court人民检察院 People's Procuratorate认定事实 determine facts上诉案件 case of trial of second instance; appellate case上诉人 appellant上诉状 petition for appeal涉外律师 lawyers specially handling foreign-related matters 申请复议 administrative reconsideration petition申请加入律师协会 application for admission to Law Association 申请人 petitioner; claimant申诉案件 appeal case申诉人(仲裁) claimant; plaintiff申诉书 appeal for revision, petition for revision实习律师 apprentice lawyer; lawyer in probation period实习律师证 certificate of apprentice lawyer视听证据 audio-visual reference material适用法律 apply law to facts受害人 victim书证 documentary evidence司法部 Ministry of Justice司法建议书 judicial advise司法局 Judicial Bureau司法局副局长 deputy director of Judicial Bureau司法局局长 director of Judicial Bureau司法统一考试 uniform judicial exam送达 service of process诉讼 litigation; action; lawsuit诉讼当事人 litigation party; litigious party诉讼业务 litigation practice诉状 complaint; bill of complaint; statement of claim 推销法律服务 promote/market legal service外国律师事务所 foreign law office委托代理合同 authorized representation contract委托代理人 agent ad litem; entrusted agent委托授权书 power of attorney物证 material evidence嫌疑人 criminal suspect项目融资 project financing项目谈判 project negotiating刑事案件 criminal case刑事诉讼 criminal litigation行政诉讼 administrative litigation休庭 adjourn the court; recess宣判 pronounce judgement; determination宣誓书 affidavit业务进修 attendance in advanced studies一审案件 case of trial of first instance与国外律师事务所交流 communicate with foreign law firms原告 plaintiff证券律师 securities lawyer证人证言 testimony of witness; affidavit执行笔录 execution record执业登记 registration for practice执业范围 scope of practice; sphere of practice; practice area 执业申请 practice application执业证年检 annual inspection of lawyer license仲裁 arbitration仲裁案件 arbitration case仲裁机构 arbitration agency专门律师 specialized lawyer专职律师 professional lawyer; full-time lawyer撰写法律文章 write legal thesis资信调查 credit standing investigation自诉案件 private prosecuting case二、诉讼法律案件 case案件发回 remand/rimit a case (to a low court)案件名称 title of a case案卷材料 materials in the case案情陈述书 statement of case案外人 person other than involved in the case案值 total value involved in the case败诉方 losing party办案人员 personnel handling a case保全措施申请书 application for protective measures 报案 report a case (to security authorities)被告 defendant; the accused被告人最后陈述 final statement of the accused被告向原告第二次答辩 rejoinder被害人 victim被害人的诉讼代理人 victim's agent ad litem被上诉人 respondent; the appellee被申请人 respondent被申请执行人 party against whom execution is filed被执行人 person subject to enforcement本诉 principal action必要共同诉讼人 party in necessary co-litigation变通管辖 jurisdiction by accord辩护 defense辩护律师 defense attorney/lawyer辩护人 defender辩护证据 exculpatory evidence; defense evidence辩论阶段 stage of court debate驳回反诉 dismiss a counterclaim; reject a counterclaim驳回请求 deny/dismiss a motion驳回上诉、维持原判 reject/dismiss the appeal and sustain the original judgement/ruling驳回诉讼 dismiss an action/suit驳回通知书 notice of dismissal驳回自诉 dismiss/reject a private prosecution驳回自诉裁定书 ruling of dismissing private-prosecuting case 补充答辩 supplementary answer补充判决 supplementary judgement补充侦查 supplementary investigation不公开审理 trial in camera不立案决定书 written decision of no case-filing不批准逮捕决定书 written decision of disapproving an arrest 不起诉 nol pros不予受理起诉通知书 notice of dismissal of accusation by the court财产保全申请书 application for attachment; application for property preservation裁定 order; determination (指最终裁定)裁定管辖 jurisdiction by order裁定书 order; ruling裁决书 award采信的证据 admitted evidence查封 seal up撤回上诉 withdraw appeal撤诉 withdraw a lawsuit撤销立案 revoke a case placed on file撤销原判,发回重审 rescind the original judgement and remand the case ro the original court for retrial出示的证据 exhibit除权判决 invalidating judgement (for negotiable instruments) 传唤 summon; call传闻证据 hearsay答辩 answer; reply答辩陈述书 statement of defence答辩状 answer; reply大法官 associate justices; justice大检察官 deputy chief procurator代理控告 agency for accusation代理申诉 agency for appeal代理审判员 acting judge代为申请取保候审 agency for application of the bail pending trial with restricted liberty of moving弹劾式诉讼 accusatory procedure当事人陈述 statement of the parties当庭宣判 pronouncement of judgement or sentence in court地区管辖 territorial jurisdiction地区检察分院 inter-mediate People's Procuratorate第三人 third party调查笔录 record of investigation定期宣判 pronouncement of judgement or sentence later on a fixed date定罪证据 incriminating evidence; inculpatory evidence 冻结 freeze督促程序 procedure of supervision and urge独任庭 sole-judge bench独任仲裁员 sole arbitrator对妨碍民事诉讼的强制措施 compulsory measures against impairment of civil action对席判决 judgement inter parties二审 trial of second instance二审案件 case of trial of second insurance罚款 impose a fine法定证据 statutory legal evidence法定证据制度 system of legal evidence法官 judges法警 bailiff; court police法律文书 legal instruments/papers法律援助 legal aid法律咨询 legal consulting法庭辩论 court debate法庭调查 court investigation法庭审理笔录 court record法庭审理方式 mode of court trial法庭庭长 chief judge of a tribunal法院 court法院公告 court announcement反诉 counterclaim反诉答辩状 answer with counterclaim反诉状 counterclaim犯罪嫌疑人 criminal suspect附带民事诉讼案件 a collateral civil action附带民事诉讼被告 defendant of collateral civil action复查 reexamination; recheck复验 reinspect高级法官 senior judge高级检察官 senior procurator高级人民法院 Higher People's Court告诉案件 case of complaint告诉才处理的案件 case accepted at complaint告诉申诉庭 complaint and petition division工读学校 work-study school for delinquent children公安部 Ministry of Public Security公安分局 public security sub-bureau公安厅 public security bureau at the levels of provinces, autonomous regions and cities under direct jurisdiction ofcentral government公开审理 trial in public公开审判制度 open trial system公示催告程序 procedure of public summons for exhortation公诉案件 public-prosecuting case公诉词 statement of public prosecution公证机关 public notary office共同管辖 concurrent jurisdiction管辖 jurisdiction国际司法协助 international judicial assistance海事法院 maritime court合议庭 collegial panel合议庭评议笔录 record of deliberating by the collegiate bench 和解 composition; compromise核对诉讼当事人身份 check identity of litigious parties恢复执行 resumption of execution回避 withdrawal混合式诉讼 mixed action基层人民法院 basic People's Court羁押期限 term in custody级别管辖 subject matter jurisdiction of courts at different levels监视居住 living at home under surveillance监狱 prison检察官 procurator检察权 prosecutorial power检察委员会 procuratorial/prosecutorial committee检察院 procuratorate检察院派出机构 outpost tribunal of procuratorate简易程序 summary procedure鉴定结论 expert conclusion经济审判庭 economic tribunal径行判决 direct adjudication without sessions; judgement without notice纠问式诉讼 inquisitional proceedings拘传 summon by force; summon by warrant拘留所 detention house举报 information/report of an offence举证责任 burden of proof; onus probandi决定书 decision军事法院 military procuratorate开庭审理 open a court session开庭通知 notice of court session勘验笔录 record of inquest看守所 detention house可执行财产 executable property控告式诉讼 accusatory proceedings控诉证据 incriminating evidence控诉职能 accusation function扣押 distrain on; attachment扣押物 distress/distraint宽限期 period of grace劳动争议仲裁申请书 petition for labor dispute arbitration 劳改场 reform-through-labor farm劳教所 reeducation-through-labor office类推判决的核准程序 procedure for examination and approval of analogical sentence累积证据 cumulative evidence立案报告 place a case on file立案管辖 functional jurisdiction立案决定书 written decision of case-filing立案侦查 report of placing a case on file利害关系人 interested party临时裁决书 interim award律师见证书 lawyer's written attestation; lawyer's written authentication律师事务所 law office; law firm律师提前介入 prior intervention by lawyer免于刑事处分 exemption from criminal penalty民事案件 civil case民事审判庭 civil tribunal民事诉讼 civil action民事诉讼法 Civil Procedural Law扭送 seize and deliver a suspect to the police派出法庭 detached tribunal派出所 police station判决 judgement; determination判决书 judgement; determination; verdict (指陪审团作出的)旁证 circumstantial evidence陪审员 juror批准逮捕 approval of arrest破案 clear up a criminal case; solve a criminal case破产 bankruptcy; insolvency普通程序 general/ordinary procedure普通管辖 general jurisdiction企业法人破产还债程序 procedure of bankruptcy and liquidation of a business corporation起诉 filing of a lawsuit起诉 sue; litigate; prosecute; institution of proceedings起诉状 indictment; information区县检察院 grassroots People's Procuratorate取保候审 the bail pending trial with restricted liberty of moving 缺席判决 default judgement人民调解委员会 People's Mediation Committee认定财产无主案件 cases concerning determination of property as qwnerless认定公民无民事行为能力、限制民事行为能力案件cases concerning determination of a citizen as incompetent or with limited disposing capacity上诉 appeal上诉人 appellant上诉状 petition for appeal少管所 juvenile prison社会治安综合治理 comprehensive treatment of social security 涉外案件 cases involving foreign interests涉外民事诉讼 foreign civil proceedings涉外刑事诉讼 foreign criminal proceedings申请人 applicant; petitioner申请书 petition; application for arbitration申请执行人 execution applicant申诉人宣誓书 claimant's affidavit of authenticity申诉书 appeal for revision; petition for revision神示证据制度 system of divinity evidence神示制度 ordeal system审查案件 case review审查并决定逮捕 examine and decide arrest审查起诉阶段 stage of review and prosecution审理通知书 notice of hearing审判长 presiding judge审判长宣布开庭 presiding judge announce court in session 审判管辖 adjudgement/trial jurisdiction审判监督程序 procedure for trial supervision审判委员会 judicial committee审判员 judge审问式诉讼 inquisitional proceedings生效判决裁定 legally effective judgement/order胜诉方 winning party省市自治区检察院 higher People's Procuratorate失踪和死亡宣告 declaration of disappearance and death实(质)体证据 substantial evidence实物证据 tangible evidence实在证据 real evidence示意证据 demonstrative evidence视听证据 audio-visual evidence收容所 collecting post; safe retreat首席大法官 chief justice首席检察官 chief procurator受害人的近亲属 victim's immediate family受理 acceptance受理刑事案件审批表 registration form of acceptance of criminal case受送达人 the addressee书记员 court clerk书记员宣读法庭纪律 court clerk reads court rules书证 documentary evidence司法部 Ministry of Justice司法机关 judicial organizatons司法警察 judicial police司法局 judicial bureau司法厅 judicial bureau at the levels of provinces, autonomous regions, and cities under direct jurisdiction of central government司法协助 judicial assistance死缓的复核 judicial review of death sentence with a retrieve死刑复核程序 procedure for judicial review of death sentence 死刑复核权 competence for judicial review of death sentence 送达 service of process送达传票 service of summons/subpoena送达诉状 service of bill of complaint搜查 search诉 sue; suit; action; lawsuit诉前财产保全 property attachment prior to lawsuit诉讼 litigation; lawsuit; sue; action诉讼保全 attachment诉讼参加人 litigious participants诉讼代理人 agent ad litem诉状 complaint; bill of complaint; state of claim特别程序 special procedures提起公诉 institute a public prosecution铁路法院 railway court铁路检察院 railroad transport procuratorate庭审程序 procedure of court trial通缉 wanted for arrest投案 appearance退回补充侦查 return of a case for supplementary investigation 委托辩护 entrusted defense未成年人法庭 juvenile court无行政职务的法官 associate judge无正当理由拒不到庭 refuse to appear in court without due cause 无罪判决 acquittal, finding of " not guilty "物证 material evidence先予执行申请书 application for advanced execution先予执行 advanced execution刑事案件 criminal case刑事拘留 criminal detention刑事强制拘留 criminal coercive/compulsory measures刑事审判庭 criminal tribunal刑事诉讼 criminal proceedings刑事诉讼法 Criminal Procedural Law刑事自诉状 self-incriminating criminal complaint行政案件 administrative case行政审判庭 administrative tribunal行政诉讼 administrative proceedings行政诉讼法 Administrative Procedural Law宣告失踪、宣告死亡案件 cases concerning the declaration of disappearance and death宣判笔录 record of rendition of judgement选民资格案件 cases concerning qualifications of voters询问证人 inquire/question a witness训诫 reprimand讯问笔录 record of interrogation询问犯罪嫌疑人 interrogate criminal suspect言词证据 verbal evidence要求传唤证人申请书 application for subpoena一裁终局 arbitration award shall be final and binding一审 trial of first instance一审案件 case of trial of first instance应诉通知书 notice of respondence to action有罪判决 sentence; finding of "guilty"予审 preliminary examinantion; pretrial原告 plaintiff院长 court president阅卷笔录 record of file review (by lawyers)再审案件 case of retrial再审申请书 petition for retrial责令具结悔过 order to sign a statement of repentance债权人会议 creditors' meeting侦查阶段 investigation stage侦查终结 conclusion of investigation征询原、被告最后意见 consulting final opinion of the plaintiffand defendant证据 evidence证据保全 preserve evidence证据保全申请书 application for evidence preservation证人证言 testimony of witness; affidavit支付令 payment order/warrant知识产权庭 intellectual property tribunal执行程序 procedure execution执行逮捕 execution of arrest执行和解 conciliation of execution执行回转 recovery of execution执行庭 executive tribunal执行异议 objection to execution执行员 executor执行中止 discontinuance of execution执行终结 conclusion of execution指定辩护 appointed defense指定仲裁员声明 statement of appointing arbitrator中级人民法院 intermediate People's Court中途退庭 retreat during court session without permission 仲裁 arbitration仲裁被诉人 respondent; defendant仲裁裁决 award仲裁申请书 arbitration仲裁申诉人 claimant; plaintiff仲裁庭 arbitration tribunal仲裁委员会 arbitration committee仲裁协议 arbitration agreement; clauses of arbitration仲裁员 arbitrator主诉检察官 principal procurator助理检察官 assistant procurator助理审判员 assistant judge专门法院 special court专门管辖 specific jurisdiction专属管辖 exclusive jurisdiction追究刑事责任 investigate for criminal responsibility自首 confession to justice自诉案件 private-prosecuting case自行辩护 self-defense自由心证制度 doctrine of discretional evaluation of evidence 自侦案件 self-investigating case最高人民法院 the Supreme People's Court最高人民检察院 the Supreme People's Procuratorate最后裁决书 final award三、民事法律法律渊源 source of law制定法 statute判例法 case law; precedent普通法 common law特别法 special law固有法 native law; indigenous law 继受法 adopted law实体法 substantial law程序法 procedural law原则法 fundamental law例外法 exception law司法解释 judicial interpretation 习惯法 customary law公序良俗 public order and moral 自然法 natural law罗马法 Roman Law私法 private law公法 public law市民法 jus civile万民法 jus gentium民法法系 civil law system英美法系 system of Anglo-American law大陆法系 civil law system普通法 common law大陆法 continental law罗马法系 Roman law system英吉利法 English law衡平法 equity; law of equity日尔曼法 Germantic law教会法 ecclesiastical law寺院法 canon law伊斯兰法 Islamic law民法法律规范 norm of civil law授权规范 authorization norm禁止规范 forbidding norm义务性规范 obligatory norm命令性规范 commanding norm民法基本原则 fundamental principles of civil law 平等原则 principle of equality自愿原则 principle of free will公平原则 principle of justice等价有偿原则 principle of equal value exchange 诚实信用原则 principle of good faith行为 act作为 act不作为 omission合法行为 lawful act违法行为 unlawful act民事权利权利能力 civil right绝对权 absolute right相对权 relative right优先权 right of priority先买权 preemption原权 antecedent right救济权 right of relief支配权 right of dominion请求权 right of claim物上请求权 right of claim for real thing 形成权 right of formation撤销权 right of claiming cancellation否认权 right of claiming cancellation解除权 right of renouncement代位权 subrogated right选择权 right of choice承认权 right of admission终止权 right of termination抗辩权 right of defense一时性抗辩权 momentary right of defense永久性抗辩权 permanent counter-argument right不安抗辩权 unstable counter-argument right同时履行抗辩权 defense right of simultaneous performance 既得权 tested right期待权 expectant right专属权 exclusive right非专属权 non-exclusive right人身权利 personal right人权 human right人格权 right of personality生命健康权 right of life and health姓名权 right of name名称权 right of name肖像权 right of portraiture自由权 right of freedom名誉权 right reputation隐私权 right of privacy私生活秘密权 right of privacy贞操权 virginity right身份权 right of status亲权 parental power; parental right亲属权 right of relative探视权 visitation right配偶权 right of spouse荣誉权 right of honor权利的保护 protection of right公力救济 public protection私力救济 self-protection权利本位 standard of right社会本位 standard of society无责任行为 irresponsible right正当防卫 justifiable right; ligitimate defence 防卫行为 act of defence自为行为 self-conducting act紧急避险 act of rescue; necessity自助行为 act of self-help不可抗力 force majeure意外事件 accident行为能力 capacity for act意思能力 capacity of will民事行为 civil act意思表示 declaration of intention意思表示一致 meeting of minds; consensus完全行为能力 perfect capacity for act限制行为能力 restrictive capacity for act准禁治产人 quasi-interdicted person保佐 protection自治产人 minor who is capable of administering his own capacity 无行为能力 incapacity for act禁治产人 interdicted person自然人 natural person公民 citizen住所 domicile居所 residence经常居住地 frequently dwelling place户籍 census register监护 guardianship个体工商户 individual business农村承包经营户 leaseholding rural household合伙 partnership合伙人 partner合伙协议 partnership agreement合伙财产 property of partnership合伙债务 debt of partnership入伙 join partnership退伙 withdrawal from partnership合伙企业 partnership business establishment个人合伙 partnership法人合伙 partnership of legal person特别合伙 special partnership普通合伙 general partnership有限合伙 limited partnership民事合伙 civil partnership隐名合伙 sleeping partnership; dormant partnership 私营企业 private enterprise; proprietorship法人 legal person企业法人 legal body of enterprise企业集团 group of enterprise关联企业 affiliate enterprise个人独资企业 individual business establishment国有独资企业 solely state-owned enterprise中外合资企业 Sino-foreign joint venture enterprise 中外合作企业 Sino-foreign contractual enterprise 社团法人 legal body of mass organization财团法人 legal body of financial group联营 joint venture法人型联营 association of legal persons合伙型联营 coordinated management in partnership协作型联营 cooperation-type coordinated management合作社 cooperative民事法律行为 civil legal act单方民事法律行为 unilateral civil legal act双方民事法律行为 bilateral civil legal act多方民事法律行为 joint act civil legal act有偿民事法律行为 civil legal act with consideration无偿民事法律行为 civil legal act without consideration; civil legal act without award实践性民事法律行为 practical civil legal act诺成性民事法律行为 consental civil legal act要式民事法律行为 formal civil legal act不要式民事法律行为 informal civil legal act要因民事法律行为 causative civil legal act不要因民事法律行为 noncausative civil legal act主民事法律行为 principal civil legal act从民事法律行为 accessory civil legal act附条件民事法律行为 conditional civil legal act附期限民事法律行为 civil legal act with term生前民事法律行为 civil legal act before death死后民事法律行为 civil legal act after death准民事法律行为 quasi-civil legal act无效行为 ineffective act可撤销民事行为 revocable civil act违法行为 illegal act; unlawful act侵权行为 tort欺诈 fraud胁迫 duress乘人之危 taking advantage of others' precarious position以合法形式掩盖非法目的 legal form concealing illegal intention 恶意串通 malicious collaboration重大误解 gross misunderstanding显失公平 obvious unjust误传 misrepresentation代理 agency本人 principal被代理人 principal受托人 trustee代理人 agent本代理人 original agent法定代理人 statutory agent; legal agent委托代理人 agent by mandate指定代理人 designated agent复代理人 subagent再代理人 subagent转代理人 subagent代理权 right of agency授权行为 act of authorization授权委托书 power of attorney代理行为 act of agency委托代理 agency by mandate本代理 original agency复代理 subagency次代理 subagency有权代理 authorized agency表见代理 agency by estoppel; apparent agency 律师代理 agency by lawyer普通代理 general agency全权代理 general agency全权代理委托书 general power of attorney共同代理 joint agency独家代理 sole agency居间 brokerage居间人 broker行纪 commission; broker house信托 trust时效 time limit; prescription; limitation时效中止 suspension of prescription/limitation时效中断 interruption of limitation/prescription时效延长 extension of limitation取得时效 acquisitive prescription时效终止 lapse of time; termination of prescription 期日 date期间 term涉外民事关系 civil relations with foreign elements 冲突规范 rule of conflict准据法 applicable law; governing law反致 renvoi; remission转致 transmission识别 identification公共秩序保留 reserve of public order法律规避 evasion of law国籍 nationality国有化 nationalization法律责任 legal liability民事责任 civil liability/responsibility行政责任 administrative liability/responsibility刑事责任 criminal liability/responsibility违约责任 liability of breach of contract; responsibility of default有限责任 limited liability无限责任 unlimited liability按份责任 shared/several liability连带责任 joint and several liability过失责任 liability for negligence; negligent liability过错责任 fault liability; liability for fault单独过错 sole fault共同过错 joint fault混合过错 mixed fault被害人过错 victim's fault第三人过错 third party's fault推定过错 presumptive fault恶意 bad faith; malice故意 deliberate intention; intention; willfulness过失 negligence重大过失 gross negligence疏忽大意的过失 careless and inadvertent negligence过于自信的过失 negligence with undue assumption损害事实 facts of damage有形损失 tangible damage/loss无形损失 intangible damage/loss财产损失 property damage/loss人身损失 personal damage/loss精神损失 spiritual damage/loss民事责任承担方式 methods of bearing civil liability 停止侵害 cease the infringing act排除妨碍 exclusion of hindrance; removal of obstacle 消除危险 elimination of danger返还财产 restitution of property恢复原状 restitution; restitution of original state 赔偿损失 compensate for a loss; indemnify for a loss 支付违约金 payment of liquidated damage消除影响 eliminate ill effects恢复名誉 rehabilitate one's reputation赔礼道歉 extend a formal apology物权 jus ad rem; right in rem; real right物权制度 real right system; right in rem system一物一权原则 the principal of One thing, One Right 物权法定主义 principal of legality of right in rem物权公示原则 principal of public summons of right in rem 物权法 jus rerem物 property生产资料 raw material for production生活资料 means of livelihood; means of subsistence流通物 res in commercium; a thing in commerce限制流通物 limited merchantable thing禁止流通物 res extra commercium; a thing out of commerce 资产 asset固定资产 fixed asset流动资产 current asset; floating asset动产 movables; chattel不动产 immovable; real estate特定物 res certae; a certain thing种类物 genus; indefinite thing可分物 res divisibiles; divisible things不可分物 res indivisibiles; indivisible things主物 res capitalis; a principal thing从物 res accessoria; an accessory thing原物 original thing孳息 fruits天然孳息 natural fruits。
作者:BOBLEGAL实用法律英语词汇学习必读:法律英语的学习和其他英语一样,都是以单词为基础。
法律英语的单词有其特殊用法和含义,怎样从众多的法律英语词汇中挑选出最常用最实用的单词一直是困惑众多法律英语爱好者的问题。
其实,虽然法律英语单词众多,但我们在法律实务中接触到的常用法律英语词汇大概只有2000个左右,boblegal法律翻译对这些常用单词(主要是民事和经济方面)进行了筛选,以实务为导向,进行法律英语典型单词系列讲解。
挑选这些单词的前提是:与法律实务相结合,对一般高校法律英语教材中出现但很少在实务中应用的单词不予选取,目的主要是希望在中国法律环境下运用法律英语,摆脱学究式的法律英语学习模式。
选词的标准有两个:一是在法律英语中出现的频率,比如confidential,这个单词在普通英语中的意思也是保密的、机密的,基本意思并没有发生改变,但由于其在一些法律文件尤其是知识产权或授权协议中频频出现,因此,也把它列入典型单词部分。
第二个标准时单词意义或用法的特殊性,如accept在普通英语中是接受,在法律英语中却表示承诺或对票据的承兑等,另外,如我们平时最常用的单词affect,在普通英语中的用法非常普遍,而且相对influence 和impact等单词,是较多用语口语中的单词,但在法律英语中,表示权利义务或利益受到影响时,用的都是affect,而不是influence。
需要说明的两点是,有些单词在法律英语中有独特含义,如service,在法律英语中的特殊含义指法律文书的送达,但其普通含义即服务,也可能被用到,如service agreement 服务协议等,因此,我们不能机械的认为service无论出现在何种法律文书中均指送达,应当结合上下文进行理解。
另外,一个单词可能会有多种含义,我们选取了在实务中最常用到的一种或两种含义,对其较为罕见的含义或用法并不讲解。
本次讲解共涉及200个左右的单词和词组,分别按照以下分类讲解:一典型单词释义,二一词多义的单词讲解三易混淆单词辨析三意义相同但不能互换的单词四经常同时出现的单词和词组。
Accord释义:accord在普通英语中的含义是符合,一致,在法律英语中则表示和解或和解协议,指指债务人和一个债权人达成的、以偿还部分债务免除全部债务责任的协议。
如reach an accord达成和解协议,accord and satisfaction和解与清偿等。
acquire释义:acquire在普通英语中的含义是获得,获取,而且通常指通过后天的努力获得。
在法律英语中通常指对公司的购买,收购,我们通常所说的M&A,即是acquire的名词acquisition和merger的缩写。
如The foreign investor has acquired more than 10 PRC domestic enterprises engaging in related industries within a year. 外国投资者一年内并购中国境内关联行业的企业超过10个。
act释义:act在普通英语中的含义是行动,行为,在法律英语中通常理解为作为,与不作为forbear相对应。
如:Notwithstanding anything contained in this Act, the Minister may, on the recommendation of the Commission, direct the Commission to act or forbear fromAction释义:act在普通英语中的含义是行动,在法律英语中则理解为诉讼,相当于suit或lawsuit,如initiate an action提起诉讼,win an action在诉讼中获胜,defend oneself in an action 在诉讼中为自己辩护等。
adopt释义:adopt的最常见含义是采用,通过,如adopt a law通过一项法律,adopt a proposal 采纳一个建议等,这种用法在法律英语中也较为常见。
另外,adopt在法律英语中可能会用到一个含义是收养,如adopt an orphan according to law根据法律规定收养孤儿。
admission释义:admission是admit的名词,在普通英语中的含义是承认或接纳。
在法律英语中,则通常是法律程序中的一个用语,意思是采纳,采信(证据),如The defendant challenged the admission of the evidence by the court on the ground that the evidence was irrelevant.被告以证据没有相关性为由反对法院对其予以采信。
affect释义:affect是普通英语中最常见最普通的单词之一,意思是影响,通常用在口语和非正式的场合中。
但在法律英语,affect(本义没有改变,仍然是影响),确实非常正式的用法,通常不能用influence等单词替换。
如The failure of either party at any time or times to require performance of any provision hereof shall in no manner affect its right at a later time to enforce the same.任何一方在任何时候未要求另一方履行本协议任一条款,并在不影响其以后强制执行该条款的权利。
Affiliate释义:affiliate是法律英语的常见单词之一,意思是关联方,关联公司,也可以associate 或connected person表示。
如“Affiliate”means any person or company that directly or indirectly controls a Party or is directly or indirectly controlled by a Party,including a Party’s parent or subsidiary, or is under direct or indirect common control with such Party.“关联公司”指直接或间接控制一方(包括其母公司或子公司)或受一方直接或间接控制,或与该方共同受直接或间接控制的任何人或公司。
agent释义:agent也是法律英语中常见单词之一,意思是代理人,代理商,通常指商业代理,如果指非商业性质的代理,如替别人出席会议等,则可用proxy。
例句:Nothing in this Agreement or in the performance of any of its provisions is intended or shall be construed to constitute either party an agent, legal representative, subsidiary,joint venturer,partner,employer,or employee of the other for any purpose whatsoever.参考译文:本协议的任何内容或本协议任何条款的履行,无意表示、亦不应被理解为任何一方为任何目的可以充当另一方的代理人、法定代表、子公司、合营方、合作伙伴、雇主或雇员。
applicable释义:applicable在法律英语中的意思是可适用的,如例句:If any one or more of the provisions contained in this Agreement or any document executed in connection herewith shall be invalid,illegal,or unenforceable in any respect under any applicable law, the provision/provisions shall be deemed to have been severed from this agreement.如果本协议或涉及本协议而签署的任何文件中某条或数条条款,根据任何适用法律在任何方面是无效的、不合法或不能强制执行的,视为该条款从本协议中删除As is释义:as is是法律英语中的常见词组,意思是(货物等的)现状。
如deliver the house as is.按照房屋的现状交付房屋。
The software is provided as is.按软件现有状况提供软件等。
As of释义:as of是法律英语中的常用词组之一,意思是从…开始,相当于since,但由于法律英语问题的正式性和庄重性,一般不能用since替换。
如The law shall be effective as of January 10, 2009。
本法自2009年1月10生效。
The contract takes effect upon its execution。
合同自签订之日起生效。
Asset释义:asset的含义是资产、财产,不仅包括动产,不动产,也包括可以动用的资源。
如fixed asset固定资产,floating asset流动资产,Asset and capital verification 清产核资,asset management资产管理等。
Assign释义:assign是法律英语中常用单词之一,意思是转让,也可以指受让人,通常指权利的转让。
如assign the rights to a third party。
把权利转让个第三方。
又如Without the prior, express written consent of the Principal, the Agent may not assign this Agreement to any other party.未经委托方事先明确的书面同意,代理方不得将本协议转让给任何第三方。
attach释义:attach在普通英语中的含义是依附,粘贴,在法律英语中指扣押财产。
Attach the property扣押财产。
Attachment order扣押令等。
bankrupt释义:bankrupt的意思是破产,既可以指单位也可以指个人破产。
如go bankrupt破产,declare bankrupt宣布破产,adjudicate sb. Bankrupt判决某人破产等。