水火电力系统短期优化调度模型

考虑火电机组的阀点效应：
其中，f1表示火电机组在调度周期内发电的总成本，
表示调度周期，在本文中取T=24 h，N g表示火电机组
的总个数，P git表示在t时刻火电机组i的出力。

2.2.2 火电机组污染物排放量优化模型
综合节能减排和环境保护的要求，火力发电厂在
发电过程中排放的有害气体（如CO2、SO2、NO
污染气体排放量用统一表达式表示：
其中，f2为调度周期内火电机组总污染物排放
E git为t时段机组i的污染气体排放量，αi、β
(7)其中，Q hit表示第i级水电站在t时段内的发电流量，
表示第i级水电站在第t时段的平均发电净水头，
示梯级水电站中第i级水电机组的综合发电效率，
为调度的一个时段，为1 h。

其中，f(x)为极小化型函数，l(x)为极大化型函数，
、l max分别表示目标函数的最大值，f min、l
表示目标函数的最小值，μ(f(x))表示极小型隶属度函
μ(l(x))表示极大型隶属度函数。

μ(f(x))和μ
图1 极小型和极大型隶属度函数曲线(a) 极小型隶属度函数曲线(b) 极大型隶属度函数曲线 (13)
约束适应度可表示为：
(14)为了提高算法的收敛速度和精度，结合惩罚函数
和双适应度法对约束条件进行处理。

综上所述，对于水火电系统的优化联合调度，在
建立目标函数之后，运用满意度函数和欧式距离函数
将多目标问题转化为单目标问题进行计算；然后结合
惩罚函数和双适应度法处理约束条件，将带约束条件转化为无约束条件，即可实现含约束的多目标优化问步骤2 构造欧氏距离目标函数，针对每个目标函
数均设置一个参考隶属度值μrm ，以各目标函数的隶属
度与参考隶属度之间距离的最小值作为优化准则，从而获得模糊化处理数学模型： (9)其中，p 为目标函数个数，d(x)为欧氏距离，μrm 为目标函数μ(F i (x))的最优值，μ(F i (x))是最优解x 的函数，μ(F i (x))和μrm 之间的距离越小，表明越接近最优值。

步骤3 采用优化算法对处理后的目标进行优化求解。

3.2 约束优化问题 (10)构造函数 (11)再构造函数 (12)可以看出，式(12)有极小解X *，并且当P(g i (x))，则由式(11)有X *∈R ，因此X *不仅是该问
(12)的最优解，也是原问题式(10)的最优解，这为惩罚项，由于受到对约束条件的处理所采用方法的影响，下转第208页
朱海贵：连续镀锌线退火炉温度控制
Temperature Control of Annealing Furnace in Continuous Galvanizing Line
Z HU Hai -gui
(M CC Hua ti an N a nj ing Engin ee ri ng & Technology C orporation, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210019, China )
Abstract: STEIN vertical annealing furnace is taken as an example to discuss the temperature control issues of annealing furnace in continuous galvanizing line (CGL). Based on the basic principles of temperature detection and control equipment, the temperature control mode is divided into zone temperature control, waste gas temperature control, radiant tube temperature control, strip temperature control, and level 2 energy control, and their respective control points are summarized. In view of flexibility, “ON-OFF” control is more intelligent compared to traditional “double cross limit control”, the temperature control precision is up, and the life length of radiant tube is improved. In view of safety, hidden dangers are greatly reduced by means of waste gas temperature measurement thermocouple installation, burner gas valve anti-leakage treatment and online leak detection. Control methods satisfy the process requirements, so that normal operation of continuous galvanizing as well as mechanical characteristics of strips is guaranteed.
Key words: CGL; Annealing Furnace; Temperature Control; Strip; Intelligentization
A Short-term Optimization Scheduling Model of Hydro-thermal Power System
LIU Z heng 1, Z HOU Yi -huan 2, WANG Chen-xi 2
(1. St at e Gri d Shaan xi E le ct ric Pow er C ompany, X i’an, Shaanxi , 710048, China;
2. Sta te G rid Sha anx i El e ct ric Po w er C ompany, El ect ri c Pow er R esearch I nsti tut e, Xi ’an, Shaanxi, 710100, Chin a )
Abstract: A short-term optimization scheduling model is established for hydro-thermal power system to propose its solution idea. The model is established from four aspects including power generation capacity and water consumptions of cascade hydropower stations, as well as total pollutant emission and power generation cost of thermal units. Also, normalization is processed through satisfaction function and Euclidean distance function, and constraints are processed by combining penalty function and double fitness method. The complex optimization problem with multiple objectives and constraints is transformed into a simple optimization problem with single objective and no constraint, which greatly simplifies the solving process and improves the convergence speed and accuracy of the algorithm. The concept of win-win between energy conservation and economy is fully embodied, which provides new ideas for short-term optimization scheduling of hydro-thermal power system.
Key words:Hydro-thermal Power System; Optimization Scheduling; Short-term; Energy Conservation and Environmental Protection; Multi-objective Decision
作者简介：
刘正（1983—），通信作者，男，汉族，陕西西安人，硕士，高级工
程师。

研究方向：电力系统自动化。

E-mail: liuzheng@
for short term hydroelectric system scheduling in deregulated environment [J]. Energy Conversion & Management, 2005, 46(17): 2689-2696.上接第194页。