文艺复兴

The comparison between the Renaissance and the
Enlightenment
E0801 雷恬
The Renaissance and the Enlightenment name two distinctly different periods of European history. They both heralded major changes in culture, art, philosophy, science, and mathematics. We associate the Renaissance with advances in literature, architecture, humanism, and a world economy, while the Enlightenment calls to mind the scientific method, industrialization, rationality, astronomy, and calculus.
The substance of the Renaissance and Enlightenment are the emerging anti-feudal bourgeois ideological liberation movement. They both focus on human values, both for the bourgeoisie to obtain political and economic domination of the mental preparation to do, their pursuit of the so-called human interests are the interests of the bourgeoisie. However, there are a lot of differences.
In terms of the background, the Renaissance was the product of bourgeois budding, primarily against the Church of human bondage; Enlightenment is the result of capitalist development, directed at the feudal autocratic regime.
As for their contents, Firstly, anti-feudal aspect, it was said that the Renaissance's anti-feudal, mainly against the feudal lords of the separatist state, called for national unity absolute monarchy . In the Enlightenment, the bourgeoisie has completed the process of capital accumulation. Renaissance focuses on the anti-feudal ideology, the scope of ethics. Secondly, from the aspects of anti-church, it was said that the Renaissance was mainly to expose corruption in the medieval Catholic Church to condemn the evil of human nature harm the monastery, called for religious reform, abolition of the cumbersome rituals, with simple rituals to promote. The Enlightenment, because of the development of materialism and natural science, therefore, in terms of anti-Church of the Renaissance more fully than it has against the church raised to the height of Deism and atheism. Again, from the connotation of Humanism, Since the Enlightenment with the political and ideological nature of the revolutionary movement, the Enlightenment, the participants will not be limited to writers. In short, the Renaissance advocated "human nature" to get
rid of the shackles of Catholic theology, Enlightenment is further hold high the "rational" banner, to oppose despotism, clerical and feudal privileges, the pursuit of political equality and economic freedom.
Of course, Their impacts on the society were also very different. Renaissance promoted the development of natural science, led to
Europe-wide wave of religious reform. Enlightenment is the premise of the development of science occurs, led to the bourgeoisie of Europe and the world revolution.
文艺复兴和启蒙运动的比较
文艺复兴和启蒙运动标志着欧洲两个截然不同的历史时期。

他们都在文化，艺术，哲学史，科学和数学方面产生了重大变化。

当提到文艺复兴，我们就想到了文学，建筑，人文主义和世界经济。

至于启蒙运动，我们总将它与科学的方法，工业化，理性，天文学和微积分联系起来。

文艺复兴与启蒙运动的实质都是新兴的资产阶级反封建的思想解放运动； 都注重人的价值，为资产阶级取得政治、经济上的统治地做了思想准备；他们追求的所谓人类利益都是资产阶级的利益。

然而，它们却有很多的不同。

就背景而言，文艺复兴是资产阶级萌芽的产物，主要是反对教会对人的束缚；启蒙运动是资本主义发展的结果，矛头直指封建专制制度。

就内容而言，首先，从反封建方面说，文艺复兴运动的反封建，主要是反对封建领主的割据状态，要求建立民族统一的君主专制政体，以便在王权保护下发展资本主义经济。

而在启蒙运动中，资产阶级已完成资本原始积累的过程，进一步提出要求获得政权，建立资本主义政治制度。

文艺复兴时代的反封建侧重于思想意识、伦理道德的范畴；而启蒙运动侧重于政治制度和政权性质方面。

其次，从反教会方面说，文艺复兴时期主要是揭露中世纪天主教会的贪污腐化，谴责修道院戕害人性的罪恶，要求进行宗教改革，废除繁琐的宗教仪式，提倡比较简便的礼仪。

在启蒙运动时，由于唯物论和自然科学的发展，因此在反教会方面就比文艺复兴时期更为彻底，它已把反教会提高到自然神论和无神论的高度。

再次，从人文主义思想的内涵上说，文艺复兴时代强调的是反禁欲主义，要求个性解放，执着尘世，面向现实。

到了十八世纪启蒙时代，人文主义思想的重点，就转移到提倡“自由、平等、博爱”等政治原则方面来。

由于启蒙运动具有政治思想革命运动的性质，因此启蒙运动的参加者决不限于文学家。

简单地说，文艺复兴提倡“人性”，旨在摆脱天主教神学的束缚，强调追求现世的幸福；启蒙运动则进一步高举“理性”的旗帜，旨在反对专制主义、教权主义和封建特权，追求政治
平等和经济自由。

两者对当时社会的影响也有很大的不同。

文艺复兴推动了自然科学的发展，引发了欧洲范围内的宗教改革浪潮。

启蒙运动是在科学事业发展的前提下出现的，它打击了封建主义的世俗统治，引发了欧洲及世界范围内资产阶级革命浪潮。