(完整版)英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解和练习试题

英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解及练习英语句子就像一座建筑，句子成分是构成这座建筑的各种材料，而句子结构则是建筑的框架。

理解句子成分和结构对于我们正确理解和运用英语至关重要。

接下来，让我们一起深入探讨。

一、英语句子成分1、主语主语是句子所描述的主体，通常是某人、某事或某物。

它是句子的核心，决定了句子要说的是谁或什么。

比如，“The dog is cute” （这只狗很可爱。

）中，“The dog”就是主语。

2、谓语谓语表示主语的动作或状态。

它通常由动词构成。

例如，“She sings beautifully” （她唱歌很好听。

）中的“sings”就是谓语。

3、宾语宾语是动作的对象，通常是接受动作的人或物。

比如，“He bought a book” （他买了一本书。

）中的“a book”就是宾语。

4、表语表语用于说明主语的特征、状态、身份等。

常见的系动词有 be （am/is/are）、seem、look 等，其后的成分就是表语。

例如，“She is happy” （她很开心。

）中的“happy”就是表语。

5、定语定语用来修饰、限定名词或代词。

它可以是形容词、名词、代词、数词、介词短语等。

例如，“The red car is mine” （那辆红色的车是我的。

）中的“red”就是定语。

6、状语状语用于修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，表示时间、地点、原因、方式、程度等。

比如，“He runs fast” （他跑得很快。

）中的“fast”就是状语。

7、补语补语用于补充说明宾语或主语的情况。

例如，“We made him our monitor” （我们选他当班长。

）中的“our monitor”就是宾语补足语。

二、英语句子结构1、简单句简单句只有一个主谓结构，是最基本的句子类型。

例如，“I love you” （我爱你。

）2、并列句并列句由两个或两个以上的简单句通过并列连词（and, but, or 等）连接而成。

英语句⼦成分和英语句⼦结构讲解及练习英语句⼦成分1．主语（subject）: 句⼦说明的⼈或事物，是句⼦叙述的主体，可由名词、代词、数词、名词化的形容词、不定式、动名词和主语从句等来承担。

The sun rises in the east. （名词）He likes dancing. （代词）Twenty years is a short time in history. (数词)Seeing is believing. （动名词）To see is to believe. （不定式）What he needs is a book. （主语从句）2．谓语（predicate）: 说明主语的动作、状态和特征。

We study English. He is asleep.3．表语（predicative）: 系动词之后的成分，表⽰主语的性质、状态和特征。

He is a teacher. The cake tastes delicious.He looks tired. He became mad after that.系动词亦称联系动词（Link Verb），作为系动词，它本⾝有词义，但不能单独⽤作谓语，后边必须跟表语，构成系表结构说明主语的状况、性质、特征等情况。

常见的系动词有:1）状态系动词：be (am is are was were…)2）持续系动词：keep, rest, remain, stay, stand, “保持”3）表像系动词：seem, appear, look.. "看起来像"4）感官系动词：feel, smell, sound, taste,5）变化系动词：become, grow, turn, fall, get, go, come, run“变得”6）终⽌系动词：prove, turn out, "证实"4．宾语：1）动作的承受者-----动宾I like China. He hates you.I enjoy working with you.2）介词后的名词、代词和动名词-----介宾Are you afraid of the snake?3）双宾语-----间宾（指⼈）和直宾（指物）He gave me a book yesterday. My father told me a story.5. 补语1）宾补：对宾语的补充，全称为宾语补⾜语。

（英语）英语句子结构与成分常见题型及答题技巧及练习题(含答案)含解析一、句子结构与成分1．'My father bought me a new watch yesterday.' It is a structure of_________.A. S+V+PB. S+V+IO+DOC. S+V+DO+COD. S+V+DO【答案】 B【解析】【分析】句意：昨天我爸给我买了一块新手表。

它是S+V+IO+DO结构。

My father （主语S）+bought（谓语V）+me（间接宾语ID）+a new watch（直接宾语DO），故选B。

【点评】考查句结构和成分。

注意识记S+V+IO+DO结构的用法。

2．John calls his dog Eddie. The structure of the sentence is _______.A. S+V+OB. S+V+PC. S+V+IO+DOD. S+V+DO+OC【答案】D【解析】【分析】句意：约翰叫他的狗Eddie.这个句子的结构是_____________.根据句子可知这个句子的结构是：主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语。

故答案为D。

【点评】考查句子成分。

牢记句子成分。

3．Choose the correct structure（结构） of this sentence "He lent me a book."A. S+V+OB. S+V+IO+DOC. S+V+PD. S+V+DO+OC【答案】B【解析】【分析】句意“He lent me a book”。

he为主语S；lent为谓语V；me为间接宾语IO; a book为直宾DO。

故结构为S+V+IO+DO。

故选B。

【点评】此题考查简单句的结构。

4．This cake is really big. _______ share it.A. May be we canB. We may be canC. Maybe we canD. Maybe can we【答案】C【解析】【分析】句意“蛋糕真的很大，也许我们可以分享它”。

英语句子结构与成分的基本方法技巧及练习题及练习题(含答案)及解析一、句子结构与成分1．Which structure is right?A. Your father is ill in bed.（S+V）B. Your friend fell down.（S+V+O）C. Your team won the match.（S+V+O+OC）D. He seems ill.（S+V+P）【答案】 D【解析】【分析】句意：哪个结构是正确的？ A is 是系动词，故是主系表结构形式，S+V 表示主谓，B fell 是不及物动词，故是主谓形式，S+V+O 表示主谓宾，C the match是宾语，故是主谓宾形式，S+V+O+O表示主谓双宾，Dseem是系动词，故是主系表形式， S+V+P 表示主系表，故选D。

【点评】考查句子结构，注意seem是系动词的用法。

2．Which of the following sentences is correct?A. He came in and sat down.B. We all like <Harry Potter>.C. When we met. He didn't say hello.D. We went out, headed for the bus stop.【答案】 A【解析】【分析】句意：下面那个句子是正确的。

A是简单句，came和sat是并列谓语，都是一般过去式，所以A正确。

B中的符号不符合英语习惯，在英语中没有书名号，表示书名时通常用斜体字形式。

C句的标点符号是错误的，把met后的句号改为逗号才符合复合句的定义。

D句中headed前应加上and或者将headed改为heading构成伴随状语。

因此选A。

【点评】考查句法知识。

3．—What an interesting story she told us!—Yes, and her voice sounded ________.A. sweetB. smallC. clearlyD. sadly【答案】 A【解析】【分析】句意：——他给我们讲的是多么有趣的故事啊！——是的，她的声音听起来很甜美。

【英语】初中英语句子结构与成分技巧和方法完整版及练习题及解析一、句子结构与成分1．'My father bought me a new watch yesterday.' It is a structure of_________.A. S+V+PB. S+V+IO+DOC. S+V+DO+COD. S+V+DO【答案】 B【解析】【分析】句意：昨天我爸给我买了一块新手表。

它是S+V+IO+DO结构。

My father （主语S）+bought（谓语V）+me（间接宾语ID）+a new watch（直接宾语DO），故选B。

【点评】考查句结构和成分。

注意识记S+V+IO+DO结构的用法。

2．—What an interesting story she told us!—Yes, and her voice sounded ________.A. sweetB. smallC. clearlyD. sadly【答案】 A【解析】【分析】句意：——他给我们讲的是多么有趣的故事啊！——是的，她的声音听起来很甜美。

sweet甜的；small小的；clearly清楚地；sadly伤心地。

sound是系动词，后跟形容词，故选A。

【点评】考查系表结构。

3．John calls his dog Eddie. The structure of the sentence is _______.A. S+V+OB. S+V+PC. S+V+IO+DOD. S+V+DO+OC【答案】D【解析】【分析】句意：约翰叫他的狗Eddie.这个句子的结构是_____________.根据句子可知这个句子的结构是：主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语。

故答案为D。

【点评】考查句子成分。

牢记句子成分。

4．Choose the correct structure（结构） of this sentence "He lent me a book."A. S+V+OB. S+V+IO+DOC. S+V+PD. S+V+DO+OC【答案】B【解析】【分析】句意“He lent me a book”。

英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解及练习英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解及练习主语（subject）句子说明的人或事物。

The sun rises in the east. （名词）He likes dancing. （代词）Twenty years is a short time in history. (数词)Seeing is believing. （动名词）To see is to believe. （不定式）What he needs is a book. （主语从句）It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree. （It形式主语，主语从句是真正主语）谓语（predicate）说明主语的动作、状态和特征。

We study English.He is asleep.表语（predicative）系动词之后的成分，表示主语的性质、状态和特征。

He is a teacher. （名词）Seventy-four! You don’t look it. （代词）Five and five is ten. （数词）He is asleep. （形容词）His father is in. （副词）The picture is on the wall. ( 介词短语)My watch is gone missing lost. （形容词化的分词）To wear a flower is to say “I’m poor, I can’t buy a ring. （不定式）The question is whether they will come. （表语从句）（常见的系动词有be, sound（听起来）, look（看起来）, feel(摸起来，smell（闻起来）, taste（尝、吃起来）,remain（保持，仍是）, feel（感觉）...It sounds a good idea. The sound sounds strange.Her voice sounds sweet. Tom looks thin.The food smells delicious. The food tastes good.The door remains open. Now I feel tired.宾语：1）动作的承受者-----动宾I like China. （名词）He hates you. （代词）How many do you need We need two. （数词）We should help the old and the poor. I enjoy working with you. （动名词）I hope to see you again. （不定式）Did you write down what he said （宾语从句）2）介词后的名词、代词和动名词-----介宾Are you afraid of the snake Under the snow, there are many rocks.3）双宾语-----间宾（指人）和直宾（指物）He gave me a book yesterday. Give the poor man some money.宾补：对宾语的补充，全称为宾语补足语。

英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解及练习简单句的五个基本句型主语＋不及物动词She came．.主语＋及物动词＋宾语She likes English.主语＋系动词＋主语补语She is happy．主语＋动词＋间接宾语＋直接宾语She gave John a book．She bought a book for me.主语＋动词＋宾语＋宾语补语She makes her mother angry．The teacher asked me to read the passage.主谓宾名／代－－动词－－名／代we-- saw --you.we-- did --the work.主系表名／代－系动词－形容次／名词／代词you are beautifulyou seems worried.you are a stufent.相同点都三部分，主语也一样．不同动词和系动词，时态一样，否定式不同．动词加助动词，系动词不用．表语可以是形容词，宾语不行．只有宾语有补足语2、句子成分：英语句子成分分为七种：主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、表语、宾语补足语。

1、主语是句子所要说的人或事物,回答是“谁”或者“什么”。

通常用名词或代词担任。

如：I’m Miss Green.(我是格林小姐)2、谓语动词说明主语的动作或状态,回答“做(什么)”。

主要由动词担任。

如：Jack cleans the room every day. (杰克每天打扫房间)3、表语在系动词之后,说明主语的身份或特征,回答是“什么”或者“怎么样”。

通常由名词、代词或形容词担任。

如：My name is Ping ping .(我的名字叫萍萍)4、宾语表示及物动词的对象或结果,回答做的是“什么”。

通常由名词或代词担任。

如：He can spell the word.(他能拼这个词)有些及物动词带有两个宾语,一个指物,一个指人。

指物的叫直接宾语,指人的叫间接宾语。

英语句子成分和英语句子基本结构讲解及练习一、句子的基本结构5种1、主语+谓语s+v2、主语+系动词+表语s+l+p3、主语+谓语+宾语s+v+o4、主语+谓语+间接宾语指人+直接宾语指物s+v+io+do5、主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语s+v+o+c二、句子成分：主语、谓语、表语、宾语、定语、状语、宾补、同位语、插足语1. 主语subject：句子说明的人或事物;The sun rises in the east He likes dancing.Twenty years is a short time in history. Seeing is believing.To see is to believe. What he needs is a book.It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree.一指出下列句中主语的中心词① The teacher with two of his students is walking into the classroom.② There is an old man coming here.③ The useful dictionary was given by my mother last year.④ To do today's homework without the teacher's help is very difficult.2. 谓语predicate：是对主语加以陈述,表示主语的行为或状态,常用动词或者动词词组担任,放在主语的后面; We study English. He is asleep.二. 选出句中谓语的中心词① I don't like the picture on the wall. A. don't B. like C. picture D. wall② The days get longer and longer when summer comes. A. get C. days D. summer③ Do you usually go to school by bus A. Do B. usually C. go D. bus④ There will be a meeting at the library this afternoon.A. will beB. meetingC. the libraryD. afternoon⑤ Did the twins have porridge for their breakfast A. Did B. twins C. have D. breakfast3. 表语predicative：系动词之后的成分,表示主语的性质、状态和特征;He is a teacher. Seventy-four You don’t look it.Five and five is ten. He is asleep.His father is in. The picture is on the wall.My watch is gone / missing / lost.The question is whether they will come.常见的系动词有: be, sound听起来, look看起来, feel摸起来,smell闻起来, taste尝、吃起来, remain保持,仍是, feel感觉……It sounds a good idea. The sound sounds strange.Her voice sounds sweet. Tom looks thin.The food smells delicious. The food tastes good.The door remains open. Now I feel tired.三挑出下列句中的表语① The old man was feeling very tired. ② Why is he worried about Jim③ The leaves have turned yellow. ④ Soon They all became interested in the subject.⑤ She was the first to learn about it.4. 宾语：1动宾表示行为的对象,常由名词或者代词担任;放在及物动词或者介词之后;如：I like China. He hates you.How many do you need We need two. I enjoy working with you.I hope to see you again. Did you write down what he said2介词后的名词、代词和动名词-----介宾Are you afraid of the snake Under the snow, there are many rocks.3双宾语-----间宾指人和直宾指物He gave me a book yesterday . Give the poor man some money.四挑出下列句中的宾语① My brother hasn't done his homework.② People all over the world speak English.③ You must pay good attention to your pronunciation.④ How many new words did you learn last class⑤ Some of the students in the school want to go swimming, how about you5. 宾补：对宾语的补充,全称为宾语补足语;We elected him monitor. We all think it a pity that she didn’t come here.We will make them happy. We found nobody in.Please make yourself at home. Don’t let him do that.His father advised him to teach the lazy boy a lesson.Don’t keep the lights burning. I’ll have my bike repaired.五挑出下列句中的宾语补足语① She likes the children to read newspapers and books in the reading-room.② He asked her to take the boy out of school. ③ She found it difficult to do the work.④ They call me Lily sometimes. ⑤ I saw Mr. Wang get on the bus.⑥ Did you see Li Ming playing football on the playground just now6. 定语：修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或句子;Ai Yanling is a chemistry teacher. He is our friend.We belong to the third world. He was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson.The man over there is my old friend.The woman with a baby in her arms is my sister.The boys playing football are in Class 2.The trees planted last year are growing well now.I have an idea to do it well. You should do everything that I do.六挑出下列句中的定语① They use Mr., Mrs. with the family name.② What is your given name③ On the third lap are Class 1 and Class 3.④ I am afraid some people forgot to sweep the floor.⑤ The man downstairs was trying to sleep.7. 状语：用来修饰v., adj., adv., or 句子;表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、程度、条件、方式和让步;以下例句按上述顺序排列I will go there tomorrow. The meeting will be held in the meeting room.The meat went bad because of the hot weather. He studies hard to learn English well.He didn’t study hard so that he failed in the exam. I like some of you very much.If you study hard, you will pass the exam. He goes to school by bike. Though he is young, he can do it well.七挑出下列句中的状语① There was a big smile on her face.② Every night he heard the noise upstairs.③ He began to learn English when he was eleven.④ The man on the motorbike was travelling too fast.⑤ With the medicine box under her arm, Miss Li hurried off.八划出句中的直接宾语和间接宾语① Please tell us a story.② My father bought a new bike for me last week.③ Mr. Li is going to teach us history next term.④ Here is a pen. Give it to Tom.⑤Did he leave any message for me。

英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解及练习1。

主语（subject)：句子说明的人或事物。

The sun rises in the east (名词） He likes dancing。

（代词)Twenty years is a short time in history. （数词) Seeing is believing。

(动名词）To see is to believe。

（不定式） What he needs is a book。

（主语从句）It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree。

（It形式主语,主语从句是真正主语)（一）指出下列句中主语的中心词① The teacher with two of his students is walking into the classroom。

② There is an old man coming here.③ The useful dictionary was given by my mother last year.④ To do today’s homework without the teacher’s help is very difficult。

2. 谓语（predicate)：是对主语加以陈述,表示主语的行为或状态,常用动词或者动词词组担任，放在主语的后面。

We study English. He is asleep.(二）. 选出句中谓语的中心词① I don't like the picture on the wall。

A。

don't B。

like C. picture D。

wall② The days get longer and longer when summer comes. A。

get B。

longer C。

days D。

英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解及练习1. 主语（subject）句子说明的人或事物。

可以由名词（短语），代词（短语），动名词（短语），数词(短语)，非谓语动词（to do/ doing), 主语从句充当。

The sun rises in the east. （名词）He likes dancing. （代词）Five and four is nine. (数词)Seeing is believing. （动名词）To see is to believe. （不定式）What he needs is a book. （主语从句）It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree. （It形式主语，主语从句是真正主语）2. 谓语（predicate）说明主语的动作、状态和特征。

可以由动词或动词短语充当，或由系动词+表语充当。

We study English.He is asleep.The police will look into the case.（复合谓语）The earth moves around the sun.He is cooking in the kitchen.She called me last night.Tom can swim.3. 表语（predicative）系动词之后的成分，表示主语的性质、状态和特征。

可以又名词(短语)，代词（短语），数词（短语），介词短语，副词（短语），非谓语动词和从句充当。

He is a teacher. （名词）Five and five is ten. （数词）He is asleep. （形容词）His father is in. （副词）The picture is on the wall. ( 介词短语)My watch is gone / missing / lost. （形容词化的分词）Her dream is to be a lawyer.（不定式）The question is whether they will come. （表语从句）（常见的系动词有全系动词be; 表感官的系动词sound（听起来）, look（看起来）, feel(摸起来，smell（闻起来）,taste（尝、吃起来）; 表保持的系动词remain （保持，仍是）, keep, stay; 表变化的系动词turn, get, become, go; 表终止的系动词turn out(结果是，被证明是)，prove被证明是。

句子结构分析句子成分:主语、谓语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、补语等。

主要成分:主语和谓语1、主语一个句子中需要加以说明或描述的对象。

主语的位置：一般位于句首，由名词、代词、数词或相当于名词的词、短语等充当。

The school is far from here。

名词做主语She goes to school by bike。

代词做主语Eight is a lucky number. 数词做主语The blind need more help. 名词化的形容词做主语There is a pen on the desk. 名词做主语Predicting the future is interesting. 动名词做主语To be a doctor is my dream. 不定式短语做主语若不定式短语作主语常用it作形式主语,而把真正的主语（不定式短语)放在句后。

It takes me an hour to get there。

2、谓语表示人或事物(主语）的动作和存在的状态。

英语中由动词be、动词have和行为动词来充当谓语动词句子的时态和语态是通过谓语表现出来。

谓语动词往往由一个或一个以上的助动词或情态动词加上主要动词构成。

分析下列句子的主语和谓语Mr. Li teaches English。

He can play the piano。

My parents and I are having dinner。

He studies very hard。

She likes speaking.I can swim in the river.We don't like math.He doesn’t watch TV.3、表语用来说明主语的身份、特征、性质、状态.一般由名词或者形容词担任。

表语的位置：用在动词be和系动词的后面.凡是系动词(be 动词,感官动词等）出现的地方,后面必定带着表语名词、代词、数词、介词短语、副词等都可以和连系动词一起构成复合谓语.Your pen is on the desk.I am a student.My teacher is very handsome。

英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解及练习简单句的五个基本句型❖主语＋不及物动词She came．.❖主语＋及物动词＋宾语She likes English. ❖主语＋系动词＋主语补语❖She is happy．❖主语＋动词＋间接宾语＋直接宾语❖She gave John a book．❖She bought a book for me.❖主语＋动词＋宾语＋宾语补语❖She makes her mother angry．❖The teacher asked me to read the passage.❖（There +be There lies a book on the desk.主谓宾❖名／代－－动词－－名／代❖we-- saw --you.❖we-- did --the work.❖主系表❖名／代－系动词－形容次／名词／代词❖you are beautiful❖you seems worried.❖you are a stufent.❖相同点都三部分，主语也一样．不同动词和系动词，时态一样，否定式不同．动词加助动词，系动词不用．表语可以是形容词，宾语不行．只有宾语有补足语2、句子成分：英语句子成分分为七种：❖主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、表语、宾语补足语。

❖1、主语是句子所要说的人或事物,回答是“谁”或者“什么”。

通常用名词或代词担任。

❖如：I’m Miss Green.(我是格林小姐)❖2、谓语动词说明主语的动作或状态,回答“做(什么)”。

主要由动词担任。

❖如：Jack cleans the room every day. (杰克每天打扫房间)❖3、表语在系动词之后,说明主语的身份或特征,回答是“什么”或者“怎么样”。

通常由名词、代词或形容词担任。

❖如：My name is Ping ping .(我的名字叫萍萍)4、宾语表示及物动词的对象或结果,回答做的是“什么”。

通常由名词或代词担任。

❖如：He can spell the word.(他能拼这个词)❖有些及物动词带有两个宾语,一个指物,一个指人。

英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解及练习一、句子成分（一）句子成分的定义：构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。

句子成分有主要成分和次要成分；主要成分有主语和谓语；次要成分有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语。

（二）主语：主语(Subject)是一个句子所叙述的主体，一般位于句首。

但在there be结构、疑问句（当主语不疑问词时）和倒装句中，主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。

（三）谓语谓语(Predicate) 说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。

动词在句中作谓语，一般放在主语之后。

谓语的构成如下：1、简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成。

如：He practices running every morning.The plane took off at ten o’clock.2、复合谓语：（1）由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成。

如：You may keep the book for two weeks.He has caught a bad cold.（2）由系动词加表语构成。

如：We are students.注意：谓语与主语在人称与数方面要保持一致。

（四）表语表语(Predicative)用以说明主语的性质、特征、状态与身份，它一般位于系动词（如be, become, get, look, grow, turn, seem等）之后。

常见的系动词有状态系动词可用来表示主语性质或状态，只有be一词，例如：He is a teacher. 他是一名教师。

（表示主语的身份－－性质）He is ill. 他病了。

（表示主语的状态）持续系动词用来表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度，主要有keep, rest, remain, stay, lie, stand, 例如：He always kept silent at meeting. 他开会时总保持沉默。

This matter rests a mystery. 此事仍是一个谜。

英语句子成分和英语句子构造讲授及演习❖简略句的五个根本句型❖主语＋不及物动词She came．.❖主语＋及物动词＋宾语She likes English.❖主语＋系动词＋主语补语She is happy．❖主语＋动词＋间接宾语＋直接宾语She gave John a book．She bought a book for me.❖主语＋动词＋宾语＋宾语补语She makes her mother angry．The teacher asked me to read the passage.❖主谓宾❖名／代－－动词－－名／代we-- saw --you.we-- did --the work.❖主系表❖名／代－系动词－形容次／名词／代词you are beautifulyou seems worried.you are a stufent.❖雷同点都三部分,主语也一样．不合动词和系动词,时态一样,否认式不合．动词加助动词,系动词不必．表语可所以形容词,宾语不成．只有宾语有补足语❖ 2.句子成分：英语句子成分分为七种：❖主语.谓语.宾语.定语.状语.表语.宾语补足语.❖ 1.主语是句子所要说的人或事物,答复是“谁”或者“什么”.通经常应用名词或代词担任.如：I’m Miss Green.(我是格林蜜斯)❖ 2.谓语动词解释主语的动作或状况,答复“做(什么)”.重要由动词担任.如：Jack cleans the room every day. (杰克天天打扫房间)❖ 3.表语在系动词之后,解释主语的身份或特点,答复是“什么”或者“怎么样”.平日由名词.代词或形容词担任.如：My name is Ping ping .(我的名字叫萍萍)❖ 4.宾语暗示及物动词的对象或成果,答复做的是“什么”.平日由名词或代词担任.如：He can spell the word.(他能拼这个词)❖有些及物动词带有两个宾语,一个指物,一个指人.指物的叫直接宾语,指人的叫间接宾语.间接宾语一般放在直接宾语的前面.如：He wrote mea letter . (他给我写了一封信)❖有时可把介词to或for加在间接宾语前组成短语,放在直接宾语后面,来强调间接宾语.如：He wrote a letter to me .(他给我写了一封信)5.定语润饰名词或代词,平日由形容词.代词.数词等担任.如：Shanghai is a big city .(上海是个大城市)6.状语用来润饰动词.形容词.副词,平日由副词担任.He works hard .(他工作尽力)7.宾语补足语用来解释宾语怎么样或干什么,平日由形容词或动词充当.They usually keep their classroom clean.(他们平日让教室保持干净) /He often helps me do my lessons.(他经常帮我做功课) / The teacher wanted me to learn French all bymyself.(师长教师要我自学法语)8.同位语平日紧跟在名词.代词后面,进一步解释它的情况.如：Where is your classmateTom ?(你的同窗汤姆在哪里？)主语（subject）：句子解释的人或事物.The sun rises in the east （名词）He likes dancing. （代词）Twenty years is a short time in history. (数词)Seeing is believing. （动名词）To see is to believe.（不定式）What he needs is a book.（主语从句）It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree.（It情势主语,主语从句是真正主语）(一）指出下列句中主语的中间词① The teacher with two of his students is walking into the classroom.② There is an old man coming here.③ The useful dictionary was given by my mother last year.④ To do today's homework without the teacher's help is very difficult.谓语（predicate）：是对主语加以陈述,暗示主语的行动或状况,经常应用动词或者动词词组担任,放在主语的后面.We study English. He is asleep.(二). 选出句中谓语的中间词① I don't like the picture on the wall.A. don'tB. likeC. pictureD. wall② The days get longer and longer when summer comes. A. get B. longer C. days D. summer③ Do you usually go to school by bus?A. DoB. usuallyC. goD. bus④ There will be a meeting at the library this afternoon.A. will beB. meetingC. the libraryD. afternoon3. 表语（predicative）：系动词之后的成分,暗示主语的性质.状况和特点.He is a teacher. （名词）You don’t look it. （代词）Five and five is ten. （数词）He is asleep. （形容词）His father is in. （副词）The picture is on the wall. (介词短语)My watch is gone / missing / lost. （形容词化的分词）The question is whether they will come. （表语从句）罕有连络动词1.“消失”类:暗示消失或具有某种特点或状况.这类连络动词强调“消失”.罕有的有:be(是),look(看起来),feel(摸上去),seem(似乎是),appear(似乎.显得),prove(证实是),smell(闻起来),taste(尝起来),sound(听起来)等.2.例如: The story sounds true.3.Those oranges taste good star.2. “中断”类:暗示某种情况或状况的中断.这类连络动词强调“中断”.罕有的有:remain(依旧),keep(保持),stay(保持),continue(中断.仍然),stand(处于某状况或情况)等.例如: Why don't you put the meat in the fridge?It will stay fresh for several days.It's already ten in the morning.The store remains closed.What's the matter?❖ 3. “变更”类:暗示由一种情况或状况变更成另一种情况或状况.这类连络动词强调“变更”后的情况或状况.罕有的有:become(变成), turn(变成), grow(变得), get(变得)等.❖例如: Put the fish in the fridge, or it will go bad in hot weather.(三) 挑出下列句中的表语① The old man was feeling very tired.② Why is he worried about Jim?③ The leaves have turned yellow.④ Soon They all became interested in the subject.⑤ She was the first to learn about it.① tired② worried ③ yellow ④ interested ⑤ first4. 宾语：1）动宾暗示行动的对象,常由名词或者代词担任.放在及物动词或者介词之后.如：I like China. （名词）He hates you. （代词）How many do you need? We need two. （数词）I enjoy working with you. （动名词）I hope to see you again. （不定式）Did you write down what he said? （宾语从句）2）介词后的名词.代词和动名词-----介宾Are you afraid of the snake?Under the snow, there are many rocks.3）双宾语-----间宾（指人）和直宾（指物）He gave mea book yesterday.Give the poor mansome money❖(四) 挑出下列句中的宾语① My brother hasn't done h is homework.② People all over the world speak English.③ You must pay good attention to your pronunciation.④ How many new words did you learn last class?⑤ Some of the students in the school want to goswimming.his homework ② English ③ your pronunciation ④ new words ⑤ to go swimming ❖ 5. 宾补：对宾语的填补,全称为宾语补足语.We elected him monitor. （名词）We all think it a pity that she didn’t come here.（名词）We will make them happy. （形容词）We found nobody in. ( 副词 )Please make yourself at home. （介词短语）Don’t let him do that. （省to不定式）His father advised him to teach the lazy boy a lesson.（带to不定式）Don’t keep the lights burning. （如今分词）I’ll have my bike repaired. （曩昔分词）❖扩大：❖主补：对主语的填补.❖He was elected monitor.❖She was found singing in the next room.❖He was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson.❖(五) 挑出下列句中的宾语补足语❖① She likes the children to read newspapers and books in the reading-room.❖② He asked her to take the boy out of school.❖③ She found it difficult to do the work.❖④ They call me Lily sometimes.❖⑤ I saw Mr. Wang get on the bus.❖⑥ Did you see Li Ming playing football on the playground just now?❖① to read newspapers and books in the reading-room ② to take the boy out of school❖③ Lily ④ get on the bus ⑤ playing football on the playground❖划出句中的直接宾语和间接宾语❖① Please tell us a story.❖② My father bought a new bike for me last week.❖③ Mr. Li is going to teach us history next term.❖④ Here is a pen. Give it to Tom.❖⑤ Did he leave any message for me?❖ 6. 定语：润饰或限制名词或代词的词.词组或句子.❖Yanling is a chemistry teacher.（名词）❖He is our friend. （代词）❖We belong to the third world.（数词）❖He was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson.（形容词）❖The man over there is my old friend.(副词)❖The woman with a baby in her arms is my sister. (介词)❖The boys playing football are in Class 2. （如今分词）❖The trees planted last year are growing well now.（曩昔分词）❖I have an idea to do it well.（不定式）❖You should do everything that I do. （定语从句）❖(六) 挑出下列句中的定语❖① They use Mr., Mrs. with the family name.❖② What is your given name?❖③ On the third lap are Class 1 and Class 3.❖④ I am afraid some people forgot to sweep the floor.❖⑤ The man downstairs was trying to sleep.① family ② given ③ third ④ some ⑤ downstairs❖7. 状语：用来润饰v., adj., adv., or 句子.暗示时光.地点.原因.目标.成果.程度.前提.方法和妥协.（以下例句按上述次序分列）❖I will go there tomorrow.❖The meeting will be held in the meeting room.❖The meat went bad because of the hot weather.❖He studies hard to learn English well.❖He didn’t study hard so that he failed in the exam.❖I like some of you very much.❖If you study hard, you will pass the exam.❖He goes to school by bike.❖Though he is young, he can do it well.❖(七) 挑出下列句中的状语❖① There was a big smile on her face.❖② Every night he heard the noise upstairs.❖③ He began to learn English when he was eleven.❖④ The man on the motorb ike was travelling too fast.❖⑤ With the medicine box under her arm, Miss Li hurried off.❖① on the face ② Every night ③ when he waseleven ④ fast⑤ With the medicine box under her arm❖八.同位语❖当一个概念词在前,后面的词.词组或者句子是在解释前者时,并且两者的语法功效雷同,后者就是前者的同位语.❖Mr. Black, our English teacher, is a good tennis player.❖我们的英语师长教师——布莱克师长教师是个优良的网球手.❖ Football, the only interest in life, has brought him many friends.❖足球----他独一的快活爱好,让他交友了很多同伙.❖Yesterday I met Tom, a friend of my brother's.❖昨天我碰到了我弟弟的同伙汤姆.❖That’s her habit, readi ng in bed.❖躺在床上看书是她的习惯.❖Your suggestion, to strike while the iron is hot, seemed a good idea.❖你建议趁热打铁,这个建议很好.❖He gave orders that the work should be started immediately.❖他发出指导要立刻开端工作.❖You still haven’t answered my question why youdidn’t come to school yes terday.❖你还没有答复我昨天为什么没有上学.❖同位语从句常跟在某些名词后,对其作进一步的解释.这些名词包含：fact, doubt, idea, news, hope, indication, decision, possibility, assumption, suggestion, question.这类从句经常有that引诱,有时也可以用what, why, whether, when 等引诱.(九)拔出语❖拔出语是措辞者对所表达的意思的填补.强调.解释或者措辞的立场,其地位灵巧经经常应用逗号或者破折号离开,并且在语法上不影响其他成份.❖ 1. 拔出语常以副词（副词短语）.形容词（形容词短语）.介词短语.非谓语动词短语等情势消失.❖（ 1 ）罕有的副词及短语：indeed, surely, however, obviously, frankly, naturally, luckily / happily for sb. certainly 等.。

【英语】初中英语句子结构与成分解题技巧讲解及练习题(含答案)及解析一、句子结构与成分1．Which structure is right?A.Your father is ill in bed.（S+V）B.Your friend fell down.（S+V+O）C.Your team won the match.（S+V+O+OC）D.He seems ill.（S+V+P）【答案】D【解析】【分析】句意：哪个结构是正确的？A is是系动词，故是主系表结构形式，S+V 表示主谓，B fell是不及物动词，故是主谓形式，S+V+O表示主谓宾，C the match是宾语，故是主谓宾形式，S+V+O+O表示主谓双宾，Dseem是系动词，故是主系表形式，S+V+P表示主系表，故选D。

【点评】考查句子结构，注意seem是系动词的用法。

2．—What an interesting story she told us!—Yes,and her voice sounded________.A.sweetB.smallC.clearlyD.sadly【答案】A【解析】【分析】句意：——他给我们讲的是多么有趣的故事啊！——是的，她的声音听起来很甜美。

sweet甜的；small小的；clearly清楚地；sadly伤心地。

sound是系动词，后跟形容词，故选A。

【点评】考查系表结构。

3．What is the sentence pattern（句型）of the sentence"Linda bought a book yesterday."？A.S+V B.S+V+O C.S+V+IO+DO D.S+V+O+OC【答案】B【解析】【分析】句意："Linda bought a book yesterday."属于哪种句型。

A是主谓结构；B 是主谓宾结构；C是主谓+间接宾语+直接宾语；D是主谓+宾语+宾补。