高考英语二轮复习 第二部分 专题一 名词

第二部分专题二考法1 第2讲A(2022·河北省石家庄市高中毕业班一模)The five interlocked Olympic rings have become fairly familiar at this point.But do you know what they mean and the story behind their __1__ (create)?The 1912 Olympic Games, held in Sweden, were the first to include athletes from __2__ were then considered the five continents: Africa, Asia, Europe, Oceania, and America.__3__ (inspire) by what had become a __4__ (true) global event, Coubertin designed the symbol of the Games: the Olympic rings.Since 1920, the Olympic rings __5__ (use) in every summer and winter Games.Given what we know about colors and their many symbolic __6__ (meaning), it seems like it'd be safe to assume that each color featured in the Olympic rings would stand __7__ something specific, like a continent.__8__ in reality, that's not the case at all.Coubertin __9__ (choose) the six official Olympic colors—blue, yellow, black, green, red, and white (featured in the background)—because when he introduced the symbol in 1913, every single flag of the nations __10__ (participate) in the games could be reproduced using the colors in the Olympic symbol.Or, in his own words: “The six colors thus combined reproduce those of all nations without exception.”【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。

(一)Passage 1(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)The Chinese government recently finalized a plan to set up a Giant Panda National Park (GPNP). __1__ (cover) an area about three times __2__ size of Yellowstone National Park, the GPNP will be one of the first national parks in the country. The plan will extend protection to a significant number of areas that __3__ (be) previously unprotected, bringing many of the existing protected areas for giant pandas under one authority __4__ (increase) effectiveness and reduce inconsistencies in management.After a three－year pilot period, the GPNP will be officially set up next year. The GPNP __5__ (design) to reflect the guiding principle of “protecting the authenticity and integrity (完整性) of natural ecosystems, preserving biological diversity, protecting ecological buffer zones, __6__ leaving behind precious natural assets (资产) for future generations”. The GPNP's main goal is to improve connectivity between separate __7__ (population) and homes of giant pandas, and __8__ (eventual) achieve a desired level of population in the wild.Giant pandas also serve __9__ an umbrella species (物种), bringing protection to a host of plants and animals in the southwestern and northwestern parts of China. The GPNP is intended to provide stronger protection for all the species __10__ live within the Giant Panda Range and significantly improve the health of the ecosystem in the area.1．________2．________3．________4．________ 5．________ 6．________7．________8．________ 9．________10．________ 篇章导读：本文是一篇新闻报道。

2022年高考英语二轮复习：名词专项练习题汇编 It isthat the industrial cities of the nineteenth century in England do not attract visitors.A. a pityI am A. captain , memberC. the captain ； memberThey are. ()A. an American C. AmericanHe dropped theand broke it. (A. cup of coffee pityD. pitiesof the Senior Highteam.()captain ； a memberD. a captain, memberAmericansD. the Americans )coffee's cup B. cup for coffeeTomato, which used to be called"love - apple", is notbut. ()2. _________________________S he had stomach trouble and had to follow. ( B. a strict fooda strict dietHe is a good teacher withand he has. () A. enough experience, many experiencesB. many experience» good experiences 参考答案与试题解析It isthat the industrial cities of the nineteenth century in England do not attract visitors.( )A. a pityB. the pityC. pityD. pities【分析】遗憾的是，十九世纪英国的工业城市并没有吸引游客。

精品基础教育教学资料，仅供参考，需要可下载使用！高考英语二轮复习语法突破：名词性从句考点一主语从句一、that引导的主语从句1．that引导主语从句时，在从句中不作任何成分，也没有词汇意义，但一般不可省略。

That the earth goes around the sun is known to us all.众所周知，地球围着太阳转。

2．that引导主语从句时可用it作形式主语，that不可省略。

常见句式主要有以下几种：(1)It＋be＋形容词(necessary/likely/important/certain等)＋that从句(2)It＋be＋名词(短语)(a pity/a shame/no wonder等)＋that从句(3)It＋be＋过去分词(said/told/reported等)＋that从句(4)It＋不及物动词(seem, appear, happen, matter等)＋that从句It occurred to him that he had an important conference to attend the next morning.他突然想到，第二天上午他有重要的会议要参加。

注意：在“It＋be＋suggested/advised/ordered/requested/insisted/required...＋that从句”结构中，从句谓语应用“(should＋)动词原形”。

二、whether/if引导的主语从句主语从句位于主句谓语动作前，表示“是否”，只能用whether。

若用it作形式主语，则whether 与if可互换。

例：It’s uncertain whether/if he’ll come this evening.他今天晚上是否会来还不确定。

The limits of a person’s intelligence, generally speaking, are fixed at birth, butwhether he reaches these limits will depend on his environment.通常来说，一个人智力上的极限从一出生就确定了，但他是否能够达到极限取决于他所处的环境。

名词性从句在英语中，句子可分为简单句和复合句，复合句即常说的“从句”。

由一个主句和一个（或几个）从句构成的句子叫主从复合句。

在复合句中，我们是根据从句在整个句子中所充当的成分来给复合句命名的。

如：主语从句，宾语从句，定语从句，等等。

所有的复合句中，“主语从句，宾语从句，表语从句，同位语从句”，他们的从句有名词性特征，因此合称为“名词性从句”。

名词性从句的引导词引导词是否在名词性从句中充当成分的情况充当成分：连接代词： what, which, who, whom, whose，whatever, whoever, whichever,不从当成分：连接副词： when, where, why, how, however只起连接的作用：that, if/whether, because（that引导的名词性从句，既不作任何成分，也无意义，只是表明从句是一种陈述语气，起个连接作用；if不能引导表语从句和同位语从句，if引导主语从句时不能置于句首，if引导宾语从句时，只能置于及物动词后，不能置于介词后；because只能引导表语从句）㈠主语从句（用作主语的从句叫做主语从句）1．that从句作主语That引导的主语从句可位于句首直接作主语;也可以位于句末，用it作形式主语;① That we are invited to a concert this evening is a piece of good news for us.②It is obvious that the earth is round.2．whether/if（是否）从句作主语同样可放句首或句末，但放句首只能用whether，不能用if.①Whether we shall go or stay ,is uncertain.②It was not known whether/if he would ask.3． whoever, whichever, whatever, however引导主语从句只能放句首。

高考押题专练1．When you enter a hotel, the top ________ is to find out where all the available exit routes are in case you need to get out in an emergency.A．privilege B．priorityC．preference D．principle2．The health of garden plants depends on the soil ________ —the proper balance of mineral pieces, organic matter, air, and water.A．construction B．conservationC．corporation D．composition3．The audience burst into laughter because of the ________ of the tongue from the host, who said, “Good ladies, evening and gentlemen.”A．slip B．slideC．seal D．spit4．Mo Yan, a most widely­read writer，takes a complete new________ to describing China’s rural and folk culture.A．way B．approachC．passage D．entry5．Music grows and evolves through the ________ of different cultures and styles.A．interaction B．competitionC．connection D．interpretation6．She was admitted to college and she had to make some ________ and learn to lead an independent life there.A．progress B．adjustmentC．difference D．assessment7．The survey shows that the US is still a favorite ________ for studying abroad.A．opportunity B．destinationC．challenge D．qualification8．—Mr. Smith, when can I go to America?—I’ve made a ________ for you on the morning flight.A．regulation B．presentationC．reservation D．contribution9．Many people think that the sentence of death is too severe a(n) ________ for any crime.A．defeat B．treatmentC．punishment D．injury10．W hen asked what is the ________ of happiness, different people will give different answers.A．habit B．sourceC．origin D．resource11．Though spending much time on events out of their control, they felt some ________ to be at an advantage finally.A．amazement B．reliefC．curiosity D．nervousness12．Finding information in today’s world is easy.The ________ is how you can tell whether the information you get is useful or not.A．knowledge B．abilityC．competition D．challenge13．It is astonishing what you can do with chocolate if you have enough of it.Give full play to your ________ and have a try!A．imagination B．puzzlementC．attention D．qualification14．The patient’s family has expressed their ________ to the press in letters for the money raised.A．purpose B．apologiesC．gratitude D．sympathy15．When you cast a________for others, you help them see their potential and their possibilities.A．glance B．doubtC．shadow D．vision16．The ________ of cultures between Europeans and the Romanies led to many nations taking action against them.A．cooperation B．similarityC．convention D．collision17．As is often the case, teachers’ ________ with parents involve complaints about children’s misbehaviors and laziness in school.A．acquaintances B．negotiationsC．conferences D．consultations18．For sustainable development, the government has decided to give ________ to those energy­conserving and environment­friendly businesses in many aspects.A．permission B．profitC．preference D．phenomenon19．The local authorities provide every college student this year with an annual________ of 4，000 yuan for food and tuition fees.A．award B．admissionC．allowance D．acquisition20．In Beijing opera, performers are required to paint their faces in patterns and colors to help show the________and depths of the characters’ personalities.A．dimensions B．certificatesC．occupations D．consciences21．Many parents received a message about the class________ because of hazy days in Beijing.A．inspection B．suspensionC．anticipation D．participation22．As a qualified lawyer, he must always consider the best interests of his ________．A．clients B．colleaguesC．organizations D．companions23．Many people tend to assume that________ just means creating something new, but actually it’s more than that—it’s an attitude of doing things.A．imitation B．imaginationC．innovation D．inspiration24．When you think of “a life without limits” you have a(n) ________ to think that you can do anything.A．opportunity B．situationC．tendency D．advantage25．Having a regular bedtime________is something people can do to lower their risk of becoming overweight.A．arrangement B．activityC．trend D．routine26．A trip to the forest park is a wonderful________ of my happy childhood，when I had no end of fun with my playmates.A．adventure B．celebrationC．reminder D．attraction27．She has a________for literature and reading classic books or articles has become part of her routine.A．talent B．passionC．requirement D．reputation28．—The rapid ________ of our city has caused many social and economic problems.—That’s true.Our city is bigger than before, but our life isn’t as quiet as before.A．exploration B．expansionC．explosion D．evolution29．He was faced with the________of whether to go abroad for further study or find a job to support his family after he graduated from college.A．contrast B．differenceC．adjustment D．dilemma30．What I know is that I should sell healthy fruit to my customers, which is to say, I should follow my ________．A．conscience B．dreamC．nose D．passion31．I often have ________ chat with my friends on ________ phone in my spare time.A．a；the B．the；/C．the；the D．a；/32．Health care workers are at the risk of getting infectious diseases because of their ________ to patients.A．exposure B．discriminationC．guidance D．response33．If you want to see a doctor，you fix a date with him ahead of time.That is a common ________ in the USA.A．view B．exerciseC．practice D．reality34．In 2013，Beijing adopted an emergency ____ program for air pollution.A．behavior B．actionC．response D．situation35．Usually the Player of the Year title is given to a big name from the best team.But this time there is a(n) ________.A．break B．improvementC．exception D．tradition36．The fear of failing exams can cause you to panic and stress can be a(n)________ to your performance at school.A．solution B．invitationC．block D．access37．Although war still exists on our planet，I do believe it’s possible for different ethnic groups to live together in ________.A．agreement B．harmonyC．connection D．comparison38．Unfortunately，_____ stone hit him on ______ head and he got injured.A．the；a B．a；/C．a；the D．the；the39．I prefer writing ________ letters to talking on ________ phone.A．the；a B．/；theC．the；the D．/；a40．It was a difficult job for him.He had tried everything but it made little ________.A．use B．goodC．difference D．result41．This is our contribution to ________ world of the 21st century，________ world of independence and mutual understanding.A．the；a B．/；aC．a；the D．the；/42．For the final ______ of our journey，we decided to take the coach.A．leg B．roundC．distance D．path43．Jianbing，one of the most popular snacks in China，appeals to almost everyone in America and has become new ________ food there.A．usual B．hitC．common D．success44．My neighbor Molly is very kind-hearted.She usually volunteers to help ________ poor in our community out of ________ sympathy.A．/；the B．the；/C．a；the D．the；the45．Time and time again she was warned of the________of her action.A．effects B．resultsC．importance D．consequences46．I don’t fully understand what you said，but I have got ________ rough idea of ________ plan.A．a；/ B．/；theC．a；the D．the；the47．It is important to pay your electricity bill on time，as late payments may affect your ________.A．condition B．incomeC．credit D．status48．When the captain found the ship was rapidly sinking，he ordered his men to send out a ________ for help.A．signal B．signC．symbol D．signature49．One of ________ most common illnesses in our society is “time sickness”，________ sense of time pressure and hurry that causes anxiety and tension.A．/；a B．/；theC．the；a D．the；the50．True happiness does not lie in the ________ of money，but the joy of achievement.A．possession B．professionC．permission D．persuasion以下内容为：高中英语到底怎么学？开学伊始，对于所有的同学来说，都是新的开始，新学期到底该如何学好英语? 这是很多同学高中三年都一直追问的问题。

(二)Passage 1(2020·全国卷Ⅱ)Decorating with Plants, Fruits andFlowers for Chinese New YearChinese New Year is a 1 (celebrate) marking the end of the winter season and the beginning of spring. This is why decorating with plants, fruits and flowers 2 (carry) special significance. They represent the earth 3 (come) back to life and best wishes for new beginnings.These are some of the most popular in many parts of the country：Oranges: Orange trees are more 4 decoration; they are a symbol of good fortune and wealth. They make great gifts and you see them many times 5 (decorate) with red envelopes and messages of good fortune.Bamboo: Chinese love their “Lucky Bamboo” plants and you will see them often in their homes and offices. 6 (certain) during the holiday period, this plant is a must. Bamboo plants are associated 7 health, abundance and a happy home. They are easy 8 (care) for and make great presents.Branches of Plum Blossoms (梅花): The 9 (beauty) long branches covered with pink-colored buds (蓓蕾) make fantastic decorations. The plum trees are 10 first to flower even as the snow is melting (融化). They represent the promise of spring and a renewal of life.1． 2. 3. 4.5． 6. 7. 8.9．10.篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。

高考二轮复习语法专项训练-名词名词(1)可数名词及其单复数名词：......a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all 67 (cause).2018年(新课标I)名词：......they had a big separate house to raise dozens of chicken.2018年(新课标I)名词：After supper, we would play card games of all sort in the sitting room. 2018年全国Ⅱ卷名词：This switch has decreased 66 (pollute) in the country’s major lakes and reservoirs and made drinking water safer for people.2018年全国Ⅱ卷名词：I’m a 66 (science) who studies animals such as apes and monkeys.2018年全国Ⅱ卷名词：.......learning from textbooks, and mistake as well.名词：…..has had some unintended side 62 (effect) such as overweight and heart disease 2017年（新课标I）名词：The instructor kept repeating the word, 2017年（新课标I）名词：It ran for just under seven kilometers and allowed people to avoid terrible _ _61__(crowd) on 2017年全国II卷名词：This development was only possible with the ___69___ (introduce) of electric-powered engines and lifts. 2017年全国II卷名词：But for tourists like me, pandas are its top 61 (attract). 2020年（新课标I）名词：The nursery team switches him every few 68 ( day) with his sister so that 2016年（新课标I）名词：Then, handle the most important tasks first so you’ll feel a real sense of 62 (achieve). 2016年全国Ⅱ卷名词：The teenage year from 13 to 19 were the most difficult time for me . 2016年全国Ⅱ 卷名词：Recent 66 (study) show that we are far more productive at work 2019年全国Ⅱ卷名词：influenced the 48 (develop) of chopsticks. 2016年全国Ⅱ 卷名词：artists in so many Chinese _65__(painting). 2015年新课标I名词：what makes the adobe dwellings admirable is their __63___(able) to “air condition” 2015年新课标II名词：One day, little Tony went to a shopping center with his parent. 2015年新课标II名词：for most of us the___69_______(change) are gradual 2020年新课标I名词：since then---for all these year---2014年新课标I名词：For example, we can do reading for one and a half hour and play sport for one hour every day. 2014年新课标IIcauses chickens sorts pollution scientist mistakeseffects words crowds introduction attraction daysachievement years studies developmentpaintings ability parents changes years hours(2) 不可数名词名词：Besides, they often get some useful informations from the internet. 2017年全国II卷名词：and gain knowledges we cannot get from books. 2016年全国Ⅱ卷名词：The airs we breathe in is getting dirtier and dirtier. 2020年新课标Iinformation knowledge air常见不可数名词：advice, baggage, change(零钱), furniture, hair, homework, information, knowledge, luggage, money, news, progress, traffic(3)专有名词专有名词表示特定的人名、地名或组织机构的名称，专有名词一般具有独一性。

2008届高考第二轮复习英语语法讲解名词▲一、考点聚焦1.可数名词单、复数变化形式（1）规则变化。

①单数名词词尾直接加-s。

如：boy - boys, pen - pens。

②以s、x 、ch 、sh结尾的单词一般加-es。

如：glass - glasses,box- boxes, watch - watches, brush - brushes。

特例：stomach - stomachs③以"辅音字母 + y"结尾的变"y"为"i"再加"-es"。

如：baby - babies, lady - ladies, fly - flies。

④以"o"结尾的多数加-es。

如：tomato - tomatoes, potato - potatoes, hero - heroes。

但以两个元音字母结尾的名词和部分外来词中以o结尾的词只加-s。

如：radio - radios, zoo - zoos, photo - photos, piano - pianos, kilo - kilos, tobacco - tobaccos。

⑤以"f"或"fe"结尾的名词复数形式变"f"或"fe"为"v"，之后再加-es。

如：wife - wives, life - lives, knife - knives, wolf- wolves, self - selves, leaf - leaves等。

特例：handkerchief- handkerchiefs, roof - roofs, chief - chiefs, gulf - gulfs, belief - beliefs, cliff - cliffs。

⑥改变元音字母的。

往往不是最好走的。

遗忘是记忆的大敌，重复是遗忘的克星。

面对一些易混易误、辨识不清的词汇，最好的办法就是“勤能补拙”。

本部分收录的11类知识清单包括词汇、短语、句式，这些既是高考重点，也是考生易失分点。

集结在一起，供考生平时利用课余零碎时间多背勤记；考前，更要跳出题海，再浏览本部分内容，唤醒可能遗忘的知识，激活思维，满怀信心上考场！知识清单(一)“名词兼用作动词”类词汇集释[第一组]account n．账目；说明v．解释；说明ache n．疼痛v i.疼痛；渴望address n．地址v t.向……发表演说age n．年龄；时代v i.变老aid n．援助；救护v t.援助；救护aim n．目的；目标v．瞄准；(向某方向)努力air n．空气；神态v．播出；通风amount n．数量；数额v i.共计anger n．愤怒v t.(使)发怒；激怒arm n．臂v t.武装；装备back n．背；背部v t.支持base n．基部；基地；基础v t.以……为根据bear n．熊v t.忍受；结(果实)；生育block n．块；木块；石块；街区v t.阻塞；妨碍board n．木板；委员会v．上船(或火车、飞机、公共汽车等)boat n．小船；小舟v i.乘船；划船bomb n．炸弹v. 向……投炸弹；轰炸book n．书；卷v t.预订(房间、车票等)border n．边界；国界；边沿v．与……接壤；接近box n．盒；箱v t.把……装入；击打bridge n．桥；鼻梁v t.在……上架桥；克服(障碍)broadcast n．广播；播放v．广播；播放burden n．重担；负担v t.加重压于；使背负往往不是最好走的。

camp n．营地；阵营v i.野营；宿营campaign n．运动；战役v i.作战；参加运动；竞选cash n．金钱；现金v t.把……兑换为现金cause n．原因；事业v t.促使；引起；导致center n．中心；中央v t.置于中央；集中challenge n．挑战v t.向……挑战；考验circle n．圆；圆圈v t.将……圈起来；围绕class n．班；课；等级v t.把……归入某等级coach n．教练；长途汽车v．训练；辅导coat n．外套；涂层v t.给……穿外套；涂上color n．颜色；颜料v t.给……着色；涂色comb n．梳子v t.梳理；仔细搜索comfort n．舒适；安慰v t.安慰；使舒适comment n．评论；议论；批评v．表达意见；作出评论concern n．担心；关注；(利害)关系v t.(使)担忧；关系到；涉及copy n．副本；一本v t.抄写；复印；拷贝credit n．信任；学分；赞扬；信贷v t.相信；存入crowd n．人群；观众v t.挤满；使拥挤culture n．文化；培育；培养v t.培养cycle n．循环v i.骑自行车[第二组]date n．日期；约会v t.给……标注日期delight n．快乐；高兴；喜悦v t.使高兴；使欣喜desert n．沙漠；荒原v t.舍弃；遗弃v i.开小差draft n．草稿；草案；汇票v t.起草；草拟；画草图dream n．梦；梦想v i.做梦；向往dress n．服装；女服；连衣裙v．给……穿衣effect n．结果；效应；影响v t.实现；使生效end n．尽头；终点；目的v．(使)结束；终止exercise n．锻炼；练习v i.锻炼；练习experience n．经验；经历v t.经历；体验experiment n．实验；试验v i.做试验；试用face n．脸；面容v t.面向；面临；正视fence n．栅栏；篱笆v t.围以栅栏figure n．数字；画像；人物；身材v t.估计；料想film n．影片；胶卷v．拍摄；拍成电影fire n．火；火灾v．开火；射击fish n．鱼；鱼肉v i.钓鱼；捕鱼flood n．洪水；水灾；大量v．淹没，使泛滥fool n．蠢人；白痴；受骗者v t.愚弄；欺骗v i.干傻事；开玩笑form n．表格；形式v t.(使)组成；形成；构成；塑造fuel n．燃料v t.给……加燃料group n．组；团体v．分类；集合guard n．警戒；守卫；卫兵v t.保卫；监视guide n．指导；向导；导游v t.指导；指引hand n．手；帮助v t.传递；交付；传给harbor n．港口；海港v t.庇护；藏匿harm n．损害；伤害；危害v t.伤害；(使)损害harvest n．收割；收获v．收割；收获head n．头；首脑v t.领导v i.朝……行进heat n．热；激动v t.加热，使变热honor n．荣誉；尊敬v t.尊敬；给予表扬host n．主人；主持人v t.做东；主办；主持house n．房子；住宅v t.给……提供住处interest n．兴趣；利益；利息v t.使感兴趣interview n．采访；面试v t.采访；面试iron n．铁；熨斗v t.熨；熨平joke n．笑话；玩笑v i.说笑话；开玩笑journey n．旅行；旅程v i.旅行judge n．裁判员；法官v．断定；判断；判决kid n．小孩儿；年轻人v t.欺骗；戏弄；开玩笑labor n．劳动；劳工v i.劳动；艰难行进land n．陆地；土地v i.登陆；靠岸lecture n．讲课；演讲；训斥v．训斥；讲课line n．线；行v t.画线于；(使)成行list n．一览表；名单；清单v t.列举；列清单[第三组]mail n．邮递；邮件v t.邮寄；发送march n．抗议游行；行进v．前进；进发mark n．标记；记号；分数v t.标明方位；做记号market n．市场v t.推销；出售mask n．面具；面罩；伪装v t.掩饰；伪装match n．比赛；火柴v．相配；相称matter n．物质；问题v i.要紧；有重大关系milk n．奶；牛奶v t.挤奶；榨取；勒索mirror n．镜子；写照v t.反映；映照mistake n．错误；过失v t.弄错；误解monitor n．班长；监视器v t.监听；监测name n．名字；名称v t.命名；列举；提名nose n．鼻子；嗅觉v t.嗅v i.窥探note n．便条；笔记；注释v t.记录；注意notice n．通告；注意v．注意到；留心number n．数字；号码v t.给……编号nurse n．护士；保育员v t.护理；照料object n．物体；目标v i.反对；不赞成oil n．油；石油；油画v t.给……加油orbit n．运行轨道v．环绕轨道运行order n．顺序；订单v t.命令；订购；点菜pack n．小包；包裹；一群v t.捆扎；包装；打行李package n．包；包裹v t.包装；包成一包paint n．油漆；绘画颜料v t.用颜料画；在……上刷油漆；把……描绘成panic n．恐慌；惊慌v．使恐慌；惊慌；害怕parcel n．包裹；小包v t.把……打成包裹pardon n．原谅；宽恕；饶恕v t.宽恕；原谅park n．公园；停车场v t.停放v i.泊车part n．部分；角色；零件v．分离；分开pattern n．模式；式样；图案v t.模仿；仿效photograph n．照片；相片v t.给……照相往往不是最好走的。