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医学英语新教程课文翻译第一课细胞结构及细胞转运机制1 所有的生物都是由细胞和细胞外基质构成的。
这种的简单的论述叫做细胞理论，是150年前第一次提出来的。
我们可以把这种理论叫做猜测或者假设，有时候也确实如此，但是证据证实了细胞理论的正确性。
2 细胞是多细胞生物最小活的亚单位，比如人。
细胞是复杂的化学排列；是活体；并且进行着特殊的活动。
微生物如变形虫、细菌是单细胞生物，其细胞有着独立功能。
然而，人类细胞必须相互依赖，共同作用。
内环境稳定取决于所有不同类型细胞的作用。
3人类细胞在大小、形状和功能上有所不同。
大多数人类细胞非常小，以至于借助显微镜才能看到，其测量单位叫微米。
人类的卵细胞除外，它的直径为一毫米，用肉眼就能看得见。
有一些神经细胞，尽管其直径非常小，但是相当长，他们分布在胳膊和腿上，至少有两英尺长。
4关于其形状，人类细胞变化极大，一些是圆的，还有一些是矩形的，其他是不规则形的。
而白细胞的形状是随着它的运动而变化的。
细胞结构5 尽管它们有很多不同之处，但是人类细胞有很多相同的结构特征。
如，细胞膜、细胞质、细胞器和细胞核。
红细胞除外，因为当它们成熟的时候，就没有细胞核。
细胞膜形成了细胞的外层，包裹着细胞质、细胞器和细胞核。
细胞膜6 细胞膜也叫做质膜，细胞是由磷脂、胆固醇和蛋白质构成的。
磷脂是脂溶性物质，通过扩散，经细胞膜进出细胞。
胆固醇为细胞膜提供了极大的稳定性。
蛋白质有很多作用，一些形成小孔使一些物质通过。
还有一些是酶，有助于物质进入细胞。
而另外一些蛋白质外边有很多低聚糖是抗原，标明了它可以鉴别自身的细胞。
然而，还有一些蛋白质用作激素的受体部位。
通过第一次和细胞的特殊受体相结合，许多激素产生了特殊的作用。
然后，这种结合激发了细胞膜内或细胞内的化学反应。
7 尽管细胞膜是细胞的外层，但是我们应该明白，它不是固定的、像墙一样的外层。
而相当活跃，充满朝气。
细胞膜有选择性的通透，也就是说，一些物质可以通过，而一些物质不可以通过。
Unit TwoBody Temperature and MetabolismSection A1—f 2—j 3—i 4—a 5—b6—h 7—c 8—d 9—e 10—gSection BPassage 1I. Reading Comprehension1.What is the normal range of human body temperature?96.5-99.5ºF (36-38ºC)2.Describe the pathways of heat loss through the skin.Since the skin covers the body, most body heat is lost from the skin to the environment. The arterioles in the dermis may constrict or dilate to decrease or increase blood flow, thereby decreasing heat loss or increasing loss of heat to the environment. The other mechanism by which heat is lost from the skin is sweating.Small amounts of heat are also lost in what is called “insensible water loss”3.Explain why the hypothalamus is called the thermostat of the body.The hypothalamus is responsible for the regulation of body temperature, and is considered the “thermostat” of the body. As the thermostat, the hypothalamus maintains the “setting” of body temperature by balancing heat production and heat loss to keep the body at the set temperature.4.Explain what is meant by metabolic rate and kilocalorie.Metabolic rate is usually expressed as an amount of heat production. The energy available from food is measured in kilocalories (kcal). Kilocalories are also the units used to measure the energy expended by the body.5—B 6—D 7—A 8—B 9—A 10—DII. Vocabulary StudyPart A1—Vasodilation 2—metabolism 3—Anabolism 4—neurons 5—dehydration 6—hemoglobin 7—catabolism 8—thyroxine9—digestive 10—peristalsisPart B1—Transferring 2—saturate 3—fluctuate 4—evaporate5—radiation 6—encompass 7—humidity 8—generate9—convection 10—disperseIII. TranslationPart A1.At either end of the age spectrum, however, temperature regulation may not be asprecise as it is in older children or younger adults.然而，在年龄段两端的人群，其体温调节精确程度都不如少年或青年人。
“In my view,”--- their functions and actions. ”“在我看来，”托马斯杰斐逊在1814年写道，“没有比使人了解到自身的构造、部件、功能和行为更能让人愉悦了。
”Distinguished thinkers --- wholeheartedly shares.历史上有许多杰出的思想家都持有和杰斐逊一样的观点。
但有趣的是，不是每一个普通人都能接受这个理论。
Man’s attitude toward his own body—his single most precious possession —is decidedly ambivalent.人对于自身——这个他所拥有的最宝贵的财富，是持有一种矛盾的态度的。
At one and the --- complicated to understand.一方面，人们沉醉于研究自身，另一方面也因为上古的禁忌而对其充满恐惧。
也从某种程度上反映了人们觉得人体太过复杂以至于太难理解。
The possible approaches --- all-too-ailing hulk.研究人体的可行途径有许多。
对愤世嫉俗者来说，贱如黏土陋室，对于吟咏诗歌之人来说，人体贵为灵魂殿堂，对于妙手医师，人体弱如娇柔之躯。
The psychiatrist --- experience of the past.精神学家将其视为思维与人格的寄宿地，遗传学家将其视为使自身的特质永存之人，生物学家将其视为可以总结过往并改变未来的有机体。
All the specialized --- anatomy and physiology.所有与人体相关的专业的科学观点都是有用的，然而，这些观点都必须从同一个前提出发，那就是对研究人体的基本结构和功能在解剖学和生理学上的认识。
And the bedrock --- and function.我们对了解身体的基本原则就是：所有的生物都是由结构和功能基本相似的细胞构成的。
医学英语教程华仲乐课后答案1、_______ hard, _______ you’ll fail in the exam. [单选题] *A. Studying; forB. Study; or(正确答案)C. To study; andD. Study; and2、We have made a _______ tour plan to Sydney. [单选题] *A. two dayB. two daysC. two-day(正确答案)D. two-days3、--Is that the correct spelling?--I don’t know. You can _______ in a dictionary [单选题] *A. look up itB. look it forC. look it up(正确答案)D. look for it4、39．__________ he was very tired, he didn’t stop working. [单选题] *A．Although (正确答案)B．WhenC．AfterD．Because5、You can ask（）is on duty there tonight. [单选题] *A. WhatB. whomC. whoever(正确答案)D. whomever6、The relationship between employers and employees has been studied（）. [单选题] *A. originallyB. extremelyC. violentlyD. intensively(正确答案)7、It was _____the policeman came_____the parents knew what had happened to their son. [单选题] *A.before…asB. until…whenC. not until…that(正确答案)D.until…that8、Tom sits _______ Mary and Jane. [单选题] *A. amongB. between(正确答案)C. onD. next9、English is very important in our daily life. Never _______. [单选题] *A. give up itB. give it up(正确答案)C. give away itD. give it away10、73．The moonlight goes ____ the window and makes the room bright. [单选题] * A．acrossB．through(正确答案)C．overD．in11、( ) You had your birthday party the other day,_________ [单选题] *A. hadn't you?B. had you?C. did you?D. didn't you?(正确答案)12、Jim, it’s dark now. Please _______ the light in the room. [单选题] *A. turn on(正确答案)B. turn upC. turn offD. turn down13、_______! Jack,the floor is wet. [单选题] *A. Be careful(正确答案)B. Be careful toC. Be careful forD. Be careful with14、Will you see to（）that the flowers are well protected during the rainy season? [单选题] *A. it(正确答案)B. meC. oneD. yourself15、( ) ____ eye exercises ___ good __ your eyes. [单选题] *A. Doing, is, for(正确答案)B. Doing, are, forC. Do, is, forD. Do, are, at16、We have ______ homework today. （）[单选题] *A. too manyB. too much(正确答案)C. much tooD. very much17、Don’t ______. He is OK. [单选题] *A. worriedB. worry(正确答案)C. worried aboutD. worry about18、At last the plane landed at the Beijing Airport safely. [单选题] *A. 平稳地B. 安全地(正确答案)C. 紧急地D. 缓缓地19、92．China is a big country ________ a long history. [单选题] * A．hasB．haveC．with(正确答案)D．there is20、Words are windows（）you can look into the past. [单选题] *A. through which(正确答案)B. through thatC. whichD. whose21、As soon as he _______, he _______ to his family. [单选题] *A. arrived, writesB. arrived, writtenC. arrived, wrote(正确答案)D. arrives, write22、The trouble turned out to have nothing to do with them. [单选题] *A. 由…引发的B. 与…有牵连C. 给…带来麻烦D. 与…不相干(正确答案)23、His understanding made a deep impression_____the young girl. [单选题] *A.on(正确答案)B.inC.forD.with24、6．Hi, boys and girls. How are you ________ your posters for the coming English Festival at school? [单选题] *A．getting onB．getting offC．getting with (正确答案)D．getting25、Many people believe that _________one has, _______ one is, but actually it is not true. [单选题] *A. the more money ; the happier(正确答案)B. the more money ; the more happyC. the less money ; the happierD. the less money ; the more happy26、We all wondered（）Tom broke up with his girlfriend. [单选题] *A. thatB. whatC. whoD. why(正确答案)27、Generally speaking, it is _______ to ask a woman’s age in western countries. [单选题] *A. possibleB. importantC. not polite(正确答案)D. polite28、It took a long time to _______ Tom to go shopping with me. [单选题] *A. speakB. tellC. persuade(正确答案)D. talk29、—Can you play the violin at the art festival?—No, I ______. But I am good at playing the drums.（）[单选题] *A. canB. can’t(正确答案)C. doD. don’t30、15．This kind of bread is terrible. I do not want to eat it ________. [单选题] *A．any more(正确答案)B．some moreC．no longerD．some longer。
Unite1Structures of the Lung and the Kidney (肺和肾的结构)The Blood Vessels of the Lung （肺的血管结构）The lung receives its blood supply from two vascular systems—the bronchial andpulmonary circulations. The nutritive blood flow to all but the alveolar structures comes from the bronchial circulation, which originates from the aorta and upper intercostal arteries and receives about 1 per cent of the cardiac output. About one third of the venous effluent of the bronchial circulation drains into the systemic veins and back to the right ventricle. The remainder drains into the pulmonary veins and, along with the contribution from the Thebesian veins in the heart, represents a component ofthe 1 to 2 per cent right-to-left shunt found in normal subjects.肺的血液供应来源于两套血管系统———支气管循环和肺循环。
来自支气管循环的营养血液分流到除肺泡外的所有结构，它来源于主动脉和上肋间静脉，还接受1%的心输出量。
“In my view,"-—- their functions and actions. ”“在我看来,”托马斯杰斐逊在1814年写道，“没有比使人了解到自身的构造、部件、功能和行为更能让人愉悦了.”Distinguished thinkers ——- wholeheartedly shares。
历史上有许多杰出的思想家都持有和杰斐逊一样的观点。
但有趣的是，不是每一个普通人都能接受这个理论。
Man's attitude toward his own body-his single most precious possession —is decidedly ambivalent.人对于自身——这个他所拥有的最宝贵的财富，是持有一种矛盾的态度的. At one and the —-- complicated to understand。
一方面，人们沉醉于研究自身,另一方面也因为上古的禁忌而对其充满恐惧.也从某种程度上反映了人们觉得人体太过复杂以至于太难理解.The possible approaches ——- all—too-ailing hulk。
研究人体的可行途径有许多。
对愤世嫉俗者来说，贱如黏土陋室，对于吟咏诗歌之人来说,人体贵为灵魂殿堂,对于妙手医师，人体弱如娇柔之躯。
The psychiatrist -—— experience of the past。
精神学家将其视为思维与人格的寄宿地，遗传学家将其视为使自身的特质永存之人，生物学家将其视为可以总结过往并改变未来的有机体.All the specialized —-- anatomy and physiology.所有与人体相关的专业的科学观点都是有用的,然而,这些观点都必须从同一个前提出发，那就是对研究人体的基本结构和功能在解剖学和生理学上的认识。
And the bedrock -—- and function。
KeyUnit 1 IntroductionPart OneSituational Dialogues1. Hello; Please call; nurse; How can2. Hello; What’s your problem; please call; am nurse ; Can I help you.Part TwoText AI. 1. antibodies 2. accessory 3. tactile 4. skeleton system 5. exhale6. evaporation7. cartilage8. Striated muscles9. ova 10. residues II. 1. cardiovascular diseases 2. function of the pituitary 3. the urinary tract4. molecules5. artery6. endocrinology7. dyspnea/difficulty in respiration8. saliva 9. histology 10. blood circulation 11. hematology 12. physiology13. anatomy 14. the female reproductive system 15. nervous cells16. immunology 17. indigestion/ poor in digestion 18. voluntary muscle19. embryology 20. psychologyText BI. 1. endemic disease 2. provoked, addiction 3. succumb to 4. ward off5. mental retardation6. An acute disease7. susceptible to8. potential , assumes9. epidemic diseaseII. 1. to impair proper function 2. to contaminate the environment3. malfunction4. causative agent5. vulnerable groups6. localized infection7. venereal disease 8. antigen and antibodyUnit 2 The skeletal SystemPart OneSituational Dialoguesproblems; pain; buttock ; X-ray ; mobilePart TwoText AI. I. Text Comprehension1. The skeletal system is composed of various types of connective tissue, including bone and cartilage.2. The skeletal system have four basic functions. They are support, protection, movement, Mineral storage and blood cell production.3. calcium and phosphorus4. In males, calcium loss typically does not begin until after age 60.5. Because age on the skeletal system is decrease in the rate of protein formation that results in a decreased ability to produce the organic portion of bone matrix. As a consequence, bone matrix accumulates a lesser proportion of organic matrix and a greater proportion of inorganic matrix. In some elderly individuals, this process can cause their bones to become quite brittle and more susceptible to fracture.II. Vocabulary1. C2.B3.D4.A5.BText BI. I. Text Comprehension1.Rheumatoid arthritis is an inflammatory disease of the tissue lining the joints.2.Young children, as well as grown men and women, may suffer from it.3.He has swelling, redness, heat and pain in one or more joints.4.In older adults, the disease is usually of long standing, and varying degree of deformity andpermanent damage.boratory examination, X-ray films and biopsy.I.Word Formation1. 关节风湿病风湿病学家风湿痛风湿（性）致风湿病的风湿病风湿病样的风湿性硬化风湿疹2. 关节水肿骨关节炎滑膜关节膜炎骨关节病滑膜瘤关节病骨癌成滑膜细胞关节镜骨细胞产生滑液的关节切除术切骨术滑膜炎II.TranslationA. 1. Rheumation arthritis is a chronic and general disease, the cause of which is not certain.2. The joints of the patient with rheumatoid arthritis are usually swollen and painful.3. As the disease progresses, joint pain and swelling increase and muscular stiffnessbecomes even more marked.4. In joints which have been immobilized by pain and muscular spasm, fibrous or bonyankylosis may take place.5. In more advanced cases pain and muscle spasm give rise to flexion deformities in theaffected joints.B. Rheumatoid arthritis is a poly-articular affection, often bilateral and symmetrical, mostcommonly involving the metacarpophalangeal and proximal interphalangeal joints of the hands and the smaller joints generally. The wrist, ankle, shoulder, and the temporomandibular joints are also subject to the disease.Part ThreeWriting Skills1. 判断下列标题的书写格式是否正确，并将错误的标题改正。
