英语语法限定词总结
- 格式:doc
- 大小:43.50 KB
- 文档页数:7
第四节限定词一、限定词概述限定词(Determiner)是在名词词组中对名词中心词起特指、类指以及表示确定数量和非确定数量等限定作用的词类,主要包括1.冠词(a, an, the)、2.物主(代词)限定词(如my,her)、3.指示(代词)限定词(如such, this, those)、3.不定(代词)限定词(如all, both, no)、4.疑问限定词(如what, which, whose)、5. 关系限定词(如whose)、6.名词属格(如Tom’s, China)、7.数词等常见考点1.冠词(article)概述:冠词是置于名词之前说明名词所指的人或物的一种虚词,英语中有三个冠词,定冠词(the);不定冠词(a/an);零冠词冠词考点(易出题知识点):1.1 不定冠词a与an的区别1.2 固定结构“a/an +n.A +of + a/an+ n.B”中,这一结构中前面的名词表示的是后面名词的性质或者是特征. 如amountain of a wave 滔天巨浪 a lion of a man 雄狮般勇猛的人1.3 用在复数抽象名词前表示单一概念或复数名词表整体概念(注意同主谓一致考点联系起来)如I have a good twenty dollars in my pocket. 我口袋里面有整整20美元。
Since you like steak so much, why don’t you order ______ steak?A.theB. anC. aD./Answer: C物质名词变为可数名词,a steak表示一份牛排。
1.4 定冠词的使用1.5 零冠词的使用2. 限定词与名词的搭配关系3.限定词与限定的之间的搭配关系3.2 多个限定词相遇时,其位置使用规则*基本规则:“前位+中位+后位”both the brothers all his two daughters (前+中+后)all other students (前+后) those last few minutes (中+后+后)*such做限定词有特殊规则:such+不定冠词(such位于前)当such 和其他的限定词(some, any, no, fall, few, another, other, many, one, two等)搭配时,such是后位限定词,如I’ve never seen such a dog.All such problems should be considered.4. 特殊限定词的使用4.1some 和any 的用法1)some, any与复数名词和不可数名词搭配,表“一些”some 和单数名词搭配表“某一”any与单数名词搭配表“任一”2)some一般用于肯定句中,也可以用在表示希望对方给出肯定回答的疑问句中any 多用语疑问,否定句,条件句,if/whether引导的从句3)固定搭配some day 来日some day or other 迟早not…any longer/more 不再at any rate/in any case 无论如何4.2no 的用法1)no可以修饰单数可数名词,复数名词和不可数名词,其意义相当于“not a “ “not any”, 所以no不能和a(n), any 连用。
限定词(一)限定词用来限定名词所指的范围,主要包括冠词、不定代词、指示代词、数词等。
本章节主要讨论冠词的用法。
冠词是一种虚词,本身不能独立使用。
英语中,冠词包括不定冠词(a/ an)、定冠词(the) 和零冠词三种。
一、不定冠词的主要用法1. a和an 是泛指限定词,用于单数可数名词前,泛指人或物。
在首次提及的人或物前,a或an 一般表示数量“一”。
a用于以辅音开头的名词前:a piece,a language,a university。
an用于以元音开头的名词前:an example,an art exhibition (展览会),an early train,an honest politician, an hour。
e.g. I) It has been a rewarding lecture.II) I work for Sony Electric, an electronics company. 我在一家电子公司――索尼电器工作。
2. a和an也可用在可数名词前表示一类人或物。
e.g. I) A friend is someone who chooses and is chosen.II) Lend me a novel, will you?3. a和an用在某些物质名词前表示一阵、一份、一类、一场、一种等。
e.g. I) All I had for lunch is a yogurt. 中饭我只吃了一杯酸奶。
II) What the earth needs now is a rainfall, 目前地球所需要的是一场雨。
二、定冠词the的意义和用法1. 与名词连用特指某个人或物,或谈话双方熟知的彼此心照不宣的人或物。
e.g. I) Did you go to the opening ceremony? 你有没有参加开幕式?II) The lion is a fierce (凶猛的) animal. (相当于A lion is a fierce animal.或Lions are fierce animals.)【注】下面三句中的斜体部分就不能互换:I) Who invented the camera? (指类别)II) Who had a camera? (指同类中的任何一个)III) Who produced cameras? (指这一类中的所有个体)2. 用在表示独一无二的或被认为是唯一的名词前。
限定词知识点总结一、冠词冠词是英语中最基本的限定词,主要分为定冠词“the”和不定冠词“a”、“an”。
定冠词用于特指某一特定的事物,而不定冠词则用于泛指某一类事物。
下面我们将分别介绍定冠词和不定冠词的用法。
1. 定冠词“the”定冠词“the”用法非常灵活,主要有以下几种情况:(1)指特指特定的事物或人。
例如:The book on the desk is mine.(桌子上的那本书是我的。
)(2)用在单数或不可数名词前表示整体或泛指某一类事物。
例如:The water is cold.(水很冷。
)(3)用在序数词、形容词最高级前表示最特定的意思。
例如:This is the best book I have ever read.(这是我读过的最好的书。
)(4)用在乐器名词前表示某一个唯一的乐器。
例如:She plays the piano very well.(她钢琴弹得很好。
)2. 不定冠词“a”、“an”不定冠词“a”用于辅音开头的词前,而不定冠词“an”用于元音开头的词前。
不定冠词的主要用法如下:(1)用于泛指某一类事物。
例如:I need a pen.(我需要一支笔。
)(2)用于表示职业、身份、国籍等身份识别的名词前。
例如:He is a teacher.(他是一名教师。
)(3)用于表示数量意义上的“一个”。
例如:I have an apple.(我有一个苹果。
)(4)用于表示某一种类的事物。
例如:A dog is a faithful animal.(狗是忠诚的动物。
)二、指示代词指示代词是用来指示人或物的词语,常见的指示代词有this、that、these和those等,它们在句子中具有指示、引导和修饰作用。
下面我们将分别介绍指示代词的具体用法。
1. this和thatthis和that分别表示“这个”和“那个”,在句子中主要有以下几种用法:(1)用于指示近处或者说话者手中的事物。
限定词的分类前位限定词1 不定限定词all,both,half2 表示倍数或分数的词double,twice,three times;one-third,two-thirds等3 指示限定词such(与不定冠词连用):与中位限定词a/an或后位限定词a lot of 等连用时4 疑问或连接限定词what(只用于感叹句中)5 不定限定词1 修饰复数可数名词(a) few of, many of, a good/great many of, a (great/large/good/small) number of, etc.2 修饰不可数名词a bit of, (a) little of, much of, a great/good deal of, a great amount of, etc.3 修饰复数可数名词与不可数名词most of, a lot of, lots of, plenty of, a quantity of, etc.上述不定量限定词只有后跟中位限定词the, my, his, her, your, etc., this, that, these, those时用作前位限定词中位限定词1 冠词a/an, the2 物主限定词my,your,his,her,its,our,your,their3 指示限定词this,that,these,those4 不定限定词1 通用限定词each,every2 肯定限定词some3 非肯定限定词any,either4 否定限定词no,neither5 量词限定词enough5 名词所有格——名词+-'s6 疑问限定词/连接限定词/关系限定词 what(ever),which(ever),whose,whosever后位限定词1 序数词 first,second,third,etc.2 通用序数词 last,next,additional,further,past,etc.3 基数词 one,two,three,etc.4 不定限定词1修饰复数可数名词(a)few (of), fewer, (the) fewest, many (of), several2修饰不可数名词(a) little (of), much (of)3修饰不可数名词和复数名词less, more(of),most(of)4修饰单数可数名词和不可数名词(the)least5修饰单、复数可数名词another,certain6 修饰单、复数可数名词及不可数名词other5 开放性量词1修饰复数可数名词a good/great many (of), a (great/large/good/small) number of, etc.2修饰不可数名词a bit of, a great/good deal of, a great amount of, etc.3修饰复数可数名词与不可数名词a lot of, lots of, plenty of, a quantity of, etc.6 指示限定词such(不与冠词连用)限定词与名词的搭配关系A 只修饰单数可数名词的限定词前位限定词what a;中位限定词a/an, each, every, either, neither;后位限定词many a, one, etc.B 只修饰复数可数名词的限定词前位限定词both后位限定词two,three,etc.,(a) few, fewer, (the) fewest, many, several, these, those.前位限定词或后位限定词a good/great many (of), a (great/good/small) number of, etc.C 只能与不可数名词连用的后位(或前位)限定词(a)bit of, a good deal of, a great deal of, a great amount of, (great/large) amounts of, (a) little (of), much (of) D 只与单数和复数可数名词连用的后位限定词first, second, third, etc., last, next, another, (a) certain, etc.E 只与不可数名词和复数可数名词连用的限定词中位限定词enough, 零冠词后位限定词less, more, most, a lot of, lots of, plenty of, a quantity ofF 只与单数可数名词及不可数名词连用的限定词中位限定词this, that后位限定词(the) leastG可与单、复数可数名词及不可数名词连用的限定词前位限定词all, half, double, twice, three times, one-third, two-thirds, such中位限定词the, my, your, etc., some, any, either, no, what(ever), which(ever), whose, whosever, 名词所有格后位限定词additional, further, past, other, such代词分类表。
限定词语法要点(Main points)1) Determiners are used at the beginning of noun groups.限定词用于名词短语前面。
2)You use specific determiners when people know exactly which things or people you are talking about.当所涉及之人物或事物确定,使用特定限定词。
3)You use general determiners to talk about people or things without saying exactly who or what they are.当所涉及人物或事物不确定,使用不定限定词。
语法透析1) When you use a determiner, you put it at the beginning of a noun group, in front of numbers or adjectives.限定词用于名词短语前面,置于数字或形容词之前。
例如:1) I met the two Swedish girls in London. 我在伦敦碰见那两个瑞典女孩。
2) Several young boys were waiting. 好几个小男孩在等待。
2) When the people or things that you are talking about have already been mentioned, or the people you are talkingto know exactly which ones you mean, you use a specific determiner.当所涉及之人物或事物确定或是在前文已被提及,使用特定限定词。
例如:1) Young people don’t like these operas. 年轻人不喜欢这些戏剧。
考研英语语法特殊限定词的用法详解附译文►表示“多”的限定词表示“多”的限定词有many, much, a lot of, lots of, plenty of等。
1)many, much常用于否定句和疑问句,而a lot of等则常用于肯定句。
I haven't seen many English novels.Have you drunk much water today?I have seen a lot of / lots of / plenty of / a great number of English novels.I have drunk a lot of / lots of / plenty of / a great amount of water today.2)many / much 既可作限定词,也可作不定代词,a lot 也可单独用作名词词组:Have you seen all these novels? ----No, I haven't done very many.You have done a lot for me.►表示“少”的限定词表示“少”的限定词有(a) few, (a) little。
1)a few, a little表示"少量",带有肯定意义。
Let's invite a few friends to our party.I had a little difficulty in reading this poem.2)few / little表示否定意义,相当于not many / much, not enough。
I have very few pens left. Could you give me some more.There is little food in the fridge. Let’s go to the supermarket.3)quite a few, a good few, not a few表示“相当多”。
限定词1,限定词分为前位限定词,中位限定词和后位限定词。
中位限定词有,a an the zero ;this that these those ; my your 等my friend`s ; some any no every each either neither enough ;what(ever) which(ever) whose等(冠词,指示代词,名词属格,物主代词)前位限定词有,all both ;double twice three times 等;one third ,two fifths 等,what such a (倍数,分数)后位限定词有,one two three等;first second third 等;next last other another 等;many much (a)few (a) little fewer (the )fewest ,less (the )least ,more most ; several such 等;还有,plenty of a lot of lots of a great number of a great deal of a great /good many a large amount of a great quantity of 其含义相当于many much 但用法稍有不同,如a lot of these houses round here have grass in the front door .三类限定词的搭配关系和顺序,总是:前位——中位——后位注意:中位限定词之间和前位限定词之间是相互排斥的,所以一个名词中心词前不可有两个前位或两个中位。
不能说,my that book 可以说,that book of mine 后位限定词可以重叠使用,如,those last few monthsSuch 既是前位限定词,有可归入后位,只在,such a such an 中是前位;与其他限定词(some any no all few another other many one 等搭配时,放在这些限定词的后面,作后位。
Unit 5 限定词总结限定词与可数、不可数名词搭配+复数可数名词both,few,a few,a number of,many,several,these,those,two+不可数名词little,a little,less,much,a bit of,a great amount of,a great deal of等+可数or不可数(都行)a lot of, lots of,plenty of,more,most,all等+单复可数or不可数some,any,nono+单数与no+复数有区别I have no friend.我一个朋友也没有。
I have no friends.我没有一些朋友。
no+不可数名词no money,no tea.以上限定词与of联用时,of后面必须有一个“特指限定词”,然后才能接名词。
限定词与of短语数量或个体限定词用作代词,此时+of数量或个体词+of+特指限定词+复数名词或者不可数名词特指限定词1 指示限定词this,that,these,those2 物主限定词my,your,his,her,its,their,our3 名词所有格Mike’s4 定冠词the the注意:本身就带有of的数量词组如a lot of,lots of, a couple of,plenty of,a number of,a great deal of 等,必须直接与名词连用,不加特指限定词。
all/most/some/any+of +特指限定词名词many/a few/few/several/both/threemuch/a little/littleal和both的特殊用法All students are clever.All of my students are clever. All my students are clever. Both students are clever. Both of my students are clever. Both my students are clever.不定代词与of短语不定代词;none,someone,anyone,everyone.None of us has a gift.我们当中没人有礼物。
限定词总结限定词总结限定词是英语语法中的一种重要词类,用于修饰名词或代词,限定其范围或数量。
本文将从定义、分类、用法和注意事项四个方面进行详细介绍。
一、定义限定词(determiner)是指用来修饰名词或代词的一类词汇,它们可以限制名词的范围、数量和指向等。
通常出现在名词前面,也可以出现在名词短语的头部。
二、分类1. 定冠词(definite article)定冠词“the”是最常见的限定词之一,表示特指某一个事物或人。
例如:The book on the table is mine.(桌子上那本书是我的。
)2. 不定冠词(indefinite article)不定冠词“a”和“an”表示泛指某一个事物或人。
其中,“a”用于辅音开头的单数可数名词,“an”用于元音开头的单数可数名词。
例如:An apple a day keeps the doctor away.(每天吃一个苹果,医生远离我。
)3. 代替性限定词(substitute determiner)代替性限定词包括:one, ones, some, any, each, every, either, neither, both, all, few, several等。
它们可以代替名词,表示数量、指向或选择。
例如:Some of the students are absent today.(今天有些学生缺席了。
)4. 指示性限定词(demonstrative determiner)指示性限定词包括:this, that, these, those等。
它们用来指示名词所代表的事物或人的位置、距离和数量。
例如:This is my car.(这是我的车子。
)5. 形容词性限定词(adjective determiner)形容词性限定词包括:my, your, his, her, its, our, their等。
它们与名词一起构成形容词短语,表示所有格或所属关系。
.
Unit 5 限定词总结
限定词与可数、不可数名词搭配
以上限定词与of联用时,of后面必须有一个“特指限定词”,然后才能接名词。
限定词与of短语
数量或个体限定词用作代词,此时+of
数量或个体词+of+特指限定词+复数名词或者不可数名词
注意:本身就带有of的数量词组如a lot of,lots of, a couple of,plenty of,a number of,a great deal of 等,必须直接与名词连用,不加特指限定词。
. al和both的特殊用法
All students are clever.
All of my students are clever. All my students are clever.Both students are clever. Both of my students are clever. Both my students are clever.
不定代词与of短语
不定代词;none,someone,anyone,everyone.
None of us has a gift.我们当中没人有礼物。
Every one of us has a gift.我们当中每个人都有礼物。
Some one of us has a gift.我们当中有些人有礼物。
Any one of us has a gift.我们当中任何人都有礼物。
练习
1 I read a few books yesterday.
2 Some my students are a little lazy.
3 Some my students are a little lazy and some students are hard-working.
4 I am new here.I don’t know many people.
限定词之间的位置关系
限定词分三类:前位限定词,中位限定词,后位限定词。
限定词练习
1) My shoes have been worn out. I'll have to buy______.
A) some new pair B) a new one
C) some new ones D) a new pair
2) If ______letter arrives for me, can you send it to this address?
A) no B) some
C) any D) some more
3)Taxes and death may come to______, but they never come with impartiality.
A) all men B) all of man
C) all men D) all of men
4)Miss Green contributed fifty dollars, but she wished she could contribute______.
A) one other fifty dollars B) the same amount also
C) more fifty dollars D) another fifty
5)Our monitor is always ready to do good to______.
A) the other B) the others
C) other D)others
6)______of them knew about the plan because it was secret.
A) Some B) Any
C) No one D) None
7)There is very ______hope that he will survive the car accident.
A) few B) a few
C) much D) little
8)I have two brothers. One is a scientist; ______is an artist.
A) another B) the other
C) others D) the others
9)On Sundays, they often go to ______to hear music.
A) a church
B) the church
C) church D) some churches
10) Do you have ______coffee left?
A) some B) any C) any of D) a lot
11) Hand in a composition every ______week, please.
A) some B) other
C) others D) another
12)Even if they are on sale, these shoes are equal in price to ______,if not more expensive, at the other store.
A) anyone B) the others
C) that D) the ones
13) If we continue to argue over minor points, we won't get ______near a solution.
A) somewhere B) nowhere
C) anywhere D) elsewhere
14)Some will water the apple trees, ______will weed the cotton fields.
A) another B) the other
C) the others D) other
15)We must make use of contradictions, win over the many, oppose______.
A) the little B) the few
C)a little D) a few
16)Ramon burned the roast. He didn't want to tell Betty about______, so he bought______.
A) them; more one B) it; the other
C) one; the others D) it; another one
17) Two people had met the general before, but ______recognized him.
A) either B) neither
C) any D) some
18) I have read ______you lent me.
A) all of books B) the all books
C) all the books D) whole the books
19) We are so glad that we have reaped ______harvest this year.
A) the other B) another
C) other D) the another
20)I have had enough cake. Would you like______?
A) one more B) some more
C) any more D) another one
21)______child will find his own personal road to success.
A) Every B) Each
C) Some D)The
22)I have classes ______day—Mondays, Wednesdays and Fridays.
A) each B) every other
C) this and the other D) all other
23) There was ______food left, though we all got hungry.
A) little B) a little
C) a few D) few
24)I haven't finished reading that French book, ______has my friend.
A) so B) neither
C) also D) as well
25)Some people prefer classical music, while ______prefer rock music.
A) other B) the other
C) another D) others
限定词部分练习题
1)D 2)C 3)C 4)D 5)D 6)D 7)D 8)B
9)C 10)B 11)B 12)D 13)C 14)C 15)B 16)D
17)B 18)C 19)B 20)B 21)B 22)B 23)A 24)B
25)D。