推断题的作业

练习1Great comic art is never otherworldly, it does not seek to mystify us, and it does not deny ambiguity by branding as evil whatever differs from good. Great comic artists assume that truth may bear all lights, and thus they seek to accentuate contradictions in social action, not gloss over or transcend them by appeals to extra social symbols of divine ends, cosmic purpose, or laws of nature. The moment of transcendence in great comic art is a social moment, born out of the conviction that we are human, even though we try to be gods. The comic community to which artists address themselves is a community of reasoning, loving, joyful, compassionate beings, who are willing to assume the human risks of acting rationally. Without invoking gods or demons, great comic art arouses courage in reason, courage which grows out of trust in what human beings can do as humans.1.The passage suggests that great comic art can be characterized as optimistic about the ability of humans toA.rid themselves of prideB.Transcend the human conditionC.Differentiate clearly between good and evilD.Avoid social conflictsE.Act rationally2.It can be inferred from the passage that the author admires great comic artists primarily for theirA. ability to understand the frequently subtle differences between good and evilB. ability to reconcile the contradictions in human behaviorC. ability to distinguish between rational and irrational behaviorD. insistence on confronting the truth about the human conditionE. insistence on condemning human faults and weaknesses3.Which of the following is the most accurate description of the organization of the passage?A.A sequence of observations leading to a predictionB. A list of inferences drawn from facts stated at the beginning of the passageC. A series of assertions related to one general subjectD.A statement of the major idea, followed by specific examplesE. succession of ideas moving from specific to general练习2.70Passage 1 （观点论证／自然科学应用／中等）A divide between aesthetic and technical considerations has played a crucial role in mapmaking and cartographic scholarship. Since nineteenth century cartographers, for instance, understood themselves as technicians who did not care about visual effects, while others saw themselves as landscape painters. That dichotomy structured the discipline of the history of cartography. Until the 1980s, in what Blakemore and Harley called “the Old is Beautiful Paradigm,” scholars largely focused on mapsmade before 1800, marveling at their beauty and sometimes regretting the decline of the pre-technical age. Early mapmaking was considered art while modern cartography was located within the realm of engineering utility. Alpers, however, has argued that this boundary would have puzzled mapmakers in the seventeenth century, because they considered themselves to be visual engineers2. It can be inferred from the passage that, beginning in the 1980s, historians of cartographyA. placed greater emphasis on the beauty of maps made after 1800B. expanded their range of study to include more material created after 1800C. grew more sensitive to the way mapmakers prior to 1800 conceived of their workD. came to see the visual details of maps as aesthetic objects rather than practical cartographic aidsE. reduced the attention they paid to the technical aspects of mapmaking练习3.Warm-blooded animals have elaborate physiological controls to maintain constant body temperature (in humans, 37℃). Why then during sickness should temperature rise, apparently increasing stress on the infected organism? It has long been known that the level of serum iron in animals falls during infection. Garibaldi first suggested a relationship between fever and iron. He found that microbial synthesis of siderophores----substances that bind iron-----in bacteria of the genus Salmonella declined at environmental temperatures above 37℃and stopped at 40.3℃. Thus, fever would make it more difficult for an infecting bacterium to acquire iron and thus to multiply. Cold-blooded animals were used to test this hypothesis because their body temperature can be controlled in the laboratory. Kluger reported that of iguanas infected with the potentially lethal bacterium A. hydrophilia, more survived at temperatures of 42℃than at 37℃, even though healthy animals prefer the lower temperature. When animals at 42℃were injected with an iron solution, however, mortality rates increased significantly. Research to determine whether similar phenomena occur in warm-blooded animals is sorely needed.2.Which of the following can be inferred about warm-blooded animals solely on the basis of information in the passage?A.The body temperatures of warm-blooded animals cannot be easily controlled in the laboratory.B.Warm-blooded animals require more iron in periods of stress than they do at other times.C.Warm-blooded animals are more comfortable at an environmental temperature of 37°C than they are at a temperature of 42°C.D.In warm-blooded animals, bacteria are responsible for the production of siderophores, which, in turn, make iron available to the animal.E.In warm-blooded animals, infections that lead to fever are usually traceable tobacteria.练习4.Passage 3 （观点论证／考古／中等）Many cultural anthropologists have come to reject the scientific framework (of empiricism that dominated the field until the 1970s) and now regard all scientific knowledge as socially constructed. They argue that information about cultures during the empiricist era typically came from anthropologists who brought with them a prepackaged set of conscious and unconscious biases. Cultural anthropology, according to the post-1970s critique, is unavoidably subjective, and the anthropologist should be explicit in acknowledging that fact. Anthropology should stop striving to build a better database about cultural behavior and should turn to developing a more humanistic interpretation of cultures. The new framework holds that it may be more enlightening to investigate the biases of earlier texts than to continue with empirical methodologies.1. The author implies which of the following about most cultural anthropologists working prior to the 1970s?A. They argued that scientific knowledge was socially constructed.B. They were explicit in acknowledging the biases inherent in scientific investigation.C. They regarded scientific knowledge as consisting of empirical truths.D. They shared the same conscious and unconscious biases.E. They acknowledged the need for a new scientific framework.2. According to the passage, “many cultural anthropologists” today would agree that anthropologists shouldA. build a better, less subjective database about cultural behaviorB. strive to improve the empirical methodologies used until the 1970sC. reject the notion that scientific knowledge is socially constructedD. turn to examining older anthropological texts for unacknowledged biasesE. integrate humanistic interpretations with empirical methodologies练习5Passage 11（短文章／文学问题解决／中等）Before feminist literary criticism emerged in the 1970s, the nineteenth-century United States writer Fanny Fern was regarded by most critics (when considered at all) as a prototype of weepy sentimentalism—a pious, insipid icon of conventional American culture. Feminist reclamations of Fern, by contrast, emphasize her nonsentimental qualities, particularly her sharply humorous social criticism. Most feminist scholars find it difficult to reconcile Fern’s sardonic social critiques with her effusive celebrations of many conventional values. Attempting to resolve this contradiction, Harris concludes that Fern employed flowery rhetoric strategically to disguise her subversive goals beneath apparent conventionality. However, Tompkins proposes an alternative view of sentimentality itself, suggesting that sentimental writing could serve radical, rather than only conservative ends by swaying readersemotionally, moving them to embrace social change.Consider each of the choices separately and select all that apply.1. The passage suggests which of the following about the contradiction mentioned in the highlighted sentence?A. It was not generally addressed by critics before the 1970s.B. It is apparent in only a small number of Ferns writings.C. It has troubled many feminist critics who study Fern.2. It can be inferred from the passage that Tompkins would be most likely to agree with which of the following about the critics mentioned in the passage?A. They accurately characterize the overall result Fern is aiming to achieve.B. They are not as dismissive of Fern as some feminist critics have suggested.C. They exaggerate the extent to which Fern intended her writing to serve a social purpose.D. They wrongly assume that sentimental must be a pejorative term.E. They fail to recognize the role that sentimental rhetoric plays to reader’s emotions.。